72 years have passed since the end of the Great Patriotic War, and many veterans of the war did not receive a fair treatment from the authorities. This problem was faced by some veterans in those regions of the USSR who worked during the war years within the rear borders of the active fronts, at local air defense facilities, the construction of defensive structures, airfields and other military facilities.
The Constitution of the Russian Federation proclaimed Russia a social state, that is, the legislation fixed the main thing in its activity: social policy and social protection of a person. The social state is understood as a state based on justice. War veterans are a special object of application of the welfare state's efforts.
Legislative act, which forms the basis of the system of social support for veterans in Russian Federation, is currently the Federal Law "On Veterans" dated January 12, 1995 No. 5-FZ.
The federal law establishes two main criteria for classifying citizens as veterans of the Great Patriotic War:
1) participation in hostilities to defend the Fatherland or ensure military units active army in combat areas;
2) passing military service or work in the rear during the Great Patriotic War for at least 6 months, excluding the period of work in the temporarily occupied territories of the USSR.
If a person was awarded medals or orders of the USSR for service and independent work during the Great Patriotic War, then this person is recognized as a veteran of the Great Patriotic War, regardless of the duration of service, work in the rear during the war.
Unfortunately, when establishing legal guarantees for the social protection of veterans of the Russian Federation, there are cases of incorrect determination of the status of a veteran of the Great Patriotic War, that is, an underestimation of the status, which deprives people of a well-deserved social measure.
When determining the status of a WWII veteran, if he worked in the rear at an enterprise, factory, it is very difficult to document the belonging of these industrial facilities to military facilities, because the current legislation does not contain the concept of a “military facility”. The certificate of a veteran of the Great Patriotic War is issued on the basis of documents confirming the fact of work within the rear borders of active fronts, operational zones of active fronts, at air defense facilities, at the construction of defensive structures, naval bases, airfields and other military facilities, and certificates from archival institutions on the timing of the presence of the corresponding military facility, within the rear borders of the active fronts, operational zones of the operating fleets, on the front-line sections of railways and highways.
And now a little about military facilities, concepts, types.
On 10/04/1932, the Council of People's Commissars approved the Regulations on Air Defense of the USSR, according to which local air defense was singled out as an independent component of the entire air defense system of the Soviet state.
Military and economically important enterprises were named air defense facilities.
All urban enterprises in the threatened zone were objects of local air defense. In connection with this bill, it is proposed to supplement subparagraph 2 of paragraph 1 of Article 2 of the Federal Law "On Veterans" dated 12.01.1995 No. 5-FZ with the definition of "military facility" in accordance with international law, "a military facility is that location, purpose or use makes an effective contribution to military action and the destruction, capture or neutralization of which, under the existing circumstances, provides a clear military advantage.
The adoption of the draft law will further contribute to the observance of the interests of war veterans, to determine the correct legal status, which allows the full use of the system of social support for veterans in the Russian Federation.
I want a concrete example Saratov region show that this law should be adopted. From September 9, 1942 to March 1943, at least 150 thousand Saratov residents worked at local air defense facilities and in the construction of defensive structures within the rear borders of the active fronts.
If we analyze the official figures of the Social Passport of the Saratov Region for 2005–2012, we come to a disappointing conclusion. According to the Ministry of Social Development of the Saratov Region, there were 3 people on the list of people who worked at air defense facilities, local air defense, and the construction of defensive structures within the rear borders of the active fronts in 2012, of which one lived in the city of Saratov.
Such a meager number of war veterans in the Saratov region with the status of paragraphs. 2 p. 1 art. 2 of the Law "On Veterans" says only one thing, that all of them were held as war veterans with the status of paragraph 4, paragraph 1, article 2, i.e. like home front workers. So once again, local officials took away the social protection measures they were entitled to from the honored people who gave everything for the Victory.
I will give just one example, as one of the veterans of the plant, a non-transportable disabled person of the second group, E.P. Fedotova did everything to protect her constitutional right, and what came of it. From September 2013 to February 2014, all offices of officials were passed in search of justice, starting from the Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Saratov Region for Social Affairs and ending with the Commissioner for Human Rights in the Saratov Region, but everywhere there was one answer - solve your problem in court . In April 2014, the prosecutor of the Leninsky district tried to protect the constitutional right of a war veteran, who has the right to the status of a war veteran under paragraph 2, paragraph 1, article 2, but the court of first instance refused to recognize the rights of a veteran ( decision of April 15, 2014 No. 2-920/14).
Verbatim quote from the decision of the court of first instance “... the court concludes that although 292 Saratov State Aviation Plant No. 292 was a military facility located within the rear borders of the active Don Front, however, Fedotova E.P. was not employed in its construction or the construction of other defensive structures. With such internal convictions of the judges, they will never assign the status of veterans to those people who forged the Victory for us.
To date, Saratov judges have blocked all attempts to defend the honor and dignity of war veterans. Decisions and appellate rulings of the courts contradict common sense and confuse both experts and jurisprudence specialists. The result of the lawsuit was a heart attack and the death of a veteran who did not have time to defend his constitutional right. Can this be called the murder of a veteran? This question must be answered by the conscience of those who pronounced this sentence!
Fortunately, there are other court decisions that restore justice. For example, the Moscow City Court recognized the correctness of the prosecutor of the Northern Administrative District and ordered the defendant (Social Security Department) to establish the status of a veteran of the Great Patriotic War under Art. 19, not Art. 20 (appellate ruling of the Moscow City Court dated October 16, 2012 in case No. 11-22627).
But according to the same law, we have 2 court decisions that absolutely contradict each other. On the example of two war veterans who have the same fate, but live in different status subjects of the Russian Federation (Moscow is the capital of the Russian Federation, Saratov is a regional city, but during the war both cities were front-line cities), in violation of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, judges make diametrically opposite decisions. This means that we, dear deputies, did not work out the legislation so that the judge would open the code, look at the article and say: you are a participant in the war and receive appropriate benefits. If there is a contradiction, then this is our defect. I propose to change the legislation so that the interpretation is unambiguous.
It is worth adding that the law was not adopted. 92 people (KPRF, LDPR and A Just Russia) voted for its adoption, 2 voted against (United Russia members Kuzmin and Gribov), 1 abstained. 355 people (the vast majority, of course, United Russia) did not vote.
Three communists, three ordinary fighters great army Bolshevism - Soviet soldiers Ivan Gerasimenko, Alexander Krasikov and Leonty Cheremnov- in the fight against fascist german invaders accomplished an immortal feat that made their names the pride of the Lenin-Stalin party.This happened during the offensive of our units in the area of the Volkhov River. The platoon of junior lieutenant Polonsky, having the task of reconnoitring the enemy's fire system, infiltrated the front line of his defense and started a fight. In the midst of the battle, machine guns from two bunkers suddenly hit the fighters from the flank.
As soon as the fighters were confused, lie down in indecision - and everything would have died. But the communists Gerasimenko, Krasikov and Cheremnov instantly, without waiting for an order, rushed forward. They ran up to the bunkers, destroyed the Germans with grenades and began to pull out Nazi machine guns through the embrasures. The heroes apparently wanted to shoot the Germans from German weapons. But the situation prevented them from carrying out their bold plan to the end.
