1. Determine the meaning of the following words. Make suggestions with them.
booms - booms wednesday - wednesday
action - action reason - reason
paper holder - paper holder light - light
vulture - vulture - vulture
2.1. Pick up Russian synonyms (words or phrases) for words of foreign origin.
exclusive publicity
appeal investor
sequestration prerogative
respondent quota
alliance auditor
2.2. Correct the sentences using synonyms.
a) Among shy animals, the shy fallow deer and the shy hare stand out the most in this respect.
b) Trams ride with a roar and noise; smoothly one after another on soft tires go cars; buses go by, swaying heavily from side to side.
c) Rumbled guns deafened with their roar.
3.1. Correct errors in the use of phraseological units.
1) In addition to vaccinations to the population, great importance prevention is played by the extermination of rodents.
2) The Committee must play the main fiddle in this matter.
3) I give you a tooth on cutting off, you will not succeed.
4) Our hero succeeds, he must have been born under a lucky moon.
5) For a long time it was necessary to put the library in order, but it just doesn’t work out.
6) My Kopeikin, you can imagine, and it doesn’t blow in his mustache.
7) The early romantic works of the writer made an indelible impression on his contemporaries.
3.2. Answer the questions. Use phraseological expressions as an answer.
As they say: 1) About the disappearance of someone without a trace;
2) About the situation when danger threatens from all
3) About something boring, heard many times.
4. Correct the mistakes in the sentences.
2. Bazarov has no accomplices.
3. Pavel saw in Sasha a compatriot in wrestling.
4. Griboedov gives us a good overview of the image of Chatsky.
5. Pavel was treated with respect.
6. It should be confirmed at the meeting.
7. Andrei compares his life with an old oak that grew in the forest he was driving through.
8. Gagarin was the first rogue in space.
9. The palace was built by the serf hands of Count Sheremetyev.
5. Put accents.
Strong, strong, strong, strong.
Cramped, cramped, cramped, cramped.
Set, set, set, set.
Hired, hired, hired, hired.
Sold, sold, sold, sold.
6. Select one of the bracketed forms.
1. (Three boys and three girls - three boys and three girls) performed a beautiful dance.
2. The school library has two thousand (four hundred and eighty - four hundred and eighty) three books.
3. On this day, the commission examined (twenty-two - twenty-two) students.
4. One and a half (training - training) months are left before the start of the exams.
5. Residents celebrated (eight hundredth anniversary - eight hundredth anniversary) since the founding of their city.
7. Write a review on the following excerpt from A. Popov's article
"Genesis of management and management":
« the Russian Federation is on the threshold of the 21st century, which will be characterized by a high level of informatization and computerization, innovative entrepreneurship, wide application information technologies management. The Russian economy will undergo a profound shift from a "managerial" economy to an "entrepreneurial" economy. There is reason to believe that the entrepreneurial economy from a purely American phenomenon will spread to other industrialized countries, and management will follow the path of developing new information and management technologies, which are the basis for transforming the entrepreneurial economy into an entrepreneurial society.
(Higher education in Russia. 1995. No. 2).
Literature:
1. Mitrofanov O.D. Scientific style of speech: learning problems. - M., 1985.
2. Senkevich M.G. Stylistics scientific speech and literary editing of scientific works. - M., 1984.
3. Skorikova T.P. Fundamentals of the culture of scientific speech. - M., 1999.
4. Karlina N.N., Markova V.T. and etc. Language tools expressions of typical elements of the content of a scientific text. - M., 1987.
5. Proskuryakova Ch.G., Botenkova R.K. A guide to the scientific style of speech: For technical universities. Educational aid. Flint, Science. – 2004.
IV OPTION
Theoretical questions.
1. What are functional styles and what causes their appearance?
2. Give a detailed description of the conversational everyday style?
3. What is the difference between the conversational style and other functional styles.
“Homonyms, synonyms” - Now you know everything about synonymous glories and homonym words. Fifth grade students in a logic lesson. In battle, they cut and blow up, and after the battle they entertain. The student learned that the word "braid" has 3 meanings. Words-synonyms. Embroidery. The student liked the homonyms very much. Tails. Go shoot with me to learn and look for me on the ridge.
"Antonyms synonyms homonyms" - Chelo. Now the beginning I will say - well, answer ... I will say the word HIGH, and you will answer ... 1. Why does every person need to know the language? From lifting. Eye. I will say the word FAR, and you will answer ... The purpose of the lesson: Lanitas. Write words that have multiple meanings. In the open-hearth. Which faucet can't drink water from?
"Words-synonyms, antonyms, homonyms" - Expression. Sincwine. Kingdom of synonyms. Road. Kingdom of homonyms. A stylistic figure of contrast. Solve the riddle. Carriages, wagons, carriages. Long travels. Restore the proverb. An apple hung in the garden in full view of the passers-by. joke questions. Synonymous line. Solve riddles. Synonyms exercises.
"Synonyms lesson" - Wander. The rotating shaft is the city shaft. - What is a synonymic series? Wizard. - Will the following words be synonyms: wonderful, beauty? Huge. What words are called synonyms? Let my mother speak for me! Hang out. Fizkulminutka. Laugh. Big. Sea view is a sport. Check yourself:
"Synonyms in Russian" - Late fall. Blizzard, snowstorm, blizzard. What do synonyms mean. Find synonyms. Synonyms. The forest stands as a cheerful, colorful wall. Multiple words. Stylistic synonyms. Poppies. Blizzard. Group synonyms. words of the same part of speech. Synonymous line. Synonyms and speech. Restore text. contextual synonyms.
“Words-synonyms and antonyms” - Replace the underlined word with an antonym. Orthograms in words. Synonyms. Choose a synonym for the adjective. Antonyms. Bad weather. Choose synonyms for the nouns. Words that are similar in meaning to the underlined ones. Write out the words. Adjectives are synonyms.
