- Red spots on the map of Moscow - areas where you can live in general ...
- ... but it's better not to?
- Yes, why? It's worth it, but you have to be especially careful there, - smiles Gennady Akulkin, head of the radiation monitoring laboratory of the Research Institute of Ecology of the City, looking at the aerial gamma maps of Moscow.
Not to say that red is everywhere - but there is a lot of it, and in this case, "red" is not at all identical to "beautiful". Here is the center, insane in terms of prices for housing and services, all in spots ("Monuments, granite background give a strong"), here is the highly liquid Leningradka with the territory of the Institute. Kurchatov (“Thank God, there is only one reactor working there - it would be removed from the city, but who has extra half a billion dollars?”), Here is the prestigious South-West (“There were burials, they carried out reclamation - now everything is fine there”) ... Separately - famous in Lately South Butovo; all red, like a fire truck, according to the magazine "Spark".
- Searched, searched, what's the matter - they haven't found anything yet, - says Akulkin. We still don't understand. You can live with it - with red, and even with very red. Only it is impossible to dig without control and it is impossible to build without supervision on these lands. And to live, - Akulkin smiles, - it is possible. After all, the whole land is what it is - you won’t find cleaner in the capital.

If you figure out who and how monitors the cleanliness of the Moscow land, then the following picture emerges. There are those in Moscow who measure radiation and other pollution of the earth - according to the 553rd resolution (before the start of any construction) and in other clearly defined cases. There are those who fix - Sanepidnadzor. There are those in Moscow who, in case of emergency, take out contaminated land - for example, the Moscow NPO Radon, if the land is radioactive. But there is no effective control over who and how then builds / imports / clogs on this clean land - and there is no working system of punishment - that in in full existed in Moscow until 2001. Until the very moment when the federal subordination of the Moskompriroda was replaced by a purely urban Department of Nature Management and Protection environment, significantly reducing his staff (instead of four hundred different viewers - one hundred). Gennady Akulkin - former employee Moskompriroda, "federal" - I'm sure that everyone lost from the resubordination:
- Under Moskompriroda there was an administrative commission on violations. Already the call to the commission meant a lot, a lot ... We collected hundreds of millions of fine rubles a year in Moscow - for polluting the land, for squatting and self-construction, for unauthorized dumps. Land, waste, water, air, mine, the one for radiation control - there were a lot of inspections. Now, it means that they decided to save money and reduce their staff. Despite the fact that the inspectors walked around the city and looked for where the mess was. With a dosimeter and other equipment at the ready. They had such bread: five percent of the fine, but no more than two salaries.
It is also necessary to explain here: earlier, the fines that the administrative commission imposed went to the Moscow Environmental Fund. Now the capital's environmental police collect fines, and they go straight to the Moscow budget. It would seem, what's the difference - just another pocket of the city, but not everything is so simple. For example, I wanted a certain plant treatment facilities to modernize or to clean and recultivate the same polluted land, but he has no money. Then they turned to the environmental fund, from where it was possible to take an interest-free loan for this business.
- They put a new filter - the inspection came. If they see that the work has been done correctly and the money has not gone to the side, half of the debt to the environmental fund is down, for writing off.
Gennady Mikhailovich understands, of course, that the city is large and there are plenty of surprises - including on the basis of pollution - in it. After all, no one is insured, for example, from an old neighbor, to whom the late naval husband left a trophy watch from a German submarine as an inheritance (a hundredfold excess of the background radiation; Akulkin had such a case). It is also clear that the management of the Polytechnic and Mineralogical Museums, where, until recently, pure radium (a gift from the Nobel Curie family to the Soviet people) and a fair amount of shmat were on display without any protection. uranium ore, apparently, was not always friendly with the head (the background, according to Akulkin, there overlapped almost a thousand times). But the system of protection and prevention should work, which, alas, does not exist. So, everything is possible - even road signs, which at one time in Moscow got into the habit of being made from radioactive light mass, blocking radiation background at least 15 times.
- The problem is that now there is really no one to catch all this - and a lot of things like that - in the free search mode. There are no such services in Moscow, no people, - says Akulkin.
Despite the fact that the experience of other megacities-capitals is not a decree for us - for one simple reason: in no other country in the world so many factories, factories and other industries have dug in the capital. There are more than 300 enterprises in the most expensive "in life" Moscow, which use open-cast (without protective shell) sources of radioactive radiation, and more than 1200 - closed. This is the natural background.
In 1995, environmentalists broke through Decree No. 553 of the Moscow government: no land work in the city begins without preliminary radiation control. Measurements, soil samples, wells; a plot of a little more than 5 hectares, about 200 thousand rubles comes out. Then they did something much larger - aerial gamma photography. The one whose results are hanging on the wall of Gennady Akulkin. First and last time it was carried out in the mid-90s. Akulkin believes that the next one will not be soon. Not only because it is relatively expensive - such a procedure at current prices will cost more than a hundred million rubles. It's different here: you won't get approvals for flights over the whole of Moscow. So thank you that at least such cards exist. Although they are already 10 years old, they are almost secret - no one saw this beauty from the outside before Ogonyok. Meanwhile, life goes on, and only this year Akulkin and colleagues found three new dangerous places in Moscow that are not on the maps, precisely because the years have passed and a lot of things have changed.
- In one case of Tula region Chernozem was brought to the school grounds for landscaping. It turned out that he was infected with cesium. In two more cases, pipes were brought from oilfields to be driven as piles. There is a whole bunch of things that are pumped through pipelines together with oil - uranium, thorium, radium: now it is dirty both where they were stored and where they were hammered into the ground ...
The picture turns out to be amusing: the construction site for which these piles are intended will not be started without checking for radiation and other pollution - otherwise the decree of the Moscow government is violated. And they won’t accept scrap metal in Moscow without radiation control (there is paper for this, and also strict). But to bring concretely emitting pipes to the site and hammer them into the ground, clean according to all documents and measurements - this, as it turns out, is quite possible.
- Of course, the system works, - expert Akulkin reassures. - Another thing is that in the current configuration, not everything depends on it, far from everything. According to all standards - whether ours or foreign ones - it is allowed to bury the waste of enterprises, including those contaminated with radioactive substances, in the usual way - simply by filling the ravine. With one amendment: this can only be done outside settlements. But Moscow is expanding, and expanding dramatically. Therefore, we have a lot of things today within the boundaries of the city, where expensive elite quarters sometimes grow up on serious troubles.
An example for clarity is an ex-suburban ex-ravine in the area of ​​Kashirskoye Highway, in which three phony landfills once converged at once (from a polymetal plant, the Institute of Chemical Technology and MEPhI). The ravine, as expected, is filled up, and in it is radiation, and rare metals, and scattered elements on a patch of 500 by 150 meters. Nothing is felt on the surface. However, there are groundwater, snowmelt, rain and other phenomena. And, as Gennady Mikhailovich says, “separate spots” appear. Within the boundaries of our most expensive city on the planet.
- You have to take it out, of course. And where to? In a burial ground specially designed for this, it is very expensive. Just out of town? The Moscow region refuses to accept this kind of waste, and it is not the only one. A very acute problem, with areas like this.
- And a lot of them?
- Yes, in general, enough: the city is expanding, and prices are rising ...
“There can be no one point of view on the problem: all interested parties must speak out.” Following this journalistic axiom, Ogonyok tried for more than a week to get a comment on the above situation from the leadership of the capital's Department of Nature Management and Environmental Protection. However, neither the head of the department, Leonid Bochin, nor his deputy, Natalya Brinza, began to answer, evading the conversation. Apparently, we asked the department for top secret information, one that readers and ordinary Muscovites are not supposed to know. Or better not to know at all.
19 Jul 2006
http://www.mosrealt.info/articles/district/?idart=934&halt_id=61&pg=1

