Quite often you can hear such an expression of parents about the speech of their child: “he says it’s like porridge in his mouth.” Indeed, there is such a speech pathology, which is called DYSARTRIA.

Quite often you can hear such an expression of parents about the speech of their child: “he says it’s like porridge in his mouth.” Indeed, there is such a speech pathology, which is called DYSARTRIA. This is a speech disorder, which is characterized by "blurring", fuzzy pronunciation. The cause of dysarthria is various kinds of disturbances in the conduction of a nerve impulse to the muscles of the articulatory apparatus - lips, mandible, soft palate, and, most often, the tongue. At the same time, in muscles that do not receive full control nervous system the tone changes. It can be low, high, low at rest and sharply increasing at the time of the onset of articulation. For this reason, a child with dysarthria cannot master the precise articulation of speech sounds, especially articulatory complex sounds С, СЬ, З, ЗБ, Ш, Ж, Ш, L, L, Р, Рb. It is most difficult for them to master the sounds-affricates C and C, the pronunciation of which requires a quick switching of articulatory actions. Even having mastered the precise articulation of individual sounds, the child often cannot maintain their quality in the speech stream, can allow the replacement of some sounds with others (for example, the sound Ш to the sound С or vice versa), mix the sound with different sounds(for example, the sound Ш with the sounds Ж and С). Often, such a speech disorder is accompanied by increased salivation, and at the time of speech, saliva splashes may fly out of the child's mouth. Such children “swallow” the endings of words, “lubricate” the endings of phrases, pronouncing them unintelligibly, in a “fading” intonation. All this quite often leads to the costs of mastering the grammatical structure of speech. In general, children with dysarthria tend to dislike eating solid foods - carrots, fried meats, hard apples, etc. IN Everyday life they are not very organized - it is difficult for them to have order in the room, clothes. For schoolchildren, mastering legible handwriting can take a long time. And all the costs of oral speech - substitution, mixing sounds, "swallowing" endings are transferred to written language.

It is important to know that dysarthria can be detected in early age, at the stage of breastfeeding. It is treatable and correctable. The strategy of treatment and correction is determined by the neurologist and speech therapist. Mild forms of manifestation of dysarthria become apparent during the period of mastering complex sounds, i.e. at 3-4 years old. They are often amenable to correction without neurological treatment.

It is worth saying that dysarthria is not only a childhood illness. It may appear in adulthood, after strong nervous stress, traumatic brain injury, stroke. In such cases, the previously successful speech of an adult becomes blurred, fuzzy, fading at the end of phrases. If such a symptomatology suddenly manifested itself, it is necessary first of all to contact a neurologist for drug treatment. If the picture does not improve, then it is important, without delaying the situation, to contact a speech therapist.

Remember! Health and well-being is in your hands!

Porridge in the mouth who, whose. Neglect Someone slurs, pronounces words incorrectly.

Phraseological dictionary of Russian literary language. - M.: Astrel, AST. A. I. Fedorov. 2008 .

See what "Porridge in the mouth" is in other dictionaries:

porridge in the mouth- See pronounce ... Dictionary of Russian synonyms and expressions similar in meaning. under. ed. N. Abramova, M .: Russian dictionaries, 1999. porridge in the mouth tongue-tied, pronounce; fifekt fiction, swallow sounds, indistinctly, speak, mumble ... Synonym dictionary

Porridge in the mouth- (inosk.) about unclear, incomprehensibly pronouncing words. Wed Klösse im Munde dumplings in the mouth ... Michelson's Big Explanatory Phraseological Dictionary (original spelling)

Porridge in the mouth- porridge, and, well. Dictionary Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

porridge in the mouth- (inosk.) about the unclear, incomprehensibly pronouncing the words Cf. Klösse im Munde dumplings in the mouth ...