There are 12 presentations in total in the topic
Municipal educational institution
Mezhozernaya secondary school
Verkhneuralsky district
Chelyabinsk region
Cards
for individual work
on the culture of speech
Technology of differentiation and individualization of education
Teacher: Zhuravleva NN,
teacher of Russian language
and literature
Mezhozerny
Repeat:
Classification speech errors
Good speech is concise and rich, accurate and vivid, stylistically consistent and individual, expressive.Lexical errors:
Mistakes caused by not knowing the meaning of words
Violation of the laws of word combination
Mixing similar words (paronyms)
Errors in the use of phraseological units and stable combinations
False synonymy
Grammatical errors
1. Errors in the use of gender, number, case
In the formation of degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs
Mistakes in word formation
Errors in the use of pronouns
In choosing the case form of the dependent word
Syntax errors
Errors in the use of adverbial turnover
Stylistic mistakes
Verbosity
Logic errors
Eloquence
Unjustified use of archaisms
Misuse of borrowings
Prefix
Suffixation
The use of pronouns
Style Match
Chancellery
“Clarity of speech”
№2 Correct the sentences and name the nature of the errors. No need to look at the one with whom you shake hands, gloomily. The manager is trying to do some work, but the club has bare walls, nothing to even sit on. Residents of the city like to take a walk in a large park located on a mountain plateau, listen to music, from where a wonderful panorama of the city opens. The workers smile towards the girl walking towards them with a white enameled bucket in her hand. It was necessary to teach elementary cleaning techniques to students and schoolchildren. He has a thin face, on which black eyes look especially large, and an angular figure. Around dry land for a fire as much as you want. There are many different theories about the origin of the alphabet in modern science. Mother loves daughter. There are no protein reserves in the human body. It is fat that is deposited, not proteins. He chose the best casket made of Karelian birch."Speech Accuracy"
№ 3 Correct the sentences and name the nature of the errors. Life is good, according to Tagore, in all its manifestations - light needs a shadow as an indispensable condition for its existence. The world is an ox of all antimony... A monster of the human mind, a rocket, towered at the cosmodrome. The last sounds of the Great Patriotic War. For ease of use, the school almanac is provided with content. The author divides the characters of his novel into two parts. 25 product names are presented at the exhibition. We have a self-service canteen: eat - get out yourself. I invite the deans of the faculties to express themselves now as well. The doctor examined the patient and shook his head ruefully. Next, we will touch on this issue in more detail. Over a space of several kilometers, the subgrade has already been compacted and asphalted. The writer widely uses newspaper vocabulary, which gives his stories some kind of dryness. Having slowed down his horse, the commander waited for Marusya."Brevity of speech"
№ 4 Correct the sentences. 1) In which sentences the word "own" is superfluous, and in which it is necessary. Justify the answer. Russian literature has come a long way [its] development. Suddenly Sophia loses [her] consciousness. During the summer holidays, he could do his chemistry all day long. The director of the boarding school pays [his] main attention to educational work. The certificate was given by Ivanova A. That she was really allowed to sell [her] meat. Each school, taking into account its specifics, determines the most effective methodology use of learning machines. There is also a rational grain in the given point of view. Sometimes the mineral itself records its age on itself. The passer-by took off [his] hat and bowed. No. 5.Edit the text. Noticing that no one had approached the car for an hour, A. Komissarov and V. Nigmatulin opened the doors and climbed into it. But the car wouldn't start. Junior police sergeant M. Agitaev found the behavior of strangers [who behaved suspiciously] strange. As you know, for each good work you need a reasonable combination of three with: meaning, passion, style. In close dependence on each other are [between themselves] these three s. No. 6. Correct the sentences using synonyms. 1. A lonely house stood alone on the edge of the village. 2. Freight trains pass by the gatehouse, passenger trains pass, and an ambulance passes once a day. 3. The dark depths of the dark forest frightened children who lost their way in the dark. 4. All students completed the assigned task in a timely manner. 5. The following drawback should be noted in the work: the topic was not fully disclosed. 6. Clean room new school made a good impression with its cleanliness. 7. Among shy animals, the shy chamois and the shy hare stand out the most in this respect. 8. Trams ride with a roar and noise; smoothly one after another on soft tires go cars; buses go by, swaying heavily from side to side. 9. Rumbled guns deafened with their roar. 10. It was not without difficulty that it was possible to overcome difficulties and difficulties. 11. The fire spread to a neighboring house, which was soon engulfed in flames. 12. Shining rails stretch somewhere far away, telegraph poles stretch along the canvas, wires stretch in an endless line. 13. The vast halls of the vast exhibition building were filled with exhibits. 14. The timid boy, in his timidity, differed sharply from his comrades, who often laughed at his timidity. 15. Everyone worked hard, doing urgent work. No. 7 Edit the text: eliminate the repetition of words. A. S. Pushkin was born in 1799. Pushka-na's parents were nobles. At first, Pushkin was brought up at home under the guidance of home teachers, then Pushkin was assigned to the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. Pushkin began writing poetry as a child. After graduating from the Lyceum, Pushkin entered public service. Soon Pushkin was exiled for epigrams, and then Pushkin was sent to the village under police supervision. The name of Pushkin is known to every literate person in our country, the name of Pushkin is widely known outside of our country. No. 8 Fix the style of the stylist. A mistake is a linguistic innovation when it makes it difficult for people to understand each other [among themselves]. No. 9 Reply to the writer.,I personally ''(I am a personal pronoun. Why add ,personally''? for importance?). No. 10. Choose suitable synonyms from brackets for these paronyms:long- long(extended, long-term); comic- comical(ridiculous, comedic); intolerable- intolerant(unacceptable, unbearable); dangerous- cautious(risky, cautious); understandable- understanding(clear, able). No. 11 Restore paronymic pairs, explain the meaning of each word: marsh - walnut - adventurous crown - ironic - stony - lucky - obviously - weighty - efficient - typical - typo - tragic - act - spiritual - lyrical - No. 12 Fill in the sentences with suitable words-paronyms INTRODUCE - PROVIDE. To me... a hostel (to give at someone's disposal). ... you yourself decide such issues (I give you the opportunity to decide). We urgently need... a report on summer practice (submit). Grandfather ... to the order (to apply for a reward). All of me ... an eccentric (consider, imagine). The film was ... at the festival (present for display). The actor could ... other people's voices (copy, portray). This apartment... by itself literary museum(is an). Please ... give me another vacation (give). No. 13. Emphasize meaning of the word, HIDDEN - 1) secret, hidden, outwardly not noticeable . 