Listen to the analysis of the work. Analysis of Mayakovsky's poem “Listen! Full text of the poem "Listen!"

"Listen!" Vladimir Mayakovsky

Listen!
After all, if the stars are lit -

So - someone wants them to be?
So - someone calls these spittles
pearl?
And, tearing up
in blizzards of midday dust,
rushes to god
afraid of being late
crying
kisses his sinewy hand,
asks -
must be a star! -
swears -
will not endure this starless torment!
And then
walks anxious,
but calm on the outside.
Says to someone:
“After all, now you have nothing?
Not scary?
Yes?!"
Listen!
After all, if the stars
ignite -
Does that mean anyone needs it?
So, it is necessary
so that every evening
over the rooftops
lit up at least one star ?!

Analysis of Mayakovsky's poem "Listen!"

Mayakovsky's lyrics are difficult to understand, since not everyone manages to see the author's surprisingly sensitive and vulnerable soul behind the deliberate rudeness of the syllable. Meanwhile, chopped phrases, in which a frank challenge to society often sounds, for the poet are not a means of self-expression, but a certain defense against aggressive outside world in which cruelty is elevated to the absolute.

Nevertheless, Vladimir Mayakovsky repeatedly made attempts to reach out to people and convey to them his work, devoid of sentiment, falsehood and secular sophistication. One of these attempts is the poem "Listen!", created in 1914 and, in fact, became one of the key works in the poet's work. A kind of rhymed charter of the author, in which he formulated the main postulate of his poetry.

According to Mayakovsky, "if the stars are lit, it means that someone needs it." In this case we are talking not so much about heavenly bodies, how much about the stars of poetry, which in the first half of the 20th century appeared in abundance in the Russian literary horizon. However, the phrase that brought Mayakovsky popularity both among romantic young ladies and in the circles of the intelligentsia, in this poem does not sound assertive, but interrogative. This indicates that the author, to whom at the time of the creation of the poem “Listen!” barely 21 years old, trying to find his way in life and understand if anyone needs his work, uncompromising, outrageous and not devoid of youthful maximalism.

Arguing on the theme of the life purpose of people, Mayakovsky compares them with the stars, each of which has its own destiny. Between birth and death is only one moment by the standards of the universe, in which human life fits. Is it so important and necessary in the global context of being?

Trying to find an answer to this question, Mayakovsky convinces himself and his readers that "someone calls these spitting pearls." BUT, it means that this is the main meaning in life - to be necessary and useful for someone. The only problem is that the author cannot fully apply such a definition in himself and say with confidence that his work can become vital for at least one person other than himself.

Lyricism and tragedy of the poem "Listen!" intertwined in a tight ball that exposes the vulnerable soul of the poet, into which "everyone can spit." And the realization of this makes Mayakovsky doubt the correctness of his decision to devote his life to creativity. Between the lines, one can almost read the question of whether the author would not become a more useful person for society in a different form, choosing, for example, the profession of a worker or a farmer? Such thoughts, in general, not characteristic of Mayakovsky, who, without exaggeration, considered himself a genius of poetry and did not hesitate to openly state this, demonstrate the true inner world poet, devoid of illusions and self-deception. And it is precisely these sprouts of doubt that allow the reader to see another Mayakovsky, without the usual touch of rudeness and bragging, who feels like a lost star in the Universe and cannot understand if there is at least one person on earth who would really sink into his soul.

The theme of loneliness and not being recognized as a red line runs through all the work of Vladimir Mayakovsky. However, the poem "Listen!" is one of the author's first attempts to define his role in contemporary literature and to understand whether his work will be in demand years later, or whether the fate of nameless stars, ingloriously extinguished in the sky, is destined for the poems.

In most of the works of V. Mayakovsky, sharp rebellious ideas sound, but there is also a sensitive, tender lyric in his poetic heritage. The poem “Listen”, studied in grade 9, also belongs to it. We invite you to learn more about it using a brief analysis "Listen" according to the plan.

Brief analysis

History of creation- the work was written in the autumn of 1914, a year after the publication of the first collection "Nate!".

Theme of the poem- human life; poetic art.

Composition– The poem is written in the form of a monologue-address of a lyrical hero. The monologue can be divided into semantic parts: rhetorical questions about why the stars are lit, a story about gratitude to God for lighting the stars and lighting the way for those who need it. The work is not divided into stanzas.

genre- an elegy with elements of a message.

Poetic size - written in tonic verse, most of the lines do not rhyme, some are combined with the cross rhyme ABAB.

Metaphors – “the stars light up”, “someone calls these spittles a pearl”, “blizzards of midday dust”, “breaks into God”.

epithets – "midday dust", "veiny hand", "walks anxious, but calm".

History of creation

The analyzed poem appeared from the pen of Vladimir Mayakovsky in 1914. The young poet had already managed to issue the collection “Nate” and become famous in literary circles. In "Nate!" only 4 works were included, but they already showed the manner in which the writer continued to work further. "Listen!" showed that Vladimir Vladimirovich can not only rebel, but also indulge in touching thoughts.

Topic

The theme of the poem is ambiguous. It depends on how to interpret the symbolic images used by V. Mayakovsky. Some researchers believe that under the stars the author meant poetic creativity, while others are of the opinion that the stars are human life. There is logic in both positions.

At the center of the poem lyrical hero that appeals to those around you. The word "listen" attracts attention, intrigues the reader. Further, the hero immediately begins his reasoning about the stars. He believes that since the heavenly bodies are lit, then someone needs it. The hero tries to prove the correctness of his assumption.

V. Mayakovsky believes that God lights the stars. The poet succinctly tells how a person comes to the Almighty with a request to light the way. Life without stars seems to him flour. When a person's heart is lit up with the hope that the stars will light up again, he feels calm, does not feel fear. In this episode, the image of God attracts attention. The author brings it closer to ordinary people, using an artistic detail: "veiny hand". If you take this phrase out of context, you might think that we have a common person who works hard.

Composition

The poem is written in the form of a monologue-address of a lyrical hero. It can be divided into semantic parts: rhetorical questions about why the stars are lit, a story about gratitude to God for lighting the stars and lighting the way for those who need it. The work is not divided into stanzas. unusual shape, characteristic of futuristic literature, allows the author to highlight the work against the background of philosophical lyrics.

genre

Analysis of the work proves that by genre it is an elegy with elements of appeal. Vladimir Vladimirovich reflects on the eternal problem, while addressing the readers. The lines of the work are written in multi-foot iambic. Most of the lines do not rhyme, some are combined with the cross-rhyme ABAB.

means of expression

Text is not abundant artistic means, which is related to the form that the author has chosen for the disclosure of topics. First of all, the images-symbols of stars attract attention, which can be interpreted in different ways. Also in the text is metaphors- “the stars light up”, “someone calls these spittles a pearl”, “blizzards of midday dust”, “breaks into God”; epithets- “midday dust”, “veiny hand”, “walks anxious, but calm”. In the paths, Mayakovsky's individual authorial style is clearly expressed, for example, his tendency to combine the sublime and the mundane in one context: he calls the stars spittles, and the hand of God is sinewy.

Intonation also plays an important role in the work. It seems that the lyrical hero speaks to the public, talking about his assumptions from the podium. So

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Listen!

After all, if the stars are lit -

pearl?

And, tearing up

in blizzards of midday dust,

rushes to god

afraid of being late

kisses his sinewy hand,

must be a star! -

swears -

will not endure this starless torment!

walks anxious,

but calm on the outside.

Says to someone:

"Are you okay now?

Not scary?

Listen!

After all, if the stars

ignite -

Does that mean anyone needs it?

So, it is necessary

so that every evening

over the rooftops

lit up at least one star ?!

