Project on the theme of literary places in our city. Research work on local history on the topic “Literary places of our city” on the basis of the school literary and local history club “Southern Word. A. S. Pushkin: Mikhailovskoye

The literary places of Russia are an object of pilgrimage for many admirers of the talent of famous poets and writers. Where, if not here, do you feel the spirit of their works, do you begin to understand your favorite literary figure? Particularly reverent are excursions to literary places in Russia, where writers and poets spent their childhood and youth. After all, this is the cradle of the formation of their talent, worldview and attitude, which are reflected in subsequent work. Such, for example, are the family estates of L. N. Tolstoy, I. S. Turgenev, N. A. Nekrasov.

Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum

Tsarskoye Selo can be called a real forge of talents of the 19th century. It is from under the wing of this educational institution A. S. Pushkin, V. K. Kuchelbeker, M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin and many other politicians and artists came out.

Founded in 1811 by order of Alexander I, the lyceum was supposed to train the elite of the future Russian society. For six years of study, young people received an excellent education, equal to a university one.

Of course, the most famous student whom Tsarskoe Selo knew was A. S. Pushkin. It was here that he began to write poems, still imitating Zhukovsky, Batyushkov and French romantic poets. And at the same time, the originality of the future genius is already revealed here.

The period of study is associated with another significant event in the life of the poet. It was at this time that his first small work, “To a Poet Friend,” was published. Graduates always remembered the years of study with warmth, sincerely worried about the fate of their beloved institution.

At the moment, the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum is a functioning institution where you can see with your own eyes the poet's room (he called it a cell), as well as the place of study and final exams, where Pushkin struck with the talent of eminent teachers.

A. S. Pushkin: Mikhailovskoye

I would like to tell you about two more places associated with the genius of Pushkin. The first is Mikhailovskoye. This is the family estate of the poet's mother, erected by his grandfather Hannibal on the Pskov land.

Connoisseurs of Pushkin's work, and just readers, having been here, note that the pictures of the nature of many works seem to have been written off by the skillful hand of the artist from these places. For the first time the poet meets the measured village life immediately after graduating from the Lyceum, in 1817. Pushkin is immediately fascinated by the beauty of the surrounding world and the dimension that prevails here.

Even after the hateful exile, Pushkin returns here again and again for inspiration, because it is in Mikhailovsky that he especially feels his poetic gift. The last visit to the estate is associated with a tragic event - the funeral of his mother, and a few months after that, the poet himself dies in a duel.

His grave is also here, in Mikhailovsky.

Boldino

Boldino autumn ... This period of Pushkin's life was marked by an unprecedented creative upsurge, which he felt while staying in Boldino, the family estate. His forced trip on the eve of the wedding with Natalya Goncharova was delayed due to the cholera epidemic raging in St. Petersburg. inspired by the future family life, the poet is at the highest peak of inspiration. Here he finishes "Eugene Onegin", writes most of the "Little Tragedies", "The Tale of the Priest and His Worker Balda", as well as "Belkin's Tale".

These literary places in Russia must be visited by everyone who admires the genius of the great Pushkin.

M. Yu. Lermontov: Pyatigorsk

There are places in Russia that are inextricably linked with the life and work of another outstanding poet of the 19th century - M. Yu. Lermontov.

First of all, it is the Caucasian resort city of Pyatigorsk. This place played an important role in the life of the poet. Lermontov's first acquaintance with Pyatigorsk happened in childhood - it was here that his grandmother brought him to improve his health, because the future poet grew up as a very sickly child. very impressed Lermontov. From childhood, he was also gifted in the field of drawing. Many picturesque watercolors came out from under his brush, depicting mountain landscapes.

To this day, hot baths operate in Pyatigorsk, where the poet was treated. His observations of the so-called "water society" are reflected in the story "Princess Mary".

Further service is also connected with the Caucasus young officer. Here Lermontov found his death. By chance, a tragedy occurred in Pyatigorsk. Deciding to end his service, he last time goes to the Caucasus, having rented a small house with his uncle.

Here they linger for treatment on the waters. On July 27, 1841, a fatal incident occurs with an old acquaintance Martynov. Here, near Mount Mashuk, the poet was buried, but after 8 months his ashes were transferred to the family crypt - M. Yu. Lermontov still rests there. Russia has lost another brilliant poet.

It should be said that the memory of the poet is sacredly revered in Pyatigorsk. The place of his last stay, the house where the quarrel with Martynov took place, the place of the duel and the initial burial place of Lermontov are places that guests of the city must visit.

Tarkhany

The Tarkhany Museum-Reserve is another place that is inextricably linked with M. Yu. Lermontov. In this estate he spent his childhood. Here, the life of a noble family of the 19th century is recreated with documentary accuracy.

In addition to the manor's house, the Keykeeper's House and the People's Hut are open to visitors. Also, visitors can honor the memory of the poet in the family crypt, where he is buried, and in the chapel.

The museum-reserve leads a very active cultural life: competitions and festivals dedicated to the poet are constantly held. The Lermontov holiday, which takes place here on the first weekend of July, has become traditional.

Museum of N. A. Nekrasov in Chudovo

Many poets and writers of Russia become more understandable if you discover them everyday life, and even better - the conditions in which childhood passed. N. A. Nekrasov is no exception in this regard. From school course literature, we know that it was children's observations of the difficult life of serfs that largely determined the direction of the poet's work.

The house-museum of N. A. Nekrasov is the place where the poet rested his soul from city life, hunted and received inspiration for new works.

It is located in Chudovo and is part of a large complex of the reserve of the same name. It is here that the famous “Chudov cycle”, 11 brilliant poems, was written. As a rule, Nekrasov hunted in these places. Here, the already seriously ill poet finishes his great work - the poem "Who in Russia should live well."

At the moment, the house-museum is a hunting house, in which, in addition to the rooms of the poet and his wife, there is a dining room, an office, guest rooms. By the way, there were quite a few of the latter here - many literary figures came here to hunt with Nekrasov: Saltykov-Shchedrin and Pleshcheev, Mikhailovsky and Uspensky. The building of the agricultural school is also presented to the attention of visitors.

