Today we continue to study a complex sentence, in this lesson we will learn how to parse it.
1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement ( narrative, interrogative, imperative).
2. Determine the type of sentence by intonation ( exclamatory, non-exclamatory).
3. Highlight simple sentences as part of a complex, identify their foundations.
4. Determine the means of communication of simple sentences in a complex one ( allied, non-union).
5. Select minor members in each of the parts complex sentence, indicate whether it is common or non-common.
6. Note the presence of homogeneous members or treatment.
Proposal 1 (Fig. 1).
Rice. 1. Offer 1
The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex (has two grammatical bases), allied (connected by the union And), and the first and second parts are uncommon (Fig. 2).
Rice. 2. Analysis of sentence 1
Proposition 2 (Fig. 3).
Rice. 3. Offer 2
The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, non-union. The first part is widespread (there is a definition), the second is not common (Fig. 4).
Rice. 4. Analysis of sentence 2
Perform syntactic analysis of the sentence (Fig. 5).
Rice. 5. Offer
The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, allied. The first part is common, complicated by homogeneous predicates. The second part is common.
Rice. 6. Analysis of the offer
Bibliography
1. Russian language. Grade 5 In 3 parts Lvov S.I., Lvov V.V. 9th ed., revised. - M.: 2012 Part 1 - 182 p., Part 2 - 167 p., Part 3 - 63 p.
2. Russian language. Grade 5 Tutorial in 2 parts. Ladyzhenskaya T.A., Baranov M.T., Trostentsova L.A. and others - M.: Enlightenment, 2012. - Part 1 - 192 p.; Part 2 - 176 p.
3. Russian language. Grade 5 Textbook / Ed. Razumovskaya M.M., Lekanta P.A. - M.: 2012 - 318 p.
4. Russian language. Grade 5 Textbook in 2 parts Rybchenkova L.M. and others - M .: Education, 2014. - Part 1 - 127 p., Part 2 - 160 p.
1. Website of the festival of pedagogical ideas "Open Lesson" ()
Homework
1. What is the order parsing complex sentence?
2. What are the complex sentences for the means of communication between the parts?
3. Underline the grammatical foundations in the sentence:
The hurried dawn was approaching, the heavenly heights brightened.
The syntactic analysis of a simple sentence has become firmly established in the practice of initial and high school. This is the most difficult and voluminous type of grammatical analysis. It includes a description and scheme of the sentence, analysis by members, indicating the parts of speech.
The structure and meaning of a simple sentence is studied starting from grade 5. The full set of features of a simple sentence is indicated in the 8th grade, and in the 9th grade the focus is on complex sentences.
In this type of analysis, the levels of morphology and syntax are correlated: the student must be able to identify parts of speech, recognize their forms, find conjunctions, understand the ways of connecting words in a phrase, know the signs of the main and secondary members of a sentence.
Let's start with the simplest: we will help the guys prepare for parsing in 5th grade. In elementary school, the student memorizes the sequence of analysis and performs it at an elementary level, indicating the grammatical basis, syntactic relationships between words, the type of sentence in terms of the composition and purpose of the statement, learns to draw up diagrams and find homogeneous members.
Primary school uses different programs in Russian, so the level of requirements and preparation of students are different. In the fifth grade, I accepted children who studied in elementary school according to programs educational system"School 2100", "School of Russia" and "Primary School of the 21st Century". There are big differences. Teachers elementary school do a tremendous job to make up for the shortcomings of their textbooks, and themselves "make" successive links between elementary and secondary schools.
In grade 5, the material for parsing a sentence is generalized, expanded and built into a more complete form, in grades 6-7 it is improved taking into account the newly studied morphological units (verbal forms: participle and gerund; adverb and category of state; service words: prepositions, conjunctions and particles ).
Let's use examples to show the differences between the level of requirements in the format of parsing.
