Heraldry
Coat of arms
Chernihiv region
The heraldic shield has the shape of a rectangle with a semicircle at the base. The field of the shield is crossed into silver and green. In a silver field - the coat of arms of the city of Chernihiv. In green - a crossed flag and a saber, and above them are six golden stars.
The shield is framed by a golden cartouche with an ornament of ears of corn.
The silver color of the shield reflects the peacefulness, nobility and sincerity of the inhabitants of the area.
The green color is a symbol of the beauty of the Polissya land and its natural resources.
The eagle, the coat of arms of the city of Chernihiv, symbolizes fidelity to the ancient heraldic tradition, interrupted in 1917, testifies to the capital status of the region.
The crossroads of the Cossack Chernigov regimental banner with a saber is a symbol of courage and steadfastness of the defenders of the earth for centuries, a symbol of the border area.
Six golden stars symbolize six cities - the centers of the Cossack hundreds: Sednevskaya, Olishevskaya, regimental hundred, Slabinskaya, Roishchenskaya, Bilousko.
Flag
Chernihiv region
It is a rectangular panel with a ratio of width to length of 2: 3, consisting of two equal horizontal stripes: the top - white color, bottom - green.
In the upper corner near the staff on a white field is the coat of arms of the district, the height of which is a third of the height of the flag.
The white stripe symbolizes loyalty, peacefulness and sincerity.
The green stripe symbolizes the abundance and wealth of the Polissya region.
Coat of arms
city of Chernihiv
The historical coat of arms of the city of Chernigov is a silver coat of arms, against which a black single-headed eagle with specifically spread wings is depicted. A proudly stretched neck, a high head, an open beak with an ejection of the tongue symbolize the all-conquering and life-affirming beginning, strength, triumph. Widely spaced paws, traditional for the image of the Chernihiv eagle, complement the overall impression of strength and courage. In the left paw of the eagle there is a golden cross, symbolizing the spiritual foundations, significance and influence of Christianity in the centuries-old life of the city, one of the most influential spiritual centers of our Motherland, which provided an inexhaustible galaxy of ascetics of Orthodoxy.
Flag
city of Chernihiv
The flag is a rectangular white panel with a ratio of 2 to 3, in the center of which there is a black single-headed crowned eagle holding a golden cross with its left paw.
Chernihiv,
Chernihiv region
Chernihiv region(ukr. Chernigivskyi district) – administrative unit in the west of the Chernihiv region of Ukraine. The administrative center is the city of Chernihiv.
It borders in the north with Repkinsky, in the northeast with Gorodnyansky, in the east with Mensky and
Kulikovsky, in the south Kozeletsky districts of the Chernihiv region. In the west (along the Dnieper and the Kyiv reservoir) - with the Chernobyl region of the Kyiv and Gomel regions of the Republic of Belarus.
The international highway Odessa - St. Petersburg, the South-Western Railway runs through the district.
Population: 52,984 (1.12.2011)
Area: 2547 km. sq.
Chernihiv- a city of regional subordination, the administrative, economic and cultural center of the region. Located on the right bank of the Desna. An important junction of railways and roads, a river port, an airport.
Population: 296 896 (2011) Phone code: +380 462
Chernihiv is one of the most ancient cities of Ukraine-Rus. He, as identified by archaeologists, more than 1300 years. Of all the cities of Ukraine and Russia, Chernihiv has preserved not only the largest number of ancient Russian monuments, but also a unique landscape - the green hills of the high right bank of the Desna River, crowned with the swift silhouettes of temples and towers. Thanks to this, the city is now acquiring the significance of an urban monument of world significance. Preparations are underway required documents to include Chernihiv in the "List of World cultural heritage» UNESCO. The National Architectural and Historical Reserve "Ancient Chernihiv" operates in the city, created by the Decree of the Council of Ministers of Ukraine dated February 20, 1967 as a branch of the State Architectural and Historical Reserve "Sofia Museum" in Kyiv with the transfer of 11 architectural monuments of Chernigov to this branch. The following decree, dated June 22, 1978, created an independent reserve, which transferred the entire complex of the princely Detinets with the Transfiguration and Borisoglebsky Cathedrals (XI-XIII centuries), the Collegium, the house of I. Mazepa, as well as Catherine and Pyatnitsk. churches, Yelets and Trinity monasteries, the complex of Ilyinsky (Antoniev) caves (XI-XVII centuries), the Black Grave mound and the burial mound on the Boldin Hills (34 sights in total). Thus, the reserve covers valuable territories and objects of the historical center of the city.
