Foreword Last year, when the Haiti earthquake hit, I collected some data about it and earthquakes that have occurred on Earth since 1960. They are given at the beginning of this article. This year, the tragedy repeated itself in Japan. Only a few days have passed since the earthquake and the tsunami it caused, but it is already clear today that this terrible disaster which resulted in the death of a huge number of people. I copied several news articles that are directly related to this earthquake and seemed interesting to me. The nature of man is so arranged that he always looks for the causes of tragedies and tries to compare facts. If only we could somehow take them into account in order to avoid similar disasters in the future. But, most likely, nature cannot be outwitted by man. Therefore, it remains only to analyze and hope for her mercy. Earthquake statistics of the XX-XXI centuries. According to the analysis conducted by Tatyana Chernoglazova from the Institute of Earth Sciences (Kazakhstan, Alma-Ata) http://trounev.com/Chaos/No5/TCH2/TCH2.htm , from 2000 to 2006 the total number of earthquakes with amplitudes from 1 to 8 points on the Richter scale increased from 19136 to 29534 events, i.e. by 10398. At the same time, the number of large earthquakes with a magnitude of 5-8 points increased by 108 events: 1518 in 2000 and 1626 in 2006, while the number of medium earthquakes with a magnitude of 2-5 points increased by 10290 events: 17618 in 2000 year and 27908 in 2006. The number of victims of earthquakes in 2000-2006 is 437,061 people! The number of victims of earthquakes in 2007-2009 is 95,837 people! In total, as a result of earthquakes inXXIcentury (excluding those killed in Japan) 764,898 people died! The most destructive earthquakes in the last 80 years:(According to the websites: http://newsru.co.il/world/16aug2007/eq_stat_114.html http://www.newsru.ru/world/13jan2010/quake_haiti.html) http://news.rambler.ru/ 9274158/) December 16, 1920. China, Gansu province. - 180,000 - 240,000 people October 5-6, 1948. Turkmenistan ( middle Asia) - 100,000 - 150,000 thousand people February 29, 1960. Agadir (Morocco) - 12,000 dead. April 26, 1966. Tashkent (USSR) - 8 dead. January 5, 1970. Yunnan (PRC) - 16,000 dead. May 31, 1970. Peru - 67,000 dead. December 22, 1972. Nicaragua - 6,000 dead. February 4, 1976. Guatemala - 23,000 dead. July 28, 1976. Tien Shan (PRC) - according to various sources, from 300,000 to 655,000 dead. August 17, 1976. Mindanao (Philippines) - 8,000 dead. September 16, 1978. Tebes (Iran) - 25,000 dead. September 19-20, 1985. Mexico City (Mexico) - 25,000 dead. December 7, 1988. Spitak (Armenia) - 25,000 dead. June 21, 1990. Iran - 50,000 dead. January 17, 1995. Japan - 5,100 dead. May 28, 1995. Russia. Sakhalin (9 points) - 2040 dead. May 30, 1998. Afghanistan - 5,000 dead. August 17, 1999. Izmir (Turkey) - 17,000 dead. January 26, 2001. Bhuj (India) - 20,000 dead. December 26, 2003. Bam (Iran) - 30,000 dead. December 26, 2004. South Asia - 230,000 dead. March 2005. Indonesia, Nias Island (8.2 points). 1300 people died. October 2005 Pakistan (7.6 points) 73,000 people died, including 17,000 children. May 27, 2006. Indonesia - 5,100 dead. May 2007. Indonesia, Java island (6.2 points). 6618 people died. August 2007. Peru, Department of Ica, (8 points) 519 people died. May 2008. China, Sichuan, (7.9 points). 87,000 people died. October 2008. Pakistan, Balochistan Province (6.4 points). 300 people died. April 2009. Italy, L'Aquila. (5.8 points) 300 people died. October 2009. Sumatra (Indonesia). 1100 people died. January 12, 2010. Haiti. 232,000 people died. The total number of people who died as a result of earthquakes in the period from 1920 to 2010 is 2,045,314* people. Let's add to this figure 28 thousand victims of the 2011 earthquake in Japan (the data is still conjectural) and we get more than two million seventy-three thousand people! And only inXXIcentury, more than seven hundred thousand people became victims of earthquakes, not counting those killed in Japan.*figures are approximate, as the data on the victims of some earthquakes is not accurate. These are just statistics, but there is so much fear, grief, tears, broken destinies, destroyed houses, cities, villages behind it. And we, the inhabitants of the Earth, cannot do anything, except to think about our ambitions and our attitude towards our only breadwinner, towards our only home - Planet Earth, as well as about our attitude towards each other. I have no doubt that the vigorous activity of people in the "development" of the planet has contributed to the processes taking place in it. I would like to believe that the future will be kind to us. Let's pray in memory of those who died. Below about the earthquake in Japan and Haiti. Earthquake in Japan March 11, 2011 An earthquake of magnitude 9 on the Richter scale (according to preliminary data - 8.9 points) occurred on Friday, March 11, 2011 in Japan. The epicenter of the earthquake was located 373 kilometers northeast of Tokyo, its focus lay at a depth of 24 kilometers. Soon and in the following days, several more powerful tremors of magnitude over 6.0 occurred in the same area, the epicenter of one of them was only 67 kilometers from Tokyo. The magnitude of the strongest aftershock was 7.1.