Radiation safety
In the city, the annual effective dose per person was doubled due to medical exposure. 17% of groundwater is dangerously polluted with radionuclides. In the vicinity of the park-museum "Kolomenskoye" there is an extensive (up to 60 thousand cubic meters) uncontrolled disposal of radioactive waste. There are 11 nuclear reactors in the city.
Chemical safety
More than 100 chemically hazardous industries are located in Moscow, where a large amount of hazardous waste is concentrated. In Kuzminki, there is still a burial of chemical weapons from the 30s.
http://zdravkom.ru/factors_opinions/lenta_269/index.html

Radioactive map of the Moscow region

A group of independent scientists published the results of research on the ecological state of the Moscow region. A significant part of the territory of the Moscow region is contaminated with a radioactive isotope - cesium-137. Officials deny everything
A secret that the authorities are hiding?

Recently, the public was presented with the report "Assessment of the ecological state of soil and land resources and the environment of the Moscow region." The authors are a group of specialists from the Ministry natural resources Russia, the State Committee for Environmental Protection of the Moscow Region and Moscow State University. General editors - Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences G. V. Dobrovolsky and Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences S. A. Shoba.

One of the chapters of the report is devoted to contamination of the soil of the Moscow region with a radioactive isotope of cesium-137. The authors identify 17 sites, the total area of ​​which is almost 10% of the territory of the entire region. The density of pollution is from 1.5 to 3.5 curies per square kilometer. According to the Federal Law "On the social protection of citizens exposed to radiation due to a disaster at Chernobyl nuclear power plant”, the infected territories should automatically receive the status of a “residence zone with preferential economic conditions” (to obtain such a “title”, a pollution density of 1.5 to 5 Ku / sq. km is enough). Local residents are entitled to serious and varied benefits. But for now, they don't even know about it. And the authorities, of course, are in no hurry to disclose this information.

In April, the "Radiation-hygienic passport of the Moscow region" was published (such documents environmental issues, annually are required to draw up authorities in each region of the country). It mentions the well-known landfills of the region where radioactive waste is stored. The cases of finds of "bright" scrap metal, mushrooms and berries are listed in more detail. There is not a word about the alternative report in the "Passport". And if you believe this document, then the problem of soil contamination with cesium-137 does not exist in the region.

Scientists talk about a serious danger...

Oleg Makarov, a senior researcher at Moscow State University, Doctor of Biological Sciences, is sure of this:

The analyzes were carried out by employees of the Institute of Mineralogy, Geochemistry, Crystal Chemistry of Rare Elements. Information about the presence of a radioactive isotope in the soil of the Moscow region began to appear since 1993. I can show everyone who wants to see places with a high content of cesium. The largest spots are in the southwest of the Mozhaisk region and in the center of Shatursky. Most likely, the anomalies formed after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant - it could rain with radioactive fallout in the Moscow region. Although, according to the official version, the radiation after the catastrophe "settled", not reaching our borders - in the Tula, Ryazan, Smolensk, Bryansk regions. Information about the presence of cesium-137 in the soil was transferred to the regional government. Why was this data not included in the "Passport"? Its authors managed not to include in the document even the famous landfill near Shcherbinka, which has been phoning for several decades. This is to the question of how "thoroughly" they compiled it.

Officials disagree.

The version of the head of the radiation hygiene department of the Center for Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance of the Moscow Region, Evgeny Tuchkevich (one of the authors of the Radiation Hygiene Passport of the Moscow Region):

I cannot refute the information about the existence of radiation in the Moscow region. However, I don't see any hard evidence. Only the regional hydrometeorological service can make such statements, the specialists of which regularly carry out all the necessary measurements of soil, water and air. So far, cesium has not been found anywhere. Including on the territory of allegedly "suffering" areas. And I consider the map shown to us with zones of cesium contamination to be, at best, an unprofessional approach to business. I think that people misanalyzed the received data.

