you know scientific name, which begins with the word complicated...

Words that form two roots are called compound words.

For example, rhinoceros(two roots nose- and horn-, the letter o is a connecting vowel), vacuum cleaner(the roots are dust- and sos-, the letter e is a connecting vowel).

Proposals are also difficult. In them, as in words, several parts are connected.

Lesson topic: “Simple and complex sentences. Unions".

Read the sentences and think about how they differ from each other?

1) The bell rang.

2) The children entered the classroom.

3) The first lesson has begun.

4) The bell rang, the guys went into the classroom, the first lesson began.

Let's find the grammar.

A sentence with one grammatical basis is a simple sentence.

1, 2 and 3 offers simple, because in each of them on one basis.

4 offer complicated, consists of three simple offers. Each part of a complex sentence has its main members, its own basis.

A sentence with two or more grammatical bases is a compound sentence. Complex sentences consist of a few simple sentences. How many simple sentences, so many parts in a complex sentence.

The parts of a complex sentence are not just simple ones joined together.

Having united, these parts continue, complement each other, turn different thoughts into one, more complete one. In oral speech, on the border of parts of a complex sentence, there is no intonation of the end of each thought.

Remember: in writing commas are usually placed between the parts of a complex sentence.

Determine if the sentence is complex or simple. First, let's find the main members (bases) of the sentences and count how many bases are in each.

1) At the edge of the forest, the voices of birds are already heard.

2) Tits sing, a woodpecker taps loudly with its beak.

3) Soon the sun will warm the earth better, the roads will turn black, thawed fields will be exposed, streams will murmur, rooks will come.(According to G. Skrebitsky)

1) At the edge of the forest, bird voices are already heard.

2) Tits sing, a woodpecker taps loudly with its beak.

Who? tits, what are they doing? chant - the first basis.

Who? dude what is he doing? taps - the second basis.

This is a complex sentence, consisting of two parts.

3) Soon the sun will warm the earth better, the roads will turn black, the fields will be barethawed patches , brooks murmur, rooks will welcome.

What? the sun, what will it do? warm - the first basis.

The roads will turn black - the second basis.

thawed patches will be exposed - the third basis.

Streams murmur - the fourth basis.

Rooks welcome - the fifth basis.

This is a compound sentence with five parts.

Read complex sentences. Observe how the parts of a complex sentence are connected?

1) Winter approaching , the cold sky often frowns.

Parts 1 of a complex sentence are connected using intonation. There is a comma between parts of the sentence.

2) The sun was warm during the day , a at night frosts reached five degrees.

3) Wind calmed down , and the weather has improved.

4) The sun just got up , but its rays were already illuminating the tops of the trees.

Parts 2, 3, 4 of sentences are connected using intonation and conjunctions a, and, but. The union is preceded by a comma.

Each of the unions does its job. The union connects words, and the unions a, but also help to oppose something.

When writing, parts of a complex sentence are separated by a comma. If parts of a complex sentence are joined by unions (and, but, but), a comma is placed before the union.

The sentences of our language are very diverse. Sometimes with one subject there can be several predicates, or with one predicate there can be several subjects. Such members of the sentence are called homogeneous. Homogeneous members answer the same question and refer to the same member of the sentence. In the diagram, we will circle each homogeneous member.

What conclusion can be drawn from the comparison of these schemes?

The first line contains diagrams of complex sentences, and the second line - diagrams of simple sentences with homogeneous predicates (they are shown in a circle).

In simple sentences with homogeneous members and in complex sentences between their parts, the same conjunctions are used: and, but.

Remember!

1. Before unions ah, but always put a comma.

2. Union and requires special attention: connects homogeneous members- the comma is most often not put; used between parts of a complex sentence - a comma is usually needed.

Let's practice. Let's put in the missing commas.

1) At night, the dog crept up to the dacha and lay down under the terrace.

2) People were sleeping and the dog jealously guarded them. (According to L. Andreev)

3) The pelican wandered around us, hissed, shouted, but did not give up. (According to K. Paustovsky)

4) Spring is shining in the sky, but the forest is still covered with snow in winter. (M. Prishvin)

1) At night, the dog crept up to the cottage and lay down under the terrace.

The sentence is simple, since one stem, one subject and two predicates - the dog crept up and lay down. Union and connects homogeneous predicates, so a comma is not put.

2) People slept, and the dog jealously guarded them.

The proposal is complex, since there are two bases - people were sleeping, the dog was guarding. Union and connects parts of a complex sentence, so a comma is needed before the union.