Taking advantage of the success of Gerasimenko, Krasikov and Cheremnov, the platoon rushed on and came under crossfire from three other bunkers, which had been silent before. The three communists saw that their comrades-in-arms were in mortal danger. At the same moment, at the command of Gerasimenko, they rushed one by one to the bunkers.
They no longer had grenades, they were not tired of arming themselves with machine guns. It seemed that this time they were powerless to help their comrades in any way. It seemed that a few more minutes would pass - and the German machine guns would mow down the entire platoon. It was an unheard of and unequal duel: three fighters against three fortified firing points. But these fighters were communists - and the victory remained with them.
Gerasimenko, Krasikov and Cheremnov did not have grenades, but in their souls selfless love for the motherland, sacred hatred for the enemy burned. They did not have machine guns, but their will to win was unbending, their determination to carry out a combat order, to strike at the enemy was adamant. They had neither grenades nor machine guns, but there were bodies in which the ardent hearts of the Bolsheviks were beating - and with their bodies, like armor, they covered their comrades.
Without saying a word, without a command, the three communists rushed to the embrasures, from which machine-gun fire was bursting, and clung to them. Machine guns choked in the blood of the heroes and fell silent in impotence. The rest of the soldiers rushed on, destroying the enemy.
This is how communists fight. This is how the sons of the great party of Lenin-Stalin defend their homeland.
The immortal feat of Ivan Gerasimenko, Alexander Krasikov and Leonty Cheremnov reveals to the people, to the Red Army, with amazing force, all the greatness and all the immense power of our native Bolshevik Party. Communists, they were created by the party in its image and likeness - and this is, above all, the source of their heroism, this is the explanation of their feat.
This is the party of Lenin-Stalin, for which there is nothing higher than the good of the people, the happiness of the people, it instills in our people the readiness to give to the cause of the people “all their strength, all their abilities and, if necessary, all their blood, drop by drop” (Stalin).
This is the party of Lenin-Stalin, which led the people through all the trials and difficulties to victory on the barricades of October, in civil war, created the great Soviet state and the mighty Red Army, instills in our people fearlessness, perseverance and an iron will to win.
This is the party of Lenin-Stalin, which during the days of the Patriotic War against the Nazi invaders took on its shoulders the main burden of the struggle and sent its best sons into the ranks to organize victory, educates our people as heroes capable of conquering even death.
The communists Gerasimenko, Krasikov and Cheremnov believed, knew that a decisive victory would be ours, that our just cause would win, and the enemy would be defeated. But it was also clear to them that victory never comes by itself, that the path to it is tortuous, full of obstacles and difficulties, and only he will reach its shining heights, who, not fearing dangers, not stopping before difficulties, stubbornly, in spite of everything, moving forward and forward. For them, it was obvious that winning victory requires the exertion of all forces, up to the readiness for self-sacrifice. And when it was necessary, Gerasimenko, Krasikov and Cheremnov, fearlessly, knowing no doubts and fear, went to their deaths in the name of victory - and
won.
The greatest courage and noble self-sacrifice of the three Communists cleared the way for their unit. Polonsky's platoon fought the Nazis for an hour and a half and brutally avenged the death of the heroes. Fighting friends Gerasimenko, Krasikov and Cheremnov exterminated 55 German soldiers and officers in an unequal battle and destroyed about a dozen bunkers. The information obtained by this reconnaissance in battle made it possible to quickly break the enemy's resistance in this sector. Our troops, pursuing and exterminating the Germans, lingered for a minute at the graves of three communists and even faster went forward to Leningrad in order to help out great city Lenin, - and this was the best tribute blessed memory unforgettable warriors.
Communists Gerasimenko, Krasikov and Cheremnov are no longer in our combat ranks. But there are thousands and hundreds of thousands of other Communists who have been educated by the Party. To replace the fallen heroes, hundreds and thousands of non-Party fighters are rising in the ranks of the Party. This is the immortality of the three communist heroes. This is the immortality of our Party, the guarantee of our victory.
LETTER ABOUT THREE COMMUNIST HEROES
GERASIMENKO, KRASILOV
AND CHEREMNOV
On February 14, Krasnaya Zvezda wrote about the immortal feat of three communists - Ivan Gerasimenko, Alexander Krasilov and Leonty Cheremnov. In a difficult moment, when the outcome of the entire battle hung in the balance, they, in order to save the situation, closed the embrasures of three enemy bunkers with their bodies. Who are they, these fearless and selfless warriors?
The squad leader Ivan Savvich Gerasimenko came to the Red Army from the steppes of Ukraine - there, on the generous black soil of the Dnieper region, under the hot Ukrainian sun, his native village of Znamenka was spread. He loved his homeland and selflessly worked at the machine, multiplying its wealth. He saw the mighty, creative force of the Communist Party, which turned Ukraine into a flourishing country of abundance and people's happiness. And Gerasimenko wanted to become a part of this great force - he joined the ranks of the communists.
When the Great Patriotic War began, the communist Gerasimenko took up arms to defend his homeland. The party tempered his will and taught him to despise death. In battles, he was always ahead, as befits a communist.
Here is what is said in the combat characteristics of Ivan Savvich Gerasimenko:
“Being in the unit since September 1941, comrade. Gerasimenko showed himself as a disciplined junior commander. As an agitator in the department, he worked daily with the fighters.
In the night battle from January 18 to 19 at the Kirillovsky Monastery, comrade. Gerasimenko I.S. showed courage and bravery. Before the battle Comrade. Gerasimenko I.S. promised that he would bring the “language”, and he fulfilled his promise. Risking his life and going to self-sacrifice, he completed the task. He dragged the "tongue", stabbed and shot seven fascists at the same time.
This combat characteristic was issued to Ivan Savvich when he was accepted from among the candidates for membership in the party. He had such a high opinion of the rank of a Party member that, having already accomplished an outstanding feat, he was sincerely convinced that all his merits were still not enough to justify the high rank of a Party member. Having vowed to "carry out all the combat tasks entrusted to me", he modestly wrote further in his statement: "Please do not refuse my request"!
And, of course, he was not denied! On January 24, 1942, his statement was considered at a party meeting, and Sergeant Ivan Savvich Gerasimenko became a member of the Communist Party.
At the same meeting, statements about the entry into the candidates of the Red Army soldiers Leonty Cheremnov and Alexander Krasilov were discussed.
Cheremnov wrote in his statement: “I ask you to accept me as a candidate of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. I will honorably wear the title of party candidate. I will exterminate the fascists with all my might."
Battalion commissar Grachev, recommending Leonty Cheremnov to the party, wrote: “Comrade. Cheremnov L.A. showed exceptional courage in hand-to-hand combat with the German fascists. These short, mean words sufficiently characterize Cheremnov. A well-tailored Siberian, he gave all his strength to the fight against the enemies of the fatherland.
I liked this brave and strong fighter very much. Ivan Savvich Gerasimenko, who immediately at the party meeting carefully looked at each communist, assessing with his stern gaze who was worth what. Ivan Savvich also liked another Siberian, Alexander Krasilov, who was accepted as a candidate at the same meeting.
The secretary of the party bureau loudly read Krasilov's combat characteristics: “In the battles against the German fascists, he showed himself as a fearless, courageous fighter. Participated in the blocking of one enemy stronghold. He led his comrades forward by his example. He enjoys good prestige."