The house-museum often holds exhibitions and programs for visitors of various ages.

Museum of F. I. Tyutchev in Ovstug

Tyutchev's family house-museum belonged to the poet's family long before his birth: in the middle of the 18th century, the poet's grandfather began building an estate on the lands that he received as a dowry after the wedding.

The poet's father, having received inheritance rights, begins to expand the house. Soon a chic estate in the spirit of classicism with a manor house, decorated with columns, with an outbuilding, grows here. Located on the banks of the river, it has its own island with a gazebo. This place becomes for Tyutchev a source of not only vitality, but also inspiration. The poet, glorifying nature in all its diversity, draws pictures from these places - they are so memorable to his soul.

Unfortunately, the estate was not given due attention, and it fell into disrepair, but a gradual reconstruction is underway. If initially excursions to these literary places in Russia were limited only to a rural school, now they cover the guest wing, as well as the church. Also, visitors can see a recreated windmill, a gazebo on the island and chic

Peredelkino

Listing the literary places in Russia, one should also mention those that are associated with the activities of this, first of all, Peredelkino. It is this place that is the focus of the dachas of the entire literary elite of the twentieth century.

The idea of building a village where Russian writers would rest, live and create belonged to M. Gorky. It was he who procured in 1934 this piece of land for these purposes. For quite a short time the first 50 houses were rebuilt. Among their tenants were A. Serafimovich, L. Kassil, B. Pasternak, I. Ilf, I. Babel.

Many post-war writers also build dachas: V. Kataev, B. Okudzhava, E. Yevtushenko. Here K. Chukovsky writes his beautiful fairy tales for local children.

The House of Creativity of Writers functions on the territory of the village, among the existing museums one can note the houses of B. Pasternak, K. Chukovsky, B. Okudzhava, E. Yevtushenko. Many writers and poets have found their last refuge here.

Research

"Literary places of my city"

Pavlova Valeria

11 A class

MKOU Lyceum No. 15,

Stavropol region

Teacher - Selezneva

Taisa Sergeevna

Ladies and gentlemen! I would like to invite you on a tour of the State Museum-Reserve M.Yu. Lermontov, which is a literary monument of the city of Pyatigorsk, KVM and the Stavropol Territory. It was created on the basis of the museum "Lermontov's House" and Lermontov's places in Pyatigorsk, Kislovodsk, Zheleznovodsk. Before you is a diagram of the Lermontov quarter, formed by the intersection of K. Marx, Lermontov, Sobornaya and Buachidze streets. It is the center of the memorial, its basis. My story is about him.

1 .
2.
3.
4.
5. House of V.I. Chilaev
6. Wing of V.P. Umanov
7. Kitchen of V.P. Umanov
8. Stable and household buildings on the estate of V.I. Chilaev

Pyatigorsk occupies a special position among the places covered with the poetic glory of the poet. There is hardly another corner in the Caucasus where the personal and creative fate of M.Yu. Lermontov.

Since then, many difficult years have passed,

And again you met me between your rocks.

As once a child, your greetings

The exile was joyful and bright.

He shed oblivion of troubles into my chest ...

The meeting of two equally beautiful natural phenomena- Caucasus and Lermontov - happened by God's will in 1820. The Caucasus was then as great and powerful as it is today. But in a six-year-old sick boy brought here from the Penza province, hardly anyone could guess the future genius. But it was then that the beautiful pictures of the Caucasian nature, the folk songs of the highlanders performed by the sazandars, the Circassians who came in crowds from the villages to sell saddles, cloaks, and rams, crashed into the boy’s memory. Probably, it was then that Lermontov's spiritual birth took place, and, perhaps, it was then that the lines began to take shape in the child's head:

Like the sweet song of my homeland,

I love the Caucasus...

And now “many difficult years” have passed, and again a meeting, joyful and bright.

More than a century and a half had passed since that meeting, when on a May day in 1841 Lermontov crossed the threshold of a small house on the edge of the city, at the foot of Mashuk, together with his friend and relative A.A. Stolypin to inspect the apartment he offered. The apartment was very modest. And yet the poet liked it here, especially after he went out onto a small terrace attached to the house from the side of the front garden. Above the reed roofs of neighboring buildings and the green tops of young trees, a snow-white mountain range was visible, and the two-headed handsome Elbrus proudly towered above it.

There was nothing dearer to the poet than the mountains he had loved since childhood, which became constant companions of his life;

I greet you, gray-haired Caucasus!

I am not a stranger to your mountains:

They carried me from infancy

And accustomed to the skies of the desert.

And for a long time I dreamed from now on

All the sky of the south and the cliffs of the mountains.

So the poet begins the poem "Izmail Bay" with an exciting appeal to his beloved land. And here's another one: "... in the distance the same mountains, but at least two rocks similar to one another - and all these snows burned with a ruddy sheen so cheerfully, so brightly that it seems that one would have to live here forever"

And on the other side, from the north, affectionate Mashuk looked into the courtyard. Since then, in an unremarkable, small, reed-roofed house, immortality has settled together with the poet.

But the fate of the house did not develop immediately. It was as difficult as the life of the poet himself. For many decades, the house passed from one private owner to another. Among them came across not only bad connoisseurs of this historical relic, but simply useless owners. The house was dilapidated, sometimes a serious danger of destruction hung over it.

Only in 1912, the house was purchased by the Pyatigorsk city government and transferred to the jurisdiction of the Caucasian Mining Society. The resolution of the city government reads: “... to provide the estate with Lermontov's House at the disposal of the Caucasian Mountain Society for placement in the front facade house of the museum and the library of the society, and in the wing where the poet lived, to concentrate all things related to the name of M.Yu. Lermontov and the heroes of his novel and poems, on the condition that the society will, at its own expense, maintain a watchman at the House and take care of the integrity and safety of the historical estate. At the same time, the KGO founded a museum in it, giving it a respectfully established among the people warm name- Lermontov's House. official date The opening of the museum is considered June 27, 1912. The first collection to the museum fund, made at the same time, amounted to 63 rubles.

After the October Revolution, the poet's house was taken by the state for safekeeping as a monument of national culture. Since 1946, the museum has been located next door former home Verzilin, where Lermontov often visited, where the poet quarreled with Martynov.