History of Chernihiv
The territory of Chernihiv was already inhabited in the 2nd millennium BC. e. In its environs, in the tracts of Yalovshchina and Tatarskaya Gorka, a settlement of the Bronze Age was discovered. In the 1st millennium AD e. on the steep banks of the Desna, cut by deep ravines, there were several Slavic settlements of northerners: within the ancient central part of Chernigov on the Val, on the Yelets and Boldin heights, etc. Scientists believe that they were in the VIII-IX centuries. laid the foundation for Chernihiv.
Taking advantage geographical position in the basin of the Desna and its tributaries the Seim and Snowy, the city grew rapidly. Desna and Dnieper, he was connected with Kyiv.
The first written mention of Chernigov dates back to 907, when the Kyiv prince Oleg, after a victorious campaign against Byzantium, obliged the Greeks “to give orders to Russian cities: the first to Kyiv, the same to Chernigov, Pereyaslavl, Poltesk, Rostov, Lyubech and other cities: for those cities, for sedyakh, the great princes under the Olga exist.
Chernigov was named second in order in this agreement and hoist, where it was a question of receiving a monthly allowance for Russian merchants who arrived in Constantinople. In the agreement of 944, concluded with the Byzantines by Oleg's successor Igor, Chernihiv also appears and again - in second place. Those. at the beginning of the X century. Chernihiv was the center of the principality and one of the largest cities Kievan Rus. Byzantine emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus among the most important cities of Russia, in the middle of the X century. conducted trade with Constantinople, also mentions Chernigov.
The city consisted of four fortified parts. The oldest of them was detinets - the central administrative part. It was located on a mountain at the confluence of the Strizhen River with the Desna, its area is 15-16 acres (now it is the territory of the modern park on Val). The princely court with mansions, boyar courts, the main cathedrals of the city are concentrated on the citadel. It had three gates: Water, Kyiv, Burnt. From the north and west, a handicraft and trade part adjoined the citadel - a roundabout city (outer city), surrounded by a moat, rampart and wooden walls. Its fortifications included the territory of the modern Kuibyshev Square, Sverdlov Street and reached the river. Strizhnya. The western part of the roundabout city, spreading in the direction of the Yelets Monastery, was called Tretiak. Craft and trade positions were constantly increasing and therefore began to spread beyond the roundabout city. This is how the Forerunner was born. It occupied a vast territory and included the area of the modern city central market. The foothills were also surrounded by a moat and a rampart. On the banks of the Desna lay the low-lying part of the city - Podil.
The power of ancient Chernihiv is also evidenced by numerous mounds of the 9th-10th centuries. with graves of princes and combatants. Of great interest among them are the burial mounds of Gulbishche and Bezymyanny with the burial places of rich boyars-druzhinas of the late 9th - early 10th centuries. Weapons found by a combatant from the Gulbishche barrow - a sword, shield, chain mail, an ax, etc. An outstanding archaeological monument of the 10th century, the only known burial of an ancient Russian prince, is the Chernaya Mogila barrow. Archaeologist D. Ya. Samokvasov back in 1872 - 73. during excavations, swords, sabers, chain mail, a shield with copper rims, sickles, axes, pottery, two horns ornamented with a silver frieze - vessels for ritual drinking, bone checkers and other things were found, testify to the high level of the craft of ancient Russia.
The first known prince of Chernigov was one of the sons of Vladimir Svyatoslavich - Mstislav, younger brother Yaroslav the Wise. Before appearing in Chernigov, he reigned in Tmutarakan. 1024, he captured Chernigov. After the death of Mstislav, Yaroslav again united all the lands. Shortly before his death, which followed in 1054, Yaroslav divided his possessions between his sons, gave Chernigov to Svyatoslav, leaving Kyiv for his eldest son Izyaslav, and Vsevolod got neighboring Pereyaslav. The princes of neighboring lands lived in peace and harmony for some time. In 1060, the three of them went against the Torks, in 1068 - against the Polovtsians. br> Princely strife contributed to the intensification of attacks by nomads, led to the destruction of the economy. This was a heavy burden on the shoulders of the working population and to a large extent hindered the development of the city.
After the Lyubetz congress in 1097, which recognized the hereditary rights of the princes, Chernigov and the Chernigov-Seversk principality were recognized by the Svyatoslavichs.
80-90 years of the XI century - the time of further strengthening and strengthening of Chernihiv.
Construction began in the city, the development of crafts and trade acquired a large scale. There are separate places for certain types of goods - the so-called. rows - a sign that there were many people who traded in the same type of goods. The rich boyars and combatants erected new mansions, the princes - cathedrals and churches, defensive fortifications. At this time, in particular, a new princely court was built, the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral was founded, which, starting with Mstislav, became the burial place of the Chernigov princes, the Yelets Monastery was founded. A bishopric is being created in Chernihiv, which testified to the rise political significance principalities. Around the city, the number of boyar villages is growing, their estates are expanding, more and more free people are becoming dependent on the feudal lords.