Porridge in the mouth- who. Razg. Unapproved About whose l. slurred speech, incomprehensible pronunciation. FSRYA, 197; BMS 1998, 255 ... Big Dictionary Russian sayings

porridge in the mouth- from whom About slurred pronunciation ... Dictionary of many expressions

he has a milestone (porridge) in his mouth- (inosk.) does not speak clearly, Vekhotka burrs a rag with which they wash dishes ... Michelson's Big Explanatory Phraseological Dictionary

porridge- Porridge in the mouth of someone (colloquial fam.) about slurred pronunciation. If you have porridge in your mouth, then you are not suitable for artists. Brew porridge (colloquial) trans. do a tricky business. Be ready for the night: porridge will be brewed! Disentangle porridge (colloquial) ... ... Phraseological dictionary of the Russian language

PORRIDGE- porridge, porridge, wives. 1. A dish of cereals boiled in water or milk. Buckwheat porridge. Milk porridge. 2. trans. About the fact that, liquefying, it becomes like this dish (preferably about dirt; colloquial). After the thaw and the first rains, the road turned into ... ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

PORRIDGE- Porridge, and, wives. 1. A dish of boiled or steamed cereals. Steep, thick, liquid k. Buckwheat, millet, rice, semolina k. Brew porridge with boiling water. You can’t spoil porridge with butter (last). He ate little porridge (trans.: young, inexperienced or not strong enough; ... ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

Books

• Once upon a time there were Lin and Ide. Thirty-three tongue twisters, Yasnov Mikhail Davidovich. "Often, when I come, say, to first-graders, I invite the most courageous to quickly repeat after me a simple, very simple" Teasing tongue twister ": Verka-turntable, Cheesecake in the mouth! Here it is ...

For family reasons

There are many speech defects. For example, alalia, when a person does not speak at all, dysarthria, in which a person, as a result of brain damage, literally, and not figuratively, does not toss and turn his tongue, lips and palate are motionless, aphasia, when speech disappears due to illness. But most often, speech therapists are faced with dyslalia, when a person cannot pronounce some sounds, skips them or replaces them with others. A striking example- the speech therapist from the film who did not pronounce most of the sounds. Do you remember: "fefects of fiction", "fafe", "street of someone"?

Dyslalia manifests itself in very early childhood, from about two years old, when the child is just starting to speak. Many parents do not attach any importance to this, believing that over time the baby will begin to speak clearly and clearly. In seventy percent of cases, this happens: by the age of seven, the formation of the speech apparatus ends and the child begins to speak correctly. But don't count on it. At three years old, the child should be seen by a speech therapist to correct speech defects before he goes to school. This is also important because children with dyslalia do not master written language well.

"Porridge" in the mouth may appear due to violations of the structure of the articulatory apparatus, for example, malocclusion, gaps between teeth, high sky, short frenulum of the tongue. Sometimes the cause of poor diction is adenoids: it is enough to remove them, and speech is getting better.

The example is contagious

But it happens that nothing interferes with the child, no reasons preventing correct speech, no, but he still lisps, mumbles, nasally. The point may be that he is simply imitating a family member or neighbor with the same speech impediment. It happens that adults are to blame for the tongue-tied tongue of a child: they don’t correct him if he speaks incorrectly, they “lisp”, distort the words in a childish manner: “Come on, drink milk.” The writer Korney Chukovsky, who studied children's speech, wrote: “No matter how much we like the words “knock” and “kusarik”, we must immediately notice to the child: “They don’t say that, you’re wrong. You need to say "hammer" (or you need to say "cracker").

Problems with diction often occur in children from bilingual families. They learn to speak two languages ​​at once, and when speaking Russian, they may unwittingly use the phonetics of another language.

It happens that speech disorders are caused by the fact that the child does not distinguish by ear the nuances between whistling and hissing, hard and soft sounds. Weakened, asthenic children may find it difficult to speak due to the poor tone of the articulatory apparatus - the tongue, lips and jaw simply do not have enough strength to produce correct speech.

Harmful letters

Most often, difficulties arise with the letter "r". In the people, this defect is called burr, and scientifically rotacism.

The second most common speech defect is the so-called sigmatism, when whistling (s-z), hissing (sh-zh) and the so-called affricates (h-sh) are distorted. An example is the hustler Brick from the movie "The meeting place cannot be changed."

Less common is the so-called lambdacism - a violation of the pronunciation of "l". A typical example is the lady from Sergey Dovlatov's book "Compromise", who said: "We have wedding letters" or "I'm so weepy, so weepy."