During the break, Ivan Savvich approached the newly accepted communists and started talking. The Siberians looked at the sergeant with respect, although he was ten years younger than them. They also found a common
topic. Ivan Savvich's wife moved east and worked at an evacuated Moscow factory.
She entered as a laborer, but worked only 8 days and was immediately transferred to a machine tool, - Ivan Savvich said.
He writes that as soon as the war is over, we, they say, will go to Moscow with you and will live in our capital ...
This is how the three talked about what was closest to them and somehow immediately became friends, liked each other. Everything was clear in their simple working life before the war, they had one joy - to do their job well, beautifully, soundly. And here, on the fields of the Patriotic War, they met like old acquaintances. It was no coincidence that in the last battle for them, these three fearless ones were ahead of everyone else. It is no coincidence that when death hung over the entire platoon, these three communists, without agreement, without a command, obeying one command of the heart, rushed straight to the enemy embrasures in order to close them with their bodies.
Death is easy when a bullet strikes suddenly, when you don’t see it, you don’t expect it. But what strength do you need to have to run towards your inevitable death? Feel like you last time run on your own native land that for the last time you see this low winter sky and the roofs of a Russian village, covered with snow, for the last time you hear a human voice ...
All this was felt and realized by the three fearless, and yet they ran towards the machine-gun bursts. Victory over a hated enemy was dearer to them than life. Against the backdrop of a snowy field, their figures were clearly visible to the German machine gunners. Rapidly advancing, these figures increased in size, blocking the battlefield with themselves. The German machine gunners fired at them, almost without aiming, from the shock that seized them - they had never seen such courage and contempt for death. Suddenly, something dark tightly closed the loopholes in one bunker, in another, in the third. And the German machine gunners realized that they were defeated by the mighty and unknown to them the power of self-sacrifice.
... In the silence of a winter day in front of the destroyed bunkers, baring their heads, stood the soldiers of the Red Army, shocked by the greatness of the feat of the three communists. And they, crouching against the embrasures, lay in the same poses, clutching the barrels of machine guns with their hands frozen forever, and all the snow around was scarlet, as if illuminated by the rising sun.
Politruk L. VILKOMIR.
TROOPS OF GENERAL MERETSKOV.
(by telegraph).
FROM okolov Boris Innokentyevich - detective of the Special Department of the KGB of the USSR for the 108th motorized rifle division 40th Army of the Turkestan Military District (Limited contingent of Soviet troops in the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan), captain.
Born on October 19, 1953 in the capital of Buryatia - the city of Ulan-Ude in the family of an employee. Russian. Member of the CPSU since 1977. Graduated from 10 classes, Irkutsk Aviation College. He worked at a machine-building plant.
IN Soviet army since May 1973 - called up for military service in the Trans-Baikal Military District. From the troops entered military school. In 1979 he graduated from the Kazan Higher Military Engineering School. He served in the engineering units of the Leningrad Military District.
Since August 1981 - in the bodies of the KGB of the USSR. He graduated from the Higher Courses of Military Counterintelligence of the KGB of the USSR in Novosibirsk in 1982. He served in the Special Departments of the KGB in parts of the Leningrad Military District.
From December 1983, for two and a half years, Boris Sokolov served as part of a limited contingent of Soviet troops in the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan as an operative of the Special Department of the KGB for the 108th motorized rifle division. Participated in 64 military operations with a total duration of 269 days. In battles he was twice shell-shocked and received a shrapnel wound. He remained in Afghanistan until the end of the business trip, even after being awarded the title of Hero, refusing the right to leave ahead of schedule for the Union.
At Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of December 10, 1985 for the courage and heroism shown in providing international assistance to the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, Captain Sokolov Boris Innokent'evich awarded the title of Hero Soviet Union with the award of the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal (No. 11536).
In 1986-1991 he served in a special department of the USSR State Security Committee for the Moscow Military District. Since 1992, he served in the military counterintelligence bodies of the Ministry of Security and the Federal Grid Company of Russia, then in the Economic Counterintelligence Directorate - the Department of Economic Security Federal Service security of the Russian Federation. He headed the representative office of the FSB of Russia in one of the foreign countries.
Major General. He was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Red Star, medals.
Biography supplemented by Anton Bocharov
(village of Koltsovo Novosibirsk region)
COMMUNIST, CHEKIST, HERO
Afghanistan left a tragic mark in the hearts of hundreds of thousands Soviet people. It's time to tell about the fact that in this difficult war, along with soldiers and officers, army security officers participated in all military affairs. The harsh school of Afghanistan, shoulder to shoulder with the soldiers, went through the military counter-intelligence officers, who were fulfilling their duty to ensure the security of a limited contingent of Soviet troops.
One of them is Boris Sokolov. His Afghan everyday life was not much different from the everyday life of hundreds of other military counterintelligence officers who deserved the good memory of everyone with whom fate brought them together on the dangerous roads of Afghanistan. They exposed and suppressed many espionage and sabotage terrorist acts of the rebels and their Western patrons against the Soviet troops, and dozens of servicemen of the Soviet Army were released from captivity.
From the presentation of Captain Sokolov Boris Innokentevich to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union:
"He took part in 64 operations with a total duration of 269 days. During the operations, he showed courage, bravery and courage. He acted confidently in a difficult combat situation, made competent decisions, and more than once ensured the successful completion of combat missions by the unit."
In combat conditions, the business qualities of an officer are in full view, and even more so for him, a Chekist. So it was on that March day in 1984, when, during the landing of Soviet soldiers on helicopters, they came under heavy fire from the gang. Sokolov and the chief of staff, Major Yakushev, managed to organize an effective defense, ensuring the landing of soldiers in combat vehicles. And the last to leave the battle.
In war, it is difficult to separate the life of an Aramaic counterintelligence officer from the military everyday life of others. Soviet officers. Only, perhaps, it is a little more difficult for a counterintelligence officer, because he also has his own, KGB tasks. However, the opponent does not discount this.
In January 1984, Sokolov and senior lieutenant A. Golovin seized important documents containing information about the involvement of Western intelligence services in major hostile actions against Afghanistan, lists of rebel agents. The price for this is a terrible battle, in which Boris also participated.
More than once, the communist Sokolov had to take command in critical combat situations. This happened in February 1984, when Boris, shell-shocked, still managed to lead the unit and withdraw it from the battle with minimal losses.
And one more, perhaps the most significant touch in the combat biography of Boris Sokolov. The Chekist unit in which he served was actively engaged in the release of Soviet soldiers who were captured. This work, always associated with mortal risk, required great personal courage and readiness for self-sacrifice from military counterintelligence officers: one had to have great self-control and courage in order to go unarmed to the camps of dushmans and negotiate with them at gunpoint. Many Soviet servicemen were then helped to return to their mothers.
Until recently, Boris Sokolov was one of those heroes about whom it was impossible to write. Now, as you can see, they write about it, and even in posters.
HEROES OF THE SOVIET UNION
This article contains statistics on Heroes of the Soviet Union. The main attention is paid to the pre-war period and the period of WW2. This did not include statistics on pilot-cosmonauts and Heroes of the USSR awarded this title after WW2.
In August 1933, the Chelyuskin steamship set sail with an Arctic expedition on board. February 13, 1934 at 15:30 "Chelyuskin", crushed by ice, sank. There were 111 people left on the ice floe.