2) hiding his feelings, thoughts. SIGNATURE 1) drawing a picture on something. 2) personally written surname. EFFECTIVE 1) effective, effective. 2) making a strong impression JUSTIFY 1) start, create something. 2) confirm the correctness of something with facts, arguments. SINGLE 1) common, the same for everyone. 2) exceptional, unique. REPORTING 1) real, clear, legible. 2) containing a report. SELECTED 1) selected from among others; the best in quality. 2) selected during the formation of the composition of something. SMALL 1) small in size, volume; insignificant. 2) giving exaggerated importance to trifles. FOLLOW 1) follow someone. 2) drive somewhere, past something. ZDRAVITSA 1) an institution where they rest and are treated. 2) a short speech (toast) with a wish for health. №14 Determine in which functional styles of the literary language each word can be used. Complete rows if possible. Find in each row stylistically neutral word : 1) to eat - to eat - to eat - to eat - to pack - to fly - to burst - to eat - to crack - to eat. 2) leader - leader - head ... 3) nonsense - nonsense - nonsense - crap ... 4) face - physiognomy - face ... 5) person - person - lilo - figure - bird ... No. 15 Pick up Russian synonyms for foreign words. Analysis, library, vary, vestibule, degeneration, defect, import, initiator, consensus, constructive, cottony, creative, lexicon, memoirs, nuance, presentation, pressure, topical, restoration, simulation, spontaneous, nation, fauna, fix, fictitious, flora, export. No. 17 Determine the differences in the meaning of the words. 1. Briefing - press conference. 2. Image - image. 3. Patron - sponsor. No. 18 Specify the meanings of borrowed words. Alternative, altruism, full house, appeal, cat, veto, genealogy, genesis, devaluation, amateur, doctrine, canon, cataclysm, quorum, conformism, conjuncture, insinuation, but! obstruction, ostracism, ochlocracy, pacifism, regression, reputation, phantom, philanthropy, equivocation, imposing, legitimate, odious, scholastic, total, trivial, fatal eccentric. Borrowings recent years Audit, auto-training, bonus, break, verification. 1 surfing, grant, digest, debtor, dumping, divi; dealer, zombie, insinuation, establishment, killer, couturier, label, lobbying, marginalization, moratorium, monitoring, know-how, offer, offshore, poltergeist, pluralism, prolongation, reprint company, respondent, racketeering, sanitation, sequestration, freestyle, charisma, hospice, emission. No. 19. Lexical norm. What words are used in a meaning that is not characteristic of them? Find the mistake and write the corrected sentences. 1. To be literate and with a lot of jargon of words, you need to read books. 2. Until the very last Rubicon of his life, a person retained Komsomol directness. 3. Taras Bulba cannot be compared with an ordinary person, and it is embarrassing to equate him with heroes. 4. Grinev was arrested on Shvabrin's convictions. 5. Mom told me to put on a sweater, but I flatly refused. 6. In the summer, the guys from our class will return to work on the collective farm. 7. Pose_, Zhilina's face is thoughtful. 8. Great strength and intelligence were felt in his body. 9. The rooks dig the warmed earth with their noses and pull out the awakened worms from it. Make sentences with words jargon, across, back. What phraseological combination with the word Rubicon do you know? In what sense do we use it? No. 20 Lexical norm. Find words that inaccurately convey the corresponding concepts or violate the lexical compatibility accepted in the language. Replace them with synonyms. Write down the edited sentences. I. 1. Autumn! As soon as they say "this word, a yellow maple leaf appears in my mind. 2. At the window, the guys put Vera, who was supposed to talk about the approach of the Germans. 3. Yura went to the table, took off his shirt and told Mitya to tie banner on his chest. 4. In Gogol's story "Taras Bulba" in one of the chapters, a partnership is described. II. 1. The partisans made significant losses to the Nazis. 2. Zhilin was glad that he could again make an escape. 3. The man did a feat 4. On the trunk of a birch, someone again made his initials with a knife. morphological analysis highlighted words. No. 21 Lexical norm. Look for words that are used incorrectly. What additional shades of meaning, introduced into the word by suffixes or prefixes, are not taken into account in these examples? Replace similar words with the same root, but with different suffixes or prefixes. Write down the edited sentences. 1. Masha blushed when Vasilisa Yegorovna told Grinev about their poor. 2. Birds are very useful for vegetation. 3. The beast looked at the hunter angrily. 4. Whitish eyebrows surprisingly raised. 5. His shirt is tattered. 6. Kolya sat down on a nearby bench. 7. Dina's face is worried. 8. The famous date is approaching - May 1. Make up phrases with those words from the exercise that you replaced. No. 22 Lexical norm.Municipal educational institution
Mezhozernaya secondary school
Verkhneuralsky district
Chelyabinsk region
Cards
for individual work
on the culture of speech
Technology of differentiation and individualization of education
Teacher: Zhuravleva NN,
teacher of Russian language
and literature
Mezhozerny
Repeat:
Classification of speech errors
Good speech is concise and rich, accurate and vivid, stylistically consistent and individual, expressive.
Lexical errors:
Mistakes caused by not knowing the meaning of words
Violation of the laws of word combination
Mixing similar words (paronyms)
Errors in the use of phraseological units and stable combinations
False synonymy
Grammatical errors
1. Errors in the use of gender, number, case
In the formation of degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs
Mistakes in word formation
Errors in the use of pronouns
In choosing the case form of the dependent word
Syntax errors
Errors in the use of adverbial turnover
Stylistic mistakes
Style Match
Chancellery
Verbosity
Logic errors
Eloquence
Unjustified use of archaisms
Misuse of borrowings
Prefix
The use of pronouns
Do the exercise:
"Clarity of Speech"
No. 2 Correct the sentences and name the nature of the errors.