In March 1914, the collection "The First Journal of Russian Futurists" was published with four new poems by Mayakovsky. Among them is the poem “Listen!” written in November-December 1913. In those days, the poet worked in St. Petersburg to complete and stage his first play, the tragedy Vladimir Mayakovsky. And with its tonality, mood, correlating the feeling of love with the cosmos, with the universe, the poem is close to this play, in some ways it continues and complements it. The poem is built as an excited monologue of a lyrical hero, looking for an answer to a vital question for him:

Listen!

After all, if the stars are lit, it means that someone needs it?

So - someone wants them to be?

So - someone calls these spittles

pearl?

The lyrical hero, formulating the main question for himself, mentally creates an image of a certain character (in the form of a third person: “someone”, “someone”). This “someone” cannot endure “starless torment” and for the sake of “so that there must be a star”, he is ready for any feats. The imagery of the poem is based on the implementation of the metaphor "the stars are lit". Only a lit star gives meaning to life, is a confirmation of the presence of love, beauty, goodness in the world. Already in the fourth verse of the first stanza, a picture begins to unfold of what feats the hero is ready to perform to light the star: “torn in the midday dust blizzards”, he hurries to the one on whom it depends - “breaks into God”. God is given here without any authorial irony or negativity - as the highest authority, to which they turn for help, with a request. At the same time, God is quite humanized - he has the "veiny hand" of a real worker. He is able to understand the state of the visitor who “breaks in” because he “is afraid that he is late”, “cries”, “begs”, “swears” (and not just humbly prays, like a “servant of God”). But the very feat of lighting a star is performed not for oneself, but for another, beloved, close (maybe a relative, or maybe just a neighbor), who is present in the poem as a silent observer and listener of the hero’s subsequent words: “... now you have nothing ? / Isn't it scary?..” The final lines close the cyclic construction of the poem - the initial appeal is repeated verbatim and then the author's statement and hope follow (already without the use of an intermediary hero in the third person):

So - it is necessary that at least one star lights up over the roofs every evening?!

In a poem, the poet not only expresses his feelings, but with a simple spoken language interprets his thought to the reader, listener, tries to convince him with logic, example, intonation. Hence the colloquial “after all”, and the multiple (five-fold) “means”, and the abundance of exclamation and question marks. A question that begins with the word "means" does not require a detailed answer - a brief "yes" or tacit consent is enough. The final lines, closing the ring construction of the work, retain the interrogative construction. But their affirmative modality is sharply increased. And not only by the logic of the preceding lines, but also by its own peculiarities. An additional split created a pause (“light” when repeated is highlighted in a separate line). In the last verse, the star is no longer kindled by someone else (even though powerful), but “it is necessary” that it “light up” ( reflexive verb) as if by herself. And not somewhere in space in general, but "above the roofs", that is, here, nearby, in the city, among the people, where the poet is. For the poet himself, the final lines are no longer questions. The only question is how much his opinion about the “necessity”, “necessity” of the stars surrounding him is shared. This ending is the semantic center of the poem. One person can “every evening” bring spiritual light to another, is able to dispel spiritual darkness. The flaming star becomes a symbol of spiritual relations between people, a symbol of all-conquering love.

The poem is written in tonic verse. It has only three stanzas-quatrains with cross rhyming avav. Poetic lines (separate verses) are quite long and most of them (except for the 2nd and 3rd in the first stanza) are additionally divided into several lines in a column. Thanks to the breakdown of the lines, not only the end rhymes are accentuated, but also the words that end the lines are updated. So, in the first and penultimate verse, an appeal is highlighted, which constitutes an independent line, repeating the title - “Listen!” - And keyword the main metaphor of the poem is "light". In the second quatrain - the key word "God" and verbs that convey the tension of the hero: "cries", "asks", "swears" ... In addition to the "main" cross end rhymes, additional consonances are heard in the poem ("listen" - "pearl ”, “means” - “crying” ...), fastening the text.

In the intonation-strophic construction of the poem "Listen!" there is one more interesting feature. The end of the fourth line (verse) of the first stanza (“And, straining / in the midday dust blizzards”) is not at the same time the end of the phrase - it continues in the second stanza. This is an interstrophic transfer, a technique that makes it possible to give the verse additional dynamism, to emphasize the extreme excitement of the lyrical hero.

Updated: 2011-05-09

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Lesson - workshop on literature in grade 11

Topic: “Analysis of the poem by V. Mayakovsky “Listen!”

Lesson type: A lesson in learning new material, primary consolidation of knowledge and the formation of skills and abilities.

Lesson form: traditional lesson

Lesson Objectives:

Educational - training in working with text; introduction to the world of V. Mayakovsky's lyrics, through his work to comprehend the personality of the poet;

Developing - developing in students the skills of competent and fluent command of literary speech, the ability to highlight the main thing, analyze, draw conclusions based on already known material;

Educational - instilling a love for literature and the poetic word, the formation of knowledge and skills that ensure the independent development of artistic values.

Technology: - information;

Person-oriented;

Pedagogical cooperation;

Health saving.

Methods - creative reading;

training: - search;

Analysis and synthesis.

Board writing:

Mayakovsky is a very talented person, extremely light, bordering on ... sensitivity. A. Lunacharsky.

Mayakovsky is “a man without convictions. This is the singer of violence. The main motive of his poetry is revenge, the cult of cruelty. And he himself is a man with a hardened soul. Y. Karabchevsky

Equipment for the lesson:

The lesson is held in a computer class, slides of photographs of V. Mayakovsky, his family, friends, texts of his poems, a recording of poetry readings by the author himself and famous artists are displayed on the screen.

DURING THE CLASSES

“I am a poet. That's what's interesting."

V.V.Mayakovsky

Introduction by the teacher. slide 1.

It is impossible to imagine the 20th century without Mayakovsky. Mayakovsky “painted” a whole era with himself, he was the most famous and talented futurist poet (if it were not for Mayakovsky, futurism would not have received such fame). Several generations of Soviet readers knew Mayakovsky primarily as the author of Soviet slogans and posters, "Poems about the Soviet passport", poems about Lenin, etc.

I.V. Stalin in the 30s called Mayakovsky the best and most talented Soviet poet. And the subsequent forced introduction of Mayakovsky into consciousness Soviet people turned him into an official figure. B. Pasternak wrote that "Mayakovsky began to be forced in, like potatoes under Catherine," and "this was his second death." But Mayakovsky does not fit into the definition that Stalin gave him, and as a poet Mayakovsky was much more complex and interesting than many imagined.

Creativity and personality of V. Mayakovsky have always been the subject of heated debate. A lot has been written about Mayakovsky. Opinions about him are very different. (Reading the writing on the board). And Mayakovsky will say about himself: “I am a poet. That's what's interesting." And today we will look at him through the prism of his poems. And we will present Mayakovsky through his lyrical "I".

2. Slide 2. Listening to the poem "Listen!"

3. Explanation of new material.Analysis of the poem by V.V. Mayakovsky "Listen!" Slide 3.

1. Teacher: When was this poem written??

Pupils: The poem "Listen!" written in 1914.

Teacher: Let's try to imagine the historical situation during the creation of the poem. Russia 1914. All the worst is yet to come: and the First World War, and the revolution, and the arrival of the Bolsheviks ... Young Mayakovsky, carried away by futurism and poetry, looking to the future with hope, is trying to understand what is the meaning of life? It was a time when the country was actively developing, and its inhabitants believed in themselves and in the future. The development of industry, urbanization, the gradual change of the old to the new influenced the consciousness of people. This optimistic mood is felt in the poem. In the poems of this period, the attentive reader will see not only familiar, mocking, dismissive intonations, but, looking closely, he will understand that behind the external bravado is a vulnerable, lonely soul. The integrity of the poet's character, human decency, which helped to navigate the main problems of the time, inner conviction in the correctness of his moral ideals separated V.M. from other poets, from the usual course of life. This isolation gave rise to a spiritual protest against the philistine environment, where there were no high spiritual ideals. But he dreamed about them. This is not a complaint about "indifferent nature", this is a complaint about human indifference. The poet, as it were, argues with an imaginary opponent, a narrow-minded and mundane person, an inhabitant, a tradesman, convincing him that one cannot put up with indifference, loneliness, grief.