After the final exit from the power of Kyiv, Chernihiv, being the capital of a separate principality, continued to be a significant economic, political and cultural center of Russia. Shoemaking, blacksmithing, pottery, jewelry and other crafts, construction, and culture continued to develop here. In the 12th century, the Annunciation, Boris and Gleb Cathedrals and the Assumption Cathedral of the Yelets Monastery, as well as a number of other structures, were built in Chernigov. Ancient Chernihiv was one of the largest cultural centers Kievan Rus. Here, education reached a significant level, mainly spread among the wealthy segments of the population, in particular princes, boyars, merchants. The sons of Yaroslav the Wise, Svyatoslav and Vsevolod, who reigned in Chernigov, were highly educated people in their time. Vsevolod spoke five languages.
For home reading, the family of Svyatoslav was made so-called. "Izbornik Svyatoslav" - a handwritten book with beautifully designed capital letters, intros and endings. The Greek "wisdom" was well mastered by the daughter of the Chernigov prince Mikhail-Efrosinya thanks to the boyar Fedorov. A large library, which later became the basis of the library of the Kiev Caves Monastery, was collected by the Chernigov prince Svyatoslav Davidovich (Nikolai Svyatosha). Chernihiv had its own chronicle and local literature, epics were formed here. Stories about Chernigov and its inhabitants take up a lot of space in The Tale of Bygone Years, Vladimir Monomakh's Teachings, in the Kiev Chronicle, which is completely devoted to the fight between the Olgovichi and Monomakhovichi, in the Tale of Igor's Campaign. The first work of the travel genre in ancient Russian literature was the "Journey" of the Chernigov abbot Daniel, which in 1106-1107. traveled to Palestine.
The culture of Chernigov is an integral part of the culture of Kievan Rus, which became the basis for the achievements of the three fraternal peoples - Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian.
The Mongol-Tatar invasion delayed the further development of Chernigov for several centuries.
On October 18, 1239, the Horde appeared under the walls of Chernigov, which at that time was considered a city “rich in warriors”, “glorious courage of the townspeople”, “strong and populous”. Enemies surrounded him from all sides. Cousin Mikhail of Chernigov - Prince Mstislav Glebovich led his army to the rescue of the besieged. A fierce battle broke out. The besieged tried to help the soldiers of Mstislav Glebovich, began to fire at the attackers from throwing guns.
After the invasion, Chernigov loses its significance as the political center of Chernigov-North-thickness, yielding to Bryansk. Above the black layer of the conflagration left by the Mongol-Tatars, archaeologists find mostly only the remains of ceramics. The destruction caused to the city was very great.
The conquerors divided the surviving population into tens, hundreds, thousands and tens of thousands (“darkness”), and imposed a heavy tax. In the historical documents of those times, there is also "Chernigov darkness with all the exits and tributes." A Tatar tribute collector, a Baskak, appeared in the city, to whom the Ryazan prince was even forced to give land: "to take the field along the Pronya River." After some time, Prince Michael returned from Poland. In 1246 he went to Batu to ask for a "label" for reigning. Here they tried to force him to perform a humiliating ceremony: to return to the south and bow to the image of Genghis Khan. The proud prince replied that it was not proper for a Christian to worship an image dead man. No matter how his close associates persuaded him, he remained adamant and was killed by the Tatars.
The wounds caused by the invasion healed very slowly. Lithuanian feudal lords took advantage of the weakening of Russia, who in 1220 encroached on its land. In the early 60s of the XIII century, under the leadership of Mindaugas, they again tried to capture Chernigov-Sivershchyna. In 1355, Lithuanian troops once again appear on the Chernigov lands. During 1355-1356. the whole Chernihiv region, incl. and Chernihiv, fell under their rule.
For almost a century and a half, new invaders held out here. However, Chernigov maintained close ties with the rest of the Russian lands, continued to fight the Mongol-Tatars, uniting into one state with a center in Moscow. So, at the beginning of the XV century. Several Ukrainian feudal lords arrived in Moscow, headed by Prince Svidrigailo. Among the soldiers who came with them, the majority were from Chernigov. In the last quarter of the 15th century, the movement for liberation from Lithuanian domination and reunification with the fraternal Russian people became massive. The population of Chernihiv-Sivershchyna refused to obey the Lithuanian lords. Finally, in 1500, a number of princes went over to the side of Russia, including Semyon Mozhaisky, who owned Chernigov, Starodub, Gomel, and Minsk. War between Lithuania and Russia in 1501-1503. secured Chernigov, along with other settlements of Chernihiv-Sivershchyna and Smolensk region, for the Russian state.