No need to look at the one with whom you shake hands, gloomily.
The manager is trying to do some work, but the club has bare walls, nothing to even sit on.
Residents of the city like to take a walk in a large park located on a mountain plateau, listen to music, from where a wonderful panorama of the city opens.
The workers smile towards the girl walking towards them with a white enameled bucket in her hand.
It was necessary to teach elementary cleaning techniques to students and schoolchildren.
He has a thin face, on which black eyes look especially large, and an angular figure.
Around dry land for a fire as much as you want.
The many different theories about the origin of the alphabet in modern science are striking.
Mother loves daughter.
There are no protein reserves in the human body. It is fat that is deposited, not proteins.
He chose the best casket made of Karelian birch.
"Speech Accuracy"
No. 3 Correct the sentences and name the nature of the errors.
Life is good, according to Tagore, in all its manifestations, - for
Light needs a shadow as an indispensable condition for its existence. The world is an ox of all antimonies...
At the cosmodrome towered the monster of the human mind - a rocket.
The last sounds of the Great Patriotic War died down.
For ease of use, the school almanac is provided with content.
25 product names are presented at the exhibition.
We have a self-service canteen: eat - get out yourself.
I invite the deans of the faculties to express themselves now as well.
The doctor examined the patient and shook his head ruefully.
Over a space of several kilometers, the subgrade has already been compacted and asphalted.
The writer widely uses newspaper vocabulary, which gives his stories some kind of dryness.
Having slowed down his horse, the commander waited for Marusya.
"Brevity of speech"
#4 Correct the sentences.
1) In which sentences the word "own" is superfluous, and in which it is necessary. Justify the answer.
Russian literature has come a long way [its] development.
Suddenly Sophia loses [her] consciousness.
During the summer holidays, he could do his chemistry all day long.
The director of the boarding school pays [his] main attention to educational work.
The certificate was given by Ivanova A. That she was really allowed to sell [her] meat.
Each school, taking into account its specifics, determines the most effective method of using teaching machines.
There is also a rational grain in the given point of view.
Sometimes the mineral itself records its age on itself.
The passer-by took off [his] hat and bowed.
№^ 5.Edit the text.
Noticing that no one had approached the car for an hour, A. Komissarov and V. Nigmatulin opened the doors and climbed into it. But the car wouldn't start. Junior police sergeant M. Agitaev found the behavior of strangers [who behaved suspiciously] strange.
As you know, for every good work you need a reasonable combination of three things: meaning, passion, style. In close dependence on each other are [between themselves] these three s.
No. 6. Correct the sentences using synonyms.
1. A lonely house stood alone on the edge of the village. 2. Freight trains pass by the gatehouse, passenger trains pass, and an ambulance passes once a day. 3. The dark depths of the dark forest frightened the children who lost their way in the dark. 4. All students completed the assigned task in a timely manner. 5. It should be noted in the work the following drawback: the topic was not fully disclosed. 6. The clean room of the new school made a pleasant impression with its cleanliness. 7. Among shy animals, the shy chamois and the shy hare stand out the most in this respect. 8. Trams ride with a roar and noise; smoothly one after another on soft tires go cars; buses go by, swaying heavily from side to side. 9. Rumbled guns deafened with their roar. 10. It was not without difficulty that difficulties and difficulties were overcome. 11. The fire spread to a neighboring house, which was soon engulfed in flames. 12. Shiny rails stretch somewhere into the distance, telegraph poles stretch along the canvas, wires stretch in an endless line. 13. The vast halls of the vast exhibition building were filled with exhibits. 14. A timid boy with his timidity differed sharply from his comrades, who often laughed at his timidity. 15. Everyone worked hard, doing urgent work.
№^ 7 Edit the text: eliminate the repetition of words.
A. S. Pushkin was born in 1799. Pushkin's parents were nobles. At first, Pushkin was brought up at home under the guidance of home teachers, then Pushkin was assigned to the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. Pushkin began writing poetry as a child. After graduating from the Lyceum, Pushkin entered the civil service. Soon Pushkin was exiled for epigrams, and then Pushkin was sent to the village under police supervision. The name of Pushkin is known to every literate person in our country, the name of Pushkin is widely known outside of our country.
#^8 Fix the stylist's style.
A mistake is a linguistic innovation when it makes it difficult for people to understand each other [among themselves].
#9 Answer the writer.
I personally '' (I am a personal pronoun. Why add ,personally''? for importance?).
№^ 10. Choose for these paronyms suitable synonyms from brackets:
long - long (extended, long-term); comic - comical (ridiculous, comedic); intolerable - intolerable (unacceptable, unbearable);
dangerous - cautious (risky, cautious); understandable - understandable (clear, capable).
No. 11 Restore paronymic pairs, explain the meaning of each word:
Swamp - walnut -
Adventurous crown -
Ironic - stony - lucky - obviously - weighty - efficient -
typical - typo - tragic - deed - spiritual - lyrical -
No. 12 Insert into sentences suitable words-paronyms PRESENT - PROVIDE.
To me... a hostel (to give at someone's disposal). ... you yourself decide such issues (I give the opportunity
We urgently need... a report on summer practice (submit).
Grandfather ... to the order (to apply for a reward).
The film was ... at the festival (present for display).
This apartment ... is a literary museum (is).
Please ... give me another vacation (give).
№^ 13. Underline the correct meaning of the word,
HIDDEN -
1) secret, hidden, outwardly imperceptible.
2) hiding his feelings, thoughts.
SIGNATURE
1) drawing a picture on something.
2) a personalized surname.
SPECTACULAR
1) effective, efficient.
2) making a strong impression
JUSTIFY
1) to start, to create something.
2) confirm the correctness of something with facts, arguments.
1) common, the same for everyone.
2) exceptional, unique.
REPORTING
1) real, clear, legible.
SELECTED
1) selected from among others; the best in quality.
2) selected during the formation of the composition of something.