In the difficult conditions of the polar winter, with a huge risk to life, Soviet pilots searched for and rescued the distressed polar explorers. On April 13, the rescue pilots received a telegram from the leaders of the Communist Party and the Soviet government: “We admire your heroic work to save the Chchelyuskins. We are proud of your victory over the forces of nature. We are glad that you justified the best hopes of the country and turned out to be worthy sons of our homeland ... We enter into a petition to the Central Executive Committee of the USSR:
1.About setting the highest degree differences associated with the manifestation heroic deed, - the title of Hero of the Soviet Union ... "This telegram was published in the most widespread newspaper Pravda, 1934, April 17.
April 20, 1934 issued the first Decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR on conferring the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
On June 19, 1934, in the Kremlin, M.I. Kalinin presented seven pilots with the highest award of the country - the Order of Lenin and a special Diploma of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR. After the establishment in August 1939 of the Gold Star medal, medal No. 1 was awarded to A.V. Lyapidevsky.
| Heroes of the Soviet Union, awarded this title for the exploits committed in the pre-war years | ||||
|
Composition |
When saving people, testing new technology, developing the Arctic | When protecting the borders of the USSR | When fulfilling an international duty | Total |
| total person | 45/1 | 438/1 | 143/3 | 625*/5 |
| communists | 28/1 | 293/1 | 118/3 | 439/5 |
| Komsomol members | 4 | 86 | 20 | 110 |
| Russians | 37/1 | 303 | 106/1 | 446/2 |
| Ukrainians | 3 | 90/1 | 20 | 113/1 |
| Belarusians | - | 13 | 7/1 | 20/1 |
| other nationalities | 5 | 32 | 10/1 | 47**/1 |
| up to 20 years | - | 3 | - | 3 |
| up to 25 years | 1 | 132 | 25 | 158 |
| up to 30 years | 13 | 132 | 64/2 | 209/2 |
| up to 40 years (incl.) | 28 | 153/1 | 53/1 | 234/2 |
| over 40 years old | 3/1 | 18 | 1 | 22/1 |
| soldiers, sailors, sergeants and foremen*** | - | 142 | 27 | 169 |
| junior officers | 5 | 247 | 93 | 345 |
| senior officer corps | 6/1 | 41 | 16/2 | 63/3 |
| senior officers | 5 | 8/1 | 7/1 | 20/2 |
| without military rank | 29 | - | - | 29 |
In total, for the courage and courage shown in the Soviet-Finnish war, 412 people were awarded the title of GSS, including 282 communists and 74 Komsomol members. The commanders of the troops of the North-Western Front, commander of the 1st rank S.K. Timoshchenko, commander of the 7th Army, commander of the 2nd rank K.A. Gorelenko, commander of the 136th rifle division brigade commander S.I. Chernyak. With red GSS - representatives of all types Armed Forces, military branches and special forces: 154 rifle troops, 75 aviators, 75 tankers, 64 artillerymen, 19 sailors, 10 engineering troops, 1 cavalryman, 13 border guards and 1 pilot of the Civil Air Fleet.
From April 1934 to July 1941, 626 people were awarded the title of GSS, 5 of them twice.
In the pre-war years, this high title was awarded for exemplary performance of military duty in protecting Soviet borders and providing international assistance to other peoples, soldiers of the Soviet Army and Navy, participants in high-latitude expeditions, testers of new technology - 597 people (including 5 people twice), or 95, 4% total number Heroes of the USSR. Among them: soldiers of the Ground Forces - 68.8%, Air Force - 27.1%, Navy - 4.1%.
Communists accounted for 70.1% of the total number of GSS, Komsomol members - 17.6%.
Among the GSS of the prewar years are representatives of various nations and nationalities. Of these: 71.2% - Russians, 18.1% - Ukrainians, 3.2% - Belarusians, 7.5% - representatives of other nationalities. Most of these people are young, under the age of 40 - 96.5%.
On July 8, 1941, the first Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on conferring the title of Hero of the Soviet Union since the beginning of the Second World War was broadcast on the radio.
By the end of 1941, the list of Heroes of the USSR was replenished with 126 more names..
***
| Heroes of the Soviet Union, awarded this title for the exploits committed in the first period of the Great Patriotic War | |||||
|
Composition |
Ground troops | air force | air defense | Navy | Total |
| total person | 241 | 286/1 | 28 | 70*/1 | 625**/2 |
| communists | 159 | 253/1 | 25 | 60/1 | 497/2 |
| Komsomol members | 28 | 29 | 2 | 6 | 65 |
| Russians | 159 | 210 | 20 | 55/1 | 444/1 |
| Ukrainians | 41 | 60/1 | 6 | 6 | 113/1 |
| Belarusians | 4 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 14 |
| other nationalities | 37 | 8 | 1 | 8 | 54*** |
| up to 20 years | 13 | 24 | - | 3 | 40 |
| up to 25 years | 76 | 128 | 8 | 17 | 229 |
| up to 30 years | 69 | 78 | 18 | 29/1 | 194/1 |
| up to 40 years (incl.) | 70 | 56/1 | 2 | 19 | 147/1 |
| over 40 years old | 13 | - | - | 2 | 15 |
| soldiers, sailors, sergeants and foremen | 110 | 9 | - | 13 | 132 |
| junior officers | 101 | 232 | 27 | 46 | 406 |
| senior officer corps | 26 | 44/1 | 1 | 6/1 | 77/2 |
| senior officers | 4 | - | - | 2 | 6 |
| no military rank | - | 1 | - | 3 | 4 |
* Including 3 sailors of the Merchant Navy
** In addition, 18 partisans and pgodpolshchiks (see tab. 7)
*** Including: Georgians - 7 people; Jews and Kazakhs - 5 people each; Avars, Azerbaijanis, Kirghiz, Estonians - 2 people each; Abkhaz, Adyghe, Balkar, Buryat, Kalmyk, Komi, Lezgin, Mari, Mordvin, Turkmen, Uzbek, Finn, Chechen.
For courage shown in battles in the first period of the Second World War, 625 people - representatives of all branches of the Armed Forces - were awarded the highest degree of distinction - the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
The largest number Air Force servicemen who received the title of GSS were 286 people, or 45.8%. Among them are 144 fighter aircraft, 55 bomber, 49 long-range, 32 assault, 6 reconnaissance and special-purpose aircraft.
A significant number of GSS were in the Ground Forces - 241 people, or 38.6% of the total. They bore the brunt of the struggle against the enemy. Among them are 163 soldiers of rifle troops, 6 artillerymen, 3 cavalrymen, 45 soldiers of armored and mechanized troops, 5 - engineering, 3 - airborne, 1 - railway, 15 - border and internal troops.
In the Navy, the number of GSS is 70 people, or 11.2% of the total. 30 of them are soldiers of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet, 10 of the Northern Fleet, 27 of the Black Sea Fleet, and 3 of the Merchant Marine. 44 GSS - aviators, 9 - marines, 7 - sailors of surface ships, 5 - submariners, 2 - coastal defense soldiers, 3 - sailors of the cargo ship "Old Bolshevik".
Among the GSS, more than half were commanders of platoons, companies, battalions and equal units; 21.1% - privates and sergeants. Communists of the GSS accounted for 79.5%, Komsomol members - 10.4%.
Among the GSS are representatives of 28 nationalities, Russians - 71%.
