The poem "Elegy" was written by N.A. Nekrasov in 1874. It is dedicated to A.N. Erakov, a friend of the poet, who became the husband of his beloved sister, Anna Alekseevna Butkevich. A.N. Erakov was a railway engineer. He was a kind, sympathetic person with great artistic taste. The poem "Recent Times" is also dedicated to him. Nekrasov sent him an "Elegy" on his name day, along with a letter that said: "I am sending you poems. Since these are the most sincere and beloved of the ones I have written in recent times I dedicate them to you, my dearest friend." The reason for writing the work was the speech of the literary historian O.F. Miller, in which he claimed that the poet began to repeat that "Nekrasov's direct description of the suffering of the people has been exhausted."
The genre of the work is indicated in the title - elegy. Its theme is the position of the Russian people and the role of the poet in society. So in the genre of elegy, the traditional motives of which are love, sadness, spiritual reflection and reflections on life, Nekrasov introduces social issues. We can attribute the poem to civil lyrics. His style is realistic.
The poem begins with the thought of the "Russian people". Opposing critics, the lyrical hero reflects on how relevant this topic is, how important it is for poetry. The first four lines represent the beginning, the definition of the topic:
Let the changing fashion tell us
That the theme is old - "the suffering of the people"
And that poetry should forget it, -
Don't believe me guys! she doesn't age.
And already here Nekrasov is an innovator. The elegy opens not with a motive of longing and not with an analysis of one's own feelings, as we have already noted above, but with an appeal to youth. And here we hear intonations and sermons, and testaments, and an open call.
Then we see the development of the theme. The lyrical hero comes to the conclusion that there is no subject more worthy and significant, that the poet is obliged to “Remind the crowd that the people are in poverty”, “Arouse attention to the people the mighty of the world". The muse, according to the hero, should become a constant companion of the people's fate:
Alas! while the nations
Dragging in poverty, submitting to scourges,
Like lean herds across mowed meadows,
Mourn their fate, the muse will serve them,
And in the world there is no stronger, more beautiful union! ..
The tone of speech here becomes solemn and excitedly pathetic. Nekrasov's poem echoes Pushkin's Village, where the poet mourns the plight of the peasant:
By this reminiscence, Nekrasov, as it were, makes it clear that little has changed in the life of the people since the time of Pushkin, that this topic is still very important. Analyzing your life path, the hero exclaims:
I dedicated the lyre to my people,
Perhaps I will die unknown to him,
But I served him - and my heart is calm ...
Let not every warrior harm the enemy,
But everyone go to battle! And fate will decide the battle ...
Then he turns to specific facts, recalling the event, of which he became a contemporary - the abolition of serfdom. However, did this liberation make the Russian people happy? We do not find an answer to this question:
I saw a red day: there is no slave in Russia!
And I shed sweet tears in tenderness ...
“Enough to rejoice in a naive passion, -
Muse whispered to me - it's time to move forward:
The people are liberated, but are the people happy?
In the third part of the tone lyrical hero becomes calm, the narration acquires an idyllic-elegiac character. With sadness, he notes that the reform did not bring relief to the people. Rhetorical questions convey his sorrowful reflections:
I'm looking for answers to my secret questions
Boiling in the mind: "In recent years
Have you become more tolerable, peasant suffering?
And replacing the long slavery,
Has freedom finally made a difference
In people's destinies? into the tunes of rural maidens?
Or is their discordant melody just as woeful? ..».
The last stanza of the elegy reveals thoughts about creative inspiration and about the people. The call of the poet, his questions remain unanswered. Only in nature does he find a response to the call of his soul:
And my song is loud!.. It is echoed by valleys, fields,
And the echo of distant mountains sends her feedback,
And the forest responded ... Nature listens to me,
But the one about whom I sing in the evening silence
To whom the poet's dreams are dedicated, -
Alas! he does not heed - and does not give an answer ...
Here is a reminiscence from Pushkin's poem "Echo":
You listen to the roar of thunders,
And the voice of the storm, and the waves,
And the cry of rural roosters -
And you send an answer;
You don’t have a response ... Such is
And you, poet!