PETTY
1) small in size, volume; insignificant.
2) giving exaggerated importance to trifles.
FOLLOW
1) go after someone.
2) drive somewhere, past something.
TASTE
1) an institution where they rest and are treated.
2) a short speech (toast) wishing health.
№14 Determine in which functional styles of the literary language each word can be used. Complete rows if possible. Find a stylistically neutral word in each row:
1) to eat - to eat - to eat - to eat - to gobble up - to devour - to eat - to crack - to eat.
2) leader - leader - leader ...
3) nonsense - nonsense - nonsense - crap ...
4) face - physiognomy - face ...
5) person - person - lilo - figure - bird ...
№ ^ 15 Choose Russian synonyms for foreign words.
Analysis, library, vary, vestibule, degeneration, defect, import, initiator, consensus, constructive, cottony, creative, lexicon, memoirs, nuance, presentation, pressure, topical, restoration, simulation, spontaneous, nation, fauna, fix, fictitious, flora, export.
#17 Identify the differences in the meaning of the words.
1. Briefing - press conference.
2. Image - image.
3. Patron - sponsor.
№ 18 Indicate the meaning of borrowed words.
Alternative, altruism, full house, appeal, cat, veto, genealogy, genesis, devaluation, amateur, doctrine, canon, cataclysm, quorum, conformism, conjuncture, insinuation, but! obstruction, ostracism, ochlocracy, pacifism, regression, reputation, phantom, philanthropy, equivocation,
Imposing, legitimate, odious, scholastic, total, trivial, fatally eccentric.
^ Borrowings from recent years
Audit, auto-training, bonus, break, verification. 1 surfing, grant, digest, debtor, dumping, divi; dealer, zombie, insinuation, establishment, killer, couturier, label, lobbying, marginalization, moratorium, monitoring, know-how, offer, offshore, poltergeist, pluralism, prolongation, reprint company, respondent, racketeering, sanitation, sequestration, freestyle, charisma, hospice, emission.
№^ 19. Lexical norm.
What words are used in a meaning that is not characteristic of them? Find the mistake and write the corrected sentences.
1. To be literate and with a lot of jargon of words, you need to read books. 2. Until the very last Rubicon of his life, a person retained Komsomol directness. 3. Taras Bulba can in no way be compared with an ordinary person, and it is embarrassing to equate him with heroes. 4. Grinev was arrested on Shvabrin's convictions. 5. Mom told me to put on a sweater, but I flatly refused. 6. In the summer, the guys from our class will work back on the collective farm. 7. Pose_, Zhilina's face is thoughtful. 8. Great strength and intelligence were felt in his body. 9. Rooks pick the warmed earth with their noses and pull the awakened worms out of it.
Make up sentences with the words slang, across, back.
What phraseological combination with the word rubicon do you know? In what sense do we use it?
№^ 20 Lexical norm.
Find words that inaccurately convey the corresponding concepts or violate the lexical compatibility accepted in the language. Replace them with synonyms. Write down the edited sentences.
I. 1. Autumn! As soon as they say "this word, a yellow maple leaf appears in my mind. 2. At the window, the guys put Vera, who was supposed to talk about the approach of the Germans. 3. Yura went to the table, took off his shirt and told Mitya to tie the banner on his chest. 4 In Gogol's story "Taras Bulba" one of the chapters describes the partnership.
II. 1. The partisans made significant losses to the Nazis. 2. Zhilin was glad that he could again make an escape. 3. The man did a feat, but remained the same simple and modest. 4. On the trunk of a birch, someone again made his initials with a knife.
o Make a morphological analysis of the highlighted words.
№^ 21 Lexical norm.
Look for words that are used incorrectly. What additional shades of meaning, introduced into the word by suffixes or prefixes, are not taken into account in these examples? Replace similar words with the same root, but with different suffixes or prefixes. Write down the edited sentences.
1. Masha blushed when Vasilisa Yegorovna told Grinev about their poor. 2. Birds are very useful for vegetation. 3. The beast looked at the hunter angrily. 4. Whitish eyebrows surprisingly raised. 5. His shirt is tattered. 6. Kolya sat down on a nearby bench. 7. Dina's face is worried. 8. The famous date is approaching - May 1.
Make up phrases with those words from the exercise that you replaced.
№22 Lexical norm.
Write out from the sentences combinations of words in which the norm of lexical compatibility is violated. Write the correct option next to it.
Sample:
Not right. Correctly.
The task has been achieved. Problem solved. Goal achieved
1. A tired swift tried in vain to catch up with the flock. 2. The bird tilted its head. 3. Her strength quickly expired.
4. On the way to the Belogorsk fortress, Grinev fell into misfortune.
5. Pioneers fulfilled their oath.
6. At this moment, Zhilin's life was decided.
Do phonetic parsing highlighted words.
№23 Lexical norm.
Open the brackets and restore stable combinations.
1. Accept, undertake, apply (tags, salu, measures).
2. Bring in, endure, bear (decision, proposal, idea).
Determine the stylistic coloring of these expressions and make sentences with them.
No. 24. lexical norm.
Write down the text. Choose from the two words in brackets the one that is required in this context.
1. The Institute of Steel and Alloy graduates more than twenty engineers (professions, specialties). 2. Now, when the world is restless, our people (make, make) every effort to defuse international tension. 3. I spend almost all my free time in the summer (fishing, fishing). 4. Great creative work Soviet people pr.. tore., "German .. (fascism, fascists), faith.. attacked brokenly., on our country.
Disassemble the 4th example by members of the sentence.
Pick up synonyms for the words creative (labor), treacherous (attack).
No. ^ 25. Lexical norm.
Read an excerpt from the book The Living and the Dead Word by translator and editor Nora Gal. What mistake is the author warning against?
In one manuscript it was: "Dust has flooded the space." You can say: "The crowd flooded the streets." The imagery of this word has already faded somewhat, you perceive it on a par with “flooded” or simply as “filled”, and it does not argue with the crowd; the crowd may seem like a stream, a river, there is no discord here. But then the flood found itself in the vicinity of dust or sand, with something dry and loose - and again reminds of its origin, of water! ..