The earthquake caused a powerful tsunami - huge waves ten meters high covered the Japanese coastal zone, and then the tsunami quickly began to spread across the Pacific Ocean at great speed. The waves reached almost the entire coastline of the Pacific Basin - the USA, Indonesia, New Zealand, Kamchatka, but large-scale catastrophe did not occur in other countries. The scale of the tragedy is enormous - millions of people were left homeless, important economic facilities were destroyed, both in the coastal zone and in megacities, tens of thousands of people died and went missing, there was a disaster at a nuclear power plant in Fukushima Prefecture. At present, it is too early to sum up, search operations are underway, data on damage are being collected. But it is already known today that the strike of the underground elements on March 11, 2011 became the 5th most powerful over the past 100 years. Currently the strongest known to mankind The most documented earthquake in the last 100 years is the Haiti earthquake, which occurred on January 12, 2010 at about 5 pm local time. After the main shock of magnitude 7 on the Richter scale, which lasted about 40 seconds, about 30 more were recorded, half of which were at least 5. In second place is the earthquake that occurred on July 28 back in 1976 in the Chinese city of Tangshan. An 8.2 magnitude earthquake that claimed the lives of 222 thousand people, and this, apparently, is "strongly" approximate data. According to the estimates of some international organizations, there were much more victims of the Tangshan earthquake, up to 800 thousand people, while the force of the tremors was slightly lower - 7.8 points. Of course, there are no exact figures - according to archival reports, it is assumed that the Chinese government deliberately underestimated the scale of the disaster several times over. http://news.rambler.ru/9274158/ "Japan is now going through the most severe crisis since the Second World War," Prime Minister Naoto Kan said. "All Japanese are now facing the question of whether we can overcome this. I'm sure that we will do it."
As of March 14, 5,000 people are listed as dead, the fate of 10,000 people is not known. Below is a selection of articles about this earthquake from different points of view. Offset of the Earth's own axis by 17 cm
The strongest earthquake in Japan led to a displacement of the Earth's own axis, around which the planet is balanced in mass, by 17 cm and to a reduction in the duration of the Earth's day by 1.8 microseconds. This updated data was brought to ITAR-TASS on March 14, 2011 by scientist Richard Gross from the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory located in Pasadena (California). Two days ago, Ross gave smaller estimates of 15 cm and 1.6 microseconds (1 microsecond is one millionth of a second). Now the preliminary calculations have been verified and corrected based on the readings of the US orbiting satellites. Their data make it possible to draw up "the most accurate picture" of the changes that have taken place on the planet, the scientist noted. He considers new, very minor adjustments highly likely given the continued high seismic activity in the Japanese Islands. As Ross explained earlier, the Earth's own axis, which should not be confused with the planet's axis of rotation, is constantly shifting under the influence of any events that lead to a change in the mass distribution of large objects on the surface. “The length of the day changes in the same way as a skater increases the speed of rotation of his body in place, pressing his arms to his sides. The earthquake in Japan shifted the mass of the Earth in such a way that the planet began to rotate a little faster. Accordingly, the length of the day was reduced,” added the NASA scientist . As for the axis of rotation of the Earth, then, as Ross explained, external forces act and influence. "Only the gravitational attraction of the Sun, the Moon and other planets can do this," he added. The specialist compared the cataclysm in Japan with last year's earthquake off the coast of Chile. It shifted the Earth's own axis by 8 cm towards 112 degrees east longitude and reduced the duration of the day by 1.26 microseconds. The length of an earthly day is 86.4 thousand seconds, or slightly less than 24 hours. Within one year, this indicator changes by about 1 millisecond (1 thousand microseconds), usually depending on seasonal variations in the distribution of masses on the planet's surface, ITAR-TASS reports. http://rus.ruvr.ru/2011/03/14/47352766.html Scientist: Earthquake in Japan will not affect the planet's climate ST. PETERSBURG, March 14. An earthquake in Japan will not affect either the planet's climate or the weather. shift earth's axis, which occurred as a result of the strongest natural collapse, will also not have any effect on subsequent processes in nature. The laureate thinks so nobel prize world, doctor of technical sciences, deputy director for science INENCO RAS, professor of climatology at St. Petersburg State University Gennady Menzhulin. As he told "Rosbalt", no problems can arise in connection with the displacement of the earth's axis. “This is a rather rare, but common thing that occurs as a result of large earthquakes,” the scientist said. “The fact that underground masses move due to circulation in the core is not a problem. It will not bring any changes in climate and weather. Japan, indeed, is unique, but the main thing is the processes of direct destruction, that is, what the earthquake and tsunami directly brought. A little bit, not a few microseconds, the earth moved - this is a fairly common, although infrequent phenomenon. There is no need to be afraid of this." http://www.rosbalt.ru/2011/03/14/828127.html A sunspot, an earthquake - is there a connection?
