The belt in the constellation Orion includes three stars. This constellation is located on the equator, and it can be seen throughout Russia.
Stars of Alnitak, Alnilam and Mintaka
In ancient times, not only travelers were guided by these stars, but also ancient temples, in ancient civilizations, and the pyramids on the Giza plateau to this day are a copy of the arrangement of celestial bodies pushed aside on Earth.
The lowest star, of the three, is a star, translated from Arabic means "cloth belt", or "sash". It is the first brightest class O star, located at a distance of 825 light-years from Earth. Alnitak is a blue supergiant and is a triple star system. The mass of the main star Alnitak A is 28 solar, and the radius is 20 times greater than that of the Sun. This blue giant of spectral type O9.7 has a surface temperature of 33,500 Kelvin. The two blue companions of the main star have a brightness of 4 and 10, respectively. The luminosity of Alnikak is 35 thousand times higher than our Sun. The companion of the main star Alnitak B belongs to the class O9.5. It makes a circular revolution around Alnitak A in 1510 years. Alnitak B also has a satellite. Recently (in 1998) Alnitak C, 10th magnitude, was also discovered.
Alnilam
Star Alnilam, a snapshot from the DSS catalog
Belts of Orion and the most distant of them. One of the brightest stars in the sky. This blue supergiant has a mass 40 times greater than our star, and 26 times its size. The luminosity of this star is 375,000 times higher than that of the Sun, and the surface temperature of the star is 25,000 K. There is a huge molecular cloud NGC 1990 around the star, and therefore, its glow is even greater, since light rays can be reflected through this cloud, as if through lens.
Molecular Cloud NGC 1990
The huge stellar wind of the star reaches speeds of several thousand kilometers per hour, which allows the star to lose its mass 20 million times faster than it does on our Sun, and the discharged gas envelops this star in a luminous bright cloud. The name of the star is translated from Arabic as "string of pearls". Distance to Alnilam 1300 St. years. Alnilam will become a red supergiant in the future and explode as a supernova.
Mintaka
Star Mintaka, IR image from the DSS catalog
The last and highest star of the belt, translated from Arabic, means "belt". This star is also, like the other two, a blue supergiant, located at a distance of 900 light years from us (recently it was thought that it was the most distant of them). She has a companion - a white star, and a dim star of the 14th magnitude, and the main component consists of two white stars. All these stars move around a common center of gravity, and periodically outshine each other, which affects the brightness of Mintaka with a difference from 2.26m to 2.14m. Around this star at the beginning of the 20th century. interstellar gas was discovered for the first time.
Large-format composite image of Orion's belt, as well as adjacent nebula complexes: M42, Horsehead, Flame, Witch's Head and others
Orion Nebula
Orion Nebula or M42, composite image
Near the belt of Orion there is a very interesting nebula, which also bears the name of this constellation, a large number of new stars are born there. The distance to this brightest nebula, which is visible to the naked eye from all places on Earth, is about 1350 St. years, she has 35 St. years across. In this nebula, scientists found a protoplanetary disk and a large amount of dust that separates one part of it from another, and in the center of this nebula there are four massive stars, and at the bottom of the stars, which belong to brown dwarfs.
The brightest stars in the constellation Orion
In addition to the belt of Orion and the nebula, this constellation contains very large and very hot stars, such as Belatrix - one of the brightest stars in the sky from class B Rigel, Saif, and the red supergiant Betelgeuse, which, by the way, has lost in recent years its size is more than 15%, which may mean that it will soon explode as a supernova, but given the fact that this star is at a distance of 600 sv from us. years, what we are seeing now actually happened 6 centuries ago, and therefore, when we look and observe the stars and galaxies, we are literally looking into the past.
Journey to the Orion Nebula
Perhaps, Orion is one of the most popular constellations in the starry sky. Interestingly, the region is located on the celestial equator. That is, it refers to the so-called equatorial regions.
Takes 26th place in the list of constellations. As scientists have established, it has an area of \u200b\u200b594 square degrees.
It is worth noting that next to Orion in the sky are the constellations:, Unicorn, Hare, Taurus and Eridanus.
The myth of the constellation Orion
At one time, many believed that the son of Poseidon and Euryale Orion was a hunter. In addition, he was considered the most beautiful man. Therefore, he represents courage.
Of course, there are many different stories about him.
One of them says that the guy fell in love with the seven Pleiades. He pursued them. But Zeus hid the beauties in the sky in the constellation Taurus. Thus, the mythical hunter still strives for them to this day.
According to another version, Orion was in love with the beautiful Merope. But his feelings were not mutual. He tried to take the girl by force. However, her father, King Enopol, blinded him and drove him out of his kingdom. Then the man met the Oracle, who predicted to him that he would see again. To do this, he needs to get east before sunset. Which, according to legend, he did and regained his sight.
History is the truth that becomes a lie. A myth is a lie that becomes the truth.
Jean Cocteau
According to another legend, there lived a hero who fought in the sky with a bull (Taurus).
Although most stories have one thing in common - the death of a character. It is believed that he was killed by a scorpion. It was his bite that became decisive for the hero-hunter. This is probably why Orion sets in the west in the stellar site. As if hiding from.
But there is another well-known myth about Artemis, who fell in love with a beautiful man. However, Apollo was against her rejection of chastity. Then he tricked her into giving her a bow and arrow. And he pointed out the target to hit. What the girl did. But she did not know that she had shot her lover. This is such a sad love story.
Structure of the constellation Orion
In truth, the constellation includes many interesting astronomical objects. Interestingly, we have heard about many of them in one way or another. Let's try to figure out what Orion consists of.
bright stars
As it turned out, the first three luminaries are also the brightest in the region.
Alpha and Beta are quite popular supergiants. But central (alpha) Betelgeuse has a red color. It also applies to invalid variable objects. In fact, it is one of the largest stars. Moreover, it has a luminosity 14 thousand times greater than the Sun. Although it is located at a distance of 650 light years from Earth. Surprisingly, in translation it means a hand, or rather an armpit.
But the Beta-white-blue luminary Rigel. It is located near the equator. And the name means foot. Its luminosity exceeds the solar one by 130 thousand times. Actually, Rigel is the closest bright and powerful star to us. However, as it turned out, it is 860 light years away from Earth.
Gamma - Bellatrix blue and white giant. In addition, one of the hottest and most luminous.
Other stars
Delta - Mintaka is a binary system. And eclipsing and variable.
Epsilon - Alnilam, also called the 46th star. According to scientists, it belongs to hot supergiants. It has a rich blue color.
Zeta - Alnitak and Sigma are multiple star systems. Sigma consists of 5 luminaries.
Kappa - Saif and Lambda are also blue supergiants.
Iota - Nair Al Saif whole system of lights. And for example, Pi is a group of stars, consisting of seven objects.
Phi is actually classified as two systems. One of them is a double star, and the other belongs to the main sequence.
This constellation is a variable binary structure.
Tau is a class B5III star. Chi is a main sequence dwarf that has a faint companion.
Gliese 208 orange dwarf.
V 380 represents a triple collection of stars.
GJ 3379 red dwarf.
asterisms
Apparently, it was in this area that the largest number of asterisms was identified. Of course, they participate in the formation of the constellation figure itself. We can say that these are separate parts of it.
But determines the shape of the plot asterism sheaf. He is also known as Butterfly. It is formed by Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Zeta, Delta and Kappa.
No less famous is Orion's belt. This asterism is also called Three Kings, Three Wise Men, Three Mirias and Rakes. As you can see, it consists of three luminaries: Mintaka, Alnitak and Alnilam.
And here Sword of Orion includes Theta, Iota, 42 Orions and M42 (Great Nebula).
In addition, there is an asterism Shield of Orion. It highlights a combination of six objects in the form of an arc. It is formed by the Pi-group, in which the stars lie at large intervals. Interestingly, in ancient times this area was called turtle shell.
At the same time, in the north side lies the Club of Orion. It is formed by five luminaries: Xi2, Xi1, V, Xi and the 69th star.
Also exists Mirror of Venus. In fact, it consists of similar elements of the Belt. In appearance, it resembles a mirror with a rhombus figure, where the asterism Sword acts as a handle.
However, the same configuration of stars for observers in Australia is seen upside down. Thus the Sword represents the handle, and the rest of the objects the bowl. That's why it was named like that. Pot.
celestial objects
cloud of orion concentrated a group of dark clouds, nebulae, star-forming regions and young stars.
A scattered reflective was identified on the site, which is often called big nebula. It is worth noting that this is one of the areas close to us, where a massive formation of luminaries takes place. In addition, it is part of the constellation Cloud.
Trapeze is a young open cluster. At the moment, it is believed that there are eight luminaries in it. But only five bright ones give illumination around them. Also found another open Cluster 37. The name is directly related to its shape. Because the configuration of the stars resembles this figure.
De Meran Nebula refers to the emission reflective regions. Although it is classified as part of the Great Nebula, it is separated from it by interstellar dust.
In addition, the constellation contains a reflection nebula. Messier 78 and dark.
In addition, an interesting object is Bernard's loop. In fact, this is an emission nebula, which is located in molecular clouds.
At the same time, emission nebulae were discovered in the constellation: Flame, illuminated by Zeta, and monkey head.
Also noteworthy is the reflective Nebula NGC 2023. Interestingly, it is one of the brightest sources of fluorescent molecular hydrogen.
Moreover, the constellation Orion has two meteor showers: the Orionids and the Chi-Orionids.
Observation of the constellation Orion
As astronomers note, the visibility of the constellation ranges from +790 to -670.
In general, it is pleasant to consider that this is an autumn-winter constellation. Although in some areas it can be easily seen from the end of summer. In addition, it is clearly visible from Russia.
The constellation Orion is the door for guests from the Unibrong universe to planet Earth 
02.12.11
The constellation Orion, apparently, is the place from where brothers in mind arrive on Earth, or, more simply, aliens.
The constellation Orion, is the most beautiful of all the observed constellations, is located high enough above the horizon and is clearly visible from December to March. This constellation is distinguished by the extraordinary brightness of the stars located in it and the size of the visible area.
On a moonless and clear night from the earth, you can observe up to 120 stars of this constellation. Particularly noteworthy are the red Betelgeuse and the blue Rigel (these are stars of zero magnitude). Together with two more stars of the second magnitude, they form the geometric figure of the constellation Orion - a large irregular (elongated) quadrangle. In the middle of it are three stars of the second magnitude, forming the "belt" of Orion.
In addition to them, in the constellation of Orion there are ten more stars brighter than the fourth magnitude. However, a great effort of the imagination is needed to see the legendary hunter Orion in this configuration of stars, holding a huge club high with his right hand, with a lion skin thrown over his left hand. On the right shoulder of Orion is the star Betelgeuse, and in the sole of his left foot is Rigel.
Betelgeuse is a supergiant, its diameter is 400 times the diameter of the Sun. The distance from us to this supergiant star is 650 light years.
Rigel is a giant star, its radiation is 23,000 times stronger than that of the Sun. The distance from us to Rigel is 1076 light years.
These are scientific facts, and now let's move on to the mention of this constellation in the ancient world, myths, annals and legends and its connection with the numerous pyramids, which are still amazing ancient structures.
The Hopi Indians believed in gods who came to Earth from the constellation Orion. The modern descendants of this tribe still believe that the gods lived on the star Pi-3 Orion. This planet is terrestrial and is located only 26 light years from earth, which, by scientific standards, is quite an acceptable distance for space travel.
This is how the shamans of the Hopi tribe dress when they portray the gods who visited their tribe in antiquity:
Kachinas - a creature from the Blue Star
The Dogon tribe and the Egyptians also worshiped the gods from the constellation Orion, just like the Mayan tribe. The pyramids of Teotihuacan - the Sun (225 m at the base and 65 m in height) and the Moon (about 150 m at the base and 42 m in height) and the temple of the Mayan god himself - Quetzalcoatl, are located so that it is impossible not to notice their relationship to the stars in Orion's Belt .