Two years later, the literary department of the museum was opened in Verzilin's house.

In 1964 - 1967, a lot of work was done to restore the poet's house, its original appearance was restored.

In 1973, a new chapter in the history of the museum opened: the State Museum-Reserve of M.Yu. Lermontov. Its center is the unique memorial Lermontov quarter, in which houses associated with the name of M.Yu. Lermontov have been preserved.

The last chapter in the history of the museum was written in 1997, when the “Alyabiev House” was opened, which is the literary and musical department of the museum.

The most famous in the Lermontov quarter is a house under a reed roof, where Lermontov lived the last two months of his life, from where he was escorted to last way; here the last poems of the poet were written, which became masterpieces of Russian literature.

“Yesterday I arrived in Pyatigorsk, rented an apartment on the edge of the city, on the highest place, at the foot of Mashuk: during a thunderstorm, clouds will descend to my roof. This morning at five o'clock in the morning, when I opened the window, my room was filled with the smell of flowers growing in a modest front garden ... "

There is a house in the center of the courtyard in the middle of the estate so that it can be walked around and examined from all sides. The view of the house is surprisingly modest: low walls painted with white lime, slightly covered with a reed roof, windows of various sizes with wide open shutters. On the facade of the house, at the entrance - a small memorial plaque: "The house in which the poet M.Yu. Lermontov lived." It was installed in 1884 by a group of admirers of the poet on the initiative of the Russian playwright A.N. Ostrovsky.

Of the four rooms of the house, two were occupied by A. Stolypin, and two, facing the garden, were called the "Lermontov half." General form and the furnishings of the rooms are remarkably modest. Much says that the exiled poet lived here, forced to wander from the roadside “for official needs” and found temporary shelter in this house: a stroller chest, a camping folding samovar, a narrow folding bed.

Lermontov's bedroom was in a corner room with a window overlooking the garden. In this small room, which served as a temporary office for the poet, Lermontov was left alone with his thoughts and feelings. Most often this was possible at night or at dawn, when he was alone and could give complete freedom to the most intimate thing that worried him.

About what the poet lived spiritually during these hours, the descendants learned from the only precious source, about which in the “Inventory left after Tenginsky killed in a duel infantry regiment lieutenant Lermontov" was recorded tragically simply: "8. The book for draft essays was donated to the late Prince Odoevsky in leather binding ... 1. This book is nothing more than a notebook donated to the poet V.F. Odoevsky during his last departure from St. Petersburg to the Caucasus: “The poet Lermontov is given this old and beloved book of mine so that he returns it to me himself and all written ... 1841. April 13, St. Petersburg.

What was recorded by Lermontov in this book constituted his poetic diary and was the greatest asset of Russian poetry. There are 254 pages in the book. On 26 pages, poems were written before arriving in Pyatigorsk: "Cliff", "Dream", "Dispute". And in “The House” - “They loved each other”, “Tamara”, “Date”, “Leaflet”, “No, I don’t love you so passionately”, “I go out alone on the road”, “ sea princess”, “Prophet”.

Rereading the poems, one can understand the state of the poet's soul in the last months, weeks, days of his short but very bright life. Here is a familiar to all of us from the 6th grade course, such a sad, slightly fabulous poem “Leaf”:

An oak leaf broke away from a branch of a native

And he rolled off into the steppe, driven by a cruel storm;

It withered and withered from the cold, heat and grief

And finally, he reached the Black Sea,

………………………………………………………………………..

This poem is about the loneliness of the leaf, its suffering. He is looking for a kindred spirit and does not find. The image of a leaf is a symbol of the tragic loneliness of a person in the world, a symbol of an exile, widespread in the poetry of the 19th century. Under this symbol hides a lonely man who has gone through many trials and is not understood by anyone. lyrical hero. And of course, this poem is a reflection on the unfortunate fate of a person, proud, lonely, always looking for something that has no hope for happiness, suffering, about such a person as the poet himself was. In the movement of the sheet to the south, autobiographical moments of exile are visible. The date "1841" confirms this point - in 1841 Lermontov was forced to return from St. Petersburg to the Caucasus, he was unexpectedly torn from St. Petersburg, where, as his contemporaries testify, he was loved and spoiled in a circle of relatives, where he was understood and appreciated.

One can only guess what thoughts Lermontov had when he paced from corner to corner in his temporary office in the "Domik" or wandered late in the evening along the quiet boulevard. It is unlikely that any of the comrades who were constantly in the "Domik" would believe that Michel, always so cheerful, kind, often mocking, capable of even childish pranks, lives a complex inner life, that he "and hurt", "and difficult". The poet did not trust anyone with his feelings and moods. And only by reading his last poems, we have the opportunity to understand them. The artistic value of the last poems by M.Yu. Lermontov was determined by V.G. Belinsky: “... everything was here - an original living thought ... and some kind of power ... and this originality, which is the property of some geniuses ... there is no extra word, not just an extra page; everything is in place, everything is necessary, because everything is felt, before it is said, everything is seen, before it is put on the picture ... ".

Being in the “House”, one cannot think without excitement that one is standing in those very rooms where Lermontov’s voice sounded, one sees genuine wooden floors, which in the silence of the night with a slight creak answered the steps of the poet, who remained here after a noisy day alone with himself.

Lermontov's favorite place for work and leisure was a small terrace, to which a door led from the living room. Not far from the terrace in the garden, the leaves of an old maple, the only surviving contemporary of the poet, quietly rustle. He was a witness to his labors and inspiration. A young walnut grows next to the maple - a descendant of a huge walnut tree that stood here in the time of Lermontov. It grows from the still visible remnant of a mighty old root, symbolizing the immortality of Lermontov's poetry. Next to these trees in 1964, the museum staff planted an oak. This oak tree has already become an adult oak tree. He reminds the visitors of the "House" about the poetic testament of M.Yu. Lermontov:

Above me so that, forever green,

The dark oak leaned over and rustled.

I want to complete the story about this unusual house under a reed roof with a poem by the wonderful Stavropol poet Sergei Rybalko. It is called "Pyatigorsk".