3) Pelican wandered around us, hissed, shouted, but did not give into hands.

The proposal is simple, since one stem, one subject and 4 predicates - the pelican wandered, hissed, shouted, did not give up. before the union but always put a comma. We put commas between homogeneous predicates.

4) Spring shines in the sky, but the forest is still covered with snow in winter.

The proposal is complex, since there are two foundations - spring is shining, the forest is covered. before the union but always put a comma.

Consider the schemes and decide which schemes hide complex sentences, and which ones are simple ones with homogeneous members; in which of them you need to put punctuation marks.

The first three diagrams reflect the structure simple sentence with the same main members. They are circled. In scheme 1, a comma is not needed, since the union connects homogeneous subjects and. In 2 and 3 schemes, commas should be placed. 4 scheme corresponds to a complex sentence. It should also include a comma between parts of a complex sentence.

Sentences that include words that, that, therefore, because, are most often complex. These words usually begin new part complex proposal. In such cases, they are always preceded by a comma.

Let's give examples.

We saw, what the she-wolf crawled along with the cubs into the hole.

what a comma is placed.

All night long winter knitted lace patterns, to trees dressed up. (K. Paustovsky)

This is a complex sentence, before the word to a comma is placed.

Birds able to communicate everything with their voice , That's why they sing.

This is a complex sentence, before the word That's why a comma is placed.

I lovefairy tales, because in them, good always triumphs over evil.

This is a complex sentence, before the word because a comma is placed.

1. One afternoon, Winnie the Pooh was walking through the forest and grumbling a new song under his breath.

2. Winnie the Pooh got up early, in the morning he diligently did gymnastics.

3. Winnie quietly reached the sandy slope.

(B. Zakhoder)

3.

Sentence 1 corresponds to scheme 3, since this is a simple sentence with one subject (Winnie the Pooh) and two predicates (walked and grumbled).

Scheme 1 corresponds to sentence 2, since this complex sentence has two bases (Winnie the Pooh got up, he was engaged). A comma separates parts of a sentence.

Sentence 3 corresponds to scheme 2, since this is a simple sentence with one base (Winnie got it).

In the lesson, you learned that a sentence in which there are two or more grammatical bases - complicated offer. Parts of complex sentences are connected using intonation and conjunctions. a, and, but. When writing, parts of a complex sentence are separated by a comma.

1. M.S.Soloveichik, N.S. Kuzmenko "To the secrets of our language" Russian language: Textbook. Grade 3: in 2 parts. Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2010.
2. M.S. Soloveichik, N.S. Kuzmenko "To the secrets of our language" Russian language: Workbook. Grade 3: in 3 parts. Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2010.
3. T. V. Koreshkova Test tasks In Russian. Grade 3: in 2 parts. - Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2011.
4. T. V. Koreshkova Practice! Notebook for independent work in Russian for grade 3: in 2 parts. - Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2011.
5. L.V. Mashevskaya, L.V. Danbitskaya Creative tasks in the Russian language. - St. Petersburg: KARO, 2003
6. G.T Dyachkova Olympiad tasks in Russian. 3-4 classes. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2008

1. School-collection.edu.ru ().
2. Festival of Pedagogical Ideas " Public lesson" ().
3. Zankov.ru ().

• Find the main clauses in the sentences. Which sentence of the text is difficult - 1st or 2nd? What is the name of the remaining offer?

At the top of an alder tree a bird sat and opened its beak. The feathers on the swollen neck fluttered, but I did not hear the song.

(According to V. Bianchi)

• Insert two missing commas in sentences.

Winter hid in the dense forest. She looked out of the shelter and millions of little suns are hiding in the grass. Winter is angry! She waved her sleeve and covered the cheerful lights with snow. Dandelions are now flaunting in a yellow dress and then in a white fur coat. (According to I. Sokolov-Mikitov)

Find an offer with an alliance and. What does it connect - homogeneous members or parts of a complex sentence? Underline the words you need to answer.

• Write unions and, but. Underline the basics, mark homogeneous members and put commas where necessary.

The ball climbed into the water _ Uncle Fyodor soaped it _ combed the wool. The cat walked along the shore _ sad about different oceans. (According to E. Uspensky)

The cat stole fish meat sour cream _ bread. Once he tore open a tin can of worms. He did not eat them _ chickens ran to the jar of worms _ pecked at our stock. (According to K. Paustovsky)

A person's speech consists of sentences, and you can determine what he is talking about by finding grammatical basis this sentence is the subject and the predicate. But what if the sentence has more than one subject and predicate, if it talks about different subjects and phenomena? The answer to this question will be very important topic which take place in 3rd grade.