Particular importance was attached to this constellation in ancient Egypt. The god Osiris was identified with him - the lord of the kingdom of the dead and the great pyramids of the Giza valley, as follows from the works of R. Bauval and G. Hancock, are nothing more than a projection of the three stars of the Orion belt at the lower point of the precessional movement, that is, in 10500. BC.
The Pyramid of Menkaur, the Pyramid of Khafre, the Pyramid of Khufu - All of them were built before the Flood.
There is a mention of the constellation Orion and the biblical book of Job. The three stars of Orion's belt are often found under such names as the Three Magicians, the Three Magi, the Staff of Jacob.
In Central Asia, on the territory of Mongolia, Tuva, Altai, the symbolism of Orion is well known - these are three parallel lines in the upper part of most deer stones.
On the territory of Gorny Altai, images of the constellation Orion can be found in Kara-Oyuk, also known as Chaganka. The place is located in the Kosh-Agachsky district of the Republic of Gorny Altai, 10 km from the village of Beltyr.
The word Orion itself is translated as the guardian of the limit, border, etc.
The threshold role of Orion is also confirmed by the discovery of R. Bauval in the study of the astral cults of Ancient Egypt. Exploring the ventilation shafts of the great pyramid of Giza, Bauval came to the conclusion that they were precisely aimed at certain stars in the night sky, including Orion. But he went further, drawing attention to the specific topography of the placement of the three Great Pyramids on the surface of the Earth, and put forward his theory of their correlation with the three stars of Orion's belt.
Using the astronomical computer programs Sky Globe (Celestial Sphere) and Red Shift (Redshift) it was possible to simulate the precession cycle in order to establish exactly when the stars of Orion corresponded to their pyramidal counterparts on Earth. It is quite possible to do this, since the interval of the precessional shift of the earth's axis relative to the celestial sphere has never changed over many thousands of years. Every 72 years there is a shift of 1 degree. Thus, for 2160 years the Sun is strictly in one constellation, gradually passing through all of them (a full circle of 12) in 25920 years.
R. Bauval found that during the precessional cycle, three stars of Orion's Belt slide up and down the meridian: 13,000 years up (that is, they gain height above the horizon at the time of passing the meridian) and 13,000 years down (that is, they lose height above the horizon when passing the meridian ). The lowest point of this cycle falls on 10500 BC, and the highest point will be observed somewhere after 2000 AD.
The computer program showed that it was in 10500 BC. the three stars of Orion's belt corresponded exactly to the three pyramids of the Giza valley. This date is confirmed by the famous Sphinx of the Giza Valley. It looks directly to the east, where the sun rises. On the day of the spring equinox 10500 BC. it rose in the constellation Leo.
The extreme point of the precessional movement of the constellation Orion unambiguously coincides with the period of global climate change on Earth. At this time, there is a mass death of mammoths and other animals. The level of the world's oceans is rising, which affected the flooding of some parts of the land and, as a result, gave rise to numerous legends and tales of the Flood. Esoteric tradition connects with this period the disappearance of the island of Atlantis. By the way, at one time Academician Obruchev V.A. He considered the disappearance of Atlantis to be the cause of global warming, which, by its absence, allowed the warm waters of the Gulf Stream to penetrate into the Arctic Ocean.
Thus, the constellation Orion, with its movement, marked the Sunset, the end of an entire era in the history of the Earth. Orion became the guardian of the threshold separating one period of time from another. In fact, Orion is a mediator between, relatively speaking, the past and the future, the kingdom of shadows and the world of the living.
"Eye of God" in the constellation Orion
Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Roerich painting "The Holy Casket" (1928)
Nicholas Roerich and Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Roerich wrote four works each, the plot of which somehow included the Casket. In their painting, it symbolizes a unique world relic - the sacred Chintamani Stone. This Stone, under various names, is known in the secret traditions of almost all peoples. Suffice it to say that the rich literature on the Grail is directly related to the appearance of this Stone.
What is this Stone, called "Treasure of the World"? According to the Legend, the birthplace of the Stone is the constellation Orion, connected in a special way with our planet. In 1923, astronomers recorded the so-called pink rays in this constellation. In the same 1923, the Stone fell into the hands of the Roerichs, and since then they have become bearers of a special Testament, fulfilling the instructions of the Brotherhood of Teachers of Humanity, promoting the evolution of the planet.
In very ancient times, the Stone from Orion served as the foundation of the Great Community of Light on Earth, which received the name Shambhala in the East. Since then, the main body of the Stone has been kept in this Brotherhood, and its fragment is sent to the world. The cosmoplanetary connection of the distant constellation Orion, the Stone in the Brotherhood of Light and a fragment of this Stone, wandering around the world, begins to activate at certain times, and then great historical shifts take place.
Why is the ancient legend about the stone connected with the concept of Shambhala? Is he reality? Such questions were asked by more than one generation of people fascinated by the mysteries of history. Serious answers to them can be found only in the books of H. P. Blavatsky and the Roerichs, which are parts of a single teaching transmitted to mankind by the spiritual Teachers of the East. “Throughout the history of mankind, this belief in the Holy Stone, which guards the country in which He is located, runs. The Brotherhood of the Grail keeps the Stone sent from Orion, and it was received by the Great Teacher Jason, who laid It at the foundation of the Fraternal Community. The Stone itself is kept in the Community, but fragments of It are sent to the world to accompany great events,” says one of Helena Roerich's letters.
According to the Slavic tradition, the constellations of Orion and Eridan are a single constellation of Yarila, who fights with the snake of the god Siva Lamia. I note that the Christians replaced Yar with Saint Yuri, or Egor. And songs about him began to be performed during the celebrations of the ancient Yarilin days (in autumn and spring). The constellation of Orion is located on the border of the constellations of Gemini and Taurus. Orion is adjacent to the constellation Taurus, or the Bull, Tura. Because the sacred animal of Yarila was Tur. Tour in Russia has always been a symbol of rage, strength and courage. Bui-Tour - this is how the Russians called the great warriors.
All-seeing eye
UFOs, the appearance of which is recorded on video and photo materials, are, in my opinion, guests from the Unibrongi parallel universe, the door to which is located in the constellation Orion.
Unibronga is a universe parallel to us, located in a different dimension. This universe is older than ours, more developed and powerful. It is also three dimensional. It is connected with ours through the stars of the constellation "Orion", which came from Unibronga.
The bases used are the Sun and the Moon.
1. NEUROLETs. Medusa forms. They use the energy of topological self-closing of higher and lower forms of matter organization.
2. HOLIDAYS. Self-teleporting humanoid forms.
3. ENDOLETS. They mimic technical forms. Sanitary ships Unibrongi. They use the energy of the regenerative memory of systems that have entered the entropy state.
4. MNEMALES. Chains of lights in the sky. Use the energy of anamnesis. (ontological recall). They ensure the preservation of information in space.
5. NOOLETS. Anomalies of the magnetosphere. Systems blocking chaosogenic radiations of the Earth's noosphere in Space.
6. CREALETs. Pear-shaped or drop-shaped. Systems that control evolution.
7. PLASMOIDS. Energy forms that control all processes occurring on Earth, smoothing and minimizing the damage caused to the planet. They also control the state of the psi-field, the aura.
The visits are permanent, because they are necessary to regulate the activity of our planet and the space associated with it in the general unified activity of the Universe.
All-seeing eye
Since our Earth is a large "cell" of a single organism, special attention is paid to it. Shambhala and the Orions are treating her. But since Since the spiritual illness of earthly mankind has assumed severe and threatening forms, attention to us, which intensified during the Second World War, has increased in recent years with a particularly noticeable intensity everywhere.
Why from the constellation Orion? The answer was more than clear:
Video speed slowed down by 4 times
The flight path of one of the plasmoids looks like this:
الجوزي
al-jawza
Orion constellation
The word "Betelgeuse" is of Arabic origin. The history of its origin is not completely clear, but all experts agree that the second part of this word “elgeize” comes from the Arabic “al-jawza” (الجوزاء), this is what the entire constellation of Orion was called in ancient times, this name was borne by the heroine of one of old Arabic tales.
The number of individual contacts with "humanoids" is increasing. Contact on a more or less global scale is, unfortunately, still impossible, due to the unpreparedness of earthly humanity as a whole.
(Orion)
"Visible under the paw of Taurus Orion, drawn obliquely.
We do not find this constellation by the nearest star,
And by the brilliant lights with which it is all dotted:
The head shines, on the shoulders of the mighty, the belt blazes,
The sheath with the sword glows, and the nimble legs glow"
Arat from Sol "Apparitions", 3rd century BC
"Astronomy is currently not a compulsory subject at school and is taught as an elective... Therefore, I hope someone will be interested in the constellation of Orion in pictures, myths and diagrams.
Seosnews9, 2015
Orion is the oldest constellation: the earliest known image of it, carved on a mammoth tusk, is between 32,000 and 36,000 years old!
The equatorial constellation Orion, for the most part, is still in the Northern Hemisphere and is the seventeenth largest constellation in the angular area of the Northern Sky, and among all the constellations of the celestial sphere (skysphere) Orion takes 26th place (594 square degrees), after the constellation Cassiopeia.
Orion directly borders on five constellations, these are: Gemini; Taurus; Eridanus; Hare; The unicorn is a group-forming constellation. The group of constellations of Orion was singled out by Donald Menzel - the constellations in it are mainly united based on the classical myths about Orion and on the principle of neighborhood.
Orion in Russia is a setting, fully visible constellation (declination -11° to +22.8°). In the midnight climax, the constellation Orion occurs at the beginning of winter - almost all of December. Available for observation from early autumn to early spring.
Stars and diagram of the constellation Orion
The unique set of the brightest stars of Orion makes it recognizable at first sight - this is the third self-recognizable constellation of the Northern sky.
In a constellation that is not the largest in terms of area, two stars of the first magnitude are located: white-blue Rigel(β Ori; 0.18 m) and a red giant Betelgeuse(α Ori; 0.45 m), three stars second: Bellatrix(γ Ori; 1.64m); Alnilam
(ε Ori; 1.69m); Alnitak
(ζ Ori; 1.74 m) and three third magnitudes: Saif (κ Ori; 2.07 m); Mintaka
(δ Ori; 2.25m); Hatsia (ι Ori; 2.75 m). All these stars are elevated to the rank of navigational stars.
The boundaries of the constellation and most of the visible stars are shown in Figure 1 - a view of the constellation Orion at the time of culmination (as it is now customary to represent constellations in astronomy):
Sergey Ov
Rice. one. Constellation Orion. Names of the brightest stars.
The constellation of Orion includes seven more stars with the brightness of the fourth magnitude, but only three of them received their own names: Tabit(π 3 Ori; 3.19 m) - on the shield of Orion; Ensisη Ori; 3.35 m) - on the hilt of the sword of Orion and Meissa(λ Ori A; 3.39 m) - on the head of Orion, also in the area of \u200b\u200bthe face were named two stars of the fifth magnitude Khad Prior (φ 1 Ori; 4.39 m) and Khad Posterior (φ 2 Ori; 4.09 m).
In total, in the constellation of Orion, within the framework of the European-Middle Eastern tradition, fourteen stars received names.
In the constellation of Orion, the two brightest stars deserve special consideration:
- Betelgeuse, α Ori
Usually the second brightest star of Orion, being a semi-regular variable, sometimes becomes the first, with a frequency of 400 days. Betelgeuse has several other outstanding characteristics: bolometrically, in terms of the energy level of electromagnetic radiation in all ranges, it is the most powerful star in terms of luminosity in our starry sky, however, most of its radiation falls on the infrared part of the spectrum; with a mass not exceeding even 20 times the mass of the Sun, exceeds it 1000 times in diameter (the surface of the chromosphere exceeds the orbit of Jupiter), and in luminosity exceeds the solar average in 120000
once!