After the explosion at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, cesium isotopes are present everywhere. Both at the North Pole and in the center of the capital. This is global pollution that will haunt us for hundreds of years. Fortunately, the existing radiation level does not exceed 1.5 Ku/sq. km, is not dangerous to humans.

Today in the region it is possible to receive an extra dose of radiation only by chance. The danger is represented by radioactive berries and scrap metal. Protecting yourself from radioactive products is quite simple - check with the seller for a trade permit issued by Sanepidnadzor.

POISONIC NUMBERS

The Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia has checked 96 enterprises in the Moscow region. It turned out that 75 percent of them harm the environment. The forest industry alone was damaged by careless production workers by more than 723 million rubles. 22 enterprises received orders to suspend activities. Blacklisted:

Elektrostal OJSC, Balashikha Casting and Mechanical Plant OJSC, Kolomensky Heavy Machine Tool Plant State Enterprise, Krestovsky Fur and Fur Complex, Nefto-Service OJSC, Domodedovagrostroy CJSC, Egorievsk Plant of Asbestos Technical Products OJSC, OJSC "Bunkovsky plant of ceramic products", etc.

Enterprises were checked not only for humane treatment of forests and water bodies. With the help of sophisticated equipment, meticulous inspectors were even able to find out how much oil products ended up in the ground. Including under the objects of their storage and processing.

BY THE WAY:
If it turns out that the soil in the Moscow region is still seriously contaminated with cesium-137, then local and federal authorities will have to fork out not only for decontamination.

FROM THE "KP" DOSSIER

Cesium-137 is a radioactive isotope. Accumulation in the atmosphere occurs during testing of nuclear weapons and accidental releases at nuclear power plants. In the first years after settling on the soil, cesium accumulates in the upper 5-10 cm layer.

Cesium-137 accumulates well in cabbage, beets, potatoes, wheat, blueberries, lingonberries. If ingested, it can lead to diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and the musculoskeletal system.

If there is a possibility that the vegetables grew in an area contaminated with cesium-137, then they cannot be eaten raw. When boiled in salt water, the cesium content can be reduced by half. In root crops, it is recommended to cut upper layer by 1 - 1.5 centimeters. In cabbage, you need to remove several upper layers of leaves and do not use the stalk for food.

Of the fish that can be found in freshwater reservoirs in a contaminated area, predators - perch, pike - accumulate more cesium.

Contribute to the removal of cesium-137 from the body tangerines, chokeberry, sea buckthorn and hawthorn.

QUESTION ANSWER
Why it is impossible to accurately calculate all radioactive zones

It would seem, what is the problem? The suspected sites of contamination are precisely known. You just need to come with a dosimeter and measure everything. But it turns out that an ordinary portable device in such cases is not an assistant. The density of soil pollution can only be determined by laboratory conditions analyzes carried out on stationary large facilities.

In addition, radioactive contamination is always of a point nature. In one place, the pollution density can be so low that it is not even worth taking into account. And at a distance of a kilometer or two - several times higher. It is impossible to determine in advance exactly where to measure.

To conduct a thorough analysis, you need to “break” the entire Moscow region into small sections. And do some research on each. Can you imagine how much time, money and people it takes? Especially in sparsely populated areas of the region and in hard-to-reach places.

After the Chernobyl accident, a huge amount of radioactive substances. The wind dispersed them almost throughout the entire European part of Russia. Together with the rain, they settled where necessary. Radiation has no color, smell or taste. And no one can tell if they had radioactive rain that summer. Therefore, alas, we need to get used to the fact that for many years more and more new reports will appear about the discovery of the next "background" spots.

LAW
How much does life cost in radiation
Compensation and benefits due to citizens permanently residing (working) in radiation-contaminated areas with a soil contamination density of cesium-137 from 1.5 to 5 Ku/sq. km:

A 100 percent increase in the amount of the child allowance for low-income families;

The allowance for a child under three years of age is paid at a double rate;

Monthly cash bonus to employees (regardless of the form of ownership of the enterprise) 80 percent of the minimum wage;

Free daily meals for schoolchildren, students of colleges and technical schools;

Non-working pensioners, the disabled - a monthly supplement to the pension of 40 percent of the minimum wage;

Students educational institutions located in the territory of the zone, additional payment to the scholarship of 20 percent;

Applicants have a pre-emptive right (ceteris paribus) when entering universities, colleges, technical schools and vocational schools;

Providing students with a hostel for the duration of their studies;

Admission to preparatory departments at universities, regardless of the availability of places with the obligatory provision of a hostel;

Payment of temporary disability benefits in the amount of 100 percent of earnings, regardless of length of service;

Increase unemployment benefits by 20%;

Annual additional paid leave lasting 7 days;

Regular comprehensive medical examination;

For pregnant women, leave with full pay without regard to length of service: in case of normal childbirth - 140 days, in case of difficult childbirth - 156 calendar days;

Free meals for children under 3 years old from dairy cuisine according to recipes from the children's clinic (consultations) and free meals for children in kindergartens.

(Federal law "On the social protection of citizens exposed to radiation due to the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant" (with additions of 11/24/94.)