What autumn is now in Pyatigorsk,

How bright are the maples in their gold!

In the cherished house to visit Lermontov

We are walking on stone steps.

Away, behind a light haze of fog,

Burning with snow in the blue sky,

Elbrus rises like an epic giant,

Levey - Kazbek, like a rider on a horse.

And nearby, here, behind the hats of chestnuts,

Hulls are turning white under Mashuk.

And in the highlander's cloak the royal Beshtau

It props up the heavens.

Autumn day bathes the leaves in the sun.

And a contemporary who saw the singer,

Ancient maple with golden leaves

Meets us at the low porch.

And it seems, though it's hard to believe,

What now, without lowering your eyes,

Lermontov himself will open the doors wide open

And give a hand to everyone in a friendly way.

The most important part of the literary-memorial complex is its literary department, located in the house of the Verzilins. The exposition of this section is devoted to the topic "M.Yu. Lermontov in the Caucasus". It acquaints visitors with the history of the poet's ties with the Caucasus and, in particular, with Pyatigorsk.

The house of the Verzilins in Lermontov's time was one of the most famous in Pyatigorsk. The hospitality of the family of Major General Verzilin, which consisted of the mistress of the house and three daughters (Verzilin himself was at that time on business outside of Pyatigorsk), attracted a large society to him, mainly from among the youth. Lermontov, who lived in the neighborhood, often came here. His last visit was on July 13, 1841. He came with L.S. Pushkin, S.V. Trubetskoy and other acquaintances. That evening he was challenged to a duel.

Lermontov's second cousin Evgenia Akimovna Shan-Girey lived in the Verzilinsky house for many years, who died here in 1943 at the age of 87. And in 1946, thanks to the support of well-known Lermontov scholars and cultural figures B. Eikhenbaum, N. Brodsky,

B. Neiman, V. Manuilov, I. Andronikov, N. Pakhomov The Pyatigorsk executive committee decided to transfer the Verzilin estate to the museum.

The living room has been restored to its original state. One of the living room doors leads to the corridor and to the old stone staircase that has survived to this day, on which Martynov detained Lermontov, clearly provoking him into a quarrel. Here the poet was challenged to a duel.

The literary department of the museum contains historical documents, autographs of Lermontov, books and magazines of that time, paintings and drawings of the poet, portraits of people from his Caucasian environment, views of the places where the poet had to wander, and many other pictorial and documentary materials that tell visitors about what a special place the Caucasus occupied in the life and work of Lermontov, which gave the poet communication with this region of Russian literature.

The poet speaks with delight about the harsh and majestic region, which was for him a symbol of freedom, an inspirer to the inexorable struggle for human freedom.

To you, the Caucasus, - the harsh king of the Earth -

I dedicate a sloppy verse again.

As a son you bless him

And autumn peak snow-white!

From early years boils in my blood

Your heat and your storms are a rebellious impulse;

In the north, in a country that is foreign to you,

I am your heart - always and everywhere yours ...

In some of the early poems of M.Yu. Lermontov, along with a description of life, the life of the Caucasian peoples, there are detailed descriptions places where we live. The action of the poem "Aul Bastunji", based on a mountain legend, takes place in the Pyatigorye region.

Between Mashuk and Beshtu, back

He was thirty years old, there was an aul ...

... A wild picture of the native land

And heaven's beauty

The pensive Beshta surveyed.

Long ago, by clear waters,

Where Podkumok rushes over the flints,

Where the day rises after Mashuk,

And behind the steep Beshtu sits down, near the border of a foreign land

Peaceful auls bloomed,

They were proud of their mutual friendship;

The Caucasus called and beckoned the poet, shimmering mysteriously with its snowy peaks.

Another exhibit in the Lermontov quarter deserves special attention. This is Umanov's corner house. At that time, a former fellow soldier of Lermontov in the Grodno regiment A.I. rented a room in this house. Arnoldi

Appearance house, built in 1823, completely restored. It houses the exposition of the department "M.Yu. Lermontov in Fine Arts". Here are portraits of Lermontov, illustrations for the works of the poet, made by Russian and Soviet artists: K.A. Savitsky, I.E. Repin (Prophet. Watercolor. 1891), M.A. Zichy, S.V. Ivanov (Dream. Watercolor. 1891), V.A. Serov (Bela. Watercolor. 1891), M.A. Vrubel and others.

The location of the Fine Arts Department in the Umanov House is not accidental. It is justified not only by reasons of a museum nature, but also by the desire to note the fact that the paths of people involved in the fine arts accidentally converged in this house.

Officer Arnoldi was fond of drawing. Lermontov presented him with two of his paintings: "Memories of the Caucasus" and "Circassian". Arnoldi sketched a view of the terrace of the house in which Lermontov lived. He also captured the grave at the Pyatigorsk cemetery.

Together with Arnoldi, his art teacher, the artist R.K., settled in this house. Swedish. He owns a portrait of the Decembrist N.I. Lorer, painted from life on the veranda of Umanov's house and kept in the museum's funds. Shwede painted Lermontov on his deathbed the day after the duel. According to this posthumous portrait of M.I. Zeidler, an officer who was fond of sculpture and painting, made a plaster bas-relief, which is now stored in the funds of the museum - reserve in Pyatigorsk.

One of the oldest houses in the Lermontov Quarter is the Alyabyev House. It was built in 1823 by the commandant of the Mozdok fortress, Colonel Kotyrev, for his own residence and for renting out to visitors of the Caucasian Mineralnye Vody. After his death, the house was inherited by his wife, in the second marriage, M.I. Karabutova. Therefore, another name for the museum object is "HOUSE of Kotyrev - Karabutova". In 1832, the composer A.A. rented an apartment in this house. Alyabyev, who created here the romance "The Secret" and a number of works on Caucasian themes. In the 1980s, at the initiative of the State Museum-Reserve M.Yu. Lermontov, a memorial plaque was installed on the house in memory of the composer A.A. Alyabyeva.