Betelgeuse is now only 8 or 9 million years old, but due to its large mass, thermonuclear processes in it are extremely violent, and compared to the Sun, its life looks like the life of a one-day butterfly. According to scientists, the star is going through the final stage of the phase red supergiant and in the next million years, it will either shed its gaseous shells and turn into a white dwarf, or it will explode as a supernova. Don't worry, it's not much of a threat to the Earth, since the distance to Betelgeuse 640 light years. True, in the case of a supernova, for some time it will glow in much the same way as the Moon and will be visible both day and night ...
This giant star has attracted the attention of astronomers for more than three centuries. Edmond Halley compared the angular distances between Arcturus (α Bootes), Betelgeuse (α Orion) and Sirius (α Canis Major), presented in the Ptolemy catalog, with the results of his own measurements over several years and in 1718 published the conclusion that the angular distances between these stars change over time. Thus, the proper motion of "fixed" stars was discovered for the first time. This discovery finally dispelled the myth of "the firmament of heaven."
It was Betelgeuse that turned out to be the first distant star in which the angular diameter of the photosphere was measured, which amounted to a value of the order of 0.05 arc seconds with an accuracy of ± 10%, further measurements puzzled scientists, because the size of the star’s photosphere decreased by 15% in almost a century without visible changes in its characteristics. shine. The assumption of a rapid change in the size of the aging star led some interpreters to think that she was about to perform her bright swan song. True, Betelgeuse still answers: "DO NOT wait" ...
- Rigel,β Ori, name from Arabic rigi el jabbar (giant's foot)
The first brightest star in Orion, a variable of type α Cygnus, the blue supergiant Rigel is a younger analogue of Betelgeuse. Rigel has already passed the stage of a red hydrogen giant and the reaction of gel nuclear fusion has begun in its depths, while closer to the surface the "burning out" of hydrogen continues, while the brightness temperature is 12130 K and the peak of the radiation energy is close to the visible range of the spectrum. Therefore, at a slightly lower luminosity than that of Betelgeuse, it looks brighter, despite the fact that it is farther from us (distance about 860 light years).
The closest nebula visually to Rigel is IC 2118, called the Wizard's Face. " (more often "Head of the Witch", in the catalogs NGC 1909, IC 2118), glows with diffused blue Rigel light. This nebula, within the framework of the constellation scheme proposed in this article, plays the role of Orion's blue blood flowing from the lower leg after the bite of Scorpio.
Blue supergiants are, as a rule, young stars with an age of no more than 10 million years and in our aging galaxy (13 billion years) a large, but very noticeable rarity.
Generally speaking, blue supergiants with age can turn into red supergiants and back into blue, periodic stages of thermal loosening and subsequent gravitational contraction. This phenomenon was discovered due to the stellar wind: for red giants, the flow of outgoing particles is relatively slow, but dense, from blue giants, the flow is rarefied, but the particles fly out at high speed. If a red giant turns into a blue one, then the particles emitted by it overtake the slower particles of the previous stage, and a spherical compaction is created. So, just such a seal was found around Rigel.
Among the most famous sights of the constellation visible to the naked eye is the Great Nebula of Orion, which actually includes two Messier objects M42 and M43.
Orion Nebula (Messier 42) and the de Meran Nebula ( Messier 43)
Messier 42 and Messier 43 are a single luminous emission nebula, partially covered by an opaque dust cloud, which, in turn, is part of the huge gas-dust Orion Cloud, occupying an area with boundaries from 1300 to 1380 light years. In the brightest region of the nebula is the Trapezius star cluster, in which star formation processes take place. (Clusters of protostars have already been discovered at present) and there are powerful sources of emitting radiation.
It is worth noting that the Orion Nebula, which is clearly visible to the naked eye, was discovered only in 1610. None of the ancient astronomers, neither Potolemy nor even As-Sufi even mention this nebula. Perhaps the emission glow began quite recently and the Trapezium star cluster will glow brighter and brighter.
In addition, within the constellation of Orion is the radiant of a meteor shower called Orionids, which has a maximum flux density of up to 15 meteors per hour, falling on October 21, the period of passage of the entire stream lasts more than a month from October 2 to November 7 - this stream is the trail of the famous Halley's comet.
A list of more than 200 Orion stars, their sights and features can be found by calling the list:
When creating an outline drawing of the Orion constellation, as always, you have to solve two problems: firstly, the image should, if possible, correspond to the name, and secondly, occupy as much of the area as possible within the boundaries of the constellation.
In our case, to get the historical image of the hero-hunter Orion, the constellation can be left in the generally accepted climax position.
Almost all of the brightest stars are used to build the version of the outline drawing of the constellation Orion "Hero-hunter with a club, shield and sword" proposed here up to magnitude 5(fig.2) :
Sergey Ov
Rice. 2. Diagram of the constellation Orion. Star chart (outline image) of a hunter warrior with club, sword and shield. - To see the symbols of the stars, move the cursor over the picture with JavaScript enabled.
In South America, South Africa, Australia and Oceania, the constellation of Orion is visible in the northern part of the sky and turned upside down, it is difficult to imagine a hunter hero in this position, but in this place you can build a schematic drawing of the Arkhara mountain sheep (Fig. 3 ).
True, real argali are not found in these parts, but now one heavenly argali will live, it can be easily seen in autumn and winter anywhere in the southern hemisphere of the Earth:
Orion constellation, Orion constellation diagram
Sergey Ov
Rice. 3. Diagram of the constellation Orion as seen from the Southern Hemisphere. Argali, mountain sheep - chart by stars (outline image). To see the designations of the stars, move the cursor over the picture with JavaScript enabled.
Orion is the first constellation from my childhood that I could picture in its entirety. No, I already knew how to find Ursa Major and Cassiopeia, but the view of the constellations was limited to views of the "Big Dipper" and "Heavenly Letter M". The imaginary drawing of Orion occupied the entire constellation and even borrowed one star from neighboring Eridanus. In place of the constellation, I imagined either a warrior with a shield and a sword (Fig. 4. 1), or a warrior shooting from a bow.
Rice. 4. Schemes of the constellation Orion - contour images: 1. Orion warrior-hunter with a club and a shield (from childhood); 2. Running Herald-Messenger of the gods; 3. Orion with a club, sword and shield (H.A. Rey) and the classic image of Orion (4) .
This image can be controlled using the buttons:
1. Orion of my childhood - 2. Messenger of the Gods - 3. Orion diagram by H. Ray
4. Classic Orion scheme
Bayer designations of stars
The very first written mention of the constellation Orion in history is associated with the Sumerian deity of the "second rank" Ninshubur, who was considered the messenger of the supreme deity Anu. Perhaps the Sumerians imagined him as he is depicted in Figure 4.2.
After the final approval of the boundaries and the list of constellations by the astronomical union in 1922, the main task of star charts, according to the publishers, turned out to be the correct display of the boundaries of the constellations and the location of the brightest stars, and the schematic images within the constellations are limited to connecting the lines of the brightest stars, the most obtained with this approach. An interesting image of Orion is presented in Figure 4.4, in these contours, at best, you can imagine a cyber-soldier or cyber-cop, at worst, a pot with handles and legs. Hans Augusto Rey was the first to take up the elimination of such shortcomings of the maps. His version of the contour image of Orion is shown in Fig. 4.3.
I believe that the illustration presented only demonstrates the presence of many possibilities for constructing constellation diagrams.
Asterisms of Orion
The simplest and most unique asterism in the starry sky of planet Earth, consisting of three bright stars in a line, is located in the constellation Orion. It is most likely that this asterism is also the most ancient (at least within the constellation of Orion), now it is called the "Belt of Orion", but since the most ancient times it has been awarded a huge collection of names from "Three Warriors" to "Three Deers" .
Specially for preschoolers and primary school students, two "appearing" schematic drawings of the asterisms of the constellation Orion have been prepared, which, as it were, are nested one into the other - these are images of Orion's personal weapons and, separately, a close-up of the "Orion's Belt". Because of the unique belonging of these items to the hunter-hero Orion, they are called attributes of Orion (Fig. 5).
Sergey Ov
Rice. 5. Attributes of Orion - asterisms based on ancient Greek myths about the hero-hunter Orion.
In order for the images of Orion's attributes to appear in Figure 5, move the cursor to the image field to see Orion's Belt in close-up, move the cursor over the schematic image of the attribute.
id="school">
Another ancient asterism, most likely of Egyptian origin, is the Sheaf asterism (Fig. 6). The ancient Romans, against the background of the stars of Orion, saw the Mirror of Venus, and in our time, one acquaintance of the preferans found an ace of diamonds in the constellation of Orion:
Rice. 6. Asterisms of the constellation Orion with schematic representations of a sheaf, a mirror and playing card...
To stop the image, click on the corresponding button:
1. "Sheaf" 2. "Mirror of Venus" 3. Playing card "Ace"
Bayer designations of stars
The constellation of Orion also acts as the founder of the seasonal asterism. Betelgeuse(α Orion; 0.45 m), is one of the peaks Winter Triangle(Fig. 9), within the boundaries of which four constellations fall: Orion; Unicorn, Canis Major and Canis Minor.
The other peaks of the Winter Triangle are Sirius (α Canis Major, -1.45 m) and Procyon (α Minor Canis, 0.40 m).
Rice. 7. Seasonal asterism Winter triangle, almost equilateral geometric figure.
The winter triangle is much more compact than the summer one and appears in the southern part of the sky from the beginning of autumn to early spring every night, in the autumn in the morning, and by spring in the evening.
After all the schematic contours, asterisms and the brightest stars of Orion have been studied to complete visual memorization, you can begin to search for the constellation directly in the starry sky.
The constellation of Orion at the latitude of Moscow can be observed in the early morning hours already at the very beginning of autumn. Its appearance from behind the horizon can be predicted using the lines of sight from the Big Dipper and Cassiopeia (Fig. 8). In my opinion, sighting from the Big Dipper gives a more reliable result.
In general, the constellation Orion is so well recognizable that it is enough to find it among the stars at least once, after which you will unmistakably recognize it by a strip of three white-blue stars of Orion's Belt. In order to find the constellation Orion, you can also use Figure 8.
Rice. eight. How to find the constellation Orion using the stars Ursa Major and Cassiopeia? It is necessary to mentally draw a line through Benetnash and Merak, the stars of Ursa Major, - thus, we will find the star of the left shoulder of Orion Bellatrix. The line Kaf - Akhird will first pass near Aldebaran, then Orion's belt and lead to Saifu that is at the feet of the hunter.
The constellation of Orion can also be found using the Moon. Until 2020, the Moon will look into the constellation Orion every month to get a better look at his club. And in the next 8 years it will pass over it at the moment of transition from the constellation of Taurus to the constellation of Gemini. A graph of the movement of the Moon through the constellations can be found on the page.
Now it remains only to correctly determine the angular dimensions of the constellation Orion. In figure 6, the constellation is shown in a vertical position, as it can be seen overhead on a winter evening, turning to the south or southwest.
Rice. nine. Estimation of the angular size of the constellation Orion using an outstretched hand.
The largest angular distance between the brightest stars in Orion is the distance from Betelgeuse before Rigel, which is 20°. The angular distance between the thumb and forefinger of the outstretched hand of a person of normal build is 16-18 ° (regardless of gender and age from 7 years old), so the star of Orion against the background of the outstretched hand will look approximately as shown in Figure 9.
Galactic Arm of Orion
The vast collection of the brightest stars in the constellation Orion is no accident. The fact is that it is within the boundaries of Orion in the Milky Way that the closest elongated star cluster to us is located, the very arm of the galaxy in which our Sun and our planet Earth are located (Fig. 10).