The thought of both poets is similar: their work cannot find a response among the people. Nature is opposed to people here.
In this poem, the image of a lyrical hero appears quite clearly before us. This is no longer a young man who has chosen his own path and follows it when many have left it. This is a whole person, although he knows hesitations and mistakes, the naivety of hobbies, not too much self-confidence (“Perhaps I will die unknown to him ...”). This is a wise and courageous person (“... everyone go into battle! And fate will decide the battle ...”). He is not indifferent to the fate of youth - the future of Russia. This is a talented poet who creates according to free inspiration (“And the song itself is composed in the mind ...”). He is sure that one can live honestly only in selfless service to the people (“To arouse the attention of the powerful of the world to the people - What could the lyre serve more worthily?”).
The composition is divided into three parts. The first part is the beginning, an appeal to the youth. The second part is the development of the theme, the proclamation of the civil service of poetry to the Fatherland, the analysis of one's own creative way. The third part is the ending, reflections on the Russian people. The poem begins and ends with the same motive - the suffering of the people. In the finale, the lyrical hero does not speak about this directly, but the people do not heed his calls, the people are “silent”. This motif of silence is associated with the theme of moral suffering. Thus, we can speak of a ring composition.
The poem is written in iambic six-foot with pyrrhias, the rhyming is cross. The poet uses various means artistic expressiveness: epithets (“sweet tears”, “red day”), metaphor (“the muse will serve them”), personification (“And the forest responded ...”), comparison (“Like lean herds on mowed meadows ...”), anaphora (“ And the echo of distant mountains sends her feedback, And the forest responded ... "), rhetorical question(“What could the lyre serve more worthily?”), rhetorical exclamation (“But everyone go to battle!”), alliteration (“That the topic is old - “the suffering of the people”, “And I shed sweet tears in tenderness ...”), phraseologism (“to arouse the attention of the mighty of the world…”). The poet uses “high” vocabulary: “heeds”, “dragging”, “rock”, “lyre”, “I listen”, “virgins”.
Thus, Nekrasov considered poetic creativity as a civil service to the Fatherland, the Russian people. His muse was the muse of vengeance and sorrow, the muse cut with a whip. Denying “art for art’s sake”, the poet “understood the meaning of his vocation and served it invariably, without deviating to the side, without making any concessions and without being carried away by false, albeit brilliant, ghosts. Many people can be reproached with such hobbies, but not Nekrasov, who understood that “as long as the sun is not visible from anywhere”, then a poet with a similar mood is “ashamed to sleep” and
Objectives: to continue acquaintance with the theme of the lyrics of N.A. Nekrasov; show the meaning of elegy in the work of the poet; improve the skills of analyzing a poetic text. vocabulary work: elegy, synecdoche, pause, emotional tone, epithet, synonyms, antonyms, comparisons. Methodical methods: group work, students' messages, expressive reading.
Nekrasov is a whole poetic state, living according to its own laws ... R. Gamzatov Plan: 1. Originality of N.A. Nekrasov. 2. "The most sincere and beloved poems" 3. The composition of the poem: a) the emotional tone of the first part; b) the second part of the elegy; development of the theme of the poet and poetry; c) the third part; reflections on people's lives; d) the fourth part; the call of the poet. 4. Elegy is a living genre.
ON THE. Nekrasov is one of the giants of Russian poetry of the 19th century. Continuing the traditions of his great predecessors - A.S. Pushkin and M.Yu. Lermontov, Nekrasov at the same time opened a new page in the history of our poetry. He paved his way in literature as an innovative poet. His poetic works caused heated debate: his poems were called close to prose, dissertations on given topics, but, nevertheless, Nekrasov immediately found his reader.
"Elegy" (1874) Let the fickle fashion tell us, That the theme is old - "the suffering of the people" And that poetry should forget it, - Do not believe it, young men! she doesn't age. Oh, if years could make her old! God's world would flourish!.. Alas! while the peoples Dragging in poverty, submitting to scourges, Like lean herds through mowed meadows, Mourning their fate, their muse will serve them, And there is no stronger, more beautiful union in the world! sings To excite the attention of the mighty of the world to the people - What could the lyre serve more worthily? ..