The reunification of these lands with Russian ones contributed to the weakening of the socio-economic (in the Chernihiv region at the end of the 16th century the corvee was 2 days, and in the rest of Ukraine from 3 to 5), political and religious oppression, further development of crafts, trade, construction business. In the 16th century, Russian merchants began to appear in Chernigov even more often. They came here with whole convoys of carts and sold sable coats, sheepskin coats, silk and linen, leather goods, weapons.
Chernigov was at that time a border city, so the tsarist government took care of its fortification. In 1531 - 1534. a wooden fortress was built here. It was surrounded by a rampart and a deep ditch, 27 large and many small cannons were installed.
Lithuanian feudal lords could not come to terms with the loss of Chernigov. In the summer of 1534, their troops devastated the environs of Chernigov and other cities of Chernigov-Sivershchyna. In the autumn of the same year, they again approached Chernigov, but having suffered heavy losses, they were forced to retreat. During negotiations in Moscow in 1542, Lithuanian ambassadors demanded the return of Chernigov and other six cities in exchange for prisoners. The Polish king sought Grand Duke Lithuanian Sigismund II. Lithuanian and Polish lords tried to capture Chernigov in 1563 during the Livonian War, but to no avail. They made another attempt to capture the city in 1579, and the courageous defense of Chernigov forced them to lift the siege and retreat. However, the magnates with their mercenaries continued robbery. One of them, M. Vishnevetsky, in an impotent rage at the same time burned Chernigov and several other cities.
AT early XVII in. False Dmitry, a protege of the Polish gentry, captured Chernigov.
Four years later, the city of Chernihiv fell into the hands of the Polish interventionists, who managed to secure it for themselves under the terms of the Deulino truce of 1618 for fourteen and a half years, and according to the Polyanov peace of 1634, forever.
At first, Chernihiv was part of the so-called. Principality of Chernigov and was subject to the administration of Prince Vladislav, and after 1635 became the main city of the Chernigov Voivodeship. Here was the voivode, whom the king appointed only from noble Polish feudal lords, the gentry gathered for sejmiks. The Polish government took care not only of the nobility, but also of the Catholic clergy. The persecution of the Orthodox began, the forcible imposition of the union. The Borisoglebsky Monastery in Chernigov was transferred to the Catholics, and the Uniate became the archimandrite of the Yelets Monastery in 1628. The archbishop of Smolensk even swore that in Smolensk, Chernigov and Starodub he would bring all Orthodox to the union. In order to increase revenues, in 1623 (according to other sources, 1620), the king granted Magdeburg rights to Chernigov. All positions in the city self-government were occupied by the gentry. Voight was not elected, but appointed by the king - and always from the Catholics.
On June 7, the Sevsk governors, informing the tsar about the events in Ukraine, emphasized that the masses were striving to reunite with the Russian people. On June 19, they already reported: the rebel troops had captured Chernigov, Nizhyn, Borznaya and other cities. The gentry tried to linger in the Chernihiv fortress, but on June 15, the townspeople, together with the Cossacks, drove her out of there. The city was forever freed from the Polish yoke. It became the center of the Chernihiv regiment.
Chernigov, located on the northern borders of the liberated territory, was threatened by the troops of the Lithuanian hetman Radziwill. Therefore, here in his free time from hiking was the whole Chernihiv regiment led by Nebaba. In the spring of 1651, the Kyiv and Nezhinsky regiments approached here. In June, the Polish-Lithuanian gentry launched an offensive against Ukraine from the north. Insignificant groups of Cossacks guarding the crossings across the Dnieper could not hold back the enemy. M. Nebaba immediately set out from Chernigov to meet the invaders. Radziwill's troops, prevailing in numbers and weapons, defeated the Cossacks. On July 6, M. Nebaba also died heroically in battle.
The Cossacks retreated to Chernigov. The Polish-Lithuanian troops followed them, hoping for an easy victory. The duty colonel S. Pobodailo mobilized all available forces for the defense of the city. Radziwill offered Chernigov to surrender, but was resolutely refused and withdrew to the Smolensk region.
The return of the gentry to the Chernihiv region after the Treaty of Bila Tserkva in 1651 caused new protests of the population against foreign invaders, for the reunification of Ukraine with Russia.