According to the age composition of the GSS - mostly young people. 74.1% - under the age of 30, 23.5% - under 40, and only 15 people over 40 years old.
Until the autumn of 1941, all awards were made only by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
On October 22, 1941, the right to award orders and medals on behalf of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR was granted to the military councils of the fronts and fleets, and from November 10, 1942 - also to the military councils of armies and flotillas, commanders of corps, divisions, brigades and regiments. The awarding of the Order of Lenin and the title of Hero of the Soviet Union continued to be carried out by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, which received the opportunity to resolve such issues more quickly.
This article contains statistics on Heroes of the Soviet Union. The main attention is paid to the pre-war period and the period of WW2. This did not include statistics on pilot-cosmonauts and Heroes of the USSR awarded this title after WW2.
In August 1933, the Chelyuskin steamship set sail with an Arctic expedition on board. February 13, 1934 at 15:30 "Chelyuskin", crushed by ice, sank. There were 111 people left on the ice floe.
In the difficult conditions of the polar winter, with a huge risk to life, Soviet pilots sought out and rescued the distressed polar explorers. On April 13, the rescue pilots received a telegram from the leaders of the Communist Party and the Soviet government: “We admire your heroic work to save the Chchelyuskins. We are proud of your victory over the forces of nature. We are glad that you justified the best hopes of the country and turned out to be worthy sons of our homeland ... We enter into a petition to the Central Executive Committee of the USSR:
1. On the establishment of the highest degree of distinction associated with the manifestation of a heroic deed - the title of Hero of the Soviet Union ... "This telegram was published in the most widespread newspaper Pravda, 1934, April 17.
April 20, 1934 issued the first Decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR on conferring the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
On June 19, 1934, in the Kremlin, M.I. Kalinin presented seven pilots with the highest award of the country - the Order of Lenin and a special Diploma of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR. After the establishment in August 1939 of the Gold Star medal, medal No. 1 was awarded to A.V. Lyapidevsky.
| Heroes of the Soviet Union, awarded this title for the exploits committed in the pre-war years | ||||
| Composition | When saving people, testing new technology, developing the Arctic | When defending the borders | When fulfilling an international duty | Total |
| total person | 45/1 | 438/1 | 143/3 | 625*/5 |
| communists | 28/1 | 293/1 | 118/3 | 439/5 |
| Komsomol members | 4 | 86 | 20 | 110 |
| Russians | 37/1 | 303 | 106/1 | 446/2 |
| Ukrainians | 3 | 90/1 | 20 | 113/1 |
| Belarusians | - | 13 | 7/1 | 20/1 |
| other nationalities | 5 | 32 | 10/1 | 47**/1 |
| up to 20 years | - | 3 | - | 3 |
| up to 25 years | 1 | 132 | 25 | 158 |
| up to 30 years | 13 | 132 | 64/2 | 209/2 |
| up to 40 years (incl.) | 28 | 153/1 | 53/1 | 234/2 |
| over 40 years old | 3/1 | 18 | 1 | 22/1 |
| soldiers, sailors, sergeants and foremen*** | - | 142 | 27 | 169 |
| junior officers | 5 | 247 | 93 | 345 |
| senior officer corps | 6/1 | 41 | 16/2 | 63/3 |
| senior officers | 5 | 8/1 | 7/1 | 20/2 |
| no military rank | 29 | - | - | 29 |
In total, for the courage and courage shown in the Soviet-Finnish war, 412 people were awarded the title of GSS, including 282 communists and 74 Komsomol members. The commanders of the troops of the North-Western Front, commander of the 1st rank S.K. Timoshchenko, commander of the 7th Army, commander of the 2nd rank K.A. Gorelenko, commander of the 136th rifle division brigade commander S.I. Chernyak. Among the GSS are representatives of all types of the Armed Forces, military branches and special forces: 154 rifle troops, 75 aviators, 75 tankers, 64 artillerymen, 19 sailors, 10 engineering troops, 1 cavalryman, 13 border guards and 1 pilot of the Civil Air Fleet.
In the pre-war years, this high title was awarded for exemplary performance of military duty in protecting Soviet borders and providing international assistance to other peoples, soldiers of the Soviet Army and Navy, participants in high-latitude expeditions, testers of new technology - 597 people (including 5 people twice), or 95, 4% of the total number of Heroes of the USSR. Among them: soldiers of the Ground Forces - 68.8%, Air Force - 27.1%, Navy - 4.1%.
Communists accounted for 70.1% of the total number of GSS, Komsomol members - 17.6%.
Among the GSS of the prewar years are representatives of various nations and nationalities. Of these: 71.2% - Russians, 18.1% - Ukrainians, 3.2% - Belarusians, 7.5% - representatives of other nationalities. Most of these people are young, under the age of 40 - 96.5%.
On July 8, 1941, the first Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on conferring the title of Hero of the Soviet Union since the beginning of the Second World War was broadcast on the radio.
By the end of 1941, the list of Heroes of the USSR was replenished with 126 more names.
| Heroes of the Soviet Union, awarded this title for the exploits committed in the first period of the Great Patriotic War (June 22, 1941 – November 18, 1942) |
|||||
| Composition | Ground troops | air force | air defense | Navy | Total |
| total person | 241 | 286/1 | 28 | 70*/1 | 625**/2 |
| communists | 159 | 253/1 | 25 | 60/1 | 497/2 |
| Komsomol members | 28 | 29 | 2 | 6 | 65 |
| Russians | 159 | 210 | 20 | 55/1 | 444/1 |
| Ukrainians | 41 | 60/1 | 6 | 6 | 113/1 |
| Belarusians | 4 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 14 |
| other nationalities | 37 | 8 | 1 | 8 | 54*** |
| up to 20 years | 13 | 24 | - | 3 | 40 |
| up to 25 years | 76 | 128 | 8 | 17 | 229 |
| up to 30 years | 69 | 78 | 18 | 29/1 | 194/1 |
| up to 40 years (incl.) | 70 | 56/1 | 2 | 19 | 147/1 |
| over 40 years old | 13 | - | - | 2 | 15 |
| 110 | 9 | - | 13 | 132 | |
| junior officers | 101 | 232 | 27 | 46 | 406 |
| senior officer corps | 26 | 44/1 | 1 | 6/1 | 77/2 |
| senior officers | 4 | - | - | 2 | 6 |
| no military rank | - | 1 | - | 3 | 4 |
* Including 3 sailors of the Merchant Navy
** In addition, 18 partisans and pgodpolshchiks (see tab. 7)
*** Including: Georgians - 7 people; Jews and Kazakhs - 5 people each; Avars, Azerbaijanis, Kirghiz, Estonians - 2 people each; Abkhaz, Adyghe, Balkar, Buryat, Kalmyk, Komi, Lezgin, Mari, Mordvin, Turkmen, Uzbek, Finn, Chechen.
For the courage shown in the battles in the first period of the Second World War, 625 people - representatives of all branches of the Armed Forces - were awarded the highest degree of distinction - the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
The largest number of those who received the title of GSS were Air Force servicemen - 286 people, or 45.8%. Among them are 144 fighter aircraft, 55 bombers, 49 long-range, 32 assault, 6 reconnaissance and special-purpose aircraft.
A significant number of GSS were in the Ground Forces - 241 people, or 38.6% of the total. They bore the brunt of the struggle against the enemy. Among them are 163 soldiers of rifle troops, 6 artillerymen, 3 cavalrymen, 45 soldiers of armored and mechanized troops, 5 - engineering, 3 - airborne, 1 - railway, 15 - border and internal troops.