Comparing the current earthquake in Japan with the devastating magnitude 7 magnitude earthquake in Haiti last year, scientists use the following formula: M = 2/3 (log E - 11.8), where E is the measure of energy earthquake, calculated in joules, and M is its magnitude. The formula shows that the power of the earthquake that occurred in Japan is a thousand times higher than that year in Haiti, it became the most powerful for all Japanese history conducting observations of seismic activity. This time, the epicenter of the earthquake was in the sea at a small distance from one of the Japanese islands - Honshu, just 140 kilometers from the city with a million inhabitants of Sendai, at a distance of 370 kilometers from the largest Japanese metropolis - Tokyo. A burst of seismic activity has covered the most problematic area located in the Japanese Trench - a geological depression, the depth of which is several kilometers. In this place, two geological plates are joined - the Okhotsk and the Pacific. Japanese scientists have known for a long time what danger this zone poses to them, where one geological plate is covered by another, so professional seismological research spends a lot of time, paying attention to new technologies. The earthquake itself occurred a few days after astronomers recorded an increase in solar activity, which until then had been in a calm state for a long time. A sunspot numbered 1164 ejected a coronal mass. This substance rushed to space at a tremendous speed of 2200 km / s - emissions of such a high force have not been observed in the last six years. Some charged particles eventually managed to reach the Earth on March 8-9, which caused a powerful geological storm on our planet, and after it shook the Japanese islands. Now there are no generally accepted explanations for the causes of such earthquakes, some scientists consider solar activity to be such a factor, due to which the bowels of the planet begin to dump the long-accumulated energy of increasing temperature, deformation, and pressure. Such scientists include Kevin Martin, a meteorologist from the United States, who provides evidence of an obvious connection between seismological processes on earth and an increase in solar activity. Geophysicist Richard Gross, assessing the global scale of the Japanese earthquake, says that there was a new redistribution of masses, due to which the Earth's axis of rotation has shifted. The line along which the mass of the Earth is balanced has shifted by about 15 centimeters, due to which the planet's rotation speed has increased slightly, and the Earth's day has decreased by 1.6 milliseconds. Japan suffered not only from the earthquake itself, but also from a powerful tsunami - huge waves ten meters high covered the Japanese coastal zone, and then the tsunami quickly began to spread across the Pacific Ocean at great speed. The waves reached almost the entire coastline of the Pacific Basin - the USA, Indonesia, New Zealand, Kamchatka, but there was no large-scale catastrophe in other countries. The tragic events in Japan again raise the question of the possibility of predicting upcoming earthquakes. Although thousands of seismographs were installed in the country that recorded the approach of the disaster, they showed a surge of seismic activity only 80 seconds before the start of the tremors, when it was already impossible to evacuate the population. Such a short time can be enough to park vehicles, get out of the elevator, quickly run out of the house. The tsunami was predicted well in advance, given the timing of shocks and the appearance of huge waves, thanks to this, the governments of the countries of the Pacific Ocean basin were able to warn their populations of the approaching tsunami. The work of the seismological service of Japan is considered by the government as one of the priorities, given the country's location in the geological fault zone. Conclusions about the possible consequences of earthquakes and tsunamis were made in Kobe after a similar tragedy in 1995. As a result, Japan approved one of the highest seismic standards that are taken into account in the construction of all buildings, so the country was ready for such disasters, although such severe consequences could not be avoided. And if it was impossible to evacuate citizens during the earthquake, residents of coastal Japanese cities were warned of the approaching tsunami in time, as a result of which new victims were avoided. http://www.ufolog.ru/event/11041 Earthquake in Japan: is the moon to blame?