2.Teacher: What is the meaning of the name? How many times is the word “Listen!” repeated?

Pupils: The poem begins with a request addressed to people: "Listen!" With such an exclamation, each of us very often interrupts his speech, hoping to be heard and understood.
The lyrical hero of the poem does not just pronounce, but "exhales" this word, desperately trying to draw the attention of people living on Earth to the problem that concerns him. Some people think that V.M. gotta scream vocal cords. He has poems for "squares". But in the early poems, intonations of confidence and intimacy prevail. It is felt that the poet only wants to appear formidable, bold, self-confident. But in fact he is not like that. On the contrary, M. is alone and restless, and his soul yearns for friendship, love, and understanding. The poem "Listen!" - the cry of the poet's soul.
3. TeacherQ: What is the main tone of the poem?

Pupils: The intonation of the poem is not angry, accusatory, but confessional, trusting, timid and uncertain. The whole structure of speech in the poem "Listen!" exactly the same as when there is a heated discussion, polemics, when you are not understood, and you are frantically looking for arguments, convincing arguments and hoping: they will understand, they will understand. Here only it is necessary to explain properly, to find the most important and precise expressions. And the lyrical hero finds them.
The intensity of passions, emotions experienced by our hero becomes so strong that otherwise they cannot be expressed as soon as this multi-valued capacious word - "Yes ?!", addressed to someone who understands and supports. It contains concern, and care, and empathy, and hope .....
If the lyrical hero did not have any hope of understanding at all, he would not convince, exhort, or worry like that ... The last stanza of the poem begins in the same way as the first, with the same word. But the author's thought in it develops in a completely different way, more optimistic, life-affirming compared to how it is expressed in the first stanza. The last sentence is interrogative. But, in essence, it is affirmative. After all, this rhetorical question no response required.

We can say that the voices of the author and his hero often merge completely and it is impossible to separate them. The expressed thoughts and the feelings of the hero that have burst out and burst out undeniably excite the poet himself. It is easy to catch notes of anxiety in them ("alarming walks"), confusion.

4.Teacher: What is the composition of the poem? How many parts can be distinguished in a poem?

Pupils: Compositionally, the poem consists of three parts, different in form, rhythm, and emotional impact. In the first part, the poet addresses the readers, identifies the problem: “So, does anyone need this?” From the first line one can feel the presence of higher forces that "light" the stars. Mayakovsky raises the problem of God, predestination, because the "pearls" do not appear on their own over the roofs of houses, but by the will of someone who is above all people.
The second part shows an emotional picture of how the lyrical hero "bursts into God", asking him in despair:

To be sure to have a star! -

Swears -

Can't bear this starless torment!

Having received a “star” from God, that is, a dream, the hero finds peace and tranquility. He is no longer afraid of anything, and his life is now not empty and meaningless. This part is a kind of prayer addressed to God. Moreover, God here is not a spiritualized higher essence, but a very real person with sinewy hands, and, as it seemed to me, kind eyes. However, this is where the description of God ends, we will not know anything more about him. Just one detail that Mayakovsky singled out - hands - and how much they can tell! God is always ready to give a saving hand of help, you just need to really want it.

The third part of the poem sounds like a conclusion, like a statement, despite two question marks, to which an exclamation mark is added, which was not at the beginning of the work. The lyrical hero, who has found his star, no longer asks, but claims:

So, it is necessary

To every evening

Above the rooftops

At least one star lit up?

5. Teacher: Describe the lyrical hero of the poem.How do you see the lyrical hero of the work?

Pupils: The lyrical hero of the poem "Listen!" and there is that "someone" for whom life on Earth is unthinkable without a starry sky. He rushes about, suffers from loneliness, misunderstanding, but does not reconcile with him. His despair is so great that he simply cannot endure "this starless torment." In the poem, three "acting" persons can be distinguished: the lyrical hero, God and "someone". These "someone" are people, all of humanity, to which the poet addresses. Everyone treats “stars” differently: for some they are “spittles”, for others they are “pearls”, but, undoubtedly, their light is necessary.
The lyrical hero of the poem does not just pronounce, but, I would say, “exhales” this word, desperately trying to draw the attention of people living on Earth to the problem that concerns him. This is not a complaint about "indifferent nature", this is a complaint about human indifference. The poet, as it were, argues with an imaginary opponent, a narrow-minded and mundane person, an inhabitant, a tradesman, convincing him that one cannot put up with indifference, loneliness, grief. After all, people are born to be happy.

6.Teacher: See what the lyric hero does to see God.

Students: Lyrical heroPoems "Listen!" and there is that “someone” for whom life on Earth is unthinkable without a starry sky. He rushes about, suffers from loneliness, misunderstanding, but does not reconcile with him.

And, tearing up

In blizzards of midday dust,

Rushing to God

Afraid of being late

Crying...

The despair is so great that he simply cannot bear "this starless torment."

7.Teacher: Why does God have a sinewy hand, and why is nothing visible except for this detail?

Pupils: The face is not visible, because God cannot be seen by a mere mortal. A sinewy hand is the hand of a worker. The Lord created everything in 6 days.Great value in the system of visual means of expression at V.M. has detail. The portrait characteristic of God consists of only one single detail - he has a "veiny hand." The epithet “wiry” is so lively, emotional, visible, sensual that you seem to see this hand, you feel the pulsating blood in its veins.

8. Teacher: What are the language features of the work?

Pupils: Every word in the poem is expressive, emotional, expressive. All the pictures described literally appear before our eyes: a “visit” to God, stars in the sky, roofs of houses ... The poem seems to be inspired, it is airy and sincere, close to the reader. Perhaps due to the fact that Mayakovsky does not use any pronouns other than “someone”, you seem to feel yourself in the place of a lyrical hero, you feel the wind of “midday dust”, tears in your eyes and inner anxiety. The poem is very rhythmic, which is inherent in Mayakovsky. A play on words, a transition from one to another, accents achieved through the use of punctuation marks - all this creates a unique emotional mood, an inner strain.The whole structure of speech in the poem "Listen!" exactly the same as when there is a heated discussion, polemics, when you are not understood, and you are frantically looking for arguments, convincing arguments and hoping: they will understand, they will understand. Here only it is necessary to explain properly, to find the most important and precise expressions. And the lyrical hero finds them.

9. Teacher: What features of Mayakovsky's rhyme can be traced in this poem?

Pupils: By arranging the verses with a "ladder", he ensured that each word becomes significant, weighty. Rhyme V.M. - unusual, it is, as it were, "internal", the alternation of syllables is not obvious, not obvious - this is blank verse. And how expressive is the rhythm of his poems! It seems to me that rhythm in Mayakovsky's poetry is the most important thing, first it is born, and then a thought, an idea, an image. And the use of his famous ladder helps the reader to correctly place all the accents that seem to the poet the most important. And then ... Further, it seems to me, in a very unusual antithesis, in the words antonyms (they are antonyms only in V.M., in our usual, commonly used lexicon, these are far from antonyms) very important things are contrasted. We are talking about the sky, about the stars, about the universe. But for one star "spitting", and for another - "pearl".