Message from a student Alexander Nikolaevich Erakov (1817 - 1886) - engineer, friend of Nekrasov, husband of his sister. He was a railway engineer, a sympathetic and kind person, with great artistic taste. After the death of his first wife, Nekrasov's sister, Anna Alekseevna, raised Yerakov's children, and later married him. On August 29, 1874, Nekrasov wrote: “I am sending you poems. Since these are my most sincere and beloved ones I have written lately, I dedicate them to you, my dearest friend.
"Dictionary - reference book linguistic terms» Synecdoche (Greek synekdoche - connotation) - the transfer of meaning from one phenomenon to another; the use of the name of the whole instead of the name of the part, the general instead of the particular and vice versa, singular instead of plural. Young men are the younger generation as a whole. Youth is the future of the country.
"Elegy" - a controversy with those who believed that "the theme is old - the suffering of the people." Did the poet accidentally use quotation marks? "Do not believe, young men! she does not age.” Why is there a pause here? "Dictionary - a reference book of linguistic terms" Pause (Latin pausa from Greek pausis - termination). Temporary stop of sound, breaking the flow of speech. A pause is a break in sound that serves as a word divide.
II. Reflections on the life of people, on the life of entire nations. ... peoples Dragging in poverty, submitting to scourges, Like lean herds through mowed meadows. 1) "Drag" - what is the meaning of the verb? – I group. 2) Choose a synonym for the epithet SKINNY - II group. "Dictionary of synonyms" SKINNY - lean, thin, thin, relics, only bones, you can count the ribs, thin as a chip. CONCLUSION: accuracy, capacity, unexpectedness of the epithet is one of the indicators of the artist's skill.
Conclusion: The crowd is really a cluster of people, but living exclusively in petty concerns, indifferent to everything, this does not affect their personal well-being. "The crowd rejoices and sings", not paying attention to the suffering of others. “I understand the people as a great personality, animated by a single idea,” wrote M.P. Mussorgsky Then: people crowd antonyms
Part II of the elegy I dedicated the lyre to my people. Perhaps I will die unknown to him, But I served him - and my heart is calm ... Let not every warrior harm the enemy, But everyone go into battle! And fate will decide the battle ... I saw a red day: there is no slave in Russia! And I shed sweet tears in tenderness ... “Enough to rejoice in naive enthusiasm, - The muse whispered to me. “It’s time to move forward: The people are liberated, but are the people happy?...”
How does the theme of the poet and poetry develop here? Warrior enemy poetry for Nekrasov - a formidable weapon harm battle What does it mean to serve the people from the point of view of the lyrical hero of the "Elegy"? Let not every warrior harm the enemy, But everyone go into battle! And fate will decide the battle ... Conclusion: "Elegy" is an appeal addressed to young people to fight for the true happiness of the people.
How did the lyrical hero perceive the reform? rejoices like the crowd I saw a red day: there is no slave in Russia! And I shed sweet tears in tenderness .. When did the lyrical hero cease to be a man of the crowd? The people are liberated, but are the people happy? - interrogative sentence at the end of the second part.
III part of the elegy Reflection on the life of people. Has freedom finally brought about a change in people's destinies? The lyrical hero must see everything: the life of a peasant from infancy to old age, the female lot, the fate of men. Is there an answer to the question posed in the poem in the Elegy?
Do I listen to the songs of the reapers over the harvest of gold, Does the old man walk slowly over the plow, Does he run through the meadow, playing and whistling, With his father's breakfast, a contented child, Do the sickles sparkle, do the scythes ring in unison - I seek answers to secret questions Boiling in my mind: “In recent years, have you become more bearable, peasant suffering? And the long slavery that came to replace Freedom, finally, has it made a change In the people's destinies? into the tunes of rural maidens? Or is their discordant melody just as woeful?...”