Anomalous zones of the Moscow region with a high content of cesium-137 in the soil
Zone No. Settlements falling into the radioactive zone Density of soil contamination with caesium-137, Ku/sq. km
1. Yurkino, Kostya Arrow, Kozlaki, Filippov, Platunino 2.7
2. Severny, Penkino, Volunteer, Pripuschaevo 1.9
3. Spas-Angle, Ermolino 2.0
4. New village, Bukhaninovo, Leonovo, Mitino 2.0
5. Beavers, Afanasovo, Khlepetovo 2.0
6. Shakhovskaya, Yauza-Ruza 2.1
7. Borovino, Dyakovo, Karacharovo 2.5
8. Dedovo-Talyzino, Nadovrazhino, Petrovskoe, Turovo 2.3
9. Elektrostal, Elektrougli, Poltevo 2.0 - 1.5
10. Shatura, Roshal, Baksheyevo, Pustosha, Voimezhny, Dureevskaya, the shore of Lake Murom, the shore of Lake Saint, Krasnoye, Savinskoye, Khalturino, Vasyutino, Arinino, Dyldino, Deisino, Gorki, Shaturtorf, Sobanino, Mal. Gridino, Starovasilievo 2.2 - 2.8
11. Shcherbinka, Ostafievo, pos. May 1, Mostovskoe, Andreevskoe, Students, Lukovnya, Salkovo, Pykhchevo, Yakovlevo, Dubovnitsy, Lemeshovo, Shchapovo 1.5 - 1.8
12. settlements of Mira, Semenovskoe, Slashchevo, Flowers, Kuskovo, Hunchbacks, Lyulki, Lobkovo 1.5 - 1.8
13. Denezhnikovo, Lytkino, Pyatkovo, Borisovo, Zarechye, Korovino, Zolotkovo, Luninka, Luzhki, Bogorodskoye 1.7 - 1.8
14. Yakimovskoye, Gritchino, Domniki, Mal. Ilyinskoye, Korostylevo, Kozlyanino, Purlovo, Ledovo, Dyakovo, Trufanovo, Glebovo-Zmeyevo 1.9 - 2.0
15. Kuny settlements, Ozerki, Kormovoe 3.4
16. Zaraysk, Great Field, Markino, Zamyatino, Altukhino 1.7
17. Nikonovo, Zykeevo, Oktyabrsky, Detkovo, Berezki, the banks of the Rozhayka River, Stolbovaya, Zmeevka, Kolkhoznaya 1.7 - 1.9
http://xn--b1aafqdtlerng.xn--p1ai/p91.html

Here's a fresh...

Radiation flew to Moscow: Radiation particles from the Fukushima-1 nuclear power plant spread around the world
Added: 31/03/2011 http://www.zdravkom.ru/factors_opinions/lenta_365/index.html

Moscow was covered by a radioactive cloud from Japan. The authorities claim that radioactive substances in such an insignificant concentration do not pose a health hazard, but, according to environmentalist Vladimir Slivyak, there is no absolutely safe dose of radiation.
Radioactive substances such as iodine-131 and caesium-137 are distributed throughout the globe. Yesterday, the detection of iodine-131 over Belarus and Primorye was officially announced. Previously, radioactive substances were found over China, South Korea, Vietnam, Iceland, Sweden, USA.

There have been no reports yet of whether there is radioactive iodine-131 over Moscow.

At the same time, the Rhine Institute for Environmental Research at the University of Cologne in Germany published a forecast for the spread of cesium-137 from the Fukushima-1 nuclear power plant until March 31 inclusive. It clearly shows that the radioactive cloud affects Moscow. You can check the forecast here:

I would very much like this forecast to be wrong, but yesterday's statement by the Belarusian authorities leads to unpleasant thoughts.

Of course, almost all experts now repeat the thesis that the concentrations are extremely small. Even obscure ordinary person comparison with the annual allowable exposure dose, which is greater than the possible exposure to iodine-131. However, a week ago, not a single expert would have dared to say out loud that radiation would reach us. And here she is - "the enemy at the gate." In the case of the Japanese disaster, more than once or twice the situation developed in such a way that no one could even imagine.

Again, we hear from the state and corporate media about "safe" radiation, and from Japan there are even reports that the plutonium discovered the day before at the Fukushima-1 nuclear power plant is "safe for health."

The discovery of the phenomenon of “safe” plutonium, which was previously considered the most dangerous toxic and radioactive substance on the planet with a half-life of 24,000 years, is actually Nobel Prize, at the very least.

Many years ago, one of the greatest scientists in the field of research on the effects of low doses of radiation on health John Hoffman proved that there is no safe dose of radiation. In other words, any exposure to someone can become dangerous.

Weak concentrations of radioactive iodine-131 and caesium-137 are no justification for claims that there is no threat to human health. If there are radioactive particles in the atmosphere, then they can get inside the body of one of us. For Russians, this is just as true as for Belarusians or Japanese.

In the case of radioactive iodine-131, thyroid cancer can develop in the human body. Fortunately, not everyone in a row, but it is impossible to determine exactly who will develop cancer and who will not. The most unprotected in this case are pregnant women and children in the womb, as well as the elderly and infants.

Completely a threat from radioactive iodine will disappear 80 days after this element ceases to enter the environment, that is, after the end of radioactive emissions from the Fukushima-1 nuclear power plant, which are still ongoing. The danger from caesium-137 will persist for about 300 years.

Of course, the risk from radiation in Japan is orders of magnitude higher than in any of the distant countries, including Russia. And it is all the more surprising that the Japanese Prime Minister, instead of evacuating at least pregnant women from the country, still continues to assure his fellow citizens that radiation is “safe”. Since March 11, Japan has repeatedly been offered assistance by the most different countries with whom such measures could be negotiated. Of course, many Japanese are now showing themselves as real heroes. That's just the prime minister of this country is difficult to rank among such people. It is easiest to keep making claims that radiation is "safe", and it is extremely difficult now to admit that there is a huge threat to pregnant women and that their evacuation could have happened much earlier.