The decision of the Pereyaslav Rada was joyfully met by Chernihiv citizens. On January 28, 1654, they solemnly welcomed the Russian embassy of V. Buturlin and in the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral swore to be faithful to the alliance with the Russian people. There were 1105 people present during the ceremony. The Chernihiv people, like the entire Ukrainian people, remained faithful to the alliance with the Russian people forever. Cossacks of the Chernihiv regiment helped the inhabitants and Cossacks of the Starodub regiment to defend Starodub from the Swedish invaders, took part in Poltava battle 1709.
The reunification of Ukraine with Russia contributed to the further development of the economy and culture of the city. Its ties with Russian cities are expanding and strengthening.
The tsarist government, contributing to the further development of trade and crafts, in 1655, 1666 and 1690. confirmed the right of Chernihiv to self-government and previous "liberties". But these confirmations gave almost nothing to the urban lower classes. All elective positions in the magistracy - voitas, burmisters, raytsev, shopkeepers, as a rule, were occupied by numerous representatives of wealthy petty-bourgeois and officer families who tried to shift the entire burden of taxes onto the shoulders of the working people. The forms and amounts of taxes were not clearly defined, so the representatives of the authorities could not only avoid paying them themselves, but also profit at the expense of the townspeople and Cossacks.
Remaining a border city of the Russian state, Chernihiv was constantly fortified. In 1670-1680. the fortress was rebuilt. 1719 expanded. After that, it occupied the entire territory of the current park on the Val. Late XVIII c., when the borders of the Russian state moved far to the west, the fortress lost its significance and was liquidated in 1799.
With the liquidation of the regimental system by tsarism and the creation of the Chernigov viceroy, Chernigov became the center of the vicegerency in 1782, and with the formation of the Little Russian province in 1796, and the Chernigov province in 1802, the center of the province. In this regard, city self-government was reduced to nothing. The city duma, which replaced the magistrate, although it remained an elected body, but from 1796 was completely subordinate to the governor. Without his permission, she did not perform a single event. It was entrusted with supervision only of trade and improvement. The philistines, who made up the majority of the population, were placed in a narrow class framework. they were allowed to engage in crafts and trade. They paid numerous taxes to the state, performed various duties. At their expense, the apartment of the governor and other senior provincial officials, the police, the prison, the fire brigade, the almshouse, etc. were maintained.
During Patriotic War In 1812, the inhabitants of Chernihiv discovered high patriotism. Many joined the Cossack regiments and militias, courageously fought against enemy troops. The Chernigov Dragoon Regiment distinguished itself in the Battle of Borodino. Residents of Chernigov took care of the evacuated Belarusian population. Chernigov housed the institutions of Bialystok, Rogachev, Mogilev.
After the reunification of Ukraine with Russia, the role of Chernigov as one of the centers of cultural development increases. At the end of the 17th century, a parochial school was opened in Chernihiv. 1786 such schools are already 6. 1700 a secondary educational institution began to work - a collegium created on the basis of the Slavic-Latin school, which was transferred here from Novgorod-Seversky. At first it had four classes: infima, syntax, poetics, rhetoric. In 1748, the fifth class was opened - philosophy. Here they studied grammar, history, geography, mathematics, philosophy, Latin and Greek, but the level of teaching was low due to insufficient training of teachers. Needy students lived in a bursa, for which firewood and several times a week rye bread and cereals for porridge were issued by order of the bishop. This extradition was so miserable that every day after school the students had to walk around the city under the windows, sing religious songs and beg for alms. The term of study at the collegium was seven years. In 1776 it was reorganized into a theological seminary. The first folk school (the main folk school) also worked in Chernihiv, which consisted of four classes. It was opened in Chernihiv and so-called. a free boarding school where male noble children studied.
In 1805, on the basis of the public school, a provincial gymnasium was opened. In subsequent years, the county and parish schools began to work. On the eve of the reform of 1861 in Chernihiv there were 5 educational institutions: a gymnasium, three schools and a theological seminary. They trained 538 people, mostly children of the nobility. In addition, there were 3 parochial schools.
In 1860-1862. in the city there was a "Sunday school" for adults, where up to 90 people studied. The "Sunday School" had a progressive direction and therefore was closed by the tsarist authorities.
Printing houses were significant centers of cultural life. In the first half of the XVII century. there was a printing house of Kirill Stavrovetsky. In 1646, in particular, a collection of poems and articles by K. Stavrovetsky “The Pearl of Great Price” was printed in it. 1679 a printing house founded by JI was transferred to Chernigov from Novgorod-Seversky. Baranovich. She published the works of I. Galyatovsky, I. Maksimovich, D. Rostovsky and other Ukrainian writers of the 17th century. Books were printed in Ukrainian, Polish and Church Slavonic.