In the Navy, the number of GSS is 70 people, or 11.2% of the total. 30 of them are soldiers of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet, 10 of the Northern Fleet, 27 of the Black Sea Fleet, and 3 of the Merchant Marine. 44 GSS - aviators, 9 - marines, 7 - sailors of surface ships, 5 - submariners, 2 - coastal defense soldiers, 3 - sailors of the cargo ship "Old Bolshevik".
Among the GSS, more than half were commanders of platoons, companies, battalions and equal units; 21.1% - privates and sergeants. Communists of the GSS accounted for 79.5%, Komsomol members - 10.4%.
Among the GSS are representatives of 28 nationalities, Russians - 71%.
According to the age composition of the GSS - mostly young people. 74.1% - under the age of 30, 23.5% - under 40, and only 15 people over 40 years old.
Until the autumn of 1941, all awards were made only by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
On October 22, 1941, the right to award orders and medals on behalf of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR was granted to the military councils of the fronts and fleets, and from November 10, 1942 - also to the military councils of armies and flotillas, commanders of corps, divisions, brigades and regiments. The awarding of the Order of Lenin and the title of Hero of the Soviet Union continued to be carried out by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, which now received the opportunity to resolve such issues more quickly.
| Heroes of the Soviet Union, awarded this title for the exploits committed in the second period of the Great Patriotic War (November 19, 1942 – December 31, 1943) |
|||||
| Ground troops | air force | air defense | Navy | Total | |
| total person | 3052/1 | 478/8 | 43 | 85 | 3658*/9 |
| communists | 1723/1 | 454/7 | 42 | 73 | 2292/8 |
| Komsomol members | 505 | 11/1 | 1 | 6 | 523/1 |
| Russians | 2121/1 | 354/4 | 31 | 70 | 2576/5 |
| Ukrainians | 509 | 94/4 | 10 | 12 | 625/4 |
| Belarusians | 50 | 13 | 2 | - | 65 |
| other nationalities | 372 | 17 | - | 3 | 392** |
| up to 20 years | 610 | 12 | - | 1 | 623 |
| up to 25 years | 874 | 224/2 | 27 | 28 | 1153/2 |
| up to 30 years | 637 | 175/4 | 10 | 22 | 844/4 |
| up to 40 years (incl.) | 723/1 | 67/2 | 6 | 28 | 824/3 |
| over 40 years old | 208 | - | - | 6 | 214 |
| soldiers, sailors, sergeants and foremen | 1633 | 5 | - | 19 | 1657 |
| junior officers | 1091 | 395/4 | 29 | 54 | 1569/4 |
| senior officer corps | 282/1 | 77/4 | 14 | 12 | 385/5 |
| senior officers | 46 | 1 | - | - | 47 |
* In addition, 30 partisans and underground fighters.
** In that chile: Tatars - 63 people; Jews and Kazakhs - 41 people each; Uzbeks - 34 people; Mordvins - 33 people; Armenians - 27 people; Bashkirs - 22 people; Georgians - 20 people; Chuvash - 17 people; Ossetians - 12 people; Azerbaijanis - 11 people; Turkmens - 8 people; Poles and Tajiks - 6 people each; Mari - 5 people; Kabardians, Udmurts and Czechs - 4 people each; Karelians, Lithuanians - 3 people each; Avrs, Buryats, Kalmyks, Komi, Khakasses, Estonians - 2 people each; Abkhaz, Adyghe, Assyrian, Greek, Dargin, Dungan, Spaniard, Karachay, Kirghiz, Kumyk, Lak, Lezgin, Circassian, Chechen, Evenk, Yakut.
2438 people were awarded the title of GSS (in 1943 - 1622 people, in 1944 - 816 people). In addition, for crossing the Dnieper and other rivers, for the feats accomplished in subsequent years, another 56 people were awarded the title of GSS.
It was the largest detachment of the GSS since the beginning of the Second World War. The main burden of the fighting during the crossing of the Dnieper and holding bridgeheads fell on the shoulders of the soldiers of the Ground Forces. Warriors of this type of the Armed Forces, awarded the title of GSS, make up the majority - 94.7%, of which about 70% are infantrymen.
| Heroes of the Soviet Union, awarded this title for the exploits committed during the final liberation of the Soviet land (December 1943 – October 1944) |
|||||
| Ground troops | air force | air defense | Navy | Total | |
| total person | 1718/5 | 811/11 | 9/1 | 268/3 | 2806/20 |
| communists | 1089/5 | 762/11 | 8/1 | 207/3 | 2066/20 |
| Komsomol members | 255 | 27 | 1 | 27 | 310 |
| Russians | 1175/1 | 621/9 | 7/1 | 193/2 | 1996/13 |
| Ukrainians | 335/2 | 127/2 | 1 | 49/1 | 512/5 |
| Belarusians | 50/2 | 37 | - | 5 | 92/2 |
| other nationalities | 158 | 26 | 1 | 21 | 206* |
| up to 20 years | 438 | 66/1 | - | 18 | 522/1 |
| up to 25 years | 516 | 475/5 | 8 | 112 | 1111/5 |
| up to 30 years | 335 | 202/4 | 1/1 | 84/1 | 622/6 |
| up to 40 years (incl.) | 335/4 | 68/1 | - | 52/2 | 455/7 |
| over 40 years old | 94/1 | - | - | 2 | 96/1 |
| soldiers, sailors, sergeants and foremen | 829 | 5 | - | 77 | 911 |
| junior officers | 682 | 677/11 | 8/1 | 157 | 1524/12 |
| senior officer corps | 179/4 | 129 | 1 | 34/3 | 343/7 |
| senior officers | 28/1 | - | - | - | 28/1 |
* Including: Tatars - 32 people; Georgians - 22 people; Armenians - 21 people; Jews - 18 people; Kazakhs - 15 people; Uzbeks - 11 people; Chuvash - 10 people; Mordvins - 9 people; Azerbaijanis - 8 people; Komi and Ossetians - 5 people each; Adyghe and Udmurts - 4 people each; Bashkirs, Kyrgyz, Latvians, Tajiks, French and Estonians - 3 people each; Karelians, Lezgins, Mari - 2 people each; Avar, Altaian, Greek, Kalmyk, Korean, Kumandin, Kumyk, Moldovan, Lithuanian, Nanai, Nogai, Pole, Svan, Tuvan, Gypsy, Circassian, Chechen and Yakut.
Largest number The GSS at this stage of the war was in the Ground Forces - 1718 people, which is 61.2%, including 5 people who were awarded the second Gold Star medal. More than 1,000 of them served in rifle troops, over 300 in armored and mechanized troops, about 200 in artillery and mortar troops, and 30 people in airborne troops.
There were 811 people in the GSS Air Force, or 28.9%. Among them, 382 served in attack aviation, 193 in fighter aviation, 112 in long-range aviation, 72 in bomber aviation, and 52 in reconnaissance and special-purpose aviation. 11 people were awarded the title of GSS for the second time.
In the Navy, 268 people became GSS, or 9.6%. 134 of them served in naval aviation, 78 in marines, 33 - on surface ships, 15 - in river military flotillas and 8 - submariners. 3 people were awarded the second medal "Gold Star".