Rice. ten. Milky Way galaxy, computer model
(for a detailed study of the image, click on it)
If we look closely at the enlarged image of the galaxy and compare it with the brightest part of the Milky Way in the constellation Orion, we can understand that when we look at the center of the constellation, our gaze is directed along the axis of the outer part of our galactic arm. That is why the sleeve was given the name of Orion. The axis of our sleeve directed inward of the galaxy is in the constellation Cygnus, so sometimes you can also find such a name: Orion's Sleeve - Cygnus.
Orion as an equatorial constellation
There is such a saying: "The position obliges", it can be fully attributed to the constellation Orion.
Since the celestial equator actually passes through the visual center of the constellation (near Orion's Belt, Fig. 1 and Fig. 8), and the largest declination value of 22.8 ° of its boundaries does not exceed the tilt angle of the earth's axis (23.44 °), then Orion is completely can be seen from anywhere in the world, though not at any time, but this no longer affects the truth of this statement - whoever wants to see will wait and see.
Thus, the constellation of Orion may be familiar firsthand to all people on planet Earth. True, residents of the middle and high latitudes of the southern hemisphere can see Orion only at the northern horizon and upside down - it is easiest for them to imagine the image of Arkhar - Mountain Sheep in this place (Fig. 3).
History and mythology of the constellation Orion
Perhaps Orion is the most ancient constellation passing through the centuries in an almost unchanged form.
In 1978 in Germany in a cave Geisenklesterle a small (3.8 × 1.4 cm) bone gem from a mammoth tusk was found depicting a male figure in the characteristic pose of Orion and with 84 mysterious notches on the reverse side. The age of this plate is estimated to be between 32,000 and 36,000 years old.
The North Pole of the World at that time could be either in the constellation of Hercules or in the constellation of Lyra, and Orion could appear above the horizon for a very short period of time. The hypothesis is quite acceptable that 84 days is a period of time when, for example, Betelgeuse was visible in the night sky. An enlarged image of the ancient find is shown in Figure 11, and you can draw a conclusion about the degree of reliability of the hypothesis that this is the oldest image of the constellation Orion for yourself.
Rice. eleven. The relief image of the figure of a man, on a plate of mammoth tusk, presumably, the image of the constellation Orion - this is indicated by the characteristic position of the arms and legs, the intentional image of one leg is shorter than the other, as well as the relief drawing of the sword.
The first reliable and universally recognized written mention of a section of the starry sky, now belonging to the constellation Orion, dates back almost to the middle of the second millennium BC, to the clay cuneiform tablets MUL.APIN, called the compendium of Sumero-Akkadian astronomy.
According to Sumerian mythology, the stars of modern Orion are within the so-called Path of Anu - the heavenly domain of the "father of the gods", who is mainly engaged in heavenly affairs related to the gods, he is indifferent to the affairs of people, he is above all this. It was useless to ask this god for anything to mere mortals, so people worshiped his sons Enki and Enlil.
The cuneiform designation of the constellation Orion was transliterated by historians-archaeologists as mul.SIPA.ZI.AN.NA and defined its meaning as "Shepherd of heaven" or "True shepherd of Anu", apparently, the title of the position of the chief vizier of Anu - Ninshubura, the messenger of the supreme deity and the keeper of his third symbol of power - the Staff (Fig. 11). Here, it is worth noting that it was from the Sumerians that three symbols of power came to us: the crown, the scepter and the staff.
Rice. 12. Ninshubur vizier Ana is the messenger of the gods, able to catch up with the ostrich.
Among the ancient Egyptians, the southern part of the constellation Orion belonged to the constellation, which was the image first, by analogy with the Sumerians, of the Father of the Gods - Sakha, and then Osiris (three stars of Orion's Belt denoted the crown). The brightest star Sirius closest to Orion belonged to the wife of Osiris - Isina. Osiris, the ancient Egyptian prototype of Orion, in the nearest stellar environment is shown in Fig.13.
Rice. thirteen. Osiris, Isis and the Sacred Bull (Apis). Fragment of the ceiling painting of the Temple of Hathor (1st century BC).
The ancient Greeks perceived the starry sky as a kind of picture, fraught with the secrets of the universe, in which the stars play the role of colors. The constellation of Orion in their view was part of the stellar mythological canvas, directly associated with the hero-hunter. The components of this canvas just form the modern group of constellations Orion. (Fig. 16)
The first references to Orion that have come down to us are in the poems of Homer. Moreover, the poet in a close way mentions the Big Dipper and Orion both in the Iliad and in the Odyssey, for an example I will give the last option:
Vigilantly Pleiades he watched the late sunset of Bootes,
Also the Bear - the one that is also called the Carriage.
She walks in the sky, and furtively follows Orion,
And only one is not involved in swimming in the waves of the Ocean.
Homer, Odyssey, Canto Fifth, 8th century BC
Literally a century later, Hesiod in his agricultural poem "Works and Days", gives a clear example of how the ancient Greeks, using the constellation Orion, determined the timing of field work:
597-599:
As soon as the Orion force begins to rise, the workers
Immediately they ordered to thresh the sacred grains of Demeter
On a rounded and even current, not closed from the wind.
...
615-617:
After the Pleiades, the Hyades and the power of Orion
They will stand in the west - remember that the time of sowing has come.
This is how the field work is divided throughout the year.
Hesiod, "Works and Days", 597 - 617, 7th century BC
The mythology associated with Orion is confusing and contradictory, so it will be appropriate to recall and continue our founding myth of the Pleiades, Orion, Taurus and Scorpio.
MYTH: Passionate hunter Orion noticed in the distance the daughters of the sea god Poseidon Pleiades, for some reason traveling overland, and decided to catch up with them. But since, he chased the young beauties in full armor (with a club), they, doubting the good intentions of the pursuer, asked for help from their father. Poseidon, not being able to get out on land and solve all the issues personally, sent to deal with the problem of Scorpio. Orion would have managed to catch up with the Pleiades, but the huge bull Taurus blocked his path. This is where Scorpio comes in. The insidious arachnid immediately struck the unsuspecting hunter with its huge sting in the leg. Orion also did not remain in debt - he hit Scorpio with a club so that he flew off to the far edge of heaven.
Meanwhile, Taurus also made his huge horns into a fighting position. Orion, not noticing that blood was flowing from his wounded leg, prepared to meet the bull with a Shield and a Cudgel.
At this impressive moment, Zeus caught them, the picture he saw impressed him so much that he decided to immortalize it in heaven. The current blue blood of Orion (if you look closely, you can see it on a clear night - this is the "Magician" nebula, IC 2118), became the source of the Eridanus River.
(the location of the characters in the starry sky undoubtedly confirms the authenticity of this story).
Claudius Ptolemy in the second century AD, in the star catalog of the famous Almagest, describes Orion as a giant warrior with a club in his right hand and a lion's skin in his left, while referring Rigel to both Orion and Eridan: "A bright star at the end of the left foot, in common with water."
Persian astronomer al-Sufi (Abu-l-Hussein Abdurrahman ibn Umar as-Sufi) in his Book of Fixed Stars, he presents a slightly different image from the Ptolemaic one: he depicts a hunter or a shepherd with a short hunting sword with a tip bent back - probably, this is already an effect of Arab pastoral influence (Fig. 14).
Rice. fourteen. The constellation Orion in the "Book of Fixed Stars" by al-Sufi (Al Sufi. Book of the constellations, or fixed stars. - Bodleian copy: Suwar al-Kawakib al-Thabitah (Book of fixed Stars) - copy written by as-Sufi's son in 1009 in Iran).