Before the first half of XIX century, the beginning of the publication of the first journal in the Chernihiv region dates back. In 1838, the newspaper "Chernigov Gubernskie Vedomosti" began to appear. The ethnographer V. Shishatsky-Illich, the historian A. M. Lazarevsky and others collaborated in the newspaper.
In the second half of the 19th century, when capitalism began to develop rapidly in Russia, certain changes took place in Chernigov. However, at that time it did not develop as an industrial center, but remained as before, a concentration of handicrafts and handicrafts. Construction in the city led to the growth of brick factories and their capacities.
Coat of arms of the city of Chernihiv (project, 1859)
Description:Description:
In 1859, according to the rules developed by B.Kene, a draft coat of arms of the city of Chernihiv was drawn up:
In a silver field, a black crowned eagle holding a long golden cross in the claws of its left foot, inclined to the right corner of the shield, the claws of the eagle are golden, the tongue is scarlet. The shield is topped with a golden tower crown and surrounded by golden ears of corn connected by the Alexander ribbon. Thus, the eagle on the city coat of arms was turned to the “heraldically correct” right side and the framing of the provincial city (crown and wreath) was added
Coat of arms of the city of Chernihiv (1782)
Acceptance date: 04.06.1782
Description:
A single-headed black eagle crowned with a gold crown, holding a gilded cross in its left claw, in a silver field.
Acceptance date: 1623
Description:
Coat of arms of the city of Chernihiv (1623)
Sources: A.Grechilo, Y.Savchuk, I.Svarnik "Coat of arms of Ukraine (XIV-I half of XX century)"
Flag of the Chernihiv region
Acceptance date: 11.07.2000
Description:
The flag of the Chernihiv region is a green rectangular panel with an aspect ratio of 2:3, in the middle of which there is a white horizontal strip 1/5 of the width of the flag. In the upper left part of the flag there is an image of a black double-headed eagle with red paws and tongues, golden eyes and weapons (beaks and claws), and on their heads. by golden open crown. On the chest of the eagle there is a blue shield with a golden frame, on which the golden sign of Prince Mstislav Vladimirovich is visible. On the flag, two green stripes denote two geographical zones of the Chernihiv region - Polissya and Forest-steppe. The white stripe symbolizes the Desna River, which separates them.
Coat of arms of the Chernihiv region
Acceptance date: 11.08.2000
Description:
The coat of arms of the Chernihiv region is a silver shield with a black crowned double-headed eagle with scarlet paws and tongues, golden eyes, beaks, claws and crowns. In an azure breastplate with a gold edging, there is a gold badge of the founder of the Grand Duchy of Chernigov, Mstislav Vladimirovich.
The city of Chernigov was first mentioned in Russian chronicles under 907 in the text of an agreement between the prince and. However, it is obvious that by this time the city already existed as a settlement of northerners. The Chernigov Principality was formed in 1023 or 1024, when the Tmutarakan prince occupied Chernigov. tried to take possession of Kyiv, but preferred to make peace with. According to the agreement of 1026, the Russian land was actually divided by the Dnieper into two parts: the right bank belonged to Kyiv prince, and the left bank - Chernihiv. died childless, and Chernigov was again annexed to Kyiv. However, shortly before his death, distributing inheritances to his sons, he again singled out Chernigov as a separate principality. It got it, from which the family of Chernigov princes went. From two sons - and - two branches of the Chernigov princes, Davydovichi and Olgovichi, went. In the 11th-12th centuries, their representatives claimed seniority among the Rurikids and participated in the internecine struggle for the Kyiv great table. The older branch, the Davydovichi, died out in 1166. The youngest, Olgovichi, was divided into two more: descendants and Olgovichi.
The Chernihiv table was considered the second most "prestigious" princely table of Ancient Russia after the Kyiv one. A prince usually sat on it, the second in seniority among the Rurikovichs according to the right of the ladder. In terms of size, Chernigov was practically not inferior to Kyiv. A majestic and extraordinarily beautiful view opened up to the eyes of travelers coming to the city: above the low log buildings towered, sparkling with gold, the domes of temples, towers of towers and princely courts.
By the beginning of the 13th century, the Chernigov Principality occupied a vast territory, mainly on the left bank of the Dnieper. His possessions extended northeast to Murom and Ryazan and southeast to the Great Steppe. In addition to Chernigov, on the territory of the principality there were such big cities like Novgorod-Seversky, Starodub, Bryansk, Putivl, Kursk, Lyubech, Glukhov, Chechersk and Gomel. In 1239, Chernigov was ravaged by the Mongol-Tatars and fell into decay. After the death of the prince in 1246, the Chernigov principality broke up into destinies:, and. Chernigov, devastated by the Tatars, could no longer fulfill the functions of a capital city, and the princely table was transferred to Bryansk: local rulers began to bear the title of princes of Bryansk and grand princes of Chernigov. In the XIV century, the fragmentation of the Chernihiv-Seversky lands into small destinies continued. In 1357, Bryansk was captured by the Grand Duke of Lithuania. lost its independence, but for some time retained autonomy in the composition. The last prince of Bryansk and the Grand Duke of Chernigov was killed in 1401 during the uprising in Smolensk.