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In 4th grade |
In 5th grade |
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In a simple sentence, the grammatical basis is highlighted, familiar parts of speech are indicated above the words, homogeneous members are emphasized, phrases are written out or syntactic links between words are drawn. Scheme: [O -, O]. Narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, common, with homogeneous predicates. Exist. (main word) + adj., Ch. (main word) + noun. Ch. (main word) + places. Adverb + ch. (main word) |
Syntactic links are not drawn, phrases are not written out, the scheme and basic designations are the same, but the characteristics are different: narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, common, complicated by homogeneous predicates. Parsing is constantly practiced in the classroom and participates in the grammar tasks of control dictations. |
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In a complex sentence, grammatical foundations are emphasized, parts are numbered, familiar parts of speech are signed above the words, the type is indicated according to the purpose of the statement and emotional coloring, according to the composition and the presence of secondary members. Parsing scheme: [O and O] 1 , 2 , and 3 . Narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, common. |
The scheme remains the same, but the characteristics are different: narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, consists of 3 parts that are connected by an allied and allied connection, in 1 part there are homogeneous members, all parts are two-part and common. Parsing a complex sentence in grade 5 is educational in nature and is not a means of control. |
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Sentence schemes with direct speech: A: "P!" or "P," - a. The concept of quotation is introduced, which coincides in design with direct speech. |
The schemes are supplemented by a break in direct speech with the words of the author: "P, - a. - P." and "P, - a, - p". The concept of dialogue and ways of its design are introduced. Schemes are made up, but the characteristics of sentences with direct speech are not made. |
Plan for parsing a simple sentence
1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive).
2. Find out the type of sentence by emotional coloring (non-exclamatory or exclamatory).
3. Find the grammatical basis of the sentence, underline it and indicate the ways of expression, indicate that the sentence is simple.
4. Determine the composition of the main members of the proposal (two-part or one-part).
5. Determine the presence of minor members (common or non-common).
6. Underline the secondary members of the sentence, indicate the ways of their expression (parts of speech): from the composition of the subject and the composition of the predicate.
7. Determine the presence of missing members of the proposal (complete or incomplete).
8. Determine the presence of complications (complicated or not complicated).
9. Write down the characteristics of the proposal.
10. Draw up a proposal scheme.
For analysis, we used sentences from the beautiful fairy tales of Sergei Kozlov about the Hedgehog and the Bear cub.
1) It was an extraordinary autumn day!
2) Everyone's duty is to work.
3) Thirty mosquitoes ran out into the clearing and played their squeaky violins.
4) He has no father, no mother, no Hedgehog, no Bear cub.
5) And Squirrel took nuts and a cup and hurried after.
6) And they put things in a basket: mushrooms, honey, a kettle, cups - and went to the river.
7) And pine needles, and fir cones, and even cobwebs - they all straightened up, smiled and sang with all their might the last autumn song of the grass.
8) The Hedgehog lay, covered up to the very nose with a blanket, and looked at the Bear Cub with quiet eyes.
9) The hedgehog sat on a hill under a pine tree and looked at the moonlit valley flooded with fog.
10) Across the river, blazing with aspens, the forest darkened.
11) So until the evening they ran, jumped, jumped off a cliff and yelled at the top of their lungs, emphasizing the stillness and silence of the autumn forest.
12) And he jumped like a real kangaroo.
13) Water, where are you running?
14) Maybe he's crazy?
15) It seems to me that he imagined himself ... as the wind.
Examples of Parsing Simple Sentences
Today we continue to study a complex sentence, in this lesson we will learn how to parse it.
1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement ( narrative, interrogative, imperative).
2. Determine the type of sentence by intonation ( exclamatory, non-exclamatory).
3. Select simple sentences as part of a complex one, determine their foundations.
4. Determine the means of communication of simple sentences in a complex one ( allied, non-union).
5. Select minor members in each part of a complex sentence, indicate whether it is common or non-common.
6. Note the presence of homogeneous members or treatment.
Proposal 1 (Fig. 1).
Rice. 1. Offer 1
The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex (has two grammatical bases), allied (connected by the union And), and the first and second parts are uncommon (Fig. 2).
Rice. 2. Analysis of sentence 1
Proposition 2 (Fig. 3).
Rice. 3. Offer 2
The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, non-union. The first part is widespread (there is a definition), the second is not common (Fig. 4).
Rice. 4. Analysis of sentence 2
Perform syntactic analysis of the sentence (Fig. 5).
Rice. 5. Offer
The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, allied. The first part is common, complicated by homogeneous predicates. The second part is common.
Rice. 6. Analysis of the offer
Bibliography
1. Russian language. Grade 5 In 3 parts Lvov S.I., Lvov V.V. 9th ed., revised. - M.: 2012 Part 1 - 182 p., Part 2 - 167 p., Part 3 - 63 p.
2. Russian language. Grade 5 Tutorial in 2 parts. Ladyzhenskaya T.A., Baranov M.T., Trostentsova L.A. and others - M.: Enlightenment, 2012. - Part 1 - 192 p.; Part 2 - 176 p.
3. Russian language. Grade 5 Textbook / Ed. Razumovskaya M.M., Lekanta P.A. - M.: 2012 - 318 p.
4. Russian language. Grade 5 Textbook in 2 parts Rybchenkova L.M. and others - M .: Education, 2014. - Part 1 - 127 p., Part 2 - 160 p.