10. Teacher: What figurative and expressive means can be distinguished in this work?

Pupils: The first two sentences are interrogative, then the third is interrogative and exclamatory at the same time. The intensity of passions, emotions experienced by our hero is so strong that otherwise they cannot be expressed as soon as this multi-valued capacious word - “Yes ?!” addressed to someone who understands and supports. It contains concern, and care, and empathy, and participation, and love ... I'm not alone, someone else thinks the same way as I do, feels the same way, rooting for this world, the sky, the Universe with all my soul, everyone heart. If the lyrical hero did not have any hope of understanding at all, he would not convince, exhort, or worry like that. The last stanza of the poem (there are three in total) begins in the same way as the first, with the same word. But the author's thought in it develops in a completely different way, more optimistic, life-affirming compared to how it is expressed in the first stanza. The last sentence is interrogative. But, in essence, it is affirmative. After all, this is a rhetorical question, the answer is not required.

Gradation - a series of verbs: "breaks in", "cries", "asks", "swears"

Epithet - sinewy hand

Antithesis. It seems to me that in a very unusual antithesis, in the words antonyms (they are antonyms only in V.M., in our usual, commonly used lexicon, these are far from antonyms), very important things are contrasted. We are talking about the sky, about the stars, about the universe. But for one star "spitting", and for another - "pearl".

Anaphora - repetition of the word "means" Rhetorical question

The final stage of the lesson

Conclusion

What is the meaning of life for each of us? Why, why did we come into this world? People from ancient times to the present day are trying to find answers to such questions. philosophical questions. They are complex in that they cannot be answered unambiguously, you cannot say to a person: do this, and this is the meaning of your life. Everyone chooses their own path, their goal and dream.
Mayakovsky's poem "Listen!" dedicated to the theme of the meaning of human life. But the poet does not talk about what you need to dream about and what to strive for, but about the fact that each of us should have a dream for which it is worth living. Mayakovsky calls this goal, the meaning of life, faith in tomorrow a “star”, lit by “someone” and needed by “someone”.
"Listen!" - a kind of appeal to people, but not loud and pretentious, as is usually the case with Mayakovsky. This is a request to stop for a moment, rise for a while above the world of “midday dust” and look at the sky, at the stars, think about what justifies our every step on earth and who came up with all this.
The main idea of the poem is that in the life of every person a star should light up. Without an idea, without a goal, it is impossible to exist in this world, “starless torment” begins, when everything you do is meaningless, empty. It is not enough for a man to simply live. Greet every morning with a smile, move towards something bigger and better, give love and joy to others - this is life marked by "stars". Mayakovsky in his lyrical creation is revealed as a person with a sincere soul, with a kind heart, who wants everyone to find a place in life sooner or later. In my opinion, this is the greatest of lyric poets, and the poem "Listen!" is a true masterpiece of Russian and world poetry.
Much has been written about the search for the meaning of life and the fact that it is impossible to live without a goal. But only Mayakovsky said this in simple, accessible words. He compared the dream to the stars, a metaphor that had been used before him. But only Vladimir Vladimirovich managed to do it in such a way that you immediately want to look up, to find that star that shines exclusively for you.
The “pearl” of Mayakovsky was the idea of a new society, a new person, a future in which everyone will find their happiness. And, I believe that the poet followed his star all his life so that decades later his poems remain unique masterpieces of world poetry.
Mayakovsky's lyrics raised deep moral issues in which good and evil, beautiful and ugly, earthly and sublime, momentary and eternal are mixed. He managed to leave his gift of a poet to people, spent his life in order, according to R. Yakobson, "to make the poetry he created a treasure of the people."

Lesson summary

Homework

Exercise 1.

Compose a cinquain about Mayakovsky.

Noun that sets the topic

Adjective, adjective - to the given noun

Verb, verb, verb - to the given noun

Meaningful four-word phrase

One final word(sentence) that determines the emotional attitude to everything said

Task 2. Answer the questions. The answer must be given in the form of a word or a combination of words.

B1 Specify the name of the avant-garde movement in the poetry of the early twentieth century, one of the leaders of which was V.V. Mayakovsky and whose principles are partly reflected in the poem "Listen!".

B2 Name the type of composition characterized by a final return to the original thought, image (see the twice repeated appeal of the lyrical hero in the poem above).

B3 What is the name of the type of trail, a means of artistic expression based on the transfer of the properties of one object or phenomenon to others (“in the midday dust blizzards”)?

B4 Specify the term for the repetition of a word or group of words at the beginning of adjacent lines (" means - does anyone need it? / Means - it's necessary…").

B5 The poem ends with a question addressed to man and humanity. What is the name of the type of question that does not require an answer and is often a hidden statement?

Give a coherent answer to the question in the amount of 5-10 sentences.

C1 How do you understand the main idea of the poem "Listen!"?

C2 What feelings are filled with the poet's lyrical confession and what gives it special expressiveness?

C3 In what works of Russian classics do the heroes reflect on the connection between man and the universe, and in what ways are these works consonant with the poem by V.V. Mayakovsky "Listen!"

The song "Listen!" performed by E. Kamburova. slide 5

Analysis of the poem Listen! Vladimir Mayakovsky is performed by students in the 9th grade. We invite you to learn more about it using various examples literary analysis verse "Listen".

Full text of the poem "Listen!"

Listen!

Listen!
After all, if the stars are lit -
So - someone wants them to be?
So - someone calls these spittles
pearl?
And, tearing up
in blizzards of midday dust,
rushes to god
afraid of being late
crying
kisses his sinewy hand,
asks -
must be a star! -
swears -
will not endure this starless torment!

And then
walks anxious,
but calm on the outside.
Says to someone:
“After all, now you have nothing?
Not scary?
Yes?!"
Listen!
After all, if the stars
ignite -
Does that mean anyone needs it?
So, it is necessary
so that every evening
over the rooftops
lit up at least one star ?!

The poem "Listen!" written in 1914.

Brief analysis of the poem "Listen!"

Option 1

History of creation - the work was written in the autumn of 1914, a year after the publication of the first collection "Nate!".

The theme of the poem is human life; poetic art.

Composition - The poem is written in the form of a monologue-address of a lyrical hero. The monologue can be divided into semantic parts: rhetorical questions about why the stars are lit, a story about gratitude to God for lighting the stars and lighting the way for those who need it. The work is not divided into stanzas.

Genre - elegy with elements of a message.

Poetic meter - written in tonic verse, most of the lines do not rhyme, some are united by the cross rhyme ABAB.

- “the stars light up”, “someone calls these spittles a pearl”, “blizzards of midday dust”, “breaks into God”.

Epithets - "midday dust", "veiny hand", "walks anxious, but calm."

Option 2

History of creation
Main theme
Composition
Size
Expressive means
Main thought
History of creation. At the beginning of the 20th century, many literary movements arose in Russian poetic society. One of the brightest representatives of the new wave was Mayakovsky. The poem "Listen", created in 1914, is a passionate spiritual impulse of the poet, in which he expresses his innermost thoughts.
The genre of the work is a lyrical poem, a monologue-confession of the protagonist.
The main theme of the work is the author's philosophical reflection on the meaning of human life. This reflection is based on observing the stars - symbols of the infinity of the universe. On the eve of the First World War, not only in Russia, but throughout the world, there was a spiritual crisis. Mankind was painfully looking for a way out of this situation. Society was permeated with disbelief and the expectation of an inevitable end.

Mayakovsky, possessing a sensitive and vulnerable soul, also suffocated in this atmosphere. He sees the main problem of society in the indifference of people who are carried away only by their own momentary interests. The work begins with a passionate appeal to people - "Listen!". The author tries to draw attention to himself in order to convey his idea. To do this, he asks an unexpected question about the reasons for the appearance of stars.

He opposes to useless human fuss serious philosophical reflection. People spend their lives aimlessly thinking they are doing something important. Their physical existence is insignificant compared to the eternal firmament. But the stars couldn't have come out of nowhere. Probably, their appearance is also associated with someone's passionate plea, which means "does anyone need this?".

Mayakovsky allegorically compares the process of the appearance of new stars with the action of higher forces. But God does not create the stars on his own initiative, he does not care. Only human prayer can influence the divine decision. Therefore, the stars come into being as a result of the desire of people who really need it. The author is sure that while this is happening, not all is lost. Mankind can be saved if it retains its best aspirations and hopes.