During the XIV century, the rest of the inheritances of the Chernigov Principality were liquidated, and their rulers became the service princes of the Grand Duke of Lithuania. In the middle of the 15th century, some former Chernihiv lands were granted to the princes who fled to from, as a result of which such specific principalities as, were restored. However, already in the fifteenth XVI centuries the descendants of the specific princes returned under the jurisdiction, retaining their possessions, but becoming simple service princes.
Chernihiv princes
| 1023-1036 | |
| Under the direct control of Kyiv | 1036-1054 |
| 1054-1073 | |
| (1) | 1073-1076 |
| (1) | 1076-1077 |
| (1) | 1077 |
| (2) | 1077-1078 |
| (2) | 1078 |
| (2) | 1078-1094 |
| 1094-1096 | |
| 1097-1123 | |
| 1123-1127 | |
| 1127-1139 | |
| 1139-1151 | |
| (1) | 1151-1154 |
| (1) | 1154-1155 |
| (2) | 1155-1157 |
| (2) | 1157-1164 |
| 1164-1177 | |
| 1177-1198 | |
| 1198-1202 | |
| 1202-1204 | |
| 1204-1210 | |
| 1210-1214 | |
| 1214-1219 | |
| 1219-1223 | |
| (1) | 1223-1235 |
- Jafer Seidamet. Jafar (Jafer, Jefer) Seyid Seydamet, in the 1930s took the surname Kyrymer (September 1, 1889, the village of Kizil-Tash, Yalta district, Taurida province Russian Empire- April 3, 1960, Istanbul) - Russian politician, ideologist and one of the leaders of the Crimean Tatar people during the Civil War, Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Crimean regional governments Noman Chelebidzhikhan (Chelebi Chelebieva);
- Minister of Finance, Industry, Labor and Trade and interim head of the Ministry of Justice - Count Tatishchev V. S. Count Vladimir Sergeevich Tatishchev (1865-1928) - banker, active state councilor, official for special assignments.
- Coat of arms of Chernigov Verkhneoksky appanages. Recorded in the fifth part of the genealogical books of the Moscow and Kaluga provinces.
- By this Decree, this coat of arms can be considered withdrawn, and the use of the coat of arms and title of the Prince of the Upper Oka appanages of the Chernigov Principality by any of the Gorchakovs can be considered illegal.
In the Velvet Book, the ancestor of the Gorchakovs is Prince Roman Ivanovich, who was placed in the 15th generation from Rurik, i.e. great-great-grandson of the Holy Prince Michael of Chernigov. His descendants were the specific princes of Przemysl and Kozelsk. No evidence of the existence of this figure has been found. As G. A. Vlasyev rightly points out
The surviving documents leave the question of the origin of the Gorchakovs open, since. the early generations, due to their insignificance, are mentioned very sporadically in the sources. Moreover, in the documents of the 1st half of the 16th century, several princes bear the nickname "Gorchak" at once. Hoping to resolve this difficulty, P. N. Petrov tried to withdraw the Gorchakovs from the Yaroslavl princes Mortkin (which, however, is contradicted by the location of the Gorchak estates in the upper reaches of the Oka, in particular, in the Bolkhov district). It cannot be ruled out that all three main branches of the Gorchakovs have completely different origins.
The nickname of the ancestor of the princely family "Gorchak" can be explained from the name of the fish "Gorchak". N. A. Baskakov admits the Turkic origin of this nickname.
And also, in connection with another declared in 1918 by Prince Gorchakov S.V. identity, Crimean Tatar, which is evidenced in the documents of the Crimean Regional Governments headed by Suleiman Sulkevich, Dzhefar Seydamet and Count Tatishchev during the preparation of the transfer of the Crimean Khanate from the jurisdiction of the UNR, headed by Hetman P.P. Skoropadsky and Prince A.N. Dolgoruky , Commander-in-Chief of the UNR Army, under the auspices of Germany and Turkey:
In July 1918, a government delegation led by V. S. Tatishchev visited Berlin in order to achieve recognition by the German government of the independence of Crimea from Ukraine, receive loans from it and establish trade relations with Germany. Behind the scenes, the German government was also offered a memorandum from the Crimean Tatar directory on the creation of the Crimean Khanate (under the auspices of Germany and Turkey).