It is indicative that 1895 GSS, or 67.5%, are commanders and political workers. Of these, 18.1% are senior officers and almost 1.5% are senior officers. 8.7% are communists and Komsomol members.
Of the total number of those awarded the title of GSS, 80.4% were under the age of 30, of which 18.6% were under 20. Among the GSS are representatives of 43 nationalities: 71.1% - Russians, 18.2% - Ukrainians, 3.3% - Belarusians, other nationalities - 7.4%.
| Heroes of the Soviet Union, awarded this title for the exploits committed during the battles in Europe (1944 - 1945) | |||||
| Ground troops | air force | air defense | Navy | Total | |
| total person | 3396/34 | 756/40 | 12 | 38/2 | 4202/76 |
| communists | 2427/34 | 662/39 | 12 | 23/2 | 3124/75 |
| Komsomol members | 447 | 62/1 | - | 8 | 517/1 |
| Russians | 2389/19 | 564/28 | 6 | 29/1 | 2979/48 |
| Ukrainians | 614/10 | 125/8 | 4 | 3 | 746/18 |
| Belarusians | 53/1 | 32/1 | 2 | 3 | 90/2 |
| other nationalities | 349/4 | 35/3 | - | 3/1 | 387*/8 |
| up to 20 years | 688 | 95 | - | 4 | 788 |
| up to 25 years | 1073/3 | 406/27 | 7 | 9 | 1495/30 |
| up to 30 years | 709/2 | 162/7 | 4 | 5/2 | 880/11 |
| up to 40 years | 670/6 | 90/5 | 1 | 18 | 779/11 |
| over 40 years old | 256/23 | 2/1 | - | 2 | 260/24 |
| soldiers, sailors, sergeants and foremen | 1231 | 4 | - | 13 | 1248 |
| junior officers | 1421/2 | 581/13 | 11 | 17 | 2030/15 |
| senior officer corps | 602/9 | 151/23 | 1 | 7/2 | 761/34 |
| senior officers | 142/23 | 20/4 | - | 1 | 163/27 |
* Including: Tatars - 62 people; Jews - 43 people; Georgians - 42 people; Armenians - 38 people; Kazakhs - 35 people; Uzbeks - 22 people; Azerbaijanis - 21 people; Mordvins - 17 people; Bashkirs - 14 people; Chuvash - 13 people; Ossetians - 11 people; Mari - 10 people; Turkmens - 9 people; Kyrgyz - 6 people; Tajiks - 5 people; Abkhazians, Dungans, Kabardians, Kalmyks, Karelians, Latvians and Lithuanians - 3 people each; Komi, Poles, Udmurts and Estonians - 2 people each; Altaian, Bulgarian, Buryat, Kurd, Lak, German, Finn, French, Czech and Yakut.
| Heroes of the Soviet Union, awarded this title for the exploits committed in the third period of the Great Patriotic War (January 1, 1944 - May 9, 1945) | |||||
| Composition | Ground troops | air force | air defense | Navy | Total |
| total person | 5114/39 | 1567/51 | 21/1 | 306/5 | 7008*/96 |
| communists | 3516/39 | 1424/50 | 20/1 | 230/5 | 5190/95 |
| Komsomol members | 702 | 89/1 | 1 | 35 | 827/1 |
| Russians | 3555/20 | 1185/37 | 13/1 | 222/3 | 4975/61 |
| Ukrainians | 949/12 | 252/10 | 5 | 52/1 | 1258/23 |
| Belarusians | 103/3 | 69/1 | 2 | 8 | 182/4 |
| other nationalities | 507/4 | 61/3 | 1 | 24/1 | 593**/8 |
| up to 20 years | 1125 | 162/1 | - | 22 | 1309/1 |
| up to 25 years | 1590/3 | 881/32 | 15 | 121 | 2607/35 |
| up to 30 years | 1044/2 | 364/11 | 5/1 | 89/3 | 1502/17 |
| up to 40 years | 1005/10 | 158/6 | 1 | 70/2 | 1234/18 |
| over 40 years old | 350/24 | 2/1 | - | 4 | 356/25 |
| soldiers, sailors, sergeants and foremen | 2060 | 9 | - | 90 | 2159 |
| junior officers | 2103/2 | 1258/24 | 19/1 | 174 | 3554/27 |
| senior officer corps | 781/13 | 280/23 | 2 | 41/5 | 1104/41 |
| senior officers | 170/24 | 20/4 | - | 1 | 191/28 |
* In addition, 201 people are partisans, underground workers and members of the Resistance movement.
** Including: Tatars - 94 people; Georgians - 64 people; Jews - 61 people; Armenians - 59 people; Kazakhs - 50 people; Uzbeks - 33 people; Azerbaijanis - 29 people; Mordvins - 26 people; Chuvash - 23 people; Bashkirs - 17 people; Ossetians - 16 people; Mari - 12 people; Kyrgyz and Turkmen - 9 people each; Tajiks - 8 people; Komi - 7 people; Latvians and Udmurts - 6 people each; Karelians and Estonians - 5 people each; Adyghes, Kalmyks, Lithuanians and French - 4 people each; Abkhazians, Dungans, Kabardians and Poles - 3 people each; Altaians, Lezgins and Yakuts - 2 people each; Avar, Bulgarian, Buryat, Greek, Korean, Kumandean, Kumyk, Kurd, Lak, Moldovan, Nanai, Nogai, German, Svan, Tuvan, Finn, Gypsy, Circassian, Czech and Chechen.
In the Ground Forces, out of the total number of GSS, more than 3,000 people served in rifle troops, over 900 in armored and mechanized troops, and 500 in artillery and mortar troops, the rest in airborne, cavalry, engineering troops and signal troops.
Among the GSS who served in the Air Force, 706 were from attack aircraft, 463 from fighter aircraft, 183 from bomber aircraft, 137 served in long-range aviation and 78 in reconnaissance and special forces.
Almost all offensive operations 1944-1945 were carried out with the direct participation navy, river and lake fleets. Representatives of the Navy accounted for 4.4% of the total number of GSS. Among them, 144 people served in naval aviation, 78 - in the marines, 37 - on surface ships, 32 - in river and lake flotillas, and 15 people - submariners.
If in the first period of the Second World War there were 6 people among the senior officers of the GSS, in the second - 47, then in the third period - 191 people, including 28 people were awarded the Gold Star medal twice.
Communists and Komsomol members made up almost 86%. Among the GSS are representatives of 54 nationalities. Compared with previous periods of the war, the number of soldiers under the age of 20 awarded the title of GSS has significantly increased. If in the first period of the GSS, there were 40 people under the age of 20, in the second - 623, then in the third there were already 1309 people.
| Heroes of the Soviet Union - partisans, underground fighters and participants in the European resistance movement | ||||
| partisans | Underground | Members of the resistance movement | Total | |
| total person | 172/2 | 61 | 16 | 249/2 |
| communists | 133/2 | 32 | 13 | 178/2 |
| Komsomol members | 22 | 25 | - | 47 |
| pioneers | 3 | - | - | 3 |
| Russians | 87 | 20 | 7 | 114 |
| Ukrainians | 36/2 | 25 | 3 | 64/2 |
| Belarusians | 37 | 8 | 1 | 46 |
| other nationalities | 12 | 8 | 5 | 25* |
| up to 20 years | 13 | 2 | - | 15 |
| up to 25 years | 12 | 21 | - | 33 |
| up to 30 years | 48 | 12 | 6 | 66 |
| up to 40 years | 68 | 13 | 6 | 66 |
| over 40 years old | 31/2 | 13 | 4 | 48/2 |
* Including: Lithuanians - 8 people; Latvians - 4 people; Germans - 3 people; Azerbaijani; Veps, Jew, Kalmyk, Karelian, Karachay, Mordvinian, Tatar, Uzbek and Czech.