There are many exercises to correct these defects. However, it is impossible to advise which one suits your child in absentia, because only the letter “r” has thirteen ways of incorrect pronunciation. So without the advice of specialists - a speech therapist, orthodontist, laura - you can not do. You can correct bad diction at any age, but it is better to do it in childhood, until a person has developed a strong skill to speak incorrectly.

Fitness for the speaker

Sometimes a person speaks without obvious errors, but his speech sounds inexpressive, monotonous, flat. As a result, the thought is lost, the meaning of what was said disappears, often the interlocutors do not want to listen to it to the end. By the way, 30% of the first impression a person makes is his voice.

Only a professional in speech technology can identify and eliminate these problems. By the way, today they are increasingly turning to their services. ordinary people who understand that a good speech is the key to a successful career.

But you can achieve good results on your own. First, evaluate your posture. If it is wrong, the speech will not be expressive. The old proven way is to stand up with your back against the wall. With good posture, you will touch the wall with your heels, calves, buttocks, shoulder blades, and the back of your head. Train yourself to always keep your head at a right angle to your neck.

To speak easily, you need to breathe correctly. Often the speech sounds tongue-tied only because the speaker does not have enough air to complete the sentence, and he “chews” the endings, crumples the ending. Check: with proper breathing, inhale at the count of one-two, exhale at the count of three-four-five-six.

There are many breathing exercises. For example, light a large candle, inhale and try to blow it out at once from a distance of about twenty centimeters. Then learn to blow out two or three candles with one breath. By the way, soon, when you understand how intense the exhalation should be, the candle can be “lit” mentally.

A good exercise is to chant vowels as long as possible on one breath (“aaa-ooo-uuu-iii”) until the breath runs out. The normal result is 25 seconds.

Listen to yourself from the outside: record on a tape recorder how your voice sounds after reading an excerpt from a book. Do this exercise several times, trying to achieve more expressive reading. To make the speech sound more convincing, make semantic pauses in the course of the story, slow down the pace (especially for women who are used to chattering).

Here, it would seem, is a story from the category of Internet tales: parents found out that the child does not speak only when their tablet broke. Before that, at any squeak, the kid was handed a gadget and were glad that he had calmed down. But, alas, this actually happens, admits Olesya Martynova, a speech pathologist at the Ulyanovsk Logo Rainbow Center. She told the site why modern children begin to speak later and how to help the child “start speech”.

The story with parents and a tablet is, of course, an extreme. But she proves that a necessary condition for the formation of speech is social environment. Not the nominal presence of parents, but real communication with them. All known cases of depriving a child of a human environment have led to the grossest delay in the development of the psyche. Later, no amount of training efforts could seriously compensate for this. At best, it was possible to develop speech and intelligence to the level of a three-year-old child. It is in the cartoon that Mowgli looks like a slender and smart young man, and life is usually much more prosaic.

Gulit means to communicate

According to Olesya Martynova, parents usually pay attention to the fact that the child does not speak, approximately between two and three years. However, the expert is sure: it's too late. It is possible and necessary to evaluate the child's progress in mastering speech from the first months of life.

Speech as the highest mental function begins to form even before the birth of a child, says a speech pathologist. - Therefore, as soon as the baby is born, you can already pay attention to how he fixes his eyes, how he reacts to addressed speech, whether he watches toys. All these are prerequisites for the emergence of speech, and there are a lot of them.

Of course, you do not need to make an appointment with a speech therapist immediately after birth. But it’s still worth taking baby talk seriously: the specialist is sure that severe speech disorders should be detected as early as possible, otherwise it will be much more difficult to solve the problem.

Our interlocutor also dispels the myth that before three years there is no point in going to a speech pathologist. Yes, the sound pronunciation is indeed corrected after four years when the sound side of speech is formed. However, classes with a speech therapist are aimed not only at speech itself, but also at the development of fine motor skills, memory, attention, and thinking. Therefore, if necessary, you can work with a specialist from about a year and a half.

When to worry?

So how can parents understand that their child's speech development is delayed? There are age limits for this. Approximately focusing on them, you can understand what you can already expect from a child, and what it is too early to talk about.