Museum "Alyabyev's House" was opened in 1997. It is the literary and musical department of the museum. This is the only memorial museum of the composer in Russia. Its exposition is devoted to the theme of the Caucasus in the life and work of Alyabyev, as well as the theme of "Lermontov in music". Genuine musical editions of the Lermontov time, rare lithographs with views of Moscow, Lermontov's painting "Attack of the Life Hussars near Warsaw" are exhibited. The music collection of the museum consists of over 1500 items of the main fund.

The premises of the Alyabyev House are used for various exhibitions from the museum's collection, as well as exhibitions of artists from the Stavropol Territory. Musical evenings of the old Russian romance are held in the music salon and the exhibition hall, instrumental compositions by Alyabyev are heard.

The Lermontov theme remains one of the most attractive in contemporary art and a priority in the activities of the museum-reserve.

What a good thing - REMARK,

What a good thing - HISTORY!

The memory of the great Russian poet Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov attracts thousands of guests of our city, indigenous people, students and schoolchildren to this interesting quarter in order to pay tribute to the person who entered best chapter in his literary history, to a man whose life and fate from childhood to last days was connected with our region, with our city.

And Lermontov ... he is full of light,

The living passes through the ages.

Him a wreath of poems poets

Carry to the foot of Mashuk.

Research

"Literary places of my city"

Pavlova Valeria

11 A class

MKOU Lyceum No. 15,

Stavropol region

Teacher - Selezneva

Taisa Sergeevna

1. House of General P.S. Verzilin
2. Lermontov's house
3. House of V.P. Umanov
4. House of Alyabyev
5. House of V.I. Chilaev
6. V.P.Umanov's wing
7. V.P.Umanov's kitchen
8. Stable and household buildings on the estate of V.I. Chilaev

Since then, many difficult years have passed,

And again you met me between your rocks.

As once a child, your greetings

The exile was joyful and bright.

He shed oblivion of troubles into my chest ...

The meeting of two equally beautiful natural phenomena - the Caucasus and Lermontov - happened by God's will in 1820. The Caucasus was then as great and powerful as it is today. But in a six-year-old sick boy brought here from the Penza province, hardly anyone could guess the future genius. But it was then that the beautiful pictures of the Caucasian nature, the folk songs of the highlanders performed by the sazandars, the Circassians who came in crowds from the villages to sell saddles, cloaks, and rams, crashed into the boy’s memory. Probably, it was then that Lermontov's spiritual birth took place, and, perhaps, it was then that the lines began to take shape in the child's head:

Like the sweet song of my homeland,

I love the Caucasus...

And now “many difficult years” have passed, and again a meeting, joyful and bright.

There was nothing dearer to the poet than the mountains he had loved since childhood, which became constant companions of his life;

I greet you, gray-haired Caucasus!

I am not a stranger to your mountains:

They carried me from infancy

And accustomed to the skies of the desert.

And for a long time I dreamed from now on

All the sky of the south and the cliffs of the mountains.

So the poet begins the poem "Izmail Bay" with an exciting appeal to his beloved land. And here's another: "... in the distance the same mountains, but at least two rocks similar to one another - and all these snows burned with a ruddy sheen so cheerfully, so brightly that it seems that one would have to live here forever"

And on the other side, from the north, affectionate Mashuk looked into the courtyard. Since then, in an unremarkable, small, reed-roofed house, immortality has settled together with the poet.

Only in 1912, the house was purchased by the Pyatigorsk city government and transferred to the jurisdiction of the Caucasian Mining Society. The resolution of the city government reads: “... to provide the estate with Lermontov's House at the disposal of the Caucasian Mountain Society for placement in the front facade house of the museum and the library of the society, and in the wing where the poet lived, to concentrate all things related to the name of M.Yu. Lermontov and the heroes of his novel and poems, on the condition that the society will, at its own expense, maintain a watchman at the House and take care of the integrity and safety of the historical estate. At the same time, the KGO founded a museum in it, giving it a respectfully warm name that was established among the people - "Lermontov's House". The official opening date of the museum is June 27, 1912. The first collection to the museum fund, made at the same time, amounted to 63 rubles.

After the October Revolution, the poet's house was taken by the state for safekeeping as a monument of national culture. Since 1946, the former house of the Verzilins located in the neighborhood, which Lermontov often visited, where the poet had a quarrel with Martynov, entered the museum.

Two years later, the literary department of the museum was opened in Verzilin's house.

In 1964 - 1967, a lot of work was done to restore the poet's house, its original appearance was restored.

The last chapter in the history of the museum was written in 1997, when the “Alyabiev House” was opened, which is the literary and musical department of the museum.

The most famous in the Lermontov quarter is a house under a reed roof, where Lermontov lived the last two months of his life, from where he was escorted on his last journey; here the last poems of the poet were written, which became masterpieces of Russian literature.

Of the four rooms of the house, two were occupied by A. Stolypin, and two, facing the garden, were called the "Lermontov half." The general appearance and furnishings of the rooms are remarkably modest. A lot says that the exiled poet lived here, forced to wander from the roadside “for official needs” and found temporary shelter in this house: a stroller chest, a camping folding samovar, a narrow folding bed.

What the poet lived spiritually during these hours, the descendants learned from the only precious source, about which in the “Inventory left after Lieutenant Lermontov, who was killed in a duel of the Tenginsky Infantry Regiment” was written tragically simply: “8. The book for draft essays was donated to the late Prince Odoevsky in leather binding ... 1. This book is nothing more than a notebook donated to the poet V.F. Odoevsky during his last departure from St. Petersburg to the Caucasus: “The poet Lermontov is given this old and beloved book of mine so that he returns it to me himself and all written ... 1841. April 13, St. Petersburg.

What was recorded by Lermontov in this book constituted his poetic diary and was the greatest asset of Russian poetry. There are 254 pages in the book. On 26 pages, poems were written before arriving in Pyatigorsk: "Cliff", "Dream", "Dispute". And in “House” - “They loved each other”, “Tamara”, “Date”, “Leaflet”, “No, I don’t love you so passionately”, “I go out alone on the road”, “Sea Princess”, “ Prophet".

An oak leaf broke away from a branch of a native

And he rolled off into the steppe, driven by a cruel storm;

It withered and withered from the cold, heat and grief

And finally, he reached the Black Sea,

………………………………………………………………………..