249 people - partisans, underground fighters, members of the Resistance movement - were awarded the highest degree of distinction of the Motherland - the title of the GSS. An analysis of the figures given in the table shows that the majority of Pariizan Heroes is 69.1%, underground workers - 24.5%, members of the Resistance movement and scouts - 6.4% of the total number of GSS - participants in the struggle behind enemy lines.
Among partisans, underground workers, members of the resistance movement. who became GSS, 71.5% were communists, 18.9% were Komsomol members. Among them are 16 secretaries of the underground regional committees, city committees and district committees of the CPSU (b) and 14 commissars of partisan detachments and formations. Among the GSS, Russians accounted for 45.8%, Ukrainians - 25.7%, Belarusians - 18.5%, in total - representatives of 16 nationalities aged 13 to 83 years.
Among them, more than 30% are workers and about 40% are collective farmers, many young people, including pioneers, about 10% are women.
| Heroes of the Soviet Union, awarded this title for the exploits committed during the Great Patriotic War | ||||||
| Ground troops | air force | air defense | Navy | Partisan formations and underground organizations | Total | |
| total person | 8447/44 | 2332/61 | 92/1 | 513/7 | 249/2 | 11633/115 |
| communists | 5434/44 | 2132/59 | 87/1 | 406/7 | 178/2 | 8237/113 |
| Komsomol members | 1238 | 129/2 | 4 | 53 | 47 | 1471/2 |
| Russians | 5861/23 | 1750/42 | 64/1 | 393/5 | 114 | 8182/71 |
| Ukrainians | 1507/13 | 406/15 | 21 | 74/1 | 64/2 | 2072/31 |
| Belarusians | 159/3 | 90/1 | 5 | 11 | 46 | 311/4 |
| other nationalities | 920/5 | 86/3 | 2 | 35/1 | 25 | 1068/9 |
| up to 20 years | 1750 | 198/1 | - | 27 | 15 | 1990/1 |
| up to 25 years | 2542/3 | 1233/34 | 50 | 172 | 33 | 4030/37 |
| up to 30 years | 1758/2 | 617/15 | 33/1 | 154/5 | 66 | 2628/23 |
| up to 40 years | 1810/11 | 281/9 | 9 | 143/2 | 87 | 2330/22 |
| over 40 years old | 687/28 | 3/2 | - | 17 | 48/2 | 655/32 |
| soldiers, sailors, sergeants and foremen | 3810 | 23 | - | 134 | - | 3967 |
| junior officers | 3304/2 | 1885/28 | 75/1 | 295/1 | 5 | 5564/32 |
| senior officer corps | 1098/14 | 401/28 | 17 | 74/6 | 15 | 1605/48 |
| senior officers | 235/28 | 22/5 | - | 7 | 7/2 | 271/35 |
| no military rank | - | 1 | - | 3 | 222 | 226 |
Among the GSS awarded this title during the Second World War, soldiers, sergeants and foremen accounted for 34.1%, junior officers - 47.8%, senior officers - 2.3%.
71% were communists and about 13% were Komsomol members.
People under the age of 25 accounted for 51.8%, over 40 years - 5.6%.
| Heroes of the Soviet Union, awarded this title for the exploits committed during the Soviet-Japanese War | ||||
| Composition | Ground troops | air force | Navy | Total |
| total person | 40/4 | 1/1 | 52/1 | 93/6 |
| communists | 36/4 | 1/1 | 43/1 | 80/6 |
| Komsomol members | 3 | - | 6 | 9 |
| Russians | 26/2 | 1/1 | 46/1 | 73/4 |
| Ukrainians | 8/1 | - | 4 | 12/1 |
| Belarusians | 2 | - | 1 | 4 |
| other nationalities | 4/1 | - | - | 4*/1 |
| up to 20 years | 2 | - | 1 | 3 |
| up to 25 years | 2 | - | 6 | 8 |
| up to 30 years | 8 | - | 14/1 | 22/1 |
| up to 40 years | 12 | - | 36 | 38 |
| over 40 years old | 16/4 | 1/1 | 5 | 22/5 |
| soldiers, sailors, sergeants and foremen | 7 | - | 12 | 19 |
| junior officers | 9 | - | 21/1 | 30/1 |
| senior officer corps | 9 | - | 15 | 24 |
| senior officers | 15/4 | 1/1 | 4 | 20/5 |
The largest number of GSS, 52 people, are representatives of the Navy: 44 people - from the Pacific Fleet, 7 - from the Red Banner Amur Flotilla and People's Commissar of the Navy N.G. Kuznetsov. Among the heroes-sailors, 14 people served in the Marine Corps, 15 - in the aviation of the Pacific Fleet, 22 - on surface ships. The fact that more than half of the GSS - participants in the war with Japan are sailors, is explained by the conditions of the theater of operations.
The largest number of the GSS who served in the Ground Forces and were awarded this title for their exploits in the Far East Company, 26 soldiers from the strlkkovy wax, 6 - armored, 4 - artillery, 2 - engineering troops, one soldier served in the cavalry.
Among the GSS are representatives of the High Command (including the Commander-in-Chief Soviet troops on the Far Vlstok Marshal of the Soviet Union A.M. Vasilevsky), commanders of fronts (fleets), armies (flotillas); commanders of corps, divisions, brigades, ships, regiments, battalions; staff officers, commanders of companies, platoons, squads, crews of tanks and aircraft, gun crews; ordinary composition. In particular, among the GSS - 20 marshals, generals and admirals, 54 officers, 19 foremen, Red Army and Red Navy.
Among the GSS - participants in the battles with Japan, the Communists and Komsomol members accounted for 95.7%.
| Heroes of the Soviet Union awarded this title twice or more (1934 - 1984) | ||||
| In the prewar years | During the Great Patriotic War | IN post-war years | Total | |
| total person | 5 | 115 | 30 | 150 |
| communists | 5 | 113 | 30 | 148 |
| Komsomol members | - | 2 | - | 2 |
| Russians | 2 | 71 | 25 | 98 |
| Ukrainians | 1 | 31 | 3 | 35 |
| Belarusians | 1 | 4 | 1 | 6 |
| other nationalities | 1 | 9 | 1 | 11* |
| up to 25 years | - | 38 | - | 38 |
| up to 30 years | 2 | 23 | 2 | 27 |
| up to 40 years | 2 | 22 | 19 | 43 |
| over 40 years old | 1 | 32 | 9 | 42 |
| junior officers | - | 32 | 9 | 42 |
| senior officer corps | 3 | 48 | 17 | 68 |
| senior officers | 2 | 36 | 4 | 42 |
| no military rank | - | - | 8 | 8 |
* Including: Armenians and Jews - 2 people each; Bashkirs, Karelians, Kazakhs, Ossetians, Poles, Tatars, Chuvashs.