Jan Hevelius, in his atlas "Uranography" (published in 1690), creating the image of Orion, tries to quite accurately enter the figure of the hero in the field of the stars listed in Ptolemy's catalog. In the collage brought to your attention, the image of Orion is a mirror image of the original, created in the projection of the "divine gaze". Since the hero, according to the author's plan, is turned to face the Earth, which should be inside the celestial globe, then in our reflected picture the club is not in the right, but in the left hand, and a new beast appears in the neighborhood - the Unicorn:
Rice. fifteen. The constellation Orion - a collage based on a drawing in the atlas of Jan Hevelius (only those stars that were listed by Hevelius himself in the atlas are highlighted)
Sergey Ov(seosnews9)
List of notable and visible stars in the constellation Orion
| Star designation | Bayer sign | Hipparcos number | right ascension | declination | magnitude | Distance, St. year |
Spectral class | Star name and notes |
| β Orionis | β Ori | 24436 | 05 h 14 m 32.27 s | −08° 12′ 05.9″ | 0,18 | 900 | B8Ia | Rigel, Algebar (Rigel - IAU), the 6th brightest star in the sky, a triple star, a variable of the Alpha Cygnus type. |
| α Orionis | α Ori | 27989 | 05 h 55 m 10.29 s | +07° 24′ 25.3″ | 0,45 | 427 | M2Ib | Betelgeuse, Al-Mankib (Betelgeuse - IAU); 10th brightest star in the sky, variable star |
| γ Orion | γ Ori | 25336 | 05 h 25 m 07.87 c | +06° 20′ 59.0″ | 1,64 | 243 | B2III | Bellatrix (Bellatrix - IAU) |
| ε Orion | ε Ori | 26311 | 05 h 36 m 12.81 s | −01° 12′ 06.9″ | 1,69 | 1342 | B0Ia | Alnilam (Alnilam - IAU) |
| ζ Orion A | ζ Ori A | 26727 | 05h 40m 45.52s | −01° 56′ 33.3″ | 1,74 | 817 | O9.5Ib SB | Alnitak, Alnitah (Alnitak - IAU) |
| κ Orion | κ Ori | 27366 | 05h 47m 45.39s | −09° 40′ 10.6″ | 2,07 | 721 | B0.5Iavar | Saif (Saiph - IAU) |
| δ Orion A | δ Ori A | 25930 | 05h 32m 00.40s | −00° 17′ 56.7″ | 2,25 | 916 | O9.5II | Mintaka, Mintika (Mintaka - IAU) |
| ι Orion | ι Ori | 26241 | 05h 35m 25.98s | −05° 54′ 35.6″ | 2,75 | 1325 | O9III | Hatsiya, Nair Al Saif, Hatisa (Hatсya, Hatysa, Na "ir al Saif) |
| π3 Orionis | π3 Ori | 22449 | 04 h 49 m 50.14 s | +06° 57′ 40.5″ | 3,19 | 26 | F6V | Tabit (Tabit, Hassaleh); nearest star |
| η Orion | η Ori | 25281 | 05 h 24 m 28.62 s | −02° 23′ 49.7″ | 3,35 | 901 | B1V + B2 | Ensis, Saif Al Jabbar, Algeiba (Saïf al Jabbar, Algiebba, Ensis), Cepheus β type variable |
| λ Orion A | λ Ori A | 26207 | 05h 35m 08.28s | +09° 56′ 03.0″ | 3,39 | 1055 | O8III | Meissa, Heka (Meissa - IAU) |
| τ Orion | τ Ori | 24674 | 05 h 17 m 36.40 s | −06° 50′ 39.8″ | 3,59 | 554 | B5III | |
| π4 Orionis | π4 Ori | 22549 | 04 h 51 m 12.37 s | +05° 36′ 18.4″ | 3,68 | 1259 | B2III SB | |
| π5 Orionis | π5 Ori | 22797 | 04 h 54 m 15.10 c | +02° 26′ 26.4″ | 3,71 | 1342 | B2III SB | |
| σ Orion A | σ Ori A | 26549 | 05 h 38 m 44.77 s | −02° 36′ 00.2″ | 3,77 | 1148 | O9.5V… | quadruple star |
| ο2 Orionis | ο2 Ori | 22957 | 04 h 56 m 22.32 s | +13° 30′ 52.5″ | 4,06 | 169 | K2III | |
| φ2 of Orion | φ2 Ori | 26366 | 05h 36m 54.33s | +09° 17′ 29.1″ | 4,09 | 116 | G8III-IV | Khad Posterior |
| μ Orionis | μ Ori | 28614 | 06 h 02 m 22.99 s | +09° 38′ 50.5″ | 4,12 | 152 | Am… | |
| 29 Orion | 29 | 25247 | 05 h 23 m 56.84 s | −07° 48′ 28.6″ | 4,13 | 174 | G8III | |
| 32 Orion | 32 | 25813 | 05 h 30 m 47.05 s | +05° 56′ 53.6″ | 4,2 | 288 | B5V | |
| ζ Orion B | ζ Ori B | 26727 | 05h 40m 45.60s | −01° 56′ 34.0″ | 4,21 | 817 | O9.7Ib | Alnitak B |
| π² of Orion | π2 Ori | 22509 | 04 h 50 m 36.72 s | +08° 54′ 00.9″ | 4,35 | 194 | A1Vn | |
| φ1 of Orion | φ1 Ori | 26176 | 05h 34m 49.24s | +09° 29′ 22.5″ | 4,39 | 985 | B0IV… | Khad Prior |
| χ1 Orionis | χ1 Ori | 27913 | 05 h 54 m 23.08 c | +20° 16′ 35.1″ | 4,39 | 28 | G0V | |
| ν Orion | ν Ori | 29038 | 06 h 07 m 34.32 s | +14° 46′ 06.7″ | 4,42 | 534 | B3IV | |
| ξ Orion | ξ Ori | 29426 | 06 h 11 m 56.40 s | +14° 12′ 31.7″ | 4,45 | 634 | B3IV | |
| ρ Orion | ρ Ori | 24331 | 05 h 13 m 17.48 c | +02° 51′ 40.5″ | 4,46 | 344 | K3III… | |
| π6 Orion | π6 Ori | 23123 | 04 h 58 m 32.90 s | +01° 42′ 50.5″ | 4,47 | 953 | K2IIvar | |
| ω of Orion | ω Ori | 26594 | 05 h 39 m 11.15 s | +04° 07′ 17.3″ | 4,50 | 1622 | B3IIIe | shell star |
| HD 40657 | 28413 | 06 h 00 m 03.35 s | −03° 04′ 26.7″ | 4,53 | 420 | K2IIIvar | ||
| 42 Orion | 42 | 26237 | 05h 35m 23.16s | −04° 50′ 18.0″ | 4,58 | 786 | B2III... | |
| ψ2 Orionis | ψ Ori | 25473 | 05 h 26 m 50.23 s | +03° 05′ 44.4″ | 4,59 | 1417 | B2IV | β Cephei type variable |
| υ Orion | υ Ori | 25923 | 05h 31m 55.86s | −07° 18′ 05.5″ | 4,62 | 1545 | B0V | Thabit (Thabit, Tabit) |
| π1 of Orion | π1 Ori | 22845 | 04 h 54 m 53.70 s | +10° 09′ 04.1″ | 4,64 | 121 | A0V | |
| χ2 Orionis | χ2 Ori | 28716 | 06 h 03 m 55.18 s | +20° 08′ 18.5″ | 4,64 | 32600 | B2Iavar | type variable RS Hounds of the Dogs |
| 11 Orion | 11 Ori | 23607 | 05 h 04 m 34.14 s | +15° 24′ 15.1″ | 4,65 | 400 | A0p Si | V1032 Ori, an α²-type variable star Canis Hounds |
| ο1 of Orion | ο1 Ori | 22667 | 04 h 52 m 31.96 s | +14° 15′ 02.8″ | 4,71 | 542 | M3Sv | |
| 31 Orion | 31 Ori | 25737 | 05 h 29 m 43.98 s | −01° 05′ 31.8″ | 4,71 | 456 | K5III | C.I. Ori |
| 22 Orion | o Ori | 25044 | 05 h 21 m 45.75 s | −00° 22′ 56.9″ | 4,72 | 1289 | B2IV-V | |
| 56 Orion | 56 | 27750 | 05 h 52 m 26.44 s | +01° 51′ 18.6″ | 4,76 | 1113 | K2IIvar | |
| 49 Orion | 49 | 26563 | 05 h 38 m 53.09 s | −07° 12′ 45.8″ | 4,77 | 153 | A4V | |
| HD 36960 | 26199 | 05h 35m 02.68s | −06° 00′ 07.3″ | 4,78 | 1863 | B0.5V | ||
| 15 Orion | 15 Ori | 24010 | 05h09m 41.96s | +15° 35′ 50.2″ | 4,81 | 318 | F2IV | |
| ψ1 of Orion | 25 | 25302 | 05 h 24 m 44.83 s | +01° 50′ 47.2″ | 4,89 | 1109 | B1V:pe | V1086 Ori, Be-star |
| 51 Orion | 51 Ori | 26885 | 05h 42m 28.66s | +01° 28′ 28.8″ | 4,90 | 302 | K1III | |
| HD 44131 | 30093 | 06 h 19 m 59.60 s | −02° 56′ 40.2″ | 4,91 | 506 | M1III | ||
| HD 37756 | 26736 | 05h 40m 50.72s | −01° 07′ 43.6″ | 4,95 | 2090 | B2IV-V | ||
| 69 Orion | 69 | 29434 | 06 h 12 m 03.28 c | +16° 07′ 49.6″ | 4,95 | 774 | B5Vn | |
| θ1 Orion A | θ1 Ori A | 26220 | 05h 35m 15.82s | −05° 23′ 14.3″ | 4,98 | O7 | component of Orion's Trapezium | |
| θ2 Orionis | θ2 Ori | 26235 | 05h 35m 22.90s | −05° 24′ 57.8″ | 4,98 | 1895 | 09.5Vpe | |
| 23 Orion | 23 | 25142 | 05 h 22 m 50.00 c | +03° 32′ 40.0″ | 4,99 | 962 | B1V | |
| 74 Orion | 74 Ori | 29800 | 06 h 16 m 26.57 s | +12° 16′ 18.2″ | 5,04 | 64 | F5IV-V | |
| 27 Orion | 27 | 25282 | 05h 24m 28.91s | −00° 53′ 30.0″ | 5,07 | 172 | K0III | |
| θ1 Orion C | θ1 Ori C | 26221 | 05h 35m 16.47s | −05° 23′ 22.9″ | 5,13 | O6Vpe | component of Orion's Trapezium | |
| 64 Orion | 64 | 28691 | 06 h 03 m 27.36 s | +19° 41′ 26.2″ | 5,14 | 1069 | B8V | |
| 6 Orion | 6 Ori | 22833 | 04 h 54 m 46.91 s | +11° 25′ 33.5″ | 5,18 | 241 | A3V | |
| HD 33554 | 24197 | 05 h 11 m 41.56 s | +16° 02′ 44.4″ | 5,18 | 321 | K5III | ||
| 71 Orion | 71 Ori | 29650 | 06 h 14 m 50.94 s | +19° 09′ 24.8″ | 5,20 | 69 | F6V | |
| 60 Orion | 60 Ori | 28296 | 05 h 58 m 49.58 s | +00° 33′ 10.7″ | 5,21 | 367 | A1Vs | |
| 45 Orion | 45 | 26268 | 05h 35m 39.49s | −04° 51′ 21.9″ | 5,24 | 370 | F0III | |
| 52 Orion | 52 | 27386 | 05h 48m 00.23s | +06° 27′ 15.2″ | 5,26 | 479 | A5V | |
| 38 Orion | 38 | 26126 | 05h 34m 16.79s | +03° 46′ 01.0″ | 5,32 | 345 | A2V | |
| 5 Orion | 5 Ori | 22730 | 04 h 53 m 22.76 s | +02° 30′ 29.8″ | 5,33 | 638 | M1III | |
| HD 31296 | 22834 | 04 h 54 m 47.79 s | +07° 46′ 45.0″ | 5,33 | 441 | K1III | ||
| 14 Orion | 14 Ori | 23879 | 05h07m 52.87s | +08° 29′ 54.9″ | 5,33 | 194 | Am | |
| 21 Orion | 21 | 24817 | 05 h 19 m 11.23 s | +02° 35′ 45.4″ | 5,34 | 198 | F5IIvar | |
| HD 36591 | 25980 | 05h 32m 41.35s | −01° 35′ 30.6″ | 5,34 | 2567 | B1IV | ||
| 72 Orion | 72 Ori | 29704 | 06 h 15 m 25.13 c | +16° 08′ 35.5″ | 5,34 | 479 | B7V | |
| HD 30210 | 22157 | 04h 46m 01.70s | +11° 42′ 20.2″ | 5,35 | 266 | Am… | ||
| VV Orion | V. V. Ori | 26063 | 05h 33m 31.45s | −01° 09′ 21.9″ | 5,36 | 1852 | B1V | 92 G. Orionis |
| 55 Orion | 55 | 27658 | 05 h 51 m 21.98 s | −07° 31′ 04.8″ | 5,36 | 1680 | B2IV-V | |
| HD 30034 | 22044 | 04h 44m 25.77s | +11° 08′ 46.2″ | 5,39 | 157 | F0V | ||
| 75 Orion | 75 Ori | 29850 | 06 h 17 m 06.62 c | +09° 56′ 33.1″ | 5,39 | 254 | A2V | |
| U Orion | U Ori | 05 h 55 m 49.30 s | +20° 10′ 30.0″ | 5,40 | 2146 | M8III | mirida | |
| 16 Orion | 16 Ori | 23983 | 05 h 09 m 19.60 c | +09° 49′ 46.6″ | 5,43 | 176 | A2m | |
| 73 Orion | 73 Ori | 29736 | 06 h 15 m 44.97 s | +12° 33′ 03.9″ | 5,44 | 1399 | B9II-III | |
| 33 Orion | 33 | 25861 | 05 h 31 m 14.53 s | +03° 17′ 31.7″ | 5,46 | 1567 | B1.5V | |
| HD 34043 | 24450 | 05 h 14 m 44.05 c | +05° 09′ 22.1″ | 5,50 | 598 | K4III | ||
| 18 Orion | 18 Ori | 24555 | 05 h 16 m 04.14 c | +11° 20′ 28.9″ | 5,52 | 368 | A0V | |