This is an insidious thing - an unfortunate clash of words that exclude each other.
Ambiguity, contradiction arise from an unfortunate neighborhood, when a completely good word, figurative speech falls into the wrong place.
Write out from the text and analyze the sentence in which the subject and predicate are expressed in the same way.
No. 26. lexical norm.
Find incompatible words and expressions in the text. Correct and write down the sentences.
1. The young man hid his head in his hands, trying to pull himself together. 2. The old forester grumpily shouted after the guys: “Just don’t make fires!” 3. Complete desolation reigned in the garden. 4. From an incredible, murderous roar, his ears were numb. 5. The birds flew with their spears thrusting their long curved beaks in front of them. 6. Due to poor physical preparation, the football players of our school did not even make it to the semi-finals.
Write out a phraseological expression and choose a synonym for it, also a phraseological unit.
^ Complete the exercises:
Specify Data Values set expressions. Make sentences with these expressions.
1. Without a year a week; without hind legs; White crow; sewn with white threads; cherish like the apple of an eye; broken hour; beat the buckets; beat with a key; take the bull by the horns; pull yourself together; take on mind; throwing pebbles into someone's garden; throw words to the wind; to be on friendly terms with someone; to be at odds with someone
2. To catch fish (fish) in troubled water; to the nines; throw everything in one heap; boil in their own juice; get into your head; return with interest; hang your nose; take with bare hands; soar in the clouds; to drive into the paint; lead by the nose; do not spill water; Wolf in sheep's clothing; the wolves are full and the sheep are safe; look like a wolf; raven count; that's where the dog is buried; all with one voice; by hook or by crook; counter and transverse; put a spoke in wheel; unsettle; bring to clean water; not worth a damn; exit sideways; get out of the water dry; throw out tricks; throw out the number (piece); exhaust the soul; to take dirty linen out of the hut; pull out all the wires.
3. Fortune telling on coffee grounds; highlight of the season (evenings, programs); look (look) at both; look into all eyes; look (look) the truth in the eye; look (look) through the fingers; bend your line; speak in plain words; "to fence nonsense (game, nonsense, nonsense); a copper (broken) penny is not worth it; the lip is not a fool.
4. Give free rein to your hands; give the head (hand) for clipping; make big eyes to make mountains out of molehills; case in the hat; chickens do not peck money; keep in tight rein; keep a stone in your bosom; be careful; keep your mouth shut; cheaper than steamed turnip; get off cheaply; in the afternoon with fire not to be found (not to be found); bring to white heat; get out of the ground (from the bottom of the sea); soul wide open; the soul went to the heels; the soul does not belong to anyone (to anything); do not have a soul in anyone; smoke rocker; leaky memory.
^ 5. Barely (barely, by force) legs are worn; barely (barely, somehow) to make ends meet; barely (barely) carry the legs.
6. Wait by the sea for the weather; live soul to soul; live with your mind; for the soul there is (there is); for distant lands; run into the light, get lost in three pines; brew porridge; touch the inner core; turn a blind eye to something; bite (bite) the tongue; to hack oneself on the nose (on the forehead); holding breath; touch on the living; there are not enough stars from the sky; the earth did not converge like a wedge; know all the moves and exits; know your place; know (understand) a sense of something; promise mountains of gold (promise); speak teeth.
7. And do not blow into your mustache; play spillikins; play the first violin; go where the wind blows; go (run, wander) where the eyes look; go back down (back down, back down yard); to climb out of the skin, from a bag into a matting; out of the frying pan into the fire; from the fifth to the tenth [to speak, tell]; have a grudge against (against) someone; look for the wind in the field.
8. How to attach a bath sheet (attach); like a ram staring at a new gate (look); like a squirrel in a wheel to spin (spin); like a thorn in (in) the eye; how to sink into the water; like a mountain from the shoulders; like mushrooms after rain; like thunder clear sky; like manna from heaven [wait, thirst]; like on pins and needles [be, sit]; how about a wall (into a wall) peas; like (exactly) a butt on the head; how to give a drink; like clockwork [go, roll, flow]; how it was removed by hand; like water off a duck's back; how (exactly) fell through the ground; like snow on your head [fall down, fall]; live like a lord; you can’t lure with a roll; knock out a wedge with a wedge (knock out); skin and bones; the mosquito of the nose (nose) will not undermine; [and] ends in the water; feed on promises; the cat cried; hear out of the corner of your ear; prevaricate; shout (yell, yell) with a good obscenity; buy a pig in a poke; chickens laugh.
9. Easy in sight; climb on the rampage; pour water on someone's mill; Down and Out trouble started; do not hit your face in the dirt; not worth a broken penny; puzzle over something; force an open door; lyasy (balusters) to sharpen.
10. Jack of all trades; wave a hand at someone (on something); bearish corner; disservice; between (between) two fires; between the hammer and the anvil [to be, to be]; crumble like a small demon (spin) in front of someone; measure on your arshin; my (your, etc.) business side; to annoy someone's eyes; talk nonsense; the sea is knee-deep to someone; goosebumps run (crawl) on the back.
11. At random; into the hands of someone; hastily; at worst; fill your hand; take water in your mouth; sharpen the skis; prick up the ears (ear); to impose in the teeth; pout lips; wind [oneself] on a mustache; soap someone's head; step on your favorite corn; our regiment arrived; found a scythe on a stone; not in horse feed; does not withstand [any] criticism; do not take rubbish (y) out of the hut; have a ready answer for any question; not a bast; do not show the eyes (nose); tirelessly [to work, work]; not a timid dozen; do not take off your head; do not close your eyes; unsalted slurping; there is nothing to conceal; nor to the village to the city; under no circumstances; break a leg; do not hear feet under you (do not smell); legs do not hold.
12. Circle around (circle) the finger; upholstering thresholds; pour mud (slop); the game is not worth the candle; fence the garden; birds of a feather; recoup with interest; leave with the nose; stay (leave someone, sit) on beans; stay (leave someone) with a nose; avert someone's eyes; take away the soul; answer with your head for someone (for something); to open one's eyes to what; shelving.