What is a complex sentence and how to work with it?

A complex sentence is a sentence that consists of two or more simple sentences. They can be connected with each other with the help of unions, such as a, but, and, but can only be combined by intonation, which is expressed in writing using punctuation marks.

Here are examples of complex sentences.

• Winter was already coming to an end, but spring was still not felt.
• He was hungry, but that hunger could not be satisfied.
• Masha and Petya loved animals, and their mother took them to the zoo.
• It was raining all the time, the puddles shone in the light of the lanterns.

In these examples, you can see what types of communication there are in complex sentences.

Compared to a simple sentence, their structure is indeed more complex, since they not only talk about several objects or phenomena, but also combine into one whole in meaning and grammatically. Simple sentences that are part of a complex one can only consist of a grammatical basis or be extended by secondary members.

How to parse a complex sentence

To draw up a diagram of a complex sentence, you must first find all its bases. This will help to understand how many parts it has, after which it will be possible to find how they are interconnected. Let's look at this with an example.

• The guys walked until late, then it didn’t snow.

This proposal has two bases. (the guys were walking, it started snowing), which are interconnected by intonation, which is reflected in the letter as a comma. There is no union between these parts.

A complex sentence does not have to have strictly two grammatical bases - there can be three or even more.

Basically, the order of parts in a complex sentence is sequential: the main part comes first, followed by the one that is related to it in meaning. In sentences that are connected by intonation and are simply a list of events, there is often no main and attached part - their order can be reversed and the meaning of the sentence will not change at all.

This is easy to understand if we compare two complex sentences with the same stems, which are simply rearranged:

• The wind blows, it rains.
• It's raining, the wind is blowing.

It is obvious that the meaning of the sentence has not changed at all from the rearrangement of parts - it talks about the weather, describing it from different angles.

This principle makes complex sentences with the most simple structure similar to addition examples, where the total sum does not change from the rearrangement of places, which indicates that the language is to some extent mathematical.

The algorithm for parsing any sentence, in which there are two or more stems, is the same: you need to find these stems and determine whether they are connected only by intonation, that is, a punctuation mark, or a union was involved in establishing a connection between them.

What have we learned?

The definition of a complex sentence in itself is quite simple - it is such a unit of language, which includes not one grammatical basis, but several (at least two or more). These parts can only be connected by intonation (punctuation mark) or intonation and conjunction. To parse a complex sentence, you must first find all its bases, and then determine how they are interconnected. This is a fairly simple and understandable algorithm.

Topic quiz

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Offer- this is the main syntactic unit containing a message about something, a question or an inducement. Unlike phrases the sentence has a grammatical basis consisting of the main members of the sentence (subject and predicate) or one of them .

Offer performs communicative function and characterized by intonation and semantic completeness . The proposal, in addition to subordination(coordination, control, adjacency), there may be a coordinative connection (between homogeneous members) and predicative (between subject and predicate).

By the number of grammatical bases suggestionsdivided into simple and complex . A simple sentence has one grammatical basis, a complex one consists of two or more simple sentences (predicative parts).

Simple sentence is a word or a combination of words characterized by semantic and intonational completeness and the presence of one grammatical basis.
The classification of simple sentences in modern Russian can be carried out for various reasons.

Depending on the purpose of the statement suggestions are divided into narrative , interrogative and incentive .

Declarative sentences contain a message about some asserted or denied fact, phenomenon, event, etc. or a description of them.

For example: And boring and sad, and there is no one to give a hand in a moment of spiritual adversity(Lermontov). I will come at five o'clock.

Interrogative sentences include a question. Among them are:

a) actually interrogative : What did you write here? What it is?(Ilf and Petrov);
b) rhetorical questions (i.e., not requiring a response): What are you, my old woman, silent at the window? (Pushkin).

Incentive Offers express various shades of will (incitement to action): an order, a request, an appeal, a plea, advice, a warning, a protest, a threat, consent, permission, etc.

for example :Well, sleep! This is adult talk, none of your business(Tendryakov); Quicker! Well!(Paustovsky); Russia! Rise and rise! Thunder, the general voice of enthusiasm! ..(Pushkin).

narrative, interrogative and incentive offer they differ both in form (they use various forms of the mood of the verb, there are special words - interrogative pronouns, motivating particles), and in intonation.