This poem is about the loneliness of the leaf, its suffering. He is looking for a kindred spirit and does not find. The image of a leaf is a symbol of the tragic loneliness of a person in the world, a symbol of an exile, widespread in the poetry of the 19th century. Under this symbol lies a lone lyrical hero who has gone through many trials and is not understood by anyone. And of course, this poem is a reflection on the unfortunate fate of a person, proud, lonely, always looking for something that has no hope for happiness, suffering, about such a person as the poet himself was. In the movement of the sheet to the south, autobiographical moments of exile are visible. The date "1841" confirms this point - in 1841 Lermontov was forced to return from St. Petersburg to the Caucasus, he was unexpectedly torn from St. Petersburg, where, as his contemporaries testify, he was loved and spoiled in a circle of relatives, where he was understood and appreciated.

Above me so that, forever green,

The dark oak leaned over and rustled.

I want to complete the story about this unusual house under a reed roof with a poem by the wonderful Stavropol poet Sergei Rybalko. It is called "Pyatigorsk".

What autumn is now in Pyatigorsk,

How bright are the maples in their gold!

In the cherished house to visit Lermontov

We are walking on stone steps.

Away, behind a light haze of fog,

Burning with snow in the blue sky,

Elbrus rises like an epic giant,

Levey - Kazbek, like a rider on a horse.

And nearby, here, behind the hats of chestnuts,

Hulls are turning white under Mashuk.

And in the highlander's cloak the royal Beshtau

It props up the heavens.

Autumn day bathes the leaves in the sun.

And a contemporary who saw the singer,

Ancient maple with golden leaves

Meets us at the low porch.

And it seems, though it's hard to believe,

What now, without lowering your eyes,

Lermontov himself will open the doors wide open

And give a hand to everyone in a friendly way.

The house of the Verzilins in Lermontov's time was one of the most famous in Pyatigorsk. The hospitality of the family of Major General Verzilin, which consisted of the mistress of the house and three daughters (Verzilin himself was at that time on business outside Pyatigorsk), attracted a large society to him, mainly from among the youth. Lermontov, who lived in the neighborhood, often came here. His last visit was on July 13, 1841. He came with L.S. Pushkin, S.V. Trubetskoy and other acquaintances. That evening he was challenged to a duel.

B. Neiman, V. Manuilov, I. Andronikov, N. Pakhomov The Pyatigorsk executive committee decided to transfer the Verzilin estate to the museum.

The poet speaks with delight about the harsh and majestic region, which was for him a symbol of freedom, an inspirer to the inexorable struggle for human freedom.

To you, the Caucasus, - the harsh king of the Earth -

I dedicate a sloppy verse again.

As a son you bless him

And autumn peak snow-white!

From early years boils in my blood

Your heat and your storms are a rebellious impulse;

In the north, in a country that is foreign to you,

I am your heart - always and everywhere yours ...

In some of the early poems of M.Yu. Lermontov, along with a description of the life and way of life of the Caucasian peoples, there are detailed descriptions of the places where we live. The action of the poem "Aul Bastunji", based on a mountain legend, takes place in the Pyatigorye region.

Between Mashuk and Beshtu, back

He was thirty years old, there was an aul ...

... A wild picture of the native land

And heaven's beauty

The pensive Beshta surveyed.

Long ago, by clear waters,

Where Podkumok rushes over the flints,

Where the day rises after Mashuk,

And behind the steep Beshtu sits down, near the border of a foreign land

Peaceful auls bloomed,

They were proud of their mutual friendship;

The Caucasus called and beckoned the poet, shimmering mysteriously with its snowy peaks.

The exterior of the house, built in 1823, has been completely restored. It houses the exposition of the department "M.Yu. Lermontov in Fine Arts". Here are portraits of Lermontov, illustrations for the works of the poet, made by Russian and Soviet artists: K.A. Savitsky, I.E. Repin (Prophet. Watercolor. 1891), M.A. Zichy, S.V. Ivanov (Dream. Watercolor. 1891), V.A. Serov (Bela. Watercolor. 1891), M.A. Vrubel and others.

One of the oldest houses in the Lermontov Quarter is the Alyabyev House. It was built in 1823 by the commandant of the Mozdok fortress, Colonel Kotyrev, for his own residence and for renting out to visitors of the Caucasian Mineralnye Vody. After his death, the house was inherited by his wife, in the second marriage, M.I. Karabutova. Therefore, another name for the museum object is "HOUSE of Kotyrev - Karabutova". In 1832, the composer A.A. rented an apartment in this house. Alyabyev, who created here the romance "The Secret" and a number of works on Caucasian themes. In the 1980s, at the initiative of the State Museum - Reserve M.Yu. Lermontov, a memorial plaque was installed on the house in memory of the composer A.A. Alyabyeva.

The Lermontov theme remains one of the most attractive in contemporary art and a priority in the activity of the museum-reserve.

What a good thing - P A M I T b,

What a good thing - AND STORIO R AND I!

The memory of the great Russian poet Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov attracts thousands of guests of our city, indigenous people, students and schoolchildren to this interesting quarter in order to pay tribute to the person who wrote the best chapter in his literary history, a person whose life and destiny from childhood and until the last days was connected with our region, with our city.

And Lermontov ... he is full of light,

The living passes through the ages.

Him a wreath of poems poets

Carry to the foot of Mashuk.

(project on literature; Additional materials)

Who among us has not been to places where one breathes deeply, the city bustle and noise recede, where one wants to sing and create after city imprisonment. Many of the famous poets at one time aspired to such places, leaving the capitals and secular life. And they did not regret it, it was in such places where untouched nature, harmony and tranquility reigned, and real masterpieces of the pen were born.

I was born for a peaceful life
For rural silence;
In the wilderness, the voice of the lyre is louder,
Live creative dreams.

This is A. S. Pushkin, and N. A. Nekrasov echoes him:

Again she, native side,
With her green fertile summer,
And again the soul is full of poetry ...
Yes, only here can I be a poet...