MOSCOW, March 11 - RIA Novosti. A change in the strength of the gravitational influence of the Sun and the Moon on the Earth, the so-called tidal forces, can in some cases serve as a "trigger" for earthquakes in the ocean, Leonid Zotov, an employee of the Gravimetry Laboratory of the Sternberg State Astronomical Institute of Moscow State University (GAISh), told RIA Novosti. In his opinion, the assumption that the upcoming unusually strong approach of the Earth and the Moon is "to blame" for the earthquake in Japan may be justified. The influence of the gravity of the Moon and the Sun raises the parts of the earth's surface facing them, forming the so-called tidal humps. Most of all, this influence affects the ocean, where water level fluctuations can reach several meters. In some cases, the influence of the Moon and the Sun "add up" and the tides become especially high. Their height is also affected by the change in distance to the Moon due to the elliptical shape of its orbit. “From the observations of large earthquakes that were in Chile, Sumatra and Haiti, it is possible to identify a certain factor, namely the influence of the tide. The fact is that these earthquakes did not occur on land, but in the ocean, and the tide in the ocean can be such a trigger mechanism," the source said. Blame the moon? Next week, on March 19, the Moon will approach the Earth at a distance of 356.6 thousand kilometers, which usually happens once every few decades. There were many reports in the press that because of this rapprochement, dubbed by journalists as a "supermoon", numerous disasters could occur. The orbit of the Moon is not exactly elliptical: the average distance from the Earth to the Moon is about 384 thousand kilometers, and its monthly fluctuations are about 5% of the average. Perturbations caused by the influence of the Sun's gravity are superimposed on this periodic motion. However, the satellite never moves away from the center of the Earth by more than 406.7 thousand kilometers and does not approach more than 356.41 thousand kilometers. This time, the satellite will approach our planet about 7 thousand kilometers closer than usual. “On this day, the Earth will indeed feel almost the maximum possible influence of the lunisolar tide ... Given that geophysicists have noticed a weak relationship between the movement of the Moon and earthquakes, one can probably expect a slight increase in the frequency of earthquakes around March 19. But there is no reason to expect something catastrophic," astronomer Vladimir Surdin from SAI told RIA Novosti on the eve. However, the catastrophic earthquake in Japan occurred almost a week before the "supermoon" expected by the press. Seismogeologist Alexander Marakhanov, head of the seismotectonic detachment of the Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth RAS, in an interview with RIA Novosti, called it unlikely that the "lunar factor" could affect events in Japan. "It's hard to imagine that this somehow affected. An earthquake is a deep tectonic process that occurs not even in the earth's crust, but in the mantle. I think this kind of influence is unlikely," the agency's interlocutor said. In his opinion, if such a connection exists, it is extremely thin. "Roughly speaking, if someone killed a butterfly in the 17th century, then in the 20th century someone did not have a daughter. There is such a class of connection. Maybe they exist, but it is very difficult, it is very difficult to connect directly," Marakhanov said.