Reminder for parents

Parents should pay attention if the child:

Does not roar up to 6 months, does not babble up to 10 months;

Does not respond to speech

Does not use speech while maintaining the work of the articulatory apparatus;

Does not speak any words by one and a half years;

echolalic speech (uncontrolled repetition of words);

Speech is sparse and vocabulary significantly reduced;

Does not speak in phrases after two years;

There is a logorrhea (verbosity, fast pace and rampant speech);

There are severe agrammatisms (difficulties in constructing and perceiving sentences).

If the development of speech is delayed, this is a reason to seek advice.

The first specialist that parents turn to with complaints about the lack of speech is a neurologist, says Olesya Martynova. - He must understand if the child has brain dysfunctions, if there are any problems with communication, how he copes with solving everyday problems - for example, can he eat with a spoon. If the neurologist decides that everything is fine in this regard, but speech has not yet been formed, then we are waiting. If there are problems, it is possible that in order to stimulate speech, the child needs not only psychological and pedagogical, but also medical support prescribed by a specialist.

According to the speech pathologist-defectologist, the first signs of speech disorders can be detected as early as a year and a half. At the same time, it is important to take into account the conclusions of other specialists - a pediatrician, a psychologist or a psychiatrist, an audiologist, and even an osteopath. In some cases, genetic analysis is necessary, as delayed speech development may be a symptom of genetic diseases.

Chew well!

Meanwhile, modernity also throws new challenges to us. Scientists are increasingly saying that the number of children with speech therapy problems is growing every year. The range of these violations is also expanding. There are many reasons for this - here are the ecology, and the peculiarities of the course of pregnancy, and even, paradoxically, technical progress.

Our children are dependent on technical means, they walk a little, get little sensations and impressions, because these screens do not give them a complete picture of the world and do not contribute to their development, - notes Olesya Martynova.

The need to chew solid food also affects the motor skills of the articulatory apparatus. Modern pediatricians, meanwhile, note that parents are increasingly delaying the introduction of solid food, preferring to feed their children purees from jars.

How to help?

If the child does not have serious health problems, the parents themselves can help him speak. The fact that you need to communicate with the child as much as possible and develop fine motor skills is probably known to everyone. Olesya Martynova assures that this is far from everything that can start the necessary mechanisms.

We advise parents to engage in sensory integration, that is, the stimulation of all the senses, she notes. - For example, to stimulate hearing, we make noisy boxes with peas, rice, beads and metal bells, and the child determines what is inside by the sound. Then, thanks to such a game, he will learn to differentiate sounds that are different in sound.

In the same way, it is necessary to stimulate the visual, vestibular, gustatory, olfactory systems of the child. And to do this, do the simplest exercises on the fitball, let you try different tastes and smells, help you feel your body in space.

The children's brain is very plastic, and even in the case of violations, its ability to recover is amazing. At the same time, success depends not so much on the teacher or methodology, but on the internal capabilities of the child himself. The task of specialists is to help develop these opportunities.

Anastasia Gainutdinova

“Yes, you have porridge in your mouth,” they say about people with unclear, blurry speech. Agree, it is difficult to communicate with a person who speaks incomprehensibly, but it is not easy for a person himself. In addition to the difficulties with everyday communication, slurred speech can be a barrier to getting a job. Many professions are associated with communication: bank employees, administrators, lawyers, teachers, salesmen and many others, and if a person has a speech defect, then most likely the employer will refuse him, since such an employee may have difficulties in the process of work.

What is this "porridge" and how to get rid of it? In the people, "porridge in the mouth" is called such speech disorders as dyslalia, dysarthria and takhilalia (accelerated rate of speech).

Dyslalia- this is a violation of sound pronunciation, which arose for the following reasons:

• incorrect structure of the articulatory apparatus (malocclusion, shortened hyoid frenulum, incorrect structure of the dentition, etc.), as a result of which it is difficult for the organs of articulation to take the correct posture for pronouncing a certain sound;
• impaired perception of sounds by ear (phonemic hearing), i.e. a person does not distinguish sounds by ear, and, therefore, cannot determine whether he said the word correctly (instead of “beetle” it can be “shuk”, instead of “goat” - “braid”);
• incorrectly formed articulation patterns that negatively affect sound pronunciation (for example, the sound [l] is pronounced with the help of the lips like the English “w”, when pronouncing the sound [s], the tip of the tongue protrudes between the teeth, etc.).