Turgenev expresses this in a beautiful formula: "It is written well only when living in a Russian village. There, the air seems to be full of thoughts ... "However, at the same time, everyone has in mind a special village, a special corner of the earth, where it is easier for him to breathe, easier to create, easier to translate his creative dreams into words. And he will not confuse this corner with any other - A. N. Ostrovsky has been to Karabikha, and I. S. Turgenev in Yasnaya Polyana, but Turgenev's air is "full of thoughts" in the Oryol village, in his Spasskoye, and Ostrovsky's in Shchelykovo.

Literary places in Russia and not only ... They are different in many ways, including the significance that each given place occupied in the writer's life. Sometimes the poet spends his childhood there in Ovstug, sometimes he just visits; sometimes these are very short, fleeting meetings: Gurzuf for A. S. Pushkin, Taman for M. Yu. Lermontov, and often it is a deep, life-long love (Krasny Rog, Yasnaya Polyana, Spasskoe-Lutovinovo). But there is something that unites them and unites them. This is an exceptional beauty of nature. A man gifted with a stand-up analytical ability, would single out the steps and turns of feeling here, would find here everything that true love is rich in. For example, the ability to penetrate the external with a glance and see beyond it, to see further and deeper, as S. D. Sheremetev beautifully said: “Whoever seeks the richness and diversity of nature, whose thought wanders and is carried away into someone else’s distance, will not be satisfied with the modest nature of Ostafiev, but whoever has not exhausted his native feeling will understand that he is at home here, because this nature is Russia.

This love develops in different ways: remember how many times M. M. Prishvin tried on Dunino, which for us is always associated with his name, but often it is love at first sight. So it was with S. T. Aksakov, who immediately realized that Abramtsevo was so native, consonant with the structure of his soul, Aksakov’s, that it was here that he would gain strength and boldness and, forgetting weakness and half-blindness, would utter the word needed by descendants. There is in this love and initial delight. Then comes creation, creative work, but first - admiration, in which the words peace, harmony, harmony are heard most of all, about which S. T. Aksakov said: "... what peace has spilled into my soul!". This same world, this harmony makes Turgenev wonder about creating something big, calm, looking for simple and clear lines. The works may be different, but they undoubtedly carry a reflection of this harmony. It is no coincidence that when reading Aksakov, the presence of such a "pleasant, clear and complete sensation that nature itself excites" is noted.

Spasskoye-Lutovinovo

“When you are in Spasskoye, bow from me to the house, the garden, bow to my young oak - bow to your homeland,” wrote the mortally ill Turgenev from France, sending a farewell bow to Russia.

For Turgenev, the concepts of the motherland and Spassky-Lutovinov were in fact inseparable. Spasskoye meant too much in his fate: his childhood passed here, here he first felt and fell in love with Russian nature, the singer of which he was destined to become, and his people, his great masterpieces were created here - the novels "The Noble Nest", "On the Eve", " Fathers and Sons".

When in 1850 the question arose about the division of the inheritance, Ivan Sergeevich ceded the best part of the estates to his brother Nikolai in order to retain Spasskoye. In a year and a half of forced exile that followed the publication of an article on Gogol's death, Turgenev learned more precisely and closer modern life people, felt ready to create significant works: "Am I capable of something big, calm? Will I be given simple, clear lines?" Russian nature and Spasskoye brought classical clarity, chastity and harmony into the writer's works, which equally captivated both Russian and Western European readers.

In 1879, Turgenev, as if realizing that this was his last visit to Spasskoye, kept delaying his departure: he still wanted to breathe in the air of Spasskoye, its forests and fields. His letters from a foreign land are full of undisguised and poignant sadness, his last thoughts are dedicated to his homeland and his beloved Orlovgtsina: “I only think about returning in the spring to my beloved Mtsensk district ... Egor's day, nightingales, the smell of straw and birch buds, the sun and puddles along the roads - that what my soul yearns for!"

Abramtsevo

“We are looking to buy a village near Moscow ... I only want a pleasant location and a well-organized home,” Sergey Timofeevich Aksakov shared his worries with N.V. Gogol at the beginning of 1843.

Soon such a village was found. Abramtsevo with its ponds, the quiet river Vorey and the surrounding forests on all sides delights the whole family. The choice of Abramtsev was prompted by the location of the village. Radonezhye - this was the name of this corner of Moscow land, and Aksakovs, admirers of everything old Russian, were attracted by the fact that Radonezh was nearby, where Prince Dmitry Donskoy came to Sergius to ask for blessings before the Battle of Kulikovo, which was not far away, fifteen miles away, was the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. Extensive wooden house buildings of the 18th century was renovated, and since 1844 a large family of Aksakovs settled there.

With sincere cordiality, guests were met here - N.V. Gogol, M.S. Shchepkin, I.S. Turgenev, A.S. Khomyakov, Yu.F. Samarin, M.N. Zagoskin and many others. But the most remarkable thing is that Abramtsevo gave us the outstanding writer Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov. "The village embraced me with its scent of young leaves and blossoming bushes, its space, its silence and tranquility. I can't explain... what peace has spilled into my soul!" And the half-blind old man dictates to his daughter all his works of art, the best of which - "Family Chronicle" and "Childhood of Bagrov-grandson" - immediately put him on a par with the classics of Russian literature.

Naming Aksakov's works among the few books that had the most beneficial effect on him in his youth, A. M. Gorky wrote: "... these books washed my soul ... from these books, confidence calmly formed in my soul: I am not alone on earth and - I won't get lost."

Karabikha

The vast and rich manor "Karabikha" was built by the Yaroslavl governor, Prince M. N. Golitsin, in the style of the nobles of the Catherine's century. In 1861, it was bought by N. A. Nekrasov.

The poet had long been thinking about having a haven where he could work in the summer months, from where he could make long hunting trips. The area nearby was familiar to Nekrasov - Yaroslavl, "his dear side." While visiting Greshnev, on his father's estate, which was only thirty versts from here, the poet had acquaintances of peasants in almost every village, with some of whom he had a great friendship. Most often they were hunters. Nekrasov especially distinguished them, saying that "the most talented percentage of the Russian people separates into hunters." Yes, and he flourished on the hunt. The famous storyteller I.F. Gorbunov recalled that Nekrasov was unrecognizable on the hunt - "lively, cheerful, talkative, affectionate and good-natured with peasants." "The men loved him," added Gorbunov. It was from these incessant wanderings in the Yaroslavl, Vladimir and Kostroma provinces that the poet took out that true knowledge of Russian life, the Russian peasant, the lively speech of the people, which is so dear to us.