| HD 35536 | 25329 | 05h 25m 01.74s | −10° 19′ 43.8″ | 5,60 | 635 | K5III | ||
| 35 Orion | 35 | 26093 | 05 h 33 m 54.29 s | +14° 18′ 20.1″ | 5,60 | 513 | B3V | |
| HD 36881 | 26215 | 05 h 35 m 13.24 s | +10° 14′ 24.4″ | 5,60 | 1462 | B9IIIMNp… | ||
| Meissa B | λ Ori B | 26207 | 05 h 35 m 08.50 c | +09° 56′ 06.0″ | 5,61 | 1055 | B0.5V | Meissa B |
| HD 43318 | 29716 | 06 h 15 m 34.36 s | −00° 30′ 42.0″ | 5,62 | 116 | F6V | ||
| HD 36959 | 66 | 28814 | 06 h 04 m 58.36 s | +04° 09′ 31.2″ | 5,63 | 2489 | G4III | |
| HD 36959 | 26197 | 05 h 35 m 01.01 c | −06° 00′ 33.4″ | 5,67 | 5927 | B1Vvar | ||
| 63 Orion | 63 | 28812 | 06 h 04 m 58.19 s | +05° 25′ 11.9″ | 5,67 | 1101 | G7III: | |
| HD 44033 | 30099 | 06 h 20 m 04.23 c | +14° 39′ 04.2″ | 5,67 | 548 | K3Ib | ||
| HD 35007 | 25028 | 05h 21m 31.84s | −00° 24′ 59.4″ | 5,68 | 1076 | B3V | ||
| HD 35299 | 25223 | 05 h 23 m 42.31 s | −00° 09′ 35.3″ | 5,69 | 809 | B1.5V | ||
| HD40369 | 28302 | 05 h 58 m 53.24 s | +12° 48′ 29.7″ | 5,70 | 838 | K2III... | ||
| HD 42111 | 29151 | 06 h 08 m 57.90 s | +02° 29′ 59.0″ | 5,70 | 609 | A3Vn | ||
| HD43587 | 29860 | 06 h 17 m 16.25 s | +05° 05′ 58.9″ | 5,70 | 63 | G0.5Vb | ||
| HD 37209 | 26345 | 05 h 36 m 35.69 s | −06° 03′ 53.1″ | 5,71 | 1918 | B1V… | ||
| 68 Orion | 68 | 29433 | 06 h 12 m 01.34 c | +19° 47′ 26.1″ | 5,76 | 970 | B9.5V | |
| HD 36166 | 25751 | 05 h 29 m 54.77 s | +01° 47′ 21.3″ | 5,77 | 1254 | B2V | ||
| HD 34989 | 25041 | 05 h 21 m 43.56 s | +08° 25′ 42.8″ | 5,78 | 736 | B1V… | ||
| HD 38527 | 27280 | 05h 46m 52.15s | +09° 31′ 21.0″ | 5,78 | 300 | G8III | ||
| HD 31373 | 22913 | 04 h 55 m 50.16 s | +15° 02′ 25.1″ | 5,79 | 423 | B9V | ||
| HD 39007 | 27549 | 05 h 50 m 02.68 s | +09° 52′ 16.4″ | 5,79 | 334 | G8III | ||
| HD 36134 | 25708 | 05 h 29 m 23.70 s | −03° 26′ 46.9″ | 5,80 | 467 | K1III… | ||
| HD 43023 | 29575 | 06 h 13 m 54.24 s | −03° 44′ 29.1″ | 5,83 | 315 | G8III | ||
| HD42954 | 29616 | 06 h 14 m 28.58 s | +17° 54′ 23.0″ | 5,86 | 452 | A6m | ||
| HD 37320 | 26487 | 05h 38m 01.11 s | +07° 32′ 29.2″ | 5,87 | 556 | B8III | ||
| HD 39910 | 28011 | 05 h 55 m 30.16 s | −04° 36′ 59.4″ | 5,87 | 304 | K2III: | ||
| HD 33646 | 24203 | 05 h 11 m 45.35 s | +01° 02′ 13.4″ | 5,88 | 916 | F5 | ||
| HD 33608 | 24162 | 05 h 11 m 19.13 c | −02° 29′ 26.8″ | 5,89 | 125 | F5V | ||
| HD 40020 | 28139 | 05 h 56 m 49.39 s | +11° 31′ 16.3″ | 5,89 | 307 | K2III | ||
| 59 Orion | 59 Ori | 28271 | 05 h 58 m 24.44 s | +01° 50′ 13.7″ | 5,89 | 353 | A5me del Del | V1004 Ori, Delta Scuti type variable star |
| HD33833 | 24294 | 05 h 12 m 48.12 c | −06° 03′ 25.6″ | 5,90 | 446 | G7III | ||
| HD 32263 | 23408 | 05 h 01 m 50.35 s | +00° 43′ 19.8″ | 5,91 | 498 | K0 | ||
| HD 43112 | 29678 | 06 h 15 m 08.46 c | +13° 51′ 03.9″ | 5,91 | 1370 | B1V | ||
| HD 36780 | 26108 | 05 h 34 m 04.06 c | −01° 28′ 12.7″ | 5,92 | 842 | K5III | ||
| 57 Orion | 57 Ori | 27965 | 05 h 54 m 56.69 s | +19° 44′ 58.6″ | 5,92 | 1405 | B2V | |
| HD 36162 | 25790 | 05 h 30 m 26.17 c | +15° 21′ 38.0″ | 5,93 | 344 | A3Vn | ||
| HD 37788 | 26762 | 05h 41m 05.59s | +00° 20′ 15.7″ | 5,93 | 168 | F0IV | ||
| HD 38529 | 27253 | 05h 46m 34.96s | +01° 10′ 06.7″ | 5,94 | 138 | G4V | double star; has an exoplanet (Ab) and a brown dwarf (Ac) | |
| HD 39421 | 27713 | 05 h 52 m 07.73 s | −09° 02′ 31.1″ | 5,95 | 379 | A2Vn | ||
| HD 37481 | 26535 | 05h 38m 37.97s | −06° 34′ 26.2″ | 5,96 | 1567 | B1.5IV | ||
| HD 39051 | 27560 | 05 h 50 m 13.06 c | +04° 25′ 24.6″ | 5,96 | 507 | K2III | ||
| HD 39286 | 27747 | 05 h 52 m 23.41 s | +19° 52′ 04.3″ | 5,96 | 1370 | B9V+G | ||
| HD 37171 | 26386 | 05 h 37 m 04.35 s | +11° 02′ 06.2″ | 5,97 | 821 | K4II SB | ||
| HD 38089 | 26926 | 05 h 42 m 53.91 s | −06° 47′ 46.7″ | 5,97 | 163 | F3V | ||
| HD 38858 | 27435 | 05h 48m 34.90s | −04° 05′ 38.7″ | 5,97 | 51 | G4V | ||
| HD 39118 | 27588 | 05 h 50 m 30.03 c | +02° 01′ 29.0″ | 5,97 | 1128 | G8III+… | ||
| HD 39885 | 28110 | 05 h 56 m 28.04 c | +09° 30′ 33.9″ | 5,97 | 697 | A0IV | ||
| HD 31331 | 22840 | 04 h 54 m 50.71 s | +00° 28′ 01.8″ | 5,98 | 964 | B5V | ||
| HD 35281 | 25187 | 05 h 23 m 18.51 s | −08° 24′ 56.1″ | 5,99 | 493 | B8+… | ||
| HD 37594 | 26624 | 05h 39m 31.15s | −03° 33′ 53.0″ | 5,99 | 135 | A8Vs | ||
| HD 39775 | 27939 | 05 h 54 m 44.04 s | +00° 58′ 07.0″ | 5,99 | 827 | K0III | ||
| HD44497 | 30318 | 06 h 22 m 36.42 s | +12° 34′ 13.1″ | 6,00 | 205 | F0III | ||
| HD 37303 | 26427 | 05h 37m 27.36s | −05° 56′ 18.2″ | 6,03 | 1358 | B1Vvar | ||
| HD 30545 | 22354 | 04 h 48 m 44.63 s | +03° 35′ 18.8″ | 6,04 | 707 | K1III | ||
| HD 32686 | 23643 | 05 h 04 m 54.53 s | −03° 02′ 22.8″ | 6,04 | 3075 | B5IV | ||
| V1031 Orionis | 27341 | 05h 47m 26.90s | −10° 31′ 58.5″ | 6,04 | 653 | A4V | ||
| HD42477 | 29371 | 06 h 11 m 27.91 s | +13° 38′ 19.0″ | 6,04 | 430 | A0Vnn | ||
| HD43285 | 29728 | 06 h 15 m 40.18 s | +06° 03′ 58.3″ | 6,07 | 743 | B6V | ||
| HD33883 | 24349 | 05 h 13 m 31.55 s | +01° 58′ 03.7″ | 6,08 | 879 | A5V | ||
| HD 38309 | 27118 | 05h 45m 01.80s | +04° 00′ 29.5″ | 6,09 | 165 | F0III:n | ||
| HD 41076 | 28686 | 06 h 03 m 24.77 s | +11° 40′ 51.9″ | 6,09 | 480 | A0Vs | ||
| W Orion | W Ori | 23680 | 05 h 05 m 23.71 s | +01° 10′ 39.5″ | 6,10 | 700 | N5 | |
| HD 30870 | 22597 | 04 h 51 m 43.38 s | +09° 58′ 30.3″ | 6,11 | 704 | B5V | ||
| HD 33419 | 24041 | 05 h 10 m 03.26 c | −00° 33′ 54.7″ | 6,11 | 314 | K0III | ||
| HD 37232 | 26414 | 05 h 37 m 19.31 c | +08° 57′ 06.8″ | 6,11 | 867 | B2IV-V | ||
| HD43683 | 29931 | 06 h 18 m 05.61 c | +14° 22′ 58.3″ | 6,12 | 637 | A3V | ||
| HD 35317 | 25240 | 05 h 23 m 51.33 s | −00° 51′ 59.8″ | 6,13 | 189 | F7V | ||
| HD 39632 | 27900 | 05 h 54 m 13.35 s | +10° 35′ 11.1″ | 6,13 | 1475 | G9II | ||
| HD 31764 | 23161 | 04 h 58 m 59.41 s | +14° 32′ 35.7″ | 6,14 | 671 | B7V | ||
| 13 Orion | 13 Ori | 23852 | 05 h 07 m 38.32 s | +09° 28′ 21.8″ | 6,15 | 92 | G1IV | |
| HD 34180 | 24493 | 05 h 15 m 18.52 s | −01° 24′ 32.6″ | 6,15 | 150 | F0IV | ||
| HD 36558 | 25976 | 05h 32m 37.97s | +00° 00′ 43.1″ | 6,15 | 1495 | K5 | ||
| HD 37356 | 26477 | 05h 37m 53.39s | −04° 48′ 50.5″ | 6,16 | 1120 | B2IV-V | ||
| HD 35588 | 25378 | 05 h 25 m 47.02 c | +00° 31′ 12.9″ | 6,18 | 1583 | B2.5V | ||
| HD 35693 | 25502 | 05 h 27 m 13.90 s | +15° 15′ 27.6″ | 6,18 | 461 | A1IV | ||
| CK Orion | CK Ori | 25785 | 05h 30m 19.91s | +04° 12′ 17.5″ | 6,21 | 574 | K2IIIvar | |
| HD 40347 | 28252 | 05 h 58 m 11.70 s | −00° 59′ 38.3″ | 6,21 | 400 | K0 | ||
| HD 37744 | 26713 | 05h 40m 37.29s | −02° 49′ 30.9″ | 6,22 | 1680 | B1.5V | ||
| HD 40282 | 28232 | 05 h 57 m 54.51 s | +01° 13′ 27.5″ | 6,22 | 519 | M0III | ||
| HD 36430 | 25869 | 05h 31m 20.89s | −06° 42′ 30.2″ | 6,23 | 1762 | B2V | ||
| HD 33555 | 24130 | 05 h 10 m 57.97 s | −02° 15′ 13.5″ | 6,24 | 158 | G8III | ||
| HD 35640 | 25401 | 05 h 26 m 02.36 c | −05° 31′ 06.6″ | 6,24 | 667 | B9.5Vn | ||
| HD 36779 | 26106 | 05h 34m 03.89s | −01° 02′ 08.6″ | 6,24 | 1240 | B2.5V | ||
| HD 37016 | 26234 | 05h 35m 22.32s | −04° 25′ 27.6″ | 6,24 | 1128 | B2.5V | ||
| HD 38495 | 27212 | 05h 46m 02.86s | −04° 16′ 05.9″ | 6,24 | 371 | K1III… | ||
| HD43821 | 29982 | 06 h 18 m 40.35 s | +09° 02′ 50.2″ | 6,24 | 346 | K0 | ||
| HD 31623 | 23041 | 04 h 57 m 17.21 s | −01° 04′ 01.9″ | 6,25 | 274 | F2 | ||
| HD 36840 | 26149 | 05h 34m 29.29s | −00° 00′ 44.4″ | 6,25 | 1230 | G5 | ||
| 30019 | 06 h 19 m 01.85 c | +17° 19′ 31.0″ | 6,27 | 631 | B9III sp… | |||
| 28019 | 05 h 55 m 35.38 s | −04° 47′ 18.7″ | 6,28 | 321 | A2III | |||
| HD 30869 | 22607 | 04 h 51 m 49.92 s | +13° 39′ 18.7″ | 6,30 | 136 | F5 | ||
| HD 39685 | 27902 | 05 h 54 m 15.72 s | +03° 13′ 32.8″ | 6,30 | 552 | K0 | ||
| BL Orion | BL Ori | 30564 | 06 h 25 m 28.18 s | +14° 43′ 19.2″ | 6,30 | 1299 | C5II | |
| HD 32115 | 23296 | 05 h 00 m 39.82 s | −02° 03′ 57.7″ | 6,31 | 162 | A8IV | ||
| V1197 Orionis | 26953 | 05h 43m 09.32s | −01° 36′ 47.4″ | 6,31 | 679 | K4III | ||
| HD 30321 | 22189 | 04 h 46 m 24.15 s | −02° 57′ 15.8″ | 6,33 | 277 | A2V | ||
| HD 33946 | 24377 | 05 h 13 m 47.25 s | +00° 33′ 37.7″ | 6,33 | 832 | M0V | ||
| HD 34648 | 24847 | 05 h 19 m 35.28 s | −01° 24′ 42.8″ | 6,33 | 1863 | B1.5Vn | ||
| HD 35407 | 25288 | 05 h 24 m 36.10 s | +02° 21′ 11.4″ | 6,33 | 1226 | B4IVn | ||
| HD 36285 | 25786 | 05h 30m 20.75s | −07° 26′ 05.3″ | 6,33 | 1216 | B2IV-V | ||
| HD 31739 | 23092 | 04 h 58 m 10.90 s | −02° 12′ 46.0″ | 6,34 | 454 | A2V | ||
| V1649 Orionis | 25205 | 05 h 23 m 31.08 c | +05° 19′ 23.0″ | 6,34 | 245 | A2V | ||
| HD 35909 | 25638 | 05 h 28 m 34.77 s | +13° 40′ 44.5″ | 6,35 | 322 | A4V | ||
| HD44867 | 30517 | 06 h 24 m 52.76 s | +16° 03′ 26.0″ | 6,35 | 385 | G9III | ||
| HD 35775 | 25505 | 05:27:00 15:40 | +02° 20′ 28.3″ | 6,36 | 425 | K0 | ||
| HD 42351 | 29326 | 06 h 11 m 01.77 c | +18° 07′ 49.7″ | 6,37 | 2650 | K1II | ||