The scientist emphasized that tectonic stresses that lead to earthquakes accumulate over a very long time. “It takes thousands of years for this accumulated tension to be discharged as a result of some kind of trigger (trigger) mechanism,” Marakhanov said. He did not rule out that some kind of gravitational influence could become such a mechanism, but this would only mean that the imminent earthquake would occur an hour or a month earlier. But there is no correct scientific data to talk about it now, he added. Voltage relief Astronomer Zotov says that the trigger mechanism for large earthquakes may not be an increase in the tidal wave, but, on the contrary, the previous strong decline sea ​​level, which leads to a decrease in water pressure on the ocean floor. The weakening of pressure can start tremors. "There is a "rollback" of water, and this is a trigger mechanism. Today was the minimum point before the highest tide in several years. It is today that we pass the minimum, and the maximum will be on March 19 when the Moon passes perigee (the point of the orbit closest to the Earth)", - said the astronomer. He added that catastrophic earthquakes in Haiti, in Chile in Sumatra and the current one in Japan occur near the full moon or new moon, at the moment of increased tide. "I am inclined to believe that the role of the tide really exists. For oceanic earthquakes, it is such a trigger. It works and unloading occurs," Zotov said. "Earthquakes that occur in the ocean in recent times, in some strange way gravitate towards full moons and new moons, and the greatest buildup of the lunisolar tide. I believe that in this case it really turns out to be a trigger (trigger),” he added. According to the scientist, observations of the displacement of the earth’s axis can become an indicator for upcoming earthquakes. such as ocean tides on the displacement of the Earth's pole, but this index, according to the coordinates of the pole, it is possible that it is possible to predict what can happen on Earth. In particular, in my opinion, this buildup of the tide, which affects the speed of the Earth's rotation, it may be associated with strong earthquakes," he said. Traditional Candidate Seismologists, however, have found a more familiar candidate for the role of "trigger" of the Japanese earthquake - another, less powerful earthquake that occurred a few days before. "About a week ago there was another earthquake, somewhat to the north. It seems to me that this was a harbinger ... It was further north, also near the island of Honshu, and it seems that there was located the edge of the focus of this very big earthquake that happened today," said Evgeny Rogozhin, deputy director for science at the Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth of the Russian Academy of Sciences. According to him, although this is a rather complicated process, the Japanese could predict it, they have one of the best networks in the world "But, unfortunately, they seem to have missed the mark, they had no forecast after this event, which happened about a week ago," the scientist added. 345756375.html Fish and birds warned Japan about terrible tragedy
In the northeast of Japan, where underground hotspots continue to occur, not only people but also animals are suffering. Scientists started talking about possible damage to nature and animals. Moreover, as it now turns out, birds and fish predicted an earthquake a few months before it happened. They tried to warn about the disaster in advance. For the past few months, Japanese fishermen have been surprisingly catching deep-sea thong-fish with nets. This long and thin ocean dweller, similar to a snake, usually does not rise to a depth of more than 200 meters. It was she who massively surfaced before the Chilean and Taiwan earthquakes last year. According to Japanese legends, the thong fish rises only to warn of an impending earthquake. Belt fish (herring king, belt body) is a pelagic (semi-deep-water) fish found in warm and temperate waters of the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans at a depth of up to 1000 meters and sometimes caught on the surface. Herring kings are found off the coast of Norway and in the southern and eastern parts of the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bJapan. The belt bodies often reach a length of 5.5 m (with a weight of 250 kg), but specimens up to 11 m long have been recorded. The fish is included in the Guinness Book of Records as the longest of the present living bony fish. Their body has a belt-like shape: with a length of 3.5 