Author of several books about the consequences of the accident and the release of radiation at the American nuclear power plant Three Mile Island in 1979 Harvey Wasserman says that soon after the accident in nearby Harrisburg, increased infant mortality, as well as the number of diseases that are commonly associated with radioactive exposure. The Americans then bombarded the courts with multi-million dollar lawsuits.

Will the Japanese go to the courts? Most likely not, because with a high degree of probability there will be no one to present such claims. Tokyo Electric Power, according to the latest data, may cease to exist. It’s hard not to have gigantic respect for ordinary Japanese today – they are not only doing everything they can to eliminate the consequences of the earthquake and the “nuclear crisis”, but also find the strength to take to the streets of Tokyo to protest against civilian nuclear energy.

This huge drama should not obscure the main lesson for us - nuclear energy has made a huge contribution to the catastrophe that is now happening in Japan.

Compared to nuclear power plants, no other energy facility can have such a global negative impact, no matter how many earthquakes happen. Moreover, nuclear power plants are vulnerable not only in the event of an earthquake, but also in many other cases, if external source energy. Without extraneous energy, for example, pumps that supply water to cool reactors do not work.

Just as there cannot be a completely safe nuclear reactor, there cannot be an absolutely safe dose of radiation either. No matter how much the media talks about "safe" plutonium and "minor doses" of radiation.

If we rely on the available data, then the concentration of radioactive substances over Russia will not be high. However, to say that these substances do not pose any danger to the health of Russians, to put it mildly, is not true.

P.S. For those who still believe in "safe" radiation, I would like to advise two very important (for a full understanding of the consequences nuclear disasters) books:

1. "Chernobyl: the consequences of the disaster for people and the environment", New York Academy of Sciences, 2009 - combines data from approximately 5,000 studies from around the world on victims Chernobyl disaster. According to the scientists behind the book, the total number of victims is about 985,000.

2. Killing Yourself (1982), a book that details the aftermath of the 1979 Three Mile Island nuclear accident.

Radioactive waste dumps in the Moscow Region June 5th, 2011

Originally posted by brodjagnik at Radiation, not just about Fukushima. Radiation pollution in the Moscow region.

Of course, I know a little more, but ... I have to use open printing. This is from the early 2000s. As far as I know, decontamination work has continued on most of the anomalies all these years. So, the situation should clearly be better than in the given data. But finally all these anomalies are not deactivated.

1. Near Lake Solnechnoye in the city of Ramenskoye, not far from the popular recreation area, there is the largest radioactive waste burial site known in the Moscow Region with an area of ​​1.2 hectares. There are no documents left about who and how the disposal of radioactive waste was carried out. According to assumptions, this is the waste of the Ramensky Instrument-Making Plant, the burial of which was carried out without an engineering project and any security measures. According to experts, about 5,000 tons of waste have accumulated in the landfill. The content of radium in some samples exceeds the standard for solid radioactive waste by 33 times, the radioactive contamination of individual areas exceeds 3000 μR/h (the background level is 20 μR/h). The waste is washed with atmospheric precipitation with the formation of an area of ​​radioactive contamination towards the floodplain of the Khripani and Moskva rivers. As a result of walking gamma survey 30-50 m from the landfill, pollution zones of 250-450 μR/h were identified. Due to the special danger of this contamination, the administration of the Moscow region decided to eliminate the burial site near Lake Solnechnoye with the removal of radioactive waste to the MosNPO "Radon". In 1995, work began on its implementation. One dangerous areal anomaly has been eliminated, work on the other two has not yet begun.
2. On the right bank of the Pakhra River, not far from the settlements of Shcherbinka, Kuchino and Zabolotye, there is the Shcherbinka solid waste landfill, on which, since the 60s, the disposal of radioactive waste from the Podolsky Chemical and Metallurgical Plant (PCMZ) has been officially allowed.
The dumping of waste at the landfill began about ten years before the decision to open it. In 1969, the practice was only officially fixed. It is still unclear how much and in what form of waste was taken to the landfill. Neither PCMP nor other enterprises provided data on the nature and quantity of their radioactive waste.
In 1972, a decision was made to stop the disposal of radioactive waste at this site and a project for its conservation was developed, providing for the construction of a six-meter dam from the side of Pakhra, the laying of a drainage ditch and other measures. These works were completed in 1978 with significant deviations from the project. The insulating coating of the landfill turned out to be insufficiently reliable. During the gamma survey of the polygon, areas with radiation of 2000-3000 μR/h were found. Radioactive contamination has spread over a large area, including outside the landfill. In the bottom sediments of the Pakhra and Konopelka rivers opposite the test site, radioactivity is 10-20 times higher than background. The ingress of radionuclides into artesian wells used for drinking water supply is not ruled out.
3. Back in 1988, radioactive contamination was discovered in the Zhostovo quarry in the Mytishchi region. In the former quarry, a reservoir was formed with a depth of about 10 m, into which capsules with radioactive material were dropped. Radioactive contamination of the right bank of the reservoir reached 432 μR/h. Several more of these capsules were found in the nearby forest. They created foci of pollution with a radiation level of 5000 microR/h. Then they found the culprit of pollution - a certain individual (this person was tried and imprisoned).
In the course of decontamination works, about 2 tons of radioactive soil were removed from the bottom of the reservoir. The reservoir itself and its coastal part were covered with clean sand. This property has been fenced barbed wire and began to be called the Zhostovo burial ground. It is located on the territory of the watershed of the Klyazma and Ucha rivers, 500 meters from the Pirogovsky reservoir and 1.5 km from the Moscow Canal. The power of gamma radiation on its surface reaches 80-100 microR/h in some places. The territory of the burial ground turned out to be within the boundaries of the gardening cooperative and even began to be partially developed. Soil samples there showed an excess of the standards for solid radioactive waste by 4.5 times. The removal of radioactive contamination into the Pirogovskoye reservoir and the Moscow Canal has not yet been noted.
4. Open joint-stock company "Machine-building plant" in the city of Elektrostal is a radiation and chemically hazardous production of federal significance. The plant produces nuclear stuffing for nuclear power plants and ship reactor installations. The enterprise has a storage facility for radioactive waste, built back in the late 1940s without a protective waterproofing screen and located in a swampy area near the tributaries of the Klyazma River. This repository is a constant source of environmental pollution, especially during spring floods and snowmelt. In 1950, the storage dam broke, as a result of which the adjacent swamp and the Khodtsa and Vokhonka rivers were polluted. Radioactive contamination was discovered only in 1989.
5. In August 1989, at the Podolsky Non-Ferrous Metals Plant (PZTSM), an emergency situation was discovered and still persists, which arose as a result of the melting of radioactive sources that arrived at the plant with non-ferrous scrap. The dose rate of gamma radiation at the plant ranged from 150 to 800 μR/h. Emergency measures were immediately initiated at the plant: the regime was set radiation protection, areas of radioactive contamination have been fenced off, and a number of production facilities have been suspended. A complete medical examination of all personnel was carried out, pregnant and lactating women were suspended from work, and workers' housing was examined. We began to build a storage tank, clean up the territory of the plant. All work was planned to be completed in 1991, but in November 1990 they were suspended due to the termination of funding. Of the 13 tons of radioactive waste, only 2 tons were removed. With the existing attitude of the federal government and the current volume of funding, the emergency situation at the plant will persist for another 10-15 years. Recently, radionuclide sources were again found in one of the batches of scrap metal that arrived at the plant. It is possible that such cases have happened before and the identified accident is not the only one.
6. Since the 1950s, at the Mosrentgen plant in the Leninsky district, gamma-ray installations have been produced, during the production of which radioactive waste was generated. There is no information about where and how they were removed. After the shop stopped in 1973, it was simply covered with earth. As a result, a burial ground without special engineering protection was formed on the territory of the plant. huge amount radioactive waste with an area of ​​half a hectare. The radiation situation on it is little studied. Sites of radioactive contamination up to 3000 μR/h were found on the surface of the burial ground. IN last years it was found that radioactive contamination was carried from the burial ground towards the cascade of ponds formed on the Sosenka River.