The paradox of the "Elegy" The answer is contained at the very beginning of the poem: Let the changeable fashion tell us, That the theme is old - "the suffering of the people" And that poetry should forget it, - Do not believe it, young men! she doesn't age. Oh, if years could make her old! The lyrical hero is sure that the theme of "the suffering of the people" is not outdated; the poem is addressed to young people. It was important for N.A. Nekrasov to show how he came to the conclusion that it was necessary to continue the struggle for people's happiness, it was important that he be believed!
Evening is coming. Excited by dreams, Across the fields, across meadows lined with haystacks, I wander thoughtfully in the cool twilight, And the song itself is composed in my mind, Recent, secret thoughts are a living embodiment: I call blessings on rural labors, I promise curses to the people's enemy, And I pray to a friend in heaven of power And my song is loud!.. Dales, fields echo it, And the echo of distant mountains sends its responses to it, And the forest responded... Nature listens to me, But the one about whom I sing in the evening silence, To whom the poet's dreams are dedicated - Alas! he does not heed - and does not give an answer ...
Part IV The poet's call was not heard. The search for answers to "secret questions" results in a loud, wide song: ... And the song itself is composed in the mind ... And my song is loud!. Was the call of the poet heard in the last movement? But! The one about whom I sing in the evening silence To whom the dreams of the poet are dedicated - Alas! He does not heed - and does not give an answer.
When it ceases to be silent, "to submit to the scourges", to drag itself in poverty as an obedient herd That is, it will cease to be a crowd! What sign is at the end of the poem? Each part of the "Elegy" ends with this sign, reminiscent of a passage, indicating that everything can still change. What is he himself, the poet N.A. Nekrasov in the poem "Elegy"? What can be said about the poet after reading the "Elegy"?
Theses of the answer Give evidence: N.A. Nekrasov - He is a man who knows how not to flatter himself, look and think. - A poet who creates works not for the sake of fame, but for the sake of his conscience. - In the main, he, a man and a poet, is sure: you can live only in the service of the people - not to yourself. You can't be happy while "the people are in trouble" - He was never indifferent to the fate of young people, their path in life. Remember the signs inherent in the elegy, the features of the genre that allowed the author to best convey his "most sincere thoughts"
Literature Russian literature of the 19th century. Grade 10. Textbook for OU in 2 hours, part 2. (V.I. Korovin, N.L. Vershinina and others), 2006 "Enlightenment" Russian literature of the 19th century. Grade 10 Practicum. Tutorial for students of OU. (G.I. Belenky, E.A. Krasnovsky), "Enlightenment" Literature. Grade 10. Study guide for OU. At 2 o'clock (V.G. Marantsman, M.A. Mirzoyan), "Enlightenment" Russian literature of the 19th century. 10 cells Textbook for OU. At 2 o'clock (Yu.V. Lebedev), "Enlightenment" Skatov N.N. “I dedicated the lyre to my people”: About the work of N.A. Nekrasov Dictionary - a reference book of linguistic terms. A guide for teachers. M., "Enlightenment" Literature at school. 1, 2001 V.A.Morar – N.A.Nekrasov’s poem “Elegy” Lesson developments in literature of the 19th century. : Grade 10 - M .: VAKO, 2007
Late poem "Elegy" (A.N. E<раков>y) (1874) seems deliberately old-fashioned, emphatically traditionalist. It is written in Alexandrian verse (iambic 6-foot with paired rhyming), sustained in a high, solemn style, didactic and instructive, full of motifs dating back to the poetry of past times. Nekrasov abandoned the idea of starting it with the following witty couplet: “It’s old, isn’t it, to bake bread from flour? / However, try out the sand, bake it!” This couplet would have nicely prefaced the following lines, but its slight sarcasm would not have been quite appropriate in the mournful and majestic context of everything else. As a result, the "Elegy" began like this:
Let the changing fashion tell us
What is the theme of the old "suffering of the people"
And that poetry must forget it,
Don't believe me guys! she doesn't age.