Composition. The work has a circular composition, thanks to the repetition of the phrase "someone needs it." Three parts can be distinguished: the formulation of the question, the author's reflection, and the conclusion.
Size. The author uses a favorite technique - the construction of a verse with a "ladder". Along with the inaccurate rhyme characteristic of Mayakovsky, there is also a clear rhyme.
expressive means. The work is an exception to Mayakovsky's original style. There are no neologisms and distorted words in it. Thanks to this, it is perceived as an extremely sincere and pure impulse of the poet. The only innovative technique is a detailed comparison: “stars-spitting-pearls”. The most striking epithet is the "veiny" hand of God.
The main idea of the work is that humanity, which has lost the meaning of life, can find it again only by turning to the eternal laws of the universe. The first step on this difficult path should be a simple observation of the stars, which can bring peace, peace and a sense of happiness to the soul.

Option 3

One of the brightest and most memorable poems of early Mayakovsky; however, not so simple on closer inspection. The poem does not have a well-defined storyline; it is a call to an unnamed listener.

The work has a frame composition, the beginning and the end reflect each other - some expressions are exactly repeated, but the author's thought passes certain development. The appeal opens with an exclamation (attracting attention), followed by several rhetorical questions (the poet knows that only a positive answer is acceptable).

The central part of the poem is the "plot" episode. Some third person begs the stars from God, and then turns to other unknowns (perhaps to a lyrical hero making a speech). The episode substantiates the appearance of stars in the sky - someone begged for them, because without them - "torment" and "scary". And the conclusion refers the reader to the initial thought.

The poem is designed not so much even for the reader as for the listener; we can say that Mayakovsky builds it almost according to the rules of ancient rhetoric - the thesis, an example-justification and statement of the thesis.

The poet uses curious means of artistic expression - a small poem has many vivid epithets; the most interesting turn is the chain “stars - spittles - pearl”. The stars placed in the center of the poem can be understood both literally and as abstractly as possible (there is something that seems ordinary and unimportant to us, but for someone it is of extraordinary value; moreover, it is valuable for everyone, but we will not understand it , until we lose it) or in a figurative sense - as a metaphor "stars = poetry" (which is less likely, but can also be justified - especially by the lexical parallel "spitting - pearls").

Full analysis of the verse "Listen!"

Option 1

History of creation. The analyzed poem appeared from the pen of Vladimir Mayakovsky in 1914. The young poet had already managed to issue the collection “Nate” and become famous in literary circles. In "Nate!" only 4 works were included, but they already showed the manner in which the writer continued to work further. "Listen!" showed that Vladimir Vladimirovich can not only rebel, but also indulge in touching thoughts.

Topic. The theme of the poem is ambiguous. It depends on how to interpret the symbolic images used by V. Mayakovsky. Some researchers believe that under the stars the author meant poetic creativity, while others are of the opinion that the stars are human life. There is logic in both positions.

In the center of the poem is a lyrical hero who addresses others. The word "listen" attracts attention, intrigues the reader. Further, the hero immediately begins his reasoning about the stars. He believes that since the heavenly bodies are lit, then someone needs it. The hero tries to prove the correctness of his assumption.

V. Mayakovsky believes that God lights the stars. The poet succinctly tells how a person comes to the Almighty with a request to light the way. Life without stars seems to him flour. When a person's heart is lit up with the hope that the stars will light up again, he feels calm, does not feel fear. In this episode, the image of God attracts attention. The author brings it closer to ordinary people, using an artistic detail: “a sinewy hand”. If you take this phrase out of context, you might think that we have an ordinary person who works hard.

Composition. The poem is written in the form of a monologue-address of a lyrical hero. It can be divided into semantic parts: rhetorical questions about why the stars are lit, a story about gratitude to God for lighting the stars and lighting the way for those who need it. The work is not divided into stanzas. The unusual form, characteristic of futuristic literature, allows the author to distinguish the work against the backdrop of philosophical lyrics.

Genre. Analysis of the work proves that by genre it is an elegy with elements of appeal. Vladimir Vladimirovich reflects on the eternal problem, while addressing the readers. The lines of the work are written in multi-foot iambic. Most of the lines do not rhyme, some are combined with the cross-rhyme ABAB.

means of expression. The text is not replete with artistic means, which is associated with the form that the author chose to reveal the topics. First of all, the images-symbols of stars attract attention, which can be interpreted in different ways. There are also metaphors in the text - “the stars light up”, “someone calls these spittles a pearl”, “blizzards of midday dust”, “breaks into God”; epithets - "midday dust", "veiny hand", "walks anxious, but calm."

Intonation also plays an important role in the work. It seems that the lyrical hero speaks to the public, talking about his assumptions from the podium.

Option 2

The poem was written by the young Vladimir Mayakovsky at that happy time, when our country did not yet know the horrors of the First World War and the revolution. The poet was fascinated by futurism. He looked to the future with hope and tried to answer the eternal question, what is the meaning of human life.

The poem "Listen!" differs from many other works of Mayakovsky in that he does not use harsh words, does not condemn or denounce anyone. He is often chosen by students when writing in 9th grade.

The poet is revealed here as a person with a sincere and vulnerable soul. The main intonation of the poem is confessional and confidential. It begins with a request addressed to the people: “Listen!” The lyrical hero hopes to be heard and understood. He utters his excited monologue, which is impossible to be indifferent to.

Compositionally, the work is divided into three parts, different in form, rhythm, and emotional impact. In the first part, the problem is indicated: ... if the stars are lit, does it mean that someone needs it? In the second part, the lyrical hero "breaks into God" and in desperation asks him "that there must be a star."

We hear a kind of prayer addressed to God. And the third part of the poem sounds like a conclusion and a statement. This is a rhetorical question and a question addressed to each of the readers: So - it is necessary that at least one star lights up over the roofs every evening?! The author introduces an element of fantasy into his work (“breaks into God”). In the system of expressive means of Mayakovsky, it is important to note the role artistic detail: he depicts the “veiny hand” of God, and now God is not only a spiritualized higher entity, but a very real person.

He is always ready to lend a saving hand. And the lyrical hero of the poem is the very “someone” for whom life without a starry sky seems unthinkable, who cannot bear the “starless torment”. The poetic devices used by the author are very diverse, despite the fact that the work is small in volume. There is none neutral word- all words are emotionally colored.

Here, for example, a number of verbs: breaks in, is afraid, cries, kisses, asks, swears - they convey not only the dynamics of events, but also emotional intensity. There is a comparison in the poem (someone calls these spittles a pearl), a rhetorical exclamation (Listen), a rhetorical question (does anyone need this?).

It is also necessary to note the anaphora (repetition of words at the beginning of lines): (means - does anyone need it? So - someone wants them to be? So - someone calls these spitting pearls?). Mayakovsky's metaphors are always unusual and beautiful. Here it is: blizzards of midday dust.

However, he is not afraid to use already familiar metaphors: the stars are lit; star lit up. But the whole poem "Listen!" there is one extended metaphor that has an allegorical meaning. In addition to daily bread, a person needs a dream, big goal, spirituality, beauty are values that have no price. This is the main idea of the work of Vladimir Mayakovsky.

Option 3

The poem "Listen!" written in 1914.

In the poems of this period, the attentive reader will see not only familiar, mocking, dismissive intonations, but, looking closely, he will understand that behind the external bravado is a vulnerable, lonely soul. The integrity of the poet's character, human decency, which helped to navigate the main problems of the time, inner conviction in the correctness of his moral ideals separated V. M. from other poets, from the usual course of life.

This isolation gave rise to a spiritual protest against the philistine environment, where there were no high spiritual ideals. The poem is the cry of the poet's soul. It begins with a request addressed to the people: “Listen!” With such an exclamation, each of us very often interrupts his speech, hoping to be heard and understood.