Compare:
He will come.
He will come? Will he come? When will he arrive?
Let him come.

Emotionally simple proposals are divided on the exclamatory and non-exclamatory .

exclamation mark called offer emotionally colored, pronounced with a special intonation.

For example: No, look what a moon!.. Oh, what a charm!(L. Tolstoy).
All functional types of sentences (narrative, interrogative, incentive) can be exclamatory.

By the nature of the grammatical basis, articulating offers are divided on the two-part when the grammatical basis includes both the subject and the predicate,

For example: A lonely sail turns white in the blue mist of the sea!(Lermontov), ​​and one-component when the grammatical basis of sentences is formed by one main member,

For example: I'm sitting behind bars in a damp dungeon(Pushkin).

By the presence or absence of secondary members, simple suggestions can be widespread and uncommon .

Common is called a sentence that has, along with the main secondary members of the sentence. For example: How sweet is my sorrow in spring!(Bunin).

Uncommon a proposal consisting only of the main members is considered. For example: Life is empty, crazy and bottomless!(Block).

Depending on the completeness of the grammatical structure suggestions can be full and incomplete . AT complete sentences all the members of the sentence necessary for this structure are verbally presented: Labor awakens creative forces in a person(L. Tolstoy), and in incomplete there are no certain members of the sentence (main or secondary) necessary to understand the meaning of the sentence. The missing members of the sentence are restored from the context or from the situation. For example: Prepare a sleigh in summer and a cart in winter(proverb); Tea? - Half a cup for me.

Simple sentence may have syntactic elements that complicate its structure. These elements include isolated members of the sentence, homogeneous members, introductory and plug-in constructions, appeals. By the presence/absence of complicating syntactic elements simple sentences are divided into complicated and uncomplicated .

Offer- This the main syntactic unit of the Russian language, which contains an informational message, motivation or question. All sentences have a grammatical basis. Grammatical basis- this is the presence of the main members in the sentence (subject or predicate, or both of them).

Sentences are classified according to the structure, purpose of the statement and emotional coloring.

Types of building proposals.

Exists for building proposal type: simple sentences and complex sentences. Simple sentences are sentences that have only one grammatical basis. Compound sentences are sentences that have two or more grammatical bases.

Mum came home late(simple).

Mum came home late but father more by that time didn't come back (difficult).

Simple sentences also come in several types. by structure:

1) Two-part sentence- this is a sentence that has both main members - both the subject and the predicate: On the street went rain.

2) One-part sentence - this is a sentence that has only one main member of the sentence - either the subject or the predicate: On the street it got dark.

3) Common Suggestion- this sentence, which, in addition to the main ones, has secondary members: The sun rose over the sleeping city.

4) Uncommon proposal is a sentence that has only main members: The sun rose.

5) Uncomplicated offer- this is a sentence in which there are no homogeneous members, appeals, participial or participle turnover, introductory words or separate members suggestions: Grandma loves to plant flowers in the yard.

6) Complicated sentence- this is an offer that includes separate or homogeneous members of a sentence, appeals, introductory words, participles and adverbial phrases: Grandma loves to grow buttercups, daisies, marigolds and other flowers in the yard.

According to the purpose of the statement There are the following types of simple sentences:

- declarative sentence used to express information about someone or something: I'll be back soon.

- incentive offer serves to express a request, order, advice or wish of the speaker: Come back soon!

- interrogative sentence expresses the question of the speaker: Will you come back soon?

Simple sentence types by emotional coloring:

- exclamatory sentences- sentences accompanied by increased emotionality and pronounced with expressive intonation. In writing, such sentences end not with a dot, but with an exclamation point: I said I don't want to go anywhere!

- non-exclamatory sentences- ordinary sentences that do not have a bright emotional coloring and special intonation: I don't want to go anywhere.

Simple sentence analysis plan.

1) Simple or complex sentence;

2) A declarative, motivating or interrogative sentence;

3) Exclamatory or non-exclamatory;

4) One-part or two-part;

5) Common or non-common;

6) Complete or incomplete;

7) Complicated or uncomplicated. If complicated, what exactly.

An example of parsing a simple sentence.

The dog, black with mud, trembled and whimpered.

Simple sentence (sub. - dog, saying. - trembled whimpered); narrative; non-exclamatory; two-part; common; complete; complicated by a separate agreed-upon definition ( black with dirt) and homogeneous predicates ( trembled and whimpered).