13. Do not hit a finger on a finger; double-edged sword; the first pancake is lumpy; first comer; pour from empty to empty; wash the bones of someone; bake like pancakes; dance to someone's tune; on the shoulder of someone; turn shafts; hang your nose; under a hot hand [to fall, turn up]; add fuel to the fire; put a foot on someone; remember your name; understand something; to get (get caught) into a mess; hit the sky with your finger; across the throat to become (get up, stand); flog a fever; after the rain on Thursday; the last spoke in the chariot; come to the cap analysis; bite your tongue; buzz (buzz, trumpet, crackle) ears to someone; go through fire and water [and copper pipes]; throw dust in your eyes.
14. Roll up your sleeves; break (break) into a cake; exchange for trifles (for trifles); to fix the mess; be born under a lucky star; arms are short; hands do not reach; hands are lowered (taken away); at hand; stigma in a cannon (in fluff).
15. From a sick head to a healthy one [dump, shift]; with sin in half; rage with fat; with light hand; stick to the throat with a knife; get out of hand; to tear off something with hands; with three boxes [say, promise]; with your hump [to mine, earn]; canny; sit in a galosh (in a puddle); sit like a cancer on the rocks; sit on beans; look through rose-colored glasses; reluctantly; sit back; headlong [run, rush]; look with big eyes; look through fingers
^ Complete the exercises:
№ 1 Indicate which of the given phrases are free, which are phraseologically related.
White dance, white paper, white collars, white bone, white walls, white poetry, white wine, white crow, white snow, white gold.
Golden bottom, golden rain, golden bag, golden earrings, golden youth, golden autumn, golden fund, golden mean, golden hands, golden wedding, golden ring.
№^ 2 Determine the meaning of phraseological units. What words in the above phraseological units are not used in modern Russian in a free form?
Seek and you shall find; without a twinge of conscience; soar in the clouds; from Aza to Izhitsa; without hesitation; have no number; sworn enemy; there was not a penny, but suddenly altyn; (cherish) like the apple of an eye; (learn) how much a pound is dashing; everyone
The fibers of the soul; over and above; give a swing; byword; sink into oblivion; ask a strekacha; beat the buckets. ^I
№3 Replace the highlighted words with idioms.
We worked in the field without rest.
He is indifferent to this important matter. At the cottage, he did nothing.
She tried to justify herself and told lies without embarrassment.
He knows this piece very well.
By nature, they are very similar to each other.
The gymnasium is close to my house.
№^ 4. Match the foreign phraseological units with the corresponding Russian phraseological units.
A) French phraseological units:
live like a fattening rooster - “live well, carefree”;
in the days when Queen Bertha spun - "very long ago";
work for the Prussian king - "work for free";
make two blows with one stone - “successfully do two things at the same time”;
to take bubbles for lanterns - "to be cruelly deceived";
to have hay in boots - "to be very prosperous";
head to head - "alone, without witnesses";
pull on four pins - “smart, beautifully dressed in everything new”;
B) Chinese phraseological units:
and the chicken flew away, and the eggs broke - "to be deceived in the calculations";
tie and put on a high shelf - “postpone for a long time”;
without climbing into the lair of the tiger, you won’t catch the tiger cub - “if you don’t risk it, you won’t win”;
whoever tied the bells on the neck of the tiger, to untie them - “to unravel the troublesome business”;
and the crow and the magpie were silent -. "very quiet";
sit at the bottom of the well and look at the sky - “to judge something one-sidedly”;
crush water in a bamboo sieve - “do something useless”;
a crane among chickens is "a person who stands out sharply in his surroundings."
№ ^ 5. Remember the phraseological units, which include the word:
A) EYE. For example: eye to eye, eye to eye, behind the eyes, where the eyes look ...
B) HEAD. For example; a head on his shoulders, a bright head, his own head.,
No. 6. Remember proverbs, sayings, winged expressions, thematically close to concepts:
A) ^ WORD, LANGUAGE, SPEECH. For example: In the beginning was the Word... (John I, 1). The verb is to burn the hearts of people (A. S. Pushkin).
Do not be ashamed to be silent if there is nothing to say (Proverbs of the Russian people. Collection of V.I. Dahl).
b) LOVE. For example:
All ages are submissive to love (A. S. Pushkin).
Love is not a fire, but it catches fire - you can’t put it out (Proverbs of the Russian people. Collection of V.I. Dahl).
To love is not to look at each other, but together in the same direction (Antoine de Saint-Exupery).
No. ^ 7. Explain the meaning of biblical and gospel popular expressions.
Every creature in pairs.
The Forbidden fruit.
Judas is a traitor.
Judas kiss.
Do not make yourself an idol.
Not by bread alone.
Carry your cross.
There is no prophet in his own country.
An eye for an eye a tooth for a tooth.
Seven deadly sins.
Judgment of Solomon.
Thorn crown.
Doubting Thomas.
№^ 8. Who owns the following catchphrases?
I don't want to study, I want to get married.
Blessed is he who believes, he is warm in the world!
A helpful fool is more dangerous than an enemy.
A habit from above is given to us: It is a substitute for happiness.
All this would be funny, If it were not so sad.
Ease in thoughts is unusual.
Sow reasonable, good, eternal.
Look at the root!
To the grandfather's village.
Create, invent, try!
Repeat rule:
The use of noun forms
1. Foreign-speaking by origin indeclinable nouns, denoting inanimate objects, belong to the middle gender: summer coat, wide highway. Exception: hot coffee (masculine).
2. In modern literary language shoe word female. The shape of the shoes (masculine) is inherent in professional use.
3. In modern literary language, the word hall is masculine and has the meaning "a room for crowded meetings or for special purposes *. The word hall (feminine) is obsolete and has the meaning "a spacious front room in a private house for receiving guests."
4. In modern language the word is masculine. The old form of the feminine is preserved only in the name of the Petrovsky Table of Ranks.