The lyrical hero of the poem does not just pronounce, but “exhales” this word, desperately trying to draw the attention of people living on Earth to the problem that concerns him. This is not a complaint about "indifferent nature", this is a complaint about human indifference. The poet, as it were, argues with an imaginary opponent, a narrow-minded and mundane person, an inhabitant, a tradesman, convincing him that one cannot put up with indifference, loneliness, grief.

The whole structure of speech in the poem “Listen!” exactly the same as when there is a heated discussion, polemics, when you are not understood, and you are frantically looking for arguments, convincing arguments and hoping: they will understand, they will understand. Here only it is necessary to explain properly, to find the most important and precise expressions. And the lyrical hero finds them.

The intensity of passions and emotions experienced by our hero becomes so strong that they cannot be expressed otherwise than with this multi-meaning capacious word - “Yes ?!”, addressed to someone who understands and supports. It contains concern, and care, and empathy, and hope.

If the lyrical hero did not have any hope of understanding at all, he would not convince, exhort, or worry like that. The last stanza of the poem begins in the same way as the first, with the same word. But the author's thought in it develops in a completely different way, more optimistic, life-affirming compared to how it is expressed in the first stanza. The last sentence is interrogative. But, in essence, it is affirmative. After all, this is a rhetorical question, the answer is not required.

Arranging the poems with a "ladder", he ensured that each word becomes significant, weighty. The rhyme of V. M. is extraordinary, it is, as it were, “internal”, the alternation of syllables is not obvious, not obvious - this is blank verse. And how expressive is the rhythm of his poems! It seems to me that rhythm in Mayakovsky's poetry is the most important thing, first it is born, and then a thought, an idea, an image.

Some people think that V. M.'s poems should be shouted, tearing the vocal cords. He has poems for "squares". But in the early poems, intonations of confidence and intimacy prevail. It is felt that the poet only wants to appear formidable, bold, self-confident. But in fact he is not like that. On the contrary, M. is alone and restless, and his soul yearns for friendship, love, and understanding.

There are no neologisms in this poem, so familiar to the style of V.M. “Listen!” is an excited and tense monologue of the lyrical hero. The poetic devices used by V. M. in this poem, in my opinion, are very expressive. Fantasy (“breaks into God”) is naturally combined with the author’s observations on internal state lyrical hero. A number of verbs: “breaks in”, “cries”, “asks”, “swears” - conveys not only the dynamics of events, but also their emotional intensity.

Not a single neutral word, everyone is very, very expressive, expressive, and, it seems to me, the very lexical meaning, the semantics of action verbs indicates the extreme acuteness of feelings experienced by the lyrical hero. The main intonation of the verse is not angry, accusatory, but confessional, trusting, timid and uncertain. We can say that the voices of the author and his hero often merge completely and it is impossible to separate them. The expressed thoughts and the feelings of the hero that have burst out and burst out undeniably excite the poet himself. It is easy to catch notes of anxiety in them (“alarming walks”), confusion.

Of great importance in the system of visual and expressive means in V. M. is the detail. The portrait characteristic of God consists of only one single detail - he has a “veiny hand”. The epithet “wiry” is so lively, emotional, visible, sensual, that you seem to see this hand, feel the pulsating blood in its veins. “Hand” (an image familiar to the consciousness of a Russian person, a Christian) is organically, absolutely naturally replaced, as we see, simply by a “hand”.

It seems to me that in a very unusual antithesis, in the words antonyms (they are antonyms only in V.M., in our usual, commonly used lexicon, these are far from antonyms), very important things are contrasted. We are talking about the sky, about the stars, about the universe. But for one, the stars are “spitting”, and for the other, “pearls”.

The lyrical hero of the poem "Listen!" and there is that “someone” for whom life on Earth is unthinkable without a starry sky. He rushes about, suffers from loneliness, misunderstanding, but does not reconcile with him. His despair is so great that he simply cannot endure "this starless torment."

The poem “Listen!” is an extended metaphor that has a great allegorical meaning. In addition to daily bread, we also need a dream, a big one. life goal, spirituality, beauty. We need "pearl" stars, not "spit" stars. V. M. is concerned about eternal philosophical questions about the meaning of human existence, about love and hatred, death and immortality, good and evil.

However, in the “starry” theme, the mysticism of the Symbolists is alien to the poet, he does not think about any “extension” of the word to the Universe, but V.M. sky, space. Of course, such a free flight of thought was prompted by V. M. in that era when it seemed that everything was subject to a person. And no matter what tones the astral images are painted in, satirical or tragic, his work is imbued with faith in Man, in his mind and great destiny.

Years will pass, passions will subside, Russian cataclysms will turn into normal life, and no one will consider V. M. only a political poet who gave his lyre only to the revolution. In my opinion, this is the greatest of lyricists, and the poem “Listen!” - a true masterpiece of Russian and world poetry.

Option 4

Mayakovsky's lyrics are difficult to understand, since not everyone manages to see the author's surprisingly sensitive and vulnerable soul behind the deliberate rudeness of the syllable. Meanwhile, chopped phrases, in which a frank challenge to society often sounds, for the poet are not a means of self-expression, but a certain defense against an aggressive outside world in which cruelty is elevated to the absolute.

According to Mayakovsky, "if the stars are lit, it means that someone needs it." In this case, we are talking not so much about heavenly bodies as about the stars of poetry, which appeared in abundance in the Russian literary horizon in the first half of the 20th century.

However, the phrase that brought Mayakovsky popularity both among romantic young ladies and in the circles of the intelligentsia, in this poem does not sound affirmative, but interrogative. This indicates that the author, to whom at the time of the creation of the poem “Listen!” barely 21 years old, trying to find his way in life and understand if anyone needs his work, uncompromising, outrageous and not devoid of youthful maximalism.

Trying to find an answer to this question, Mayakovsky convinces himself and his readers that "someone calls these spitting pearls." And, therefore, this is the main meaning in life - to be necessary and useful for someone. The only problem is that the author cannot fully apply such a definition in himself and say with confidence that his work can become vital for at least one person other than himself.

Such thoughts, in general, not characteristic of Mayakovsky, who, without exaggeration, considered himself a genius of poetry and did not hesitate to openly say this, demonstrate the true inner world of the poet, devoid of illusions and self-deception. And it is these sprouts of doubt that allow the reader to see another Mayakovsky, without the usual touch of rudeness and bragging, who feels like a lost star in the universe and cannot understand if there is at least one person on earth who would really sink into his soul.

The theme of loneliness and not being recognized as a red line runs through all the work of Vladimir Mayakovsky. However, the poem "Listen!" is one of the first attempts of the author to determine his role in modern literature and to understand whether his work will be in demand years later, or whether the fate of nameless stars, ingloriously extinguished in the sky, is destined for the poems.

Analysis "Listen" with quotes

Option 1

The lyrics of V. Mayakovsky strike, first of all, with their strength, powerful energy. Whether his lyrical hero rejoices or grieves - he does all this "in a burst", extremely sincerely and strongly.

The lyrical hero of Mayakovsky is a man with a thin, vulnerable soul, worried not only for himself, but for all creatures in this world. He stands up and is ready to fight for the happiness of people, for justice, for light.

These features of Mayakovsky's poetry are especially pronounced in his early lyrics. An example of this is the poem “Listen!” written in 1914. Behind a seemingly concrete situation lies a deep philosophical generalization, as always happens with Mayakovsky.

The lyrical hero appears here in two guises - the narrator and the character. Who is he talking about in the third person - about himself or about another person? I think it's about a person in general. After all, each of us needs “at least one star to light up over the roofs every evening.”