| HD43358 | 29746 | 06 h 15 m 53.98 s | +01° 10′ 08.4″ | 6,37 | 303 | F5IV: | ||
| θ2 Orion B | 25667 | 05 h 28 m 56.91 s | −03° 18′ 26.7″ | 6,39 | 762 | A0Vn | ||
| HD 43335 | 29798 | 06 h 16 m 23.79 s | +17° 10′ 53.9″ | 6,39 | 728 | K5II | ||
| HD 34880 | 24925 | 05 h 20 m 26.41 s | −05° 22′ 03.1″ | 6,40 | 679 | B8III | ||
| V1377 Orionis | 26263 | 05h 35m 35.90s | −03° 15′ 10.2″ | 6,40 | 2608 | B3IV | ||
| HD 35656 | 25453 | 05 h 26 m 38.82 s | +06° 52′ 07.5″ | 6,41 | 305 | A0Vn | ||
| HD 35912 | 25582 | 05 h 28 m 01.47 c | +01° 17′ 53.7″ | 6,41 | 1160 | B2V | ||
| HD 37904 | 26820 | 05h 41m 40.31s | −02° 53′ 47.5″ | 6,41 | 273 | A9IV-V | ||
| HD 31423 | 22938 | 04 h 56 m 09.02 c | +07° 54′ 17.3″ | 6,42 | 192 | F5 | ||
| HD 34317 | 24607 | 05 h 16 m 41.05 c | +01° 56′ 50.4″ | 6,42 | 608 | A0V | ||
| HD 34878 | 24960 | 05 h 20 m 43.74 s | +02° 32′ 41.0″ | 6,43 | 415 | G8IV | ||
| V1357 Orionis | 29525 | 06 h 13 m 12.46 s | +10° 37′ 40.3″ | 6,43 | 59 | G8V | ||
| HD 35575 | 25368 | 05 h 25 m 36.50 s | −01° 29′ 28.7″ | 6,44 | 791 | B3V | ||
| HD 32273 | 23419 | 05 h 02 m 00.03 c | +01° 36′ 31.8″ | 6,45 | 508 | B8V | ||
| HD 36814 | 26104 | 05h 34m 02.48s | −07° 01′ 25.1″ | 6,45 | 637 | K0 | ||
| V1389 Orionis | 29509 | 06 h 12 m 59.57 s | +06° 00′ 58.6″ | 6,45 | 709 | M… | ||
| HD 37808 | 26728 | 05h 40m 46.19s | −10° 24′ 31.2″ | 6,46 | 536 | B9.5IIIp Si | ||
| V1369 Orionis | 25011 | 05 h 21 m 19.31 c | +04° 00′ 43.1″ | 6,49 | 1244 | B5Vp | ||
| HD 36150 | 25732 | 05h 29m 41.59s | −00° 48′ 08.7″ | 6,49 | 391 | A2 | ||
| HD 37635 | 26623 | 05h 39m 30.84s | −09° 42′ 23.8″ | 6,49 | 566 | B7V | ||
| HD 31411 | 22923 | 04 h 55 m 58.36 s | +05° 23′ 56.6″ | 6,50 | 489 | A0V | ||
| σ Orion B | σ Ori B | 26549 | 05h 38m 47.10s | −02° 35′ 39.0″ | 6,65 | 1149 | B2V… | component of the σ Orion system (5 stars). |
| θ1 Orion D | θ1 Ori D | 26224 | 05h 35m 17.20 s | −05° 23′ 15.7″ | 6,71 | B0.5Vp… | component of Orion's Trapezium | |
| 23 Orion | 23 | 25145 | 05 h 22 m 51.03 c | +03° 33′ 08.0″ | 7,17 | 976 | B3Vn | |
| θ1 Orion B | θ1 Ori B | 05 h 35 m 16.10 c | −05° 23′ 07.0″ | 7,96 | component of Orion's Trapezium | |||
| σ Orion C | σ Ori C | 26549 | h m s | 8,68 | 1148 | A2V | component of the σ Orion system | |
| HD 37605 | 26664 | 05h 40m 01.73s | +06° 03′ 38.1″ | 8,69 | 140 | K0 | has a planet (b) | |
| HD 290327 | 25191 | 05 h 23 m 21.56 s | -02° 16′ 39.4″ | 8,99 | 185 | G8V | has a planet (b) |
Notes:
1. Bayer signs (ε Leo), as well as Flamsteed numbering (54 Leo) and Draper catalog (HD 94402) are used to designate stars.
2. Remarkable stars include even those that are not visible without the help of optics, but in which planets or other features have been found.
A. OSTAPENKO, Chairman of the Moscow Astronomical Club.
Winter is not the most comfortable time for amateur astronomers. However, the winter sky is so beautiful, strewn with such bright stars and constellations that, even despite the cold and other inconveniences, those who enjoy traveling through the labyrinths of the starry sky, who can not wait to look into the mysterious depths of space, will not be able to sit at home. In addition, long periods of winter bad weather sometimes suddenly give way to days and nights with such clean, transparent air, which does not happen in summer. And then, if at your disposal there is not even a telescope, but only binoculars or a spyglass, do not waste time, go out into the open sky. You can count on seeing a lot of interesting things, because the starry sky is surprisingly generous and easily reveals beauty to the inquisitive eye, which the ignorant is not even aware of. All you need is a little patience, a platform protected from any extraneous light, and, of course, some knowledge in astronomy, which, we hope, regular readers of our column “Astronomy Lovers” have. The sky above us: planets, stars, the Milky Way
The Rosette Nebula in the constellation Monoceros is one of the finest examples of nature's creativity. The nebula surrounds the small star cluster NGC 2244. Photo by American amateur astronomer J. Greaney.
Orion and its surrounding constellations. This schematic map shows the view of the southern part of the starry sky at about 21:00 local time in January and at 22:00 in February 2001.
The central part of the constellation Orion. Above - "Orion's Belt", below it are three stars located vertically - "Orion's Sword" with the M42 nebula in the middle.
Neighborhood of variable star U Orion.
Open clusters: Hyades (closest to the Sun) and NGC 1647 (almost ten times further away). The eclipsing variable star HU Taurus is located near these clusters and comparison stars are marked.
Pleiades - the famous open star cluster - one of the decorations of the starry sky
Open star clusters in the constellation Gemini - M35 and NGC 2158 (nebulous speck to the right and below M35).
Suppose that the case takes place in mid-January at 21:30, in early February at 21:00, or at the end of February at 20:30. You have settled in a fairly dark place, away from the bright city lights, the moon does not interfere with you, and the weather is favorable for observations. About how to conduct astronomical observations with binoculars and what binoculars are best suited for this, our magazine has already told more than once and in sufficient detail (see "Science and Life" No. 12, 1980; No. 6, 1997).
Look at the whole sky first. The first thing that will attract your attention is a bright, very beautiful celestial body, burning with magical fire in the west (low over the horizon in January and quite high in February). This is the planet Venus - "Evening Star". Its brightness at the beginning of the year will be the maximum possible, that is, -4.4 m. After the Moon, Venus is the brightest night star in our sky.
Point your binoculars at her. If it is of good enough quality and mounted on a tripod (the latter is even more important), you will certainly notice that Venus looks like a tiny crescent moon, bulging towards the setting Sun. The special brightness of the planet is explained, firstly, by a small distance to it (105 million km in mid-January (0.7 AU) and 71 million km (0.45 AU) in mid-February) and, secondly, the very high reflectivity of its cloud cover. Please note that in January and in February the crescent of the planet will not be the same: it becomes larger in size, but thinner.
Now raise your head and turn halfway to the left. High in the sky, a very bright (-2.4 m) yellowish “star” will catch your attention, glowing with a steady, non-flickering light. This is Jupiter, the largest planet in the solar system. Nearby, to the right and slightly below it, the second giant, Saturn, is visible. It shines weaker, its brilliance is minus 0.2 m. Now it is 129 million km away from us (8.6 AU), and Jupiter is “only” 660 million km (4.4 AU).
Binoculars will help you see the disk of Jupiter (and if the instrument magnification is more than 15x, then also two stripes on it), and in addition - the four largest satellites of the planet. Well, if you have the opportunity to follow them day by day for some time, then you will be able to detect their movement around the planet and understand the delight of G. Galileo, who discovered them in 1610 using the first telescope in history (3 cm refractor) , which is why they now bear the name of the Galilean satellites.
Large binoculars, such as the BP 20x60 or 25x75, will allow you to see the rings of Saturn. Now they are in the greatest disclosure, that is, in the most convenient position for observation. The details of their structure cannot be captured, for this you need a telescope. But the movement of the largest satellite of the planet - Titan can be seen even with 5-centimeter binoculars. Other planets will not be visible in the evenings.
Move on to observations of stars - celestial bodies that are hundreds of millions of times greater than the planets from us. First, orient yourself in the constellations. Turn your face to the southern part of the sky (Jupiter will be slightly to the right), and the winter sky will open before you in all its splendor. Nowhere else has so many bright stars, expressive constellations been collected as here. And the majestic Jupiter and gloomy Saturn give the picture even more solemnity.
The brightest, one might say, the central character of the winter sky, of course, is Orion. There are few such expressive figures in the sky, moreover, it is in the center of a group of other, also very interesting constellations. Therefore, Orion is usually taken as a guide when searching for other constellations. The map shown here (see p. 105) will help you quickly find them in the sky.