1. Website of the festival of pedagogical ideas "Open Lesson" ()
Homework
1. What is the order of parsing a complex sentence?
2. What are the complex sentences for the means of communication between the parts?
3. Underline the grammatical foundations in the sentence:
The hurried dawn was approaching, the heavenly heights brightened.
Words and phrases are the components of each sentence in writing and in oral speech. To build it, you should clearly understand what should be the connection between them in order to build grammatically correct statement. That is why one of the important and complex topics in school curriculum Russian language is the syntactic analysis of the sentence. With this analysis, full analysis of all components of the utterance and the connection between them is established. In addition, the definition of the structure of the sentence allows you to correctly place punctuation marks in it, which is quite important for every literate person. Usually, this topic begins with the analysis of simple phrases, and after the children are taught to parse the sentence.
Phrase parsing rules
Parsing a specific phrase taken from the context is relatively simple in the Russian language syntax section. In order to produce it, they determine which of the words is the main one, and which is dependent, and determine which part of speech each of them refers to. Next, you need to determine the syntactic relationship between these words. There are three of them in total:
- Agreement is a kind of subordinating relationship, in which the gender, number and case for all elements of the phrase determines the main word. For example: a receding train, a flying comet, a shining sun.
- Control is also one of the types of subordination, it can be strong (when the case connection of words is necessary) and weak (when the case of the dependent word is not predetermined). For example: watering flowers - watering from a watering can; liberation of the city - liberation by the army.
- Adjacency is also submissive connection, however, it applies only to invariable and non-inflected words. Dependence such words express only meaning. For example: riding a horse, unusually sad, very scared.
An example of parsing phrases
The syntactic analysis of the phrase should look something like this: “speaks beautifully”; the main word is “says”, the dependent word is “beautiful”. This connection is determined through the question: speaks (how?) beautifully. The word "says" is used in the present tense in the singular and in the third person. The word "beautiful" is an adverb, and therefore this phrase expresses a syntactic connection - adjacency.
Scheme for parsing a simple sentence
Parsing a sentence is a bit like parsing a phrase. It consists of several stages that will allow you to study the structure and relationship of all its components:
- First of all, they determine the purpose of the statement of a single sentence, they are all divided into three types: narrative, interrogative and exclamatory, or incentive. Each of them has its own sign. So, at the end of a declarative sentence that tells about an event, there is a point; after the question, of course, - a question mark, and at the end of the incentive - an exclamation mark.
- Next, you should highlight the grammatical basis of the sentence - the subject and the predicate.
- The next step is to describe the structure of the sentence. It can be one-part with one of the main members or two-part with a complete grammatical basis. In the first case, it is additionally necessary to indicate what kind of sentence is in terms of the nature of the grammatical basis: verbal or denominative. And then determine whether there are secondary members in the structure of the statement, and indicate whether it is widespread or not. At this stage, you should also indicate whether the sentence is complicated. Complications are considered homogeneous members, appeals, turns and introductory words.
- Further, the syntactic analysis of the sentence involves the analysis of all words according to their belonging to parts of speech, gender, number and case.
- The final stage is an explanation of the punctuation marks put in the sentence.
An example of parsing a simple sentence
Theory is theory, but without practice it is impossible to fix a single topic. That is why in the school curriculum a lot of time is devoted to syntactic analysis of phrases and sentences. And for training, you can take the simplest sentences. For example: "The girl was lying on the beach and listening to the surf."
- The sentence is declarative and non-exclamatory.
- The main members of the sentence: girl - subject, lay, listened - predicates.
- This proposal is two-part, complete and extended. Homogeneous predicates act as complications.
- Analysis of all the words of the sentence:
- "girl" - acts as a subject and is a noun female in singular and nominative case;
- “lay” - in the sentence it is a predicate, refers to verbs, has a feminine gender, singular and past tense
- “on” is a preposition, serves to connect words;
- "beach" - answers the question "where?" and is a circumstance, in the sentence it is expressed by a masculine noun in the prepositional case and singular;
- "and" - union, serves to connect words;
- “Listened” - the second predicate, a feminine verb in the past tense and singular;
- "surf" - in the sentence is an addition, refers to a noun, has a masculine gender, singular and is used in the accusative case.
Designation of parts of a sentence in writing
When parsing phrases and sentences, conditional underscores are used, which indicate the belonging of words to one or another member of the sentence. So, for example, the subject is underlined with one line, the predicate with two, the definition is indicated with a wavy line, the addition with a dotted line, the circumstance with a dotted line with a dot. In order to correctly determine which member of the sentence is in front of us, we should put a question to it from one of the parts of the grammatical basis. For example, the questions of the name of the adjective are answered by the definition, the addition is determined by the questions of indirect cases, the circumstance indicates the place, time and reason and answers the questions: "where?" "where?" and why?"