The poem is journalistic in its form: it is built as an appeal, very emotional and strong. In fact, this is the cry of the soul of a lyrical hero. To whom is he addressed? I think, to the whole world - to people, to the Lord God himself. This is how a man screams in great despair, not finding answers to his questions, trying to find help:

Listen!

pearl?

In this peculiar introduction, the poet begins to reveal the metaphor on which the entire poem is built. Mayakovsky addresses the "childish" question: "Who lights the stars in the sky?" and trying to understand - really, who? And if this someone lights them, then it makes sense. This means that there is a sense in the existence of a planet over which the stars are burning, and in the existence of people inhabiting this planet. Thus, gradually the star becomes a symbol of something higher, bright - hope, the meaning of being.

In the main part of the poem, which is plot-based in its form, it shows the importance for the lyrical hero (and any person) of the presence of this “star” in life. In order for it not to fade away, the hero gets to God himself. Fear little man to be left without a star, the author conveys with the help of a metaphor “torn in blizzards of midday dust”. The hero is afraid that he is late, he begs the Creator:

asks -

swears -

It is curious that this visit to the Lord (it seems to me that this is also a metaphor. So Mayakovsky means the inner appeal of each person to higher powers at a moment of despair) the poet draws very officially, even semi-officially. The lyrical hero seems to get into his office, kisses his hand. God is depicted very schematically and "humanized" - we see only his "veiny hand".

But, most likely, the Lord does not give any answer to the request of the lyrical hero. He can only hope. That is why after that he, in anticipation, nervously, turns to someone:

“After all, now you have nothing?

Not scary?

Yes?!"

To whom are these words of the lyrical hero addressed? To someone else or to yourself? With this internal monologue, the poet conveys the position of a person in the world - lonely, small, insecure about tomorrow. He needs the stars to shine every night. And so the desperate questions of the hero, which are the conclusion of the poem:

Listen!

After all, if the stars

ignite -

Does that mean anyone needs it?

So, it is necessary

so that every evening

over the rooftops

lit up at least one star ?! -

are rhetorical. Of course, it is necessary that the stars burn. It is a beacon of hope that keeps each of us alive.

Thus, the composition of the poem is circular: in the introduction, the lyrical hero asks questions, and in the conclusion he gives an answer to them.

The work is saturated with means of artistic expression, the main of which are epithets and metaphors: “stars are spittles”, “blizzards of dust”, “midday dust”, “starless flour”, “at least one star lit up above the roofs”, etc.

In addition, the poem is filled with exclamatory sentences and rhetorical questions, repetitions:

Listen!

After all, if the stars are lit -

Does that mean anyone needs it?

So - someone wants them to be?

So - someone calls these spittles

pearl?

The famous construction of phrases "ladder" allows Mayakovsky to highlight meaningful words, focus on important phrases.

Option 2

The poem "Listen!" (1914) - the cry of the poet's soul. It begins with a desperate request addressed to the people. The poet, as it were, argues with an imaginary opponent, a narrow-minded and mundane person, an inhabitant, a tradesman, convincing him that one cannot put up with indifference, loneliness, grief.

After all, if the stars are lit -

So, does anyone need it?

So - someone wants them to be?

So - someone calls these spitting pearls?

The poet introduces a very expressive antithesis: for some, the stars are “spitting”, and for some - “pearls”, someone is unable to endure “this starless torment”. The lyrical hero deeply, subtly and keenly feels and experiences everything that happens to the world, the Universe, people. He is all - concern, care, empathy, participation, love:

After all, now you have nothing?

The main intonation of the verse is not angry and accusatory, but confessional, trusting, timid and uncertain. The lyrical hero seeks to convey to the reader his most intimate thought: a person does not live by bread alone, he also needs a dream, beauty, he needs “pearl” stars, and not “spitting” stars.

Option 3

What is the meaning of life for each of us? Why, why did we come into this world? People from ancient times to the present day have been trying to find answers to such philosophical questions. They are complex in that they cannot be answered unambiguously, you cannot say to a person: do this, and this is the meaning of your life. Everyone chooses their own path, their goal and dream.

Mayakovsky's poem "Listen!" dedicated to the theme of the meaning of human life. But the poet does not talk about what you need to dream about and what to strive for, but about the fact that each of us should have a dream for which it is worth living. Mayakovsky calls this goal, the meaning of life, faith in tomorrow a “star”, lit by “someone” and needed by “someone”.

Let's try to imagine the historical situation during the creation of the poem. Russia 1914. The worst is yet to come: the First World War, and the revolution, and the arrival of the Bolsheviks... Young Mayakovsky, fascinated by futurism and poetry, looking to the future with hope, is trying to understand what is the meaning of life? It was a time when the country was actively developing, and its inhabitants believed in themselves and in the future. The development of industry, urbanization, the gradual change of the old to the new influenced the consciousness of people. This optimistic mood is felt in the poem.

"Listen!" - a kind of appeal to people, but not loud and pretentious, as is usually the case with Mayakovsky. This is a request to stop for a moment, rise for a while above the world of “midday dust” and look at the sky, at the stars, think about what justifies our every step on earth and who came up with all this.

The main idea of the poem is that in the life of every person a star should light up. Without an idea, without a goal, it is impossible to exist in this world, “starless torment” begins, when everything you do is meaningless, empty. It is not enough for a man to simply live. Greet every morning with a smile, move towards something bigger and better, give love and joy to others - this is life marked by "stars".

Compositionally, the poem consists of three parts, different in form, rhythm, and emotional impact. In the first part, the poet addresses the readers, identifies the problem: “So, does anyone need this?” From the first line one can feel the presence of higher forces that "light" the stars. Mayakovsky raises the problem of God, predestination, because the "pearls" do not appear on their own over the roofs of houses, but by the will of someone who is above all people.

The second part shows an emotional picture of how the lyrical hero "bursts into God", asking him in despair:

must be a star! -

will not endure this starless torment!

So, it is necessary

so that every evening

lit up at least one star ?!

In the poem, three "acting" persons can be distinguished: the lyrical hero, God and "someone". These "someone" are people, all of humanity, to which the poet addresses. Everyone has a different attitude to the "stars": for some they are "spittles", for others - "pearls", but there is no doubt that their light is necessary.

"Listen!" differs from other poems by Mayakovsky, first of all, in that the poet does not use neologisms, "harsh" words and pathos phrases in it. He does not oppose himself to society, as it will be later in "A Cloud in Pants", does not condemn or denounce anyone, as in "Fleabag" or "Protsessed". Mayakovsky in his lyrical creation is revealed as a person with a sincere soul, with a kind heart, who wants everyone to find a place in life sooner or later.

Every word in the poem is expressive, emotional, expressive. All the pictures described literally appear before our eyes: a “visit” to God, stars in the sky, roofs of houses ... The poem seems to be inspired, it is airy and sincere, close to the reader. Perhaps due to the fact that Mayakovsky does not use any pronouns other than “someone”, you seem to feel yourself in the place of a lyrical hero, you feel the wind of “midday dust”, tears in your eyes and inner anxiety.

The poem is very rhythmic, which is inherent in Mayakovsky. A play on words, a transition from one to another, accents achieved through the use of punctuation marks - all this creates a unique emotional mood, an inner strain.

I really like this poem. Every time you read it, you find previously unnoticed shades and meanings. Much has been written about the search for the meaning of life and the fact that it is impossible to live without a goal. But only Mayakovsky said this in simple, accessible words. He compared the dream to the stars, a metaphor that had been used before him. But only Vladimir Vladimirovich managed to do it in such a way that you immediately want to look up, to find that star that shines exclusively for you.

The “pearl” of Mayakovsky was the idea of a new society, a new person, a future in which everyone will find their happiness. And, I believe that the poet followed his star all his life so that decades later his poems remain unique masterpieces of world poetry.