This is a direct response to a lecture by the famous philologist O.F. Miller, in which he claimed that Nekrasov was repeating himself, continuing to vary the theme of “the suffering of the people” that he had already exhausted. The poet objects: no, this theme is inexhaustible, “does not grow old”. Pushkin already used the verb “grows old” with an emphasis on the second syllable, while Nekrasov in this case prefers the archaic form. Here he is somewhat similar to an old man teaching “young men” and rejecting any new fashion.
... Alas! while the nations
Dragging in poverty, submitting to scourges,
Like lean herds across mowed meadows,
Mourn their fate, Muse will serve them ...
For Nekrasov's Muse, see the section of this chapter devoted to the poem "Yesterday, at six o'clock ...". “Dragging”, “skinny”, “obeying the scourges” are clear echoes of Pushkin's “Village” (1819), an undisguised quote. Pushkin's anti-serf pathos, apparently, has not become outdated even when serfdom has already been abolished.
To excite the attention of the mighty of the world to the people -
What more worthy service could the lyre serve? ..
Where the Muse is, there, of course, is the lyre, again, as in Pushkin's poetry; and the next line of Nekrasov's "Elegy" became a textbook - as if an epigraph to the entire work of the poet, pronounced with a lyrical testamentary intonation:
I dedicated the lyre to my people.
But this is by no means a guarantee that the people will thank the lyre dedicated to him. Nekrasov has poems that express bitter doubts about this (“I am as alien to the people / I am dying as I began to live”, “And my song flew without a trace, / And it did not reach the people”). In the Elegy, the poet also doubts the recognition of the people: “Perhaps I will die unknown to him ...” Further, the poet’s thought turns to the consequences peasant reform 1861 Did the abolition of serfdom solve the painful problems of peasant life? It is said in “To whom it is good to live in Russia” that the broken “great chain”, hitting the master with one end, hit the peasant with the other. In the poem “How a coward is celebrated,” Nekrasov bitterly remarks: “In the life of a peasant, now free, / Poverty, ignorance, darkness.” A similar motif sounded in the "Elegy":
I saw a red day: there is no slave in Russia!
And I shed sweet tears in tenderness ...
“Enough to rejoice in a naive passion, -
Muse whispered to me. - It's time to move forward:
The people are liberated, but are the people happy?..”
The next stanza begins with a rhetorical-stylistic figure, the essence of which is this: whatever I do, I am busy with one thing. “Do I listen to the songs of the reapers ...”, etc. (cf. in Pushkin: “Do I wander along the noisy streets ...”). The word “songs” is either the accusative plural of “song” (and then the verb “I listen” is transitive), or the dative singular of “song”. Rather, the first, although there is the possibility of two understandings. So, no matter what the poet does, he is always looking for an answer to the question of whether freedom made the peasants happy, whether it brought a change “Into the people's destinies? into the tunes of rural maidens? / Or is their discordant melody just as mournful? Pushkin, in the author's notes to "Eugene Onegin," commented on his verse from Chapter IV, "Singing in a hut, a maiden ...": ". Nekrasov's words "the tunes of rural maidens" seem to be in solidarity with Pushkin's opinion that one can write about a singing peasant girl in a high style.
The final stanza of the "Elegy" begins with the words "Already the evening is coming." They refer us to a line from Zhukovsky's elegy "Evening": "It's already evening... The edges of the clouds have faded..." In the 19th century. did not forget this elegy of the old master. An excerpt from it, just beginning with the indicated line, entered the libretto of Tchaikovsky's opera The Queen of Spades (1890). The genre of elegy, that is, a thoughtfully sad poem, attracted Nekrasov, the author of the poetic cycles “Last Elegies” and “Three Elegies (A.N. Pleshcheev)”, the latter was created in the year the poem in question was written, in which an elegiac echo from Zhukovsky is heard.
In the last stanza, the lyrical hero wanders in the “cool semi-darkness”, blesses the “rural labors”, sends curses to the “people's enemy”, prays for the “friend” and sings. Nature listens and echoes the loud song - valleys, fields, mountains, forests.