Information about the current situation can be found in the reports of the government of the Moscow region, did not copy (many letters). It's good that every year they try to fight this. True, without federal assistance, this problem will not be quickly solved.

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The system is designed to maintain information about radiation pollution territory of Moscow.
It is supposed to enter into the database information about the identified places of increased radiation for its subsequent presentation in a form convenient for analysis, as well as for the formation of operational and statistical reports. .
To visualize the location of the identified sites, an electronic map associated with the base is used. MosMap, which makes it possible to analyze radiation pollution against the background of urban infrastructure facilities.
All three components of the system (database, map, calendar) are interconnected so that the identification of an object on one system component entails a corresponding identification on the other two. All samples for one of the components are reflected in the other two.
The identified location of the site is recorded as a point or address (street, house number). In this case, the address often serves as an orientation, i.e. the site itself is somewhere nearby. A more precise location or site boundaries will be specified at a later date. In addition, in most cases, the site is really a "point", i.e. some kind of "bright" object. Regardless of the type of infected object, they are all denoted by the abbreviation RW (radiation object)

  Composition of information about the site of radiation contamination.
  Address (location) RAO Unfortunately, when radioactive waste was detected, the employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations did not have an electronic map with them, so the location was given according to the description, which could not affect the accuracy.
  RAO name- information related to the location of the radioactive waste. This information can be quite arbitrary (institution, place on the map, intersection of streets, etc., sometimes this column was not filled in at all).
  Characteristics of radioactive waste- there is also a lot of arbitrary. This can be the composition of a substance (soil, slag) or the name of a radioactive object. A radioactive element is often indicated (Cs-137, Co-60, Ra-226, U-238, Th-232, etc.)
  Date of detection(day month Year)
  MED- Max exposure dose of gamma radiation mkR/hour when identifying(on the surface)
  Deactivation date(day month Year)
  Decontamination area(sq. m)
  MED- Max exposure dose of gamma radiation mkR/h after decontamination
  Number of radioactive waste(kg)

List deactivated objects with the largest area

Locations highlighted on the map of Moscow deactivated soil plots (1979 - 1999).

Attached below are shots illustrating on a large scale some of the decontamination sites with an area of ​​at least a hectare.