The routine of summer life in Karabikha was divided into hunting and literary work. The poet himself jokingly said: "I'm tired of writing, I go hunting. Tired of wandering, I'll sit down to work again."

Almost immediately after the purchase, Nikolai Alekseevich gave the reins of the estate to his enterprising brother Fyodor, leaving behind only an outbuilding (the Poet's Outbuilding). Here, in my favorite office, many well-known poems, poems "Grandfather", "Russian Women" and other works were created. During the days of work, the poet demanded that his solitude be complete. He locked himself in his office, and no one dared to disturb him. Even food was left in the next room.

Ovstug

Ovstug. Homeland of the great poet. Fedenka Tyutchev's earliest childhood passed here, here he lived in the "magic children's world", so excited the imagination of the child.

In this dilapidated house on the edge of Taman, just above the cliff. Lermontov spent two days in September 1837. While waiting for a mail ship to Gelendzhik, the poet experienced a risky adventure here, which almost cost him his life. The "honest smugglers" who occupied the house mistook him for a secret spy who wanted to expose them.

Returning here after a 27-year absence as an adult, Tyutchev looked around in surprise: “In front of me stands an old relic house in which we once lived ... a rather liquid linden alley several hundred paces long, which seemed to me immeasurable, - the whole magnificent world of my childhood, so diverse, so populated, and all this is enclosed in a few square feet. This is an inevitable meeting-disappointment in the life of every person, a meeting-loss, when the "dear world of childhood" recedes, is forced out by the "real" to remain only inside the person, in his soul. It is here, on the Bryansk land, the origins of the grandiose and mysterious poetic world of Fyodor Tyutchev, it is here the origins of his lyrical masterpieces:

Clouds are melting in the sky
And, radiant in the heat,
In sparks the river rolls
Like a steel mirror...
Wonderful day! Centuries will pass
They will be the same, in eternal order,
flow and sparkle river
And the fields breathe in the heat.

In August 1871, the poet visited his homeland for the last time, and this visit coincided with the efforts of his daughter, Maria Feodorovna Birileva, to open a school in Ovstug. The peasants of the district had long expressed their desire to have a school, but the two hundred and a half rubles collected were clearly not enough, and then Maria Fedorovna got down to business. Fyodor Ivanovich sympathetically reacted to her persistent and energetic efforts. Opened in September 1871, it was the largest rural school in the Bryansk district, the peasants and their descendants cherish the memory of the great poet and his daughter.

Mikhailovskoe

Pskov land...Mikhailovskoe - one of the most beautiful corners in Russia.

Here he lived and is buried greatest poet Russia. "native country "Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin called the ancient Pskov region: after all, this is not only the land of his ancestors, he felt spiritual kinship with her, understood her significance for his work. Simple people, its inhabitants, its songs and legends, its forests and fields full of modest charm personified the most precious thing for him - Russia, his homeland ...

It was here that there was a turn in Pushkin's work that made him a great national poet. This was already noted by Pushkin's contemporaries and friends, saying that his stay in the Pskov village helped his poetry "become completely Russian, original."

In 1824 - 1826 Mikhailovsky exile whiled away his days together with his nanny, Arina Rodionovna. Their relationship is striking in its amazing cordiality. “He’s all with her when he’s at home. The moment he gets up in the morning, he runs to look at her:“ Is mom healthy? ”He called her mother all the time ...” said Pushkin’s coachman Pyotr Parfenov. Often the poet also visited the Svyatogorsk Monastery - here were the graves of his grandfather and grandmother. He rummaged through the library of the monastery, finding in the ancient scrolls the most valuable evidence of bygone eras. And on fair days near the walls of the monastery, dressed almost in a peasant shirt, he listened to the songs of poor blind men, looked closely at the holy fools. The poet at that time completed "Boris Godunov "- the first truly folk Russian drama.

When in April 1836 Pushkin buried his mother near the walls of the Svyatogorsk Monastery, he ordered that he be buried next to his mother. Pushkin has been with us all our life. On his perfect creations, we learn to comprehend beauty, learn wisdom and humanity. Coming here, we seem to meet with him himself.

Yasnaya Polyana

Now it’s hard to imagine that it was once a simple village with a name similar to which there are thousands in Russia,Yasnaya Polyana was marked by the sign of fate and pulled out of the cycle of times and names.

Lived here for over fifty yearsLev Nikolayevich Tolstoy : here he was born, conceived and wrote most of his works, raised children. Here, in the forest, on the edge of the ravine, is his grave.Yasnaya Polyana - this is the estate of the maternal grandfather of the writer - Prince N. S. Volkonsky, who reached high ranks under Catherine II, but due to the refusal to follow the whims of her favorite, he suddenly lost his high position. His proud and independent disposition is described by Tolstoy in the old Prince Bolkonsky (War and Peace).

It was under the prince that the construction of the modern Yasnaya Polyana estate began. In the center of the ensemble there was a large two-story mansion (Volkonsky's house), but the writer did not live in it. He occupied the northeast wing. Extensions of different years have changed the appearance of the wing and turned it into a large house.

In another wing of the estate there was the Yasnaya Polyana school, which Lev Nikolaevich opened for peasant children in order to save the “Pushkins, Ostrogradskys, Filarets, Lomonosovs” drowning among the people. In the Yasnaya Polyana house, everything is carefully preserved as it was in Last year the life of the great writer. The surrounding nature is also carefully preserved, the favorite places for walks of Tolstoy, who considered the joy of communicating with nature "the purest joy ".

One more corner Yasnaya Polyana- Tolstoy's birch bridge. Lev Nikolaevich repeatedly reproduced in his works pictures of Yasnaya Polyana nature, which he passionately and reverently loved - the secluded corners of the park helped the writer feel a sense of belonging to life native land to feel its beauty and majesty.