Mayakovsky's lyrics raised deep moral problems, in which good and evil, beautiful and ugly, earthly and sublime, momentary and eternal are mixed. He managed to leave his gift of a poet to people, spent his life in order, according to R. Yakobson, "to make the poetry he created a treasure of the people."

Option 3

Being a futurist, Mayakovsky wrote complex and multifaceted poetry, affecting multiple layers of both his own soul and the soul of the reader. Many consider him mundane and limited, drawing a similar conclusion based on his propaganda poetry. However, Mayakovsky's lyrics are beyond any doubt extremely multifaceted and cannot but leave a mark on the soul. So it is with the verse "Listen!"

This work, in a way, is a hymn to the loss of true ideals by mankind, as a result of which people began to worship false material idols. In the poems of that period, if we discard Mayakovsky's simulated rhythmic boasting, one can easily trace the deep vulnerability and boundless loneliness that the poet felt when he was in an overpopulated world. The author asks a painful question for himself:

After all, if the stars are lit -

Does that mean anyone needs it?

He knows the answer. But he is trying to fight the indifference that binds the souls of the townsfolk. He frantically shouts "Listen!", appealing to the apathetic consciousness of those around him; asks, begs to discard all indifference and all coldness.

So someone wants them to be?

So - someone calls these spittles

It is obvious that for someone in our world, the stars represent a certain idealistic beginning - pearls, which seem to others to be nothing more than ridiculous spittles, carelessly attached to the sky.

Thanks to an unusual rhyme, Mayakovsky manages to achieve the weight of each word. The syllables do not alternate explicitly and openly, which makes each verse a work of art. The well-established rhythm in Mayakovsky's poetry gives it the color of a loud appeal to the townsfolk who are wasting their lives and aiming their enthusiasm at completely unnecessary things.

The lyrical hero does not just say, he seems to exhale “Listen!”; the intonation is confidential and timid, as if the hero is wasting his last strength trying to draw the attention of mankind to the problems that disturb him, but at the same time, the rhythm of the verse increases, the power grows, and then slows down again, as if the poet is exhausted.

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky's poem "Listen!" - one of the early creations of the famous poet of the twentieth century. Early Mayakovsky is a subtle lyricist with soulful poetic creations. It is to the early lyrical period of V. Mayakovsky’s work that the poem “Listen!”

Already in his early work, the poet showed himself as a very gifted stylist, who subtly felt rhyme, a play on words. Mayakovsky is a magnificent innovator in the field of versification, and his famous "ladder" in the construction of rhyme is the greatest miracle of the talent of a great poet, a poet with a capital letter.

This poem from the early period of his work is permeated with intonation of trust and intimacy. This is an intimate lyric, not a public one, as the work of V.V. is usually understood. Mayakovsky. The lyrical hero here is lonely, thoughtful, restless, if you like. He is looking for mutual understanding, communication, he addresses “Listen!”, And this appeal is full of anguish and a great desire to reach out to every heart.

The poem was written in 1914, the lyrical hero of this poetic creation is lonely, easily vulnerable, full of high aspirations for spiritual ideals.

The poem in many ways resembles the cry of the soul, which begins with the appeal - “Listen!”, But gradually, as if in a dispute with an invisible indifferent opponent, it turns into a cry, an exclamation, which is an attempt to be heard and understood. After all, man is born for happiness!

The sky, the stars, the Universe - how sublimely the poet speaks about this on behalf of his lyrical hero, introducing into the poem such a stylistic device as antonyms, we understand that there are people who perceive this beauty of the universe in a completely different way, alas. For some, the stars are "pearls", and for others, "spitting".

The epithet "wiry hand" in this poem refers to God. Not a hand, but a hand, God becomes closer to the lyrical hero, as if he feels him, sees him invisibly.

Therefore, the whole poem is built in the form of an excited monologue on behalf of the lyrical hero.

Option 4

The work of many poets and writers of the early twentieth century is conditionally divided into pre-revolutionary and post-revolutionary periods. It just so happened to them creative life that the era that came after the October Revolution demanded new themes, new rhythms and new ideas. Among those who believed in the idea of a revolutionary reorganization of society was Vladimir Mayakovsky. therefore, he is known to many readers, first of all, as the author of "Poems about the Soviet passport" and the poem "Vladimir Ilyich Lenin".

However, there were in his work and lyrical works, for example, the poem "Lilichka!". "Letter to Tatyana Yakovleva" or a poem "". Before the revolution, Mayakovsky was one of the founders and active participants in the modernist trend of futurism. Representatives of this trend called themselves "budetlyans" - people who will be. In their manifesto “A Slap in the Face of Public Taste,” they called for “abandoning Pushkin and Dostoevsky. Tolstoy from the steamer of Modernity. After all, the new reality required new forms of expressiveness in the expression of new meanings, in fact, a new language.

As a result, this led to the creation of a different system of versification - tonic, that is, based on stress. The tonic verse becomes accentuated, because the innovators turned out to be closer to the “poetic size of a living spoken word». Modern poetry was supposed to “break out of the dungeon of the book” and resound in the square, was supposed to shock, like the futurists themselves. Mayakovsky's early poems "Could you?". "Nate!" "To you!" already in the title they contained a challenge to the society with which the lyrical hero found himself in conflict - a society of ordinary people, deprived of a lofty idea, uselessly smoking the sky.

But among the early poems of the young Mayakovsky there is one in which there is no challenge and denunciation. "Listen!" - no longer a challenge, but rather a request, even a plea. In this work, the analysis of which will be discussed, one can feel the “butterfly of the poetic heart”, vulnerable and searching.

The poem "Listen!" - this is not a pathetic appeal to the crowd, not a shocking appeal, but a request to people to stop for a moment and look at the starry sky. Of course, the phrase from this poem “After all, if the stars are lit, it means that someone needs it?” known to a wide range of readers, it is quite often parodied. But this rhetorical question makes you think about the meaning of life.

The star has always been guiding, it served as a beacon in the endless sea. For the poet, this image becomes a symbol: the star is the goal, that lofty idea, to which you need to go throughout your life. An aimless existence turns life into "starless torment".

Traditionally, the lyrical hero in poetry is personified with the help of the first person pronoun - "I", as if merging with the author himself. Mayakovsky calls his hero the indefinite pronoun "someone". Perhaps the poet does not even hope that there are still such people who wanted the stars to light up, so that they would be. At the same time, however, one can feel the hidden polemic of the hero with that very crowd of indifferent inhabitants, for whom the stars are only “spitting”. because for him it is a pearl.

The lyrical plot allows you to see a fantastic picture: the hero "rushes to God" and, fearing that he was late, "cries, kisses his sinewy hand." asks for a star and swears that he cannot live without it. An amazing detail immediately catches the eye - the "veiny hand" of God. Perhaps it was important for the poet to emphasize the closeness to people of even the highest powers, because the workers - the proletariat - had sinewy hands. Or maybe this epithet, according to the author's intention, should testify to the fact that God also works in the sweat of his brow for our good. In any case, this detail is unusual and unique and, like many means in Vladimir Vladimirovich's poetry, creates a vivid, memorable image that distinguishes Mayakovsky's style and remains in memory for a long time.

Having received a star and having determined a goal for himself, the hero, as it were, calms down and "walks calmly outwardly." But now he finds a like-minded person, another "someone". who is no longer "scared" in the "blizzard of midday dust." This leaves hope that the cry of the hero's soul is "Listen!" - will not be a voice crying in the wilderness.

The ring composition of the poem determines the repetition of the already raised question about who needs to light the stars. Only now an exclamation mark and a word expressing obligation appear in it:

So, it is necessary

so that every evening

over the rooftops

at least one star lit up.

Therefore, the last lines of the poem sound, in the words of a contemporary Vladimir Mayakovsky, as "a demand for faith and a request for love."

One can not love Mayakovsky's work, but it is impossible not to recognize his skill, his innovation, the universal scale of his feelings.