Data sampling. For information analysis and reporting, data can be selected and grouped using a flexible sampling (search) system, which is performed according to the following criteria: - administrative division(districts, districts), - time interval - text substring (for text parameters), including logical for joining, crossing, negating several substrings, - numerical value(for numeric parameters). It is allowed to select simultaneously by all criteria in such a way that each output record will correspond to all given restrictions. When setting inconsistent constraints, an empty set will be created, about which a corresponding message will be displayed.
Data input. Due to the specificity of collecting such information, data on URZ are entered and stored as point objects indicating the area of ​​contamination. The input information can come in the form of an electronic document or be entered manually. In the first case, semi-automatic binding of the address to the map is applied. Manual input is made using the input-correction panel. Because the number of input parameters is quite large, and the panel dimensions are limited (the map for binding objects is usually displayed on the screen), vertical scrolling of the panel is used. To facilitate data entry and create a selection substring, a drop-down list of frequently used words for a given parameter can be used for all string parameters.
Conclusion to the electronic card. Together with URZ(purple circles), the map may show urban infrastructure facilities(schools, kindergartens, hospitals, etc.) most vulnerable to impact URZ(these objects are displayed as icons). For this purpose, it is used urban infrastructure database MosInfr Based on this information, decisions can be made about certain actions regarding these objects (alert, recommendations, evacuation). On the right, on a fragment of the map, URZ, schools, kindergartens and a hospital are shown.
Calendar used: - to view the distribution of DPR detection dates of the current sample by months and days of the year, - to set dates in search criteria, - to set dates when entering data. URZ detection dates are highlighted on the calendar by the "object color", the date of the current object is highlighted by the "color of the selected object" frame (as well as on the map). When you hold the mouse cursor (without clicking) on ​​the highlighted date, a hint is displayed indicating the address corresponding to this date of the object and the date of its deactivation. In the case when several objects correspond to the selected date, a hint about their number is displayed. When you click on any date corresponding to an object, this object becomes the current one, which is reflected in the table and on the map. With several objects on the date, the first one becomes current, the next click - the second one, etc., until the end of the list, and again the first one in the ring. Right clicks traverse the list in reverse order.
Statistics. In this mode, the sample is grouped by one of three types of information: - administrative districts, - administrative regions, - years of detection of URZ. The choice of a type is made from the menu "Information" - "Statistics". For the selected type of grouping, a table is created in which the total values ​​of the most important numerical parameters are displayed. Using the toggle buttons, the total values ​​can be changed to maximum or average values. And with the help of the "Percentage" checkbox, display the data as a percentage. Statistical data can also be displayed on the map. In this case, the map is rebuilt as an administrative one, i.e. only layers corresponding to the selected type of information (districts and districts) are highlighted. The county parameter statistics are displayed as bar graphs in each county of several parameters. District statistics are displayed by shading them according to the calculated value of any selected parameter. This type of presentation was chosen because the size of the map does not allow placing histograms in each region.
County statistics.	Statistical data of regions.

Reporting.
When generating reports, export to MS Excel output tables and map frames.
Any sample or statistical data displayed in the form of a table can be exported. As well as arbitrary rows of these tables.

Data on some identified radioactive objects in Moscow.

Officially, the list of enterprises and organizations includes especially radiation-hazardous and nuclear-hazardous industries and facilities that are engaged in the development, production, operation, storage, transportation, disposal of nuclear weapons and their components, radiation-hazardous materials and products.

The scope of state supervision includes medical, scientific, research laboratories and other facilities that work with open radionuclide sources. As well as complexes, installations, devices, equipment and products with sealed radionuclide sources, specialized and non-specialized storage facilities for radioactive substances.

Exercises to eliminate an accident at a radiation-hazardous facility

In total, in 2009 there were 16 large radiation-hazardous objects in the region, but due to the inclusion of part of the region's territory into New Moscow, this figure could be reduced.

It should be borne in mind that when talking about danger, they do not mean an everyday threat when working in normal mode, but the potential danger of an emergency source in the event of an emergency at the facility. Nevertheless, when choosing housing in a particular area, one must imagine what is nearby. In addition, some enterprises have their own waste storage facilities that pollute the environment.

Large industrial facilities and reactors
Many of them are located in the east and southeast of the Moscow region.
For example, this is the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Scientific Research Institute of Instruments" in Lytkarino, Lyubertsy district. It is a complex of isotope irradiation facilities with non-specialized storage facilities for radioactive waste.

In the city of Staraya Kupavna, Noginsk district, there is a base of OAO V/O Izotop, an enterprise of the State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom, operating in the markets of isotope products and radiation equipment.

Mashinostroitelny Zavod in Elektrostal is one of the largest producers of fuel for nuclear reactors, nuclear power plants and reactor plants for marine vessels.

Machine-building plant in Elektrostal

This enterprise is considered a radiation and chemical hazardous production of federal significance and has a storage facility for radioactive waste. It is located in a swampy area near the tributary of the Klyazma Vokhna River, and pollutes the environment during spring floods and snowmelt. In addition, in 1950 a dam broke here, but the fact of pollution of the Khodtsa and Vokhonka rivers was discovered only almost 40 years later. According to studies, a few years ago, radioactive emissions were detected in a territory within a radius of 15 km. But in these places summer cottages have already been mastered.

Some objects are also located in the north of the Moscow region. The city of Dubna is, along with Troitsk, which has already become part of New Moscow, the center of nuclear research in the region. In particular, there is a joint institute for nuclear research with a research nuclear reactor, which, according to some reports from local sources, contains about 400 kg of plutonium.

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna

At the 24th km of the Leningradskoye shosse, there is an enterprise of the Scientific Research Institute of the Test Center for the Safety of Radiation of Space Objects. No specific details are known about him.

In the south of the region is the city of Protvino, another city of nuclear physicists. The main local facility is the Institute of High Energy Physics, working with accelerators elementary particles and is one of the largest scientific physical centers in our country.

Main Experimental Hall at IHEP, Protivno

Greetings from the past
According to one version, the Ramensky Instrument-Making Plant is called the culprit of the long-standing unauthorized disposal of radioactive series, 50 km south of Lake Solnechnoye in the Ramensky District, but this is inaccurate. The anomaly was discovered in 1985. This facility covers an area of ​​1.2 ha and the main source of contamination is radium-226. Here, at one time, 14 sites of radioactive waste were identified.

Layer-by-layer decontamination of the landfill is underway, but it may take a long time. However, according to studies, there is no pollution of the lake water, and the radiation and environmental monitoring carried out in the anomaly area did not reveal the spread of radiation beyond the burial site.