Syntactic analysis of a complex sentence
The order of parsing a complex sentence is slightly different from the above examples, and therefore should not cause any particular difficulties. However, everything must be in order, and therefore the teacher complicates the task only after the children have learned to parse simple sentences. For analysis, a complex statement is proposed, which has several grammatical foundations. And here you should follow this scheme:
- First, the purpose of the statement and the emotional coloring are determined.
- Next, highlight the grammatical foundations in the sentence.
- The next step is to define the relationship, which can be done with or without a union.
- The next step is to indicate the link that connects the two grammar basics in a sentence. It can be intonation, as well as writing or subordinating conjunctions. And immediately conclude what the sentence is: compound, compound or non-union.
- The next stage of parsing is the syntactic analysis of the sentence by its parts. Produce it according to the scheme for a simple proposal.
- At the end of the analysis, it is necessary to build a diagram of the proposal, on which the connection of all its parts will be visible.
Connection of parts of a complex sentence
As a rule, unions and allied words are used to connect parts in complex sentences, before which a comma is required. Such proposals are called allied. They are divided into two types:
- Compound sentences connected by conjunctions a, and, or, then, but. As a rule, both parts in such a statement are equal. For example: "The sun was shining, and the clouds were floating."
- Compound sentences that use such unions and allied words: so that, how, if, where, where, since, although and others. In such sentences, one part always depends on the other. For example: "The sun's rays will fill the room as soon as the cloud passes."
Syntactic analysis of a sentence is the analysis of a sentence by members and parts of speech. You can perform syntactic analysis of a complex sentence according to the proposed plan. The sample will help to properly format the written analysis of the sentence, and the example will reveal the secrets of oral parsing.
Sentence parsing plan
1. Simple, simple, complicated homogeneous members, or complex
2. According to the purpose of the statement: narrative, interrogative or incentive.
3. By intonation: exclamatory or non-exclamatory.
4. Common or non-common.
5. Determine the SUBJECT. Ask WHO? or WHAT? Underline the subject and determine what part of speech it is.
6. Define the PREDICTION. Ask questions WHAT DOES IT DO? etc. Underline the predicate and determine what part of speech it is expressed.
7. From the subject, ask questions to the minor members of the sentence. Underline them and determine what parts of speech they are expressed. Write out phrases with questions.
8. From the predicate, ask questions to the minor members. Underline them and determine what parts of speech they are expressed. Write out phrases with questions.
Sentence Parsing Sample
Already the sky breathed in autumn, the sun shone less often.
This proposal is complex First part:
(what?) the sky is the subject, expressed by the noun in singular. h., Wed. r., nar., inanimate, 2 cl., and. P.
(what did it do?) breathed - a predicate, expressed by the verb nes. species, 2 ref., in unit h., last vr., wed. R.
breathed (what?) in autumn - an addition, expressed by a noun in singular. h., w. r., nat., inanimate, 3 cl., etc.
breathed (when?) already - a circumstance of time, expressed in an adverb
The second part:
(what?) the sun is the subject, expressed by the noun in singular. h., Wed. r., nar., inanimate, 2 cl., and. P.
(what did it do?) shone - a predicate, expressed by the verb nes. species, 1 ref., in unit h., last vr., wed. R.
shone (how?) less often - a circumstance of the manner of action, expressed by an adverb
shone (when?) already - a circumstance of time, expressed in an adverb
An example of parsing a sentence
They then flew obliquely in the wind, then lay down vertically on the damp grass.
This proposal is simple.
(what?) they are the subject, expressed by the pronoun pl. h., 3 l., and. P.
(what did they do?) flew - a homogeneous predicate, expressed by the verb non-view, 1 sp., pl. h.. past. vr..flyed
(what did they do?) lay down - a homogeneous predicate, expressed by the verb nes.vid, 1 sp., pl. h.. past. vr..
flew (how?) obliquely - a circumstance of the manner of action, expressed by an adverb.
flew (how?) in the wind - a circumstance of the course of action, expressed by the adverb
lay down (how?) sheer - circumstance of the manner of action, expressed by the adverb
lay down (where?) on the grass - a circumstance of the place, expressed by the noun adverb, inanimate, in singular. h., w. r., 1 fold, v.p. with a pretext
grass (what?) raw - a definition, expressed by an adjective in singular. h., female, v.p.