But the one about whom I sing in the evening silence
To whom the poet's dreams are dedicated, -
Alas! he does not heed - and does not give an answer ...
Different poets vary a similar motive: the prophet, preacher, singer, poet enchanted nature, which gratefully listens to him, but the living people to whom he addresses are deaf, unreceptive to his inspired word. See “The Prophet” by Lermontov, “Bad the Preacher” by Polonsky, “Blind” by A.K. Tolstoy. Nekrasov, apparently, is connected to this well-established tradition. And the final line directly refers us to the ending of the 1st volume of Gogol's Dead Souls: “Rus, where are you rushing to? Give an answer. Doesn't give an answer." This is one of Nekrasov's many appeals to Gogol's creative experience.
In 1874, and is a response to the numerous attacks and accusations of the poet that in his works he constantly talks about the plight of the common people. In 1861, serfdom was abolished in Russia. The Conservatives were extremely unhappy with this, considering the decree an excessive premature measure. At the same time, their rage against the defenders of the people intensified. Nekrasov reflected his thoughts on the abolition of serfdom in his work, ironically calling it "Elegy". The poem is dedicated to the poet's friend - A. Erakov.
Genre of the poem
Despite its name, the work can be attributed to the genre civil lyrics, since it expresses the poet's thoughts about the remaining difficult situation of the peasants.
Main theme of the poem
The main theme of the poem is the author's rhetorical question about whether the life of the peasantry has really improved. Nekrasov claims that "the suffering of the people" is an inexhaustible theme for creativity. The upper classes cannot enjoy life in peace until the calamity of the common people in the country ceases.
The poet proudly declares: "I dedicated the lyre to my people." He does not care about recognition and honor. Having devoted his whole life to singing the suffering of the peasants, Nekrasov fulfilled his civic duty.
The abolition of serfdom is a "red day" for the poet, who finally brought the long-awaited freedom. However, after several years, Nekrasov begins to be tormented by the thought: is there really an improvement. His reflections on this and questions remain unanswered and hang in the air, inviting readers to answer them for themselves.
Nekrasov makes subtle allusions to the imaginary achievement of prosperity, mentioning the "people's enemy" and sadly noting that the people to whom he dedicates his work "does not heed ... and does not give an answer."
Composition
The poem can be divided into two parts. In the first, Nekrasov points out that creativity must necessarily protect the common people and describe their troubles. The transition to the second is the question: "Are the people happy?" after the reform. The second part consists of the poet's reflections on this painful question.
The size
The poem is written in iambic six-foot, which gives it solemnity and a touch of classicism.
Expressive means
Nekrasov makes extensive use of epithets in describing the plight of the peasantry ("lean herds", "sorrowful ... tune") and his imaginary well-being ("red day", "golden harvest"). The poet compares himself to a warrior fighting for a just cause. The upper classes of society are metaphorically represented in the image of the "people's enemy". The solemnity of the poem is emphasized by the use of high-profile "classic" words: "dragging", "rock", "heed".
The main idea of the poem is not expressed explicitly. The reader himself must guess that the bitter truth is hidden behind the author's lyrical reflections. The people were never delivered from their suffering, only the form changed, but not its age-old dependence itself.
Plan analysis of the poemElegy
- History of creation
- Genre of the work
- The main theme of the work
- Composition
- Artwork size
- The main idea of the poem
The name of the Russian poet and publicist Nekrasov is closely connected with the concept of civil folk lyrics. Nikolai Alekseevich, a nobleman by birth, lived in the interests of the most numerous class of contemporary Russia - the peasantry. The poet was disgusted by the hypocritical position of the landowners, who, despite their education and liberal sentiments, continued to be feudal lords, in fact, slave owners. That is why Nekrasov deliberately dedicated his lyre to the people, hoping that the burning poetic word would find a response and be able to change something. This idea is also heard in the work "Elegy". Nekrasov's verse still looks modern today.
How did the poem "Elegy" appear?