At dysarthria violations are more serious, since not only sound pronunciation is disturbed, but also intonation, timbre and rhythm of speech. The cause of this disorder is the insufficient supply of the muscles of the articulatory apparatus with nerve impulses, as a result of which their connection with the central nervous system is disrupted. As a result, the tone of the articulatory muscles is disturbed (increased, decreased or changing character). In this state, it is difficult for a person to control the organs of articulation, so speech turns out to be blurry. In addition to sound pronunciation, speech breathing (superficial, weak), voice (quiet, weak, intermittent) can also be disturbed, in addition, the voice becomes monotonous and inexpressive.

As you can see, dysarthria is a more serious speech disorder than dyslalia, and it requires more attention, and sometimes medication is needed to eliminate this defect.

As already noted, with both violations, sound pronunciation suffers. There are several types of speech impairment:

• Distortion when the sound is pronounced incorrectly, for example, throaty [p] or burr, pronunciation of the sound [l] with the help of lips, etc.
• Mixing, insufficient discrimination of sounds similar in articulation or similar in sound during pronunciation (fish-fish, fur coat-suba)
• Substitution, the use of a different sound instead of the one missing in speech (hat-fapka, hapka, fish-lyby, yyba, bag-fumka, house-tom)
• Omission when the sound is simply not used in speech (rocket-rocket, cat-coca, etc.).

All these disorders can be both due to undeveloped phonemic hearing and due to the fact that a person cannot take the correct articulatory posture.

Unlike dyslalia and dysarthria, takhilalia it is not the sound pronunciation that is disturbed, but the tempo of speech. A person with such a disorder speaks quickly, indistinctly, “swallowing” the ending of words, rearranging syllables in places. This all happens involuntarily, but if the speaker closely follows the speech, then it will approach the norm.

There are several reasons for this problem:

• hereditary factor;
• imitation of the rapid speech of an adult in a child, which is fixed over time and already negatively affects the speech of an adult;
• brain tumors;
• traumatic brain injury, etc.

To eliminate these shortcomings, it is best to seek the help of a speech therapist. Of course, on the Internet you can find a lot of information and videos on eliminating sound pronunciation disorders, but without knowing the causes of the violation, you can either waste time using useless techniques, or even worsen your situation.

The speech therapist will be able to determine the cause of the violation, its type and, of course, develop an individual work plan to overcome the speech problem. If the need arises, a speech therapist may advise you to undergo an examination by other specialists (orthodontist, neurologist, ENT) in order to make the work on eliminating defects more effective. Perhaps, if there are problems with muscle tone, it will be necessary to conduct a course of special speech therapy massage. In addition, with violations of voice, timbre and speech breathing special exercises are also needed, which are selected individually by a speech therapist.

Despite the complexity of the defect and the seeming impossibility of solving the problem, do not despair, work under the guidance of a speech therapist will bear fruit. The main thing to remember is that even a highly qualified specialist will be powerless if the person himself does not make efforts. Yes, correcting sound pronunciation is not an easy task at any age, but everything will definitely work out if you try.

In conclusion, we give examples from life:

Yuri, 20 years old, came for a consultation with complaints about slurred speech. During the diagnostics, a violation of the sounds [w], [l], [r], a violation of speech breathing and voice was revealed. Based on the results of the diagnosis, the speech therapist made an individual work plan and within a year (classes 3 times a week) they completely delivered all the sounds and eliminated other speech shortcomings, of course, the young man was interested in the results and also studied at home.

Xenia is 18 years old. I came for a consultation with a speech therapist after an independent attempt to correct the pronunciation of the sound [r]. During the year, the girl was engaged in video lessons, but did not note success. According to the results of the diagnosis, the speech therapist drew up a work plan, which included speech therapy massage, since the girl had problems with the tone of the muscles of the tongue, after six months of regular classes, the sound was put on.