m, the width of the body can be only 5 cm. The dorsal fin begins on the head above the eye and continues to the posterior edge of the body. The fish usually swims head up, placing the body in a position close to vertical. This fish does not represent commercial value: the meat of the herring king is inedible, and even animals refuse it. Information from the site: http://fishkolpino.2x2forum.ru/t375-topic Bottom fish, especially catfish, really well feel the slightest vibration of the bottom, explains Alexander Kasumyan, professor at the Department of Ichthyology at the Faculty of Biology of Moscow State University. "Catfish are very sensitive to geomagnetic changes. There have even been attempts to use this ability to predict events. Unfortunately, this has not yet ended with good results," says Kasumyan. Those who did not have time to sail away from the Japanese coast on Friday most likely died, says Kasumyan. Great amount fish were thrown onto land, the most tender died from sulfur gases while still in the water. "The gases that pass through the water column to the atmosphere are mainly dangerous. And while they pass, some of the substances dissolve in the water. Local cases of fish death can be noted," Kasumyan explains. However, the consequences for those who survived will also be unpleasant, especially when all the garbage from the earth begins to return back to the ocean, says Nikita Kucheruk, head of the laboratory of coastal fauna at the Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. "Damage to coastal petrochemical plants, industries and the discharge of various pollutants is not very good. Various crustaceans, crabs, lobsters, molluscs, seaweed, kelp - all this has suffered. Recovery, if nothing else happens, should take from a year to five years," Kucheruk counts. Birds also suffered from the violence of the elements. In Japan, cranes traditionally winter, including those listed in the Red Book, for example, the Japanese crane. In the Land of the Rising Sun, there are many endangered sea birds - the same fish owl and crested old man, Viktor Zubakin, president of the Russian Bird Conservation Union, explains. "The tsunami can wash away the nests of seabirds located on rocky cliffs. The tsunami could also flood some feeding places for birds. Of course, if buildings were destroyed, synanthropic birds that nest on buildings could also suffer," the expert says. It is too early to talk about the consequences, according to experts. There is no clear data on which of the animals suffered. In any case, the flora and fauna of Japan did not suffer serious and irreparable losses, scientists say. Animals are smarter than people: all of them, who could, left the disaster zone before the earthquake. http://news.rambler.ru/9293369/ Shocking figures released by scientists at the University of Tokyo Posted April 15, 2011 During natural disaster On March 11, the most powerful tsunami on record hit the northeast coast of Japan. Scientists from the Tokyo Oceanographic University found that near the city of Miyako, Iwate Prefecture, the height waves reached 38.9 m. It was previously reported that the tsunami was 6 m high. Previously, the tsunami in the same prefecture of 1896, whose height was 38.2 m, was considered a record. the southern island of Ishigaki, however, scientists cannot confirm this information, since records were not yet kept. List of victims terrible earthquake of magnitude 9.0 and tsunami counts more than 28 thousand people, of them 13,538 officially confirmed dead and 14,589 missing. Experts believe that radiation from Fukushima will kill about 500,000 more people. The day before, in the 10-kilometer exclusion zone around the Fukushima-1 accident nuclear power plant, where a record high level of radiation was recorded, about 300 rescuers in protective suits began to manually sort out the rubble in the city of Namie. Searches in this area are being conducted for the first time since the evacuation. It's about about thousands of victims. At the same time, strontium was found already outside the 30-kilometer zone around the reactor. Japanese experts predict that in 30 years radioactive substances, which fell into sea water from the Fukushima-1 nuclear power plant, will spread throughout the Pacific Ocean. http://www.bagnet.org/news/summaries/one_day_of_planet/2011-04-15/123861 Earthquake in Haiti On Tuesday, January 12, 2010, off the coast of Haiti, 16 km from the capital of Port-au-Prince, the most powerful earthquake in 200 years in the Caribbean occurred with a magnitude of 7 on the Richter scale.