Orion got its name in honor of the hero of many ancient Greek myths - a brave and strong giant hunter. This is how he is depicted on ancient star maps - with a shield in one hand, with a club in the other raised high. The arrangement of the stars in this constellation, indeed, resembles a human figure. The central part of the star figure is a rectangle, as if drawn in the middle. Two very bright stars adorn its upper left and lower right corners - Betelgeuse (0.2 m) and Rigel (0.45 m1). The belt tightening the camp of the hunter (“Orion's belt”) is marked by three stars of almost the same brightness. They have their own names (from left to right): Alnitak (2.0 m), Alnilam (1.8 m), Mintaka (2.5 m). The three stars form a short, straight line, so characteristic that it is impossible not to notice. Let's use it as a pointer: the left (lower) end of the belt points to Sirius - the brightest star in the earth's sky, and the right (upper) - to the constellation Taurus, with which, according to legend, the heavenly hunter is going to fight. The bright orange star Aldebaran is the eye of this angry bull.
The hunter is accompanied by two faithful dogs. Canis Minor is a nondescript constellation, notable only for its bright star Procyon, which shines with white fire to the east of Orion. Canis Major is the constellation in which Sirius is located.
To the left and above Orion you can see the constellation Gemini with the main stars Castor and Pollux. And even higher, almost at the zenith, is the pentagon of the constellation Auriga with a beautiful yellowish star Capella.
Inside the triangle formed by Procyon, Sirius and Betelgeuse (sometimes called the "Winter Triangle"), is the Unicorn - a large but inexpressive constellation. There is not a single star brighter than 4 m in it, but there are many other interesting objects, we will talk about one of them below, and you can find the rest on your own.
Don't forget to take a look at the Milky Way. What a contrast with the usual bright stripe that is so eye-catching in summer! And now it stretches like a wide, dull ribbon across half the sky, thinning and almost disappearing towards the zenith, towards the constellation Perseus. However, it is here, in its depths, that the most interesting objects are hidden, which can be observed even with the help of such modest instruments as a small telescope or binoculars.
The stars are beautiful and amazing
It is hard to imagine how these distant flickering lights can differ both in their physical parameters and in behavior. Take for example three bright stars - Rigel, Betelgeuse and Sirius. The first two are giant stars. Rigel is from the class of young blue giants, it is 36 times larger than the Sun in diameter and 81,000 times in luminosity. Betelgeuse, a red supergiant, shines like 22,500 Suns, and is 900 times larger than the Sun in diameter! This is because Betelgeuse is an aging star, with a surface temperature of only 3000 degrees, which is what causes its reddish color. Admire both of these stars through binoculars, it enhances the visual impression and color contrast.
Now look at Sirius. Although its brightness (-1.44 m) is several times higher than that of the first two, it is a very small star, however, it is still 2.4 times larger than the Sun. But Sirius is young, its surface temperature reaches 9250°, it radiates 22.4 times more energy than the Sun. And the main reason for its brightness is that it is located at a distance of 8.6 light years from us, one of our closest neighbors (in eighth place in terms of distance from the Sun). Our luminary from Sirius is barely visible to the naked eye.
Now about the behavior of these stars. Sirius, as befits a young small star, is practically calm. Rigel too. Betelgeuse is an unstable star, or, as they say, a variable. Most of the time it remains the second brightest star in Orion. But sometimes its brightness increases and Betelgeuse surpasses Rigel in brilliance. Then the brightness of the dying red giant decreases again. This happens quite irregularly, about once every two years, and is associated with complex processes occurring in the surface layers of the star. So, when you make observations, be sure to compare these two stars. Perhaps Betelgeuse is on fire again?
Another reddish star located near Orion is Aldebaran, the “eye” of Taurus. He, like Betelgeuse, is a cooling red giant (40 times larger than the Sun), a star that has almost exhausted all its hydrogen reserves and has entered a phase of instability. Aldebaran, like Betelgeuse, contracts and expands slightly in an irregular fashion. In this case, the brightness of the star changes from 0.75 m to 0.95 m. Since we are talking about the color of the stars, pay attention to the bright Capella (0.08 m), the main star in the constellation Auriga. It has a surprisingly beautiful yellowish tint. The chapel is located 43 light years from the Sun and exceeds its size by 10 times.
It should be noted that the comparison with almost any star is not in favor of the Sun. Moreover, we now know that our luminary belongs to the most numerous class of dwarf stars. And it might even upset some people. But that's the truth. And most importantly, the Sun is our native star, giving us light and heat, our cosmic home, and as you know, there is no better place in the entire Universe than home.
And now, armed with all this knowledge and already with different eyes, take another look at how beautifully the stars twinkle, and especially Sirius. He, like a diamond, shimmers with all the colors of the rainbow. But this is not some special property of the star, but the influence of our ever-wavering atmosphere: after all, we see Sirius always very low (in the middle latitudes, it does not rise above 15-20 °).
Now meet the stars that change their brightness hundreds of times, which happens quite regularly. Such are the Mirids (they got their name from the stars of Mira, Kita - the brightest of this class). Mirids are pulsating stars that periodically contract and expand. This changes their brilliance: in the phase of the greatest compression, they “flare up”, then the compression is replaced by expansion, and they fade. The period of these changes is usually equal to 350-450 days, the brightness amplitude is huge - it can reach eight or more magnitudes. Watching the brightness of such a star change from month to month is an extremely interesting and enjoyable experience.
An example of such a star is U Orion (find it on the schematic map). For 372.4 days, it changes its brightness from 12.6 m to 6.3 m (sometimes at its peak and up to 4.8 m), that is, a star that could not be seen even with a small telescope is now clearly visible to the naked eye! In 2001, its maximum brightness is expected on February 12. So hurry up and start watching. When you find it, you will surely be attracted by the unusually deep red color of this star.
Another variable, but of a completely different class, the eclipsing variable, you will find in the constellation Taurus. It bears the designation HU Taurus (find it on the map). Variables of this class are close binary systems with fairly fast orbital motion. Most of the time, the components shine together, and the brilliance of the system remains constant. But, when one of them “goes” behind the other, the light flux decreases, and the observer notes a decrease in brightness. The star HU Taurus has such eclipses every 2 days for 1 hour and 21 minutes. The period of falling brightness lasts about 8 hours, the brightness decreases from 5.9m to 6.7m. Comparing it with specially selected comparison stars (they are in the figure), one should estimate the brightness of the observed variable in each certain period, then, based on the results of the estimates, construct a light curve.
Studies show that single stars are rather an exception in the stellar world, most stars are paired from birth. And many of them can be observed with binoculars.
Look at the star Mintaku (on the far right in Orion's belt). The main star is 2.2 m, and at a distance of 53 "from it is a satellite 6.3 m. There is a third component in this system, but it is too weak for binoculars.
Now look at the "sword of Orion". The star pair 42-45 Ori (upper star of the Sword of Orion) is perfectly visible through binoculars. And people with good eyesight will be able to separate these stars without any optical instrument. The brightness of the stars is 4.7 m and 5.3 m, and the distance between them is about 6 ". You will probably notice that one of these stars has a blue color, and the other is yellowish.
Now point your tools at the middle star of the “sword”, denoted by the q (theta) of Orion. It will appear before you as a pair with a distance of about 2 ". Large binoculars or a telescope will immediately show that both components, q 1 and q 2, consist of several stars. This is the so-called multiple system. The one to the right and above q 1 , is called "Orion's trapezoid. In a telescope, you can see that there really is a tiny trapezoid of four stars, sparkling beautifully, like a small gem. Binoculars with a magnification of 12x or more will also allow you to distinguish them, and in small binoculars it will look like a single, slightly “smeared” star. q 2 is an ordinary binary, consisting of components 5.2 m and 6.5 m, separated by 52 ".
star clusters
It is now known that stars originate and form in gas and dust clouds penetrating the entire plane of the Milky Way. In especially large and dense, as a rule, whole groups of stars appear at once, which then, when they leave these “star nurseries” and become visible, form groups of different numbers and densities. Open star clusters are the most numerous class of such objects. Usually they contain from a dozen to several hundred stars, sometimes of the same brightness, sometimes very different. Therefore, it is always interesting to look for a new object of this class in the sky - you never know what it will turn out to be. With simple binoculars, you can find dozens of open clusters, many of which are visible to the naked eye. The most famous are the Pleiades and Hyades in the constellation Taurus.
Find first on the diagram, and then in the sky (to the right and slightly above Aldebaran) a small graceful "ladle" of the Pleiades. It is formed by seven stars - “seven sisters”, as they say in the folklore of many peoples. This star cluster is very young, it has not even completely emerged from the nebula that gave birth to it, which is clearly visible in the photographs. In color photographs, the saturated blue color of its stars (stars, as you know, are born blue) and clouds and dust jets glowing in the same color are striking. Small binoculars will show that the stars of the Pleiades are, as it were, surrounded by halos - these are nebulae, and not the result of fogging of optics, as it might seem at first glance. To verify this, move your binoculars to the Hyades, a large group of stars to the right of Aldebaran. If a halo is not visible around them, then the observer sees nebulae in the Pleiades. In large binoculars (60 mm or more), you can also see the shape of some of them. For example, the dust plume from the star Merope is clearly visible in photographs.
The Hyades is the closest large open cluster to the Sun, which explains why we see it so big and bright. And the best tool for observing it is binoculars. Point it at the Hyades, and the entire field of view will be strewn with multi-colored stars that make up pairs and groups. The two brightest of them - q 1 and q 2 - a textbook example of a double star. The distance between them is 5.6", and the brightness is 3.4 m and 3.8 m. The star Aldebaran is not included in the cluster, it is located twice as close to us and is only projected onto its edge.
Now move the binoculars to the northeast by about one field of view. You will see here a dim foggy speck. This is another open cluster - NGC 1647. It is 10 times farther than the Hyades. Probably, the Hyades would have looked exactly like this if they were taken to the same distance.
In the constellation Auriga, you can easily find three more open clusters: M36, M38 and M37. The first two are located just below the middle of the pentagon formed by the brightest stars in the constellation, and M37 is to the left of them. At first glance, they all look like the same round hazy patches, but a closer look will immediately notice the differences. Thus, the M37 cluster (5.6 m) consists of more than two hundred faint, almost identical stars, evenly scattered, and M38 and M36 each have less than a hundred stars, with different brilliance and located in complete disorder. M38, for example, includes a giant yellow star with a luminosity of 900 Suns! If the Sun were to be moved into this cluster, a large telescope would be required just to see it. And we see the “yellow giant” well even with binoculars. All three clusters are located at approximately the same distance from us - 4200-4400 light years.
In the constellation Gemini, at the "feet" of Castor, southeast of M37, it is easy to find another cluster, M35. It resembles the ones just mentioned, but brighter than them (5.3 m) and larger - about 30 "in diameter (in terms of apparent size the same as the Moon). It can be seen even with the naked eye. And when viewed through binoculars, a very beautiful group is visible stars, three of which form an elongated triangle.The cluster is located closer than the Aurigae cluster, at 2800 light years and occupies a volume in space about 25 light years across.
In the constellation Unicorn there is a strikingly beautiful nebula - Rosette, it is located near Betelgeuse. The nebula surrounds a small and not very numerous, but rather bright star cluster (NGC 2244). The shape of the cluster is not quite common - a tiny elongated rectangle. On a dark night, a large but faint circular glow can be seen surrounding the cluster. This is the nebula, the distance to which is 5500 light years. The nebula is easily obtained in the pictures. The star cluster was discovered back in 1690, and the nebula was not known until the middle of the 19th century, which means that it is not such an easy object to observe.
M41, a remarkable cluster, one of the most spectacular in its class, is located in the constellation Canis Major. Finding it is very easy - just lower the binoculars straight down from Sirius. If this beautiful group of stars were not located so far in the southern hemisphere of the sky, it would certainly be one of the most popular objects of observation for our astronomers.
We have been able to mention here only some of the most interesting stars and their clusters available to the observer with binoculars. We almost do not mention the nebulae that this area is so rich in, they will be discussed in one of the next issues of the magazine. When you start observing, you will certainly find many others on your own. The starry sky can be compared to a book that opens before an inquisitive eye and promises so many new and interesting things to those who are ready to read it.