"Comprehensive" approach - the accumulation of Russian waste
The country's largest radioactive waste disposal site is located 17 km from Sergiev Posad, away from the Novo-Uglichskoye Highway. Its owner, the Moscow NPO Radon, an enterprise for the disposal and disposal of radioactive waste, which last year became part of state corporation Rosatom, having received federal status. The area of ​​the research and production complex is 60 hectares, the landfill itself is 20 hectares. For half a century now, waste has been brought here not only from Moscow and the region, but also from the regions of Central Russia. The territory is surrounded by forest, which is a sanitary protection zone of NGOs. However, constant modern radiation control and monitoring. Several remote monitoring devices are installed both in the city itself and directly near the landfill where waste is buried. According to representatives of "Radon", the vault does not pose a danger to those who live in the vicinity.

Detailed layout of dangerous enterprises

Location: Moscow, quarter 8 "b", Marshal Rokossovsky boulevard

Back in 1986, a strong radiation background was discovered here. The place is beautiful, its center is a picturesque hill called Zelenaya Gorka. Children play, adults walk. No one knew that the hill arose on the site of a dump of radioactive materials. In the 60s, waste from military installations and enterprises was taken here, into a deep ravine outside of what was then Moscow. In 1988, during a detailed examination, it was found that the dose of gamma radiation on the surface exceeded the norm by 200 times. The main component of the landfill is the radionuclide radium-226.
The special enterprise "Radon", engaged in the disposal and neutralization of nuclear waste, immediately sent a report to the management. For ten years the papers lay motionless. During this time fell apart Soviet Union We began to live in another country. And only in 1998 they began reclamation - 430 kilograms of radioactive waste and 10 tons of soil were removed. According to experts, this mess was quite suitable for filming a science fiction film, in documents it is referred to as “clumps of yellow-green mass” and “light mass of constant action”.
It means - radioactive action. After that, the Green Hill acquired its former picturesque appearance. It was even officially declared part of the natural complex, a green corridor between the forests of Izmailovsky Park and Losiny Island.
Then the Moscow authorities realized it, and after 5 years the State Sanitary Inspectorate admitted that here the soil at a depth of up to 6 meters is classified as “extremely dangerous”, and in a layer from 6 to 10 meters - “dangerous”. In the conclusion on the sanitary-chemical study of soils it is written: "A significant amount of mercury, arsenic, lead, zinc, benzopyrene and other hazardous components."
At the same time, a decree of the Moscow government appeared on a comprehensive reclamation on an area of ​​​​almost 6 hectares. They decided and even determined the volume of soil to be removed - "2500 cubic meters of radioactive contaminated and 27,600 cubic meters of chemically toxic waste." 4 months were given for a considerable amount of work. At 2003 prices, the costs were estimated at 1 billion rubles.
Only the decision remained on paper.
In 2006, an investor appeared - a large construction company. She undertook to recultivate the land and build a new residential complex and a giant underground garage on the vacant site. It would seem an ideal option for both the city treasury and the company. In a year, they dug down a hill and took out the soil - now there is a deep pit, water is splashing.
But then the inhabitants of the surrounding houses rebelled. Over the years they have calmed down, deciding that nothing threatens them. Now it turned out - that there is still a lot of poison, and even they are digging it up. Some naively think: do not wake the dashing while he sleeps quietly. During the year they are at war with the Moscow mayor's office and builders. Recently they held another picket, they came out with posters: “We need a park area, not a construction site on land contaminated with radioactive and chemical waste!”, “We don’t want to die because of the irresponsibility of officials!”
The Moscow government and the Moscow City Duma, in turn, are dissatisfied with the reaction of the population, suspecting the intrigues of the political opposition here.
“Earlier, the authorities were criticized for inaction,” Vera Stepanenko, chairman of the Moscow City Duma's environmental policy committee, is indignant. - Now, when it became possible to remove the sources of radiation contamination, they criticize for the fact that they began to remove them. Any statements must be supported by documentation, it is necessary to speak in detail and officially.”
Greenpeace representative Vladimir Chuprov objects to her. “Mistakes were made during the reclamation of this piece of land,” he says. - In particular, they dug out a foundation pit, which was soon flooded with water. If not all radioactive soil was removed during the work, then the water in the pit contains radionuclides. And this is a completely different situation in terms of the degree of danger, since liquid radioactive waste is much more difficult to dispose of. In addition, there is a possibility of a more extensive spread of radioactive contamination in the capital.”
According to building codes and regulations (SNiP), construction on reclaimed lands is allowed only after 10-15 years. True, whether there are now norms and rules is unknown. I remember that two years ago, Deputy Prime Minister Medvedev (now president) was very surprised that the old SNiPs were canceled, but the new ones were never adopted. That is, they work as the left leg wishes?
At least where we are talking about radiation safety, there is no certainty.
Four years ago, Alexander Barinov, chief engineer of the Moscow branch of Radon, said that a more than 1200 sources of radiation, for the safety of which no one is responsible. In the fifties and sixties, radioactive materials were buried in nearby forests and ravines. Now there are already old, settled districts of the capital with millions of inhabitants. The banks of the Likhoborka River are a reservoir of thousands of tons of waste, and the districts of Kolomenskoye, Brateevo, and Western Butovo have a bad reputation. Victory Memorial Complex on Poklonnaya Hill - on the site of a former radioactive dump.
However, the Moscow map has not yet been drawn up or made public. radioactive contamination. Last year, the Federal Target Program for Radiation Safety was adopted. But she is a secret. It is only known that it lists 1482 radioactively contaminated territories of the country.
For Moscow, the existing nuclear research facilities also pose a danger. Almost all of them were designed and built in the 60-70s of the last century and are outdated.
“Today, the Kurchatov Institute poses the greatest danger,” says Vera Stepanenko, chairman of the Moscow City Duma committee on environmental policy.
This is the only large operating reactor in Moscow. Another 18 enterprises have research facilities. What condition they are in is unknown. Deputy Stepanenko admits that the Moscow government cannot control them, has no authority, since these institutions and enterprises are federally subordinated and protected by a system of secrecy.
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