° (Matvei (Matsej) Aleksandrovich Sulkevich (Belarusian) Maciej Aliaksandravich Sulkevich, Azeri Süleyman bəy Sulkeviç, also known as Mohammed Suleimanovich Sulkevich, Suleiman Sulkevich and Mamed bek Sulkevich, July 20, 1865, the Kemeishy estate of the Lida district of the Vilna province, now the village of the Voronovsky district of the Grodno region, Belarus - July 15, 1920) - Russian and Azerbaijani military leader, Crimean- Tatar figure, lieutenant general),
On behalf of the NGO "Association for the Protection of Noble Symbols of Ukraine", the Decree comes into force from the moment it is published on the website, signed by the Head of the organization and the seal of the organization.
Head of the Public Organization "Protection of Noble Symbols of Ukraine"
Long E.S.
The city of Chernigov was first mentioned in Russian chronicles under 907 in the text of an agreement between the prince and. However, it is obvious that by this time the city already existed as a settlement of northerners. The Chernigov Principality was formed in 1023 or 1024, when the Tmutarakan prince occupied Chernigov. tried to take possession of Kyiv, but preferred to make peace with. According to the agreement of 1026, the Russian land was actually divided by the Dnieper into two parts: the right bank belonged to the Kyiv prince, and the left bank belonged to Chernigov. died childless, and Chernigov was again annexed to Kyiv. However, shortly before his death, distributing inheritances to his sons, he again singled out Chernigov as a separate principality. It got it, from which the family of Chernigov princes went. From two sons - and - two branches of the Chernigov princes, Davydovichi and Olgovichi, went. In the 11th-12th centuries, their representatives claimed seniority among the Rurikids and participated in the internecine struggle for the Kyiv great table. The older branch, the Davydovichi, died out in 1166. The youngest, Olgovichi, was divided into two more: descendants and Olgovichi.
The Chernihiv table was considered the second most "prestigious" princely table of Ancient Russia after the Kyiv one. A prince usually sat on it, the second in seniority among the Rurikovichs according to the right of the ladder. In terms of size, Chernigov was practically not inferior to Kyiv. A majestic and extraordinarily beautiful view opened up to the eyes of travelers coming to the city: above the low log buildings towered, sparkling with gold, the domes of temples, towers of towers and princely courts.
By the beginning of the 13th century, the Chernigov Principality occupied a vast territory, mainly on the left bank of the Dnieper. His possessions extended northeast to Murom and Ryazan and southeast to the Great Steppe. In addition to Chernigov, there were such large cities as Novgorod-Seversky, Starodub, Bryansk, Putivl, Kursk, Lyubech, Glukhov, Chechersk and Gomel on the territory of the principality. In 1239, Chernigov was ravaged by the Mongol-Tatars and fell into decay. After the death of the prince in 1246, the Chernigov principality broke up into destinies:, and. Chernigov, devastated by the Tatars, could no longer fulfill the functions of a capital city, and the princely table was transferred to Bryansk: local rulers began to bear the title of princes of Bryansk and grand princes of Chernigov. In the XIV century, the fragmentation of the Chernihiv-Seversky lands into small destinies continued. In 1357, Bryansk was captured by the Grand Duke of Lithuania. lost its independence, but for some time retained autonomy in the composition. The last prince of Bryansk and the Grand Duke of Chernigov was killed in 1401 during the uprising in Smolensk.
During the XIV century, the rest of the inheritances of the Chernigov Principality were liquidated, and their rulers became the service princes of the Grand Duke of Lithuania. In the middle of the 15th century, some former Chernihiv lands were granted to the princes who fled to from, as a result of which such specific principalities as, were restored. However, already in the 15th - 16th centuries, the descendants of the specific princes returned under jurisdiction, retaining their possessions, but becoming simple service princes.
Chernihiv princes
| 1023-1036 | |
| Under the direct control of Kyiv | 1036-1054 |
| 1054-1073 | |
| (1) | 1073-1076 |
| (1) | 1076-1077 |
| (1) | 1077 |
| (2) | 1077-1078 |
| (2) | 1078 |
| (2) | 1078-1094 |
| 1094-1096 | |
| 1097-1123 | |
| 1123-1127 | |
| 1127-1139 | |
| 1139-1151 | |
| (1) | 1151-1154 |
| (1) | 1154-1155 |
| (2) | 1155-1157 |
| (2) | 1157-1164 |
| 1164-1177 | |
| 1177-1198 | |
| 1198-1202 | |
| 1202-1204 | |
| 1204-1210 | |
| 1210-1214 | |
| 1214-1219 | |
| 1219-1223 | |
| (1) | 1223-1235 |