As a result, as reported by the media, the capital of the country, Port-au-Prince, was almost completely wiped off the face of the earth - every third house was destroyed. AT The buildings of the UN mission and the World Bank, hospitals, hotels, as well as the parliament building and the presidential palace collapsed in the city. Hundreds of people remain under the rubble of collapsed buildings, their search and rescue is complicated by the lack of rescuers. It is not yet possible to establish the exact scale of the disaster and the number of victims. According to the President of Haiti, Rene Preval,Earthquake death toll could reach 100 000 Human . Many states sent their rescuers and doctors to Haiti, including the United States, Russia, Fr Antia, Brazil, Venezuela, Cubaother. Financial assistance to the affected country was provided by the UN, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the Red Cross and other organizations. Photo courtesy of Reuters: http://www.reuters.com/article/slideshow?articleId=USTRE60B5IZ20100113#a=31 Reference information about the Republic of Haiti. The island of Haiti was discovered in 1492 by Columbus. Since that time, colonization by the French and Spaniards began, during which all local residents were destroyed and slaves were imported from Africa. As a result, by the day of independence and the establishment of republican rule in January 1804, in the western part of the island, which became known as the Republic of Haiti, three groups of people were formed: whites - 36,000 people, free mulattoes - 28,000 people and 500,000 blacks, who were up to that slaves. Since that time, the whole history of the Republic of Haiti has been revolts, dictatorships, crises. As a result of an unstable economy, the standard of living of the Haitian population is extremely low: 80% of the population lives below the poverty line. As of July 2009, 9,000,000 people lived in Haiti, with a population density of 361 people per square kilometer. The area of ​​the territory is 27,750 square kilometers. The average life expectancy of Haitians is 61 years. The capital of the Republic of Haiti is the city of Port-au-Prince. Founded by the French in 1749. According to 1995 data, 846,200 people live in it. According to UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, a third of the population of Haiti, which is 3,000,000 people, suffered from the earthquake. Harakiri civilization The fate of Japan after the catastrophe that befell it becomes a test of the strength of all mankind. How Japan, with the help of the world community, copes with the cataclysm of a gigantic and so far completely unpredictable destructive force, on what its nuclear, economic, mental consequences will be, our knowledge of the real possibilities of mankind largely depends. Japan is not only a country that is very peculiarly colored by civilization. It is also one of the pioneers of technological progress, as well as a state that has shown how it is possible to develop rapidly, combining ancient traditions and modern technocratic thinking. In a sense, it was on the example of Japan, where quite recently, by the standards of history, some one and a half centuries ago, the local population was categorically forbidden to communicate with foreigners, where an isolationist way of life reigned, we could generally judge the reality of human progress. Of course, there is no difference in the degree of tragedy of sudden, natural disasters, human losses, regardless of whether they happen in Japan or Haiti. But Haiti is a country where the level and price of human life are critically low and without natural disasters. Living like the Haitians is certainly not the ultimate dream of thinking people all over the planet. Haiti, even in its usual, catastrophic state, is an example of degradation, of a state falling out of the civilizational stream. Japan, on the other hand, is "the vanguard of mankind." One of the few countries that has embodied the features of some abstract ideal that communities of people (and perhaps, to a lesser extent, individuals) aspire to. Now we will see the collapse, or vice versa, the viability of this ideal, this intermediate peak in the development of mankind. Now, in the midst of the catastrophe, when the possible consequences of its atomic component are still unpredictable, we naturally observe, I hope, a temporary barbarization of life in Japan. None of us, finding ourselves in conditions of suddenly destroyed familiar infrastructure, lack of water, food and electricity, would behave differently. The same thing could be seen in New Orleans, washed away by a hurricane, when respectable bank clerks fought like wild animals for every piece of bread and a sip of water. Moreover, Japan, as far as one can judge from the eyewitness accounts coming from there, is a stunning example of the courage and organization of people in the face of a national nightmare that suddenly fell upon them. There is practically no looting in the country, people were quickly and in an organized manner evacuated from the zones of radiation contamination. Previous destructive earthquakes, of which there were many in Japan, did not cause such consequences also because at that time such dangerous objects as nuclear power plants. In this sense, the current tragedy looks like a retribution for technological development. If Japan manages to restore the destroyed settlements relatively quickly and painlessly, and does not allow a repeat of Chernobyl, we can talk about the chances of all mankind to survive and adapt to unpredictable or predicted global shocks. Mankind over the past millennia has constantly expanded its technological capabilities, increased pressure on nature. At the same time, the growth of humanity obviously lagged behind the technological one. Technology has not made people kinder, although it has extended their lives. And now we see how technological progress, the presence of weapons of unprecedented destructive power, sophisticated economic schemes run into natural or psychological obstacles that can in an instant cross out the achievements of decades, if not centuries. The global economic crisis of 2008 triggered a wave of apocalyptic forecasts, but the relatively quick recovery of the markets after the governments of the leading countries pumped them up with urgently printed money again plunged human civilization in a relatively good state. Meanwhile, both this crisis and the new terrorist era, which we conditionally count from September 11, 2001, and natural disasters