5. The word only is masculine. The masculine gender also includes the words: banknote, shoe, felt boots, desman, dahlia, appendage, gelatin * curtain, candelabra, potato, commentary, corrective, myrtle, shoulder strap, pendant, rail, piano, sanatorium, film, turn, epaulette.
6. In the modern literary language, the word jam is of the middle gender. The words also belong to the middle gender: bucket, contralto, monisto, bast, scarecrow, tentacle.
7. The word glade is feminine. The words also belong to the feminine gender: sideburn, parcel, veil, cataract ("eye disease"), knee, hemp, cuff, corn, reserved seat, price, plane tree. (The masculine form of these words is considered obsolete, dialectal, professional, etc.).
8. Some inanimate masculine nouns of the II declension are used in the form of a prepositional case singular with the ending -e (usually without stress) or -y (only under stress). The ending -у/-ю has a noun if it is used in a circumstantial sense (indicates the place, time, mode of action, state) with the preposition in or on: in the garden, on the shore, in one's lifetime, on the go, in bloom. The same when referring to a substance or mass (gingerbread on honey, covered in snow), when designating a meeting of people (in a regiment, in the ranks). In the objective meaning (complement), the -e forms are used: in A.P. Chekhov's "The Cherry Orchard"; in "The Forest" by A. N. Ostrovsky.
9. Foreign surnames on -ov and -iv have the form instrumental ending -om: Exchange, Darwin. Compare: Ivanov, Savin.
10. The following forms are used in the literary language genitive plural(some without endings, others with endings): 1) masculine words: (pair) boots, boots, epaulettes, boots, stockings (but: socks, oranges, eggplants, hectares, tangerines; tomatoes, rails, tomatoes, films, comments , adjustments); (among) Armenians, Georgians, Ossetians, Bashkirs, Buryats, Romanians, Tatars, Turkmens, Turks, Gypsies (but: Kalmyks, Kirghiz, Mongols, Tajiks, Tungus, Uzbeks, Yakuts); (several) amperes, watts, volts, grains (but: grams, kilograms); (detachment) soldier, partisan, grenadier, hussar, dragoon, cuirassier, lancer (but: miners, sappers); 2) feminine words: (several) barges, fables, waffles, shoes, domain, poker, shaft, weddings, estates, sheets, apple trees, shares, skittles, handfuls, sakleys, candles (but: the game is not worth the candle), heron ;
3) words of the middle gender: (no) upper reaches, lower reaches, mouths, dresses, backwaters, coasts; knees, potions, apples; shafts, faces, points; swamps, hooves, laces, logs; saucers, mirrors, blankets, towels;
4) words that do not have a singular form: (there was no) attacks, darkness, twilight, frosts, rags, slops; weekdays, rakes, mangers.
13. When declining such combinations as ^ First of May, only the first part changes: prepare for the First of May.
15. The word environment in the sense of "a set of natural or social conditions in which the development and activity of human society takes place", like most abstract nouns, does not have plural forms. 2) feminine words: (several) barges, fables, waffles, shoes, domain, poker, shaft, weddings, estates, sheets, apple trees, shares, skittles, handfuls, sakleys, candles (but: the game is not worth the candle), heron ;
3) words of the middle gender: (no) upper reaches, lower reaches, mouths, dresses, backwaters, coasts; knees, potions, apples; shafts, faces, points; swamps, hooves, laces, logs; saucers, mirrors, blankets, towels; 4) words that do not have a singular form: (there was no) attacks, darkness, twilight, frosts, rags, slops; weekdays, rakes, mangers.
11. The names of ancient deities (masculine) are declined as animate nouns: hope for Jupiter, and as the names of the planets - as inanimate nouns: look at Jupiter through a telescope.
12. When choosing case forms of the type in the workshop - in the workshop, on vacation - on vacation, one should proceed from the fact that basically the forms in -e are inherent in the literary language, and the forms in -y are in colloquial speech.
13. When declining such combinations as the First of May, only the first part changes: prepare for the First of May.
14. The form of the accusative case of inanimate nouns with the suffixes -tel, -chik, -schik (denoting devices, mechanisms, tools) coincides with the nominative case form: turn the switch, repair the sensor, build a bomber.
15. The word environment in the sense of "a set of natural or social conditions in which the development and activity of human society takes place", like most abstract nouns, does not have plural forms. 16. The word speech has the forms of both numbers only in the meaning of "public speaking."
17. The word environment in most of its meanings is not used in the plural. Verbal nouns on -enie, -anie, denoting an action or an abstract concept, are used in the plural form only when concretizing the meaning: knowledge and skills of students.
18. In the literary language, depending on the style of speech, some masculine nouns of the II declension in the nominative plural form have endings:
struck -а/-я: fan, director, doctor, inspector, boat, clover, feed, korobakuzov, seine, vacation, passport, baker and baker cook, professor
Locksmith and locksmiths, haystacks, watchman, volumes and tdmy. Paramedic, outbuilding, barn, ramrod, stack, stamp, anchor, hawk
unstressed -s/-i:
Accountants, elections, contracts, engineers, valves, grooms, doctors, lecturers, ports, handwriting, sentences, mines, editors, cakes, tractors, fronts, workshops, drivers
^ They differ in the meaning of the form: boar ("chimneys") - hogs ("boars"); corps ("buildings; military formations") - corps ("torso"); images ("icons") - images (artistic and literary); occasions ("reins") - occasions ("inducements"); belts ("piece of clothing") - pbls (geographical); passes ("documents") - passes ("oversights"); current ("place of threshing") - currents (electrical); tones ("color overflows") - tones (sound); brakes ("device") - brakes ("obstacles"); teachers ("teachers") - teachers ("ideological leaders"); bread (on the vine) - bread (baked); colors ("paints") - color1 ("plants"); furs ("tanned skins") - furs (blacksmith's); sable ("furs") - sables ("animals"); accounts ("documents") *- accounts ("device; mutual relations"); sons (homelands) - sons (from parents), etc.
The word experience in the meaning of "a set of