The people and the motherland are the central theme of all Nekrasov's works. However, not all contemporaries sympathized with the mood of the poet. Making an analysis of the poem "Elegy" by Nekrasov, it is impossible not to mention that lyrical work became an answer-refutation to those critics who reproached the poet for having "written his name" on the subject of the suffering of the people and was not able to say something new. The dedication that precedes the lines of the "Elegy" is addressed to the poet's friend A. Erakov, a deeply sympathetic and intelligent person. The work was presented to him on his name day and was accompanied by a letter in which the poet said that these were his “most sincere and beloved” poems.
The historical background against which Nekrasov worked
The “Elegy”, the analysis of which will be presented in the article, was written in 1874, thirteen years after the problem that worries Nekrasov’s heart is expressed in the question: is the people freed from the fetters of serfdom happy? No, the expected flourishing did not happen, simple people just as destitute and oppressed. Nekrasov was a supporter of the so-called "American" way of developing capitalism in Russia, in his opinion, the peasant will only live happily and freely when he runs his own household. The practice of exploitation was sharply and uncompromisingly condemned by the poet and citizen Nekrasov.
"Elegy". Analysis of the content of the poem
In the first part, the author refers to fashion trends in which there is no place for social sentiments, and laments that the times when poetry can glorify beauty have not yet come. The muse should loudly appeal to the conscience of the “powerful ones of the world” while “peoples drag themselves in poverty” and dutifully demolish their physical and moral slavery. Further, the poet claims that he himself “dedicated the lyre” to the people and expresses his credo: even if the result is not immediately visible, and efforts seem hopeless, nevertheless, “everyone go to battle!” In the second part of the poem, Nekrasov presents idyllic pictures of peasant life to the reader. "Elegy" (we will later supplement the analysis of the work with a study of the poetic techniques used by the author) very gently and at the same time sublimely conveys the poet's love and respect for the working people. In the third part, Nekrasov appeals to nature, personifying the universe, and contrasts her lively and passionate response with the indifferent silence of the people, to whom the passionate appeals of the poet are dedicated.
Artistic features of the poem
When Nekrasov proclaimed that a poet must be a citizen, they blamed him, they say, civic motives replaced poetry in his works. Is it so? An analysis of the verse "Elegy" by Nekrasov confirms that the poet was not at all alien to spectacular poetic devices. Written in iambic six-foot with pyrrhias, the poem immediately takes on an excitedly solemn intonation and recalls high examples of classicism. This is also evidenced by the words of high style: “heeds”, “virgins”, “rock”, “dragging”, “repeating”, “lyre”. Examining the poem, we are convinced of how skillfully Nekrasov uses the personification. "Elegy", the analysis of which, of course, is not exhausted by enumeration, presents fields and valleys attentively listening to the lyrical hero, and the forest - responding to him. The epithets are very expressive: “red day”, “sweet tears”, “naive passion”, “slow old man”, “excited by dreams”. The people under oppression are expressively compared with the "lean herds" in the "mowed meadows". Lira is metaphorically interpreted as a warrior serving for the benefit of people.
Nikolai Nekrasov, "Elegy". Genre form analysis
The genre of elegy arose in ancient times, the word is translated into Russian as "the mournful motif of the flute." This is a sad, thoughtful and even dull lyrics, the purpose of which is to describe and create in the listener sad thoughts about the transience of time, about separation from lovely people and places, about the vicissitudes of love. Why did Nekrasov choose this particular genre for his social poem? His love for the people was not rhetorical in nature, it was sharp, tragic and inescapable. The elegiac genre, prepared to express very personal feelings, emphasizes how carefully, intimately and painfully the poet's attitude to the people's share. At the same time, Nekrasov, as it were, crosses out the tradition of devoting lyrical creations to individual experiences and polemically proclaims another “fashion” - the lyre should reflect public interests as purely personal.
Finally
Possibly, in the poet's works, lyricism was inferior to citizenship, and his poems do not enchant with the elusive breath of harmony. However, who will argue with the fact that Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov is wise, in the highest degree compassionate, and the future of his country is dear to him? It is for this that we are grateful to this great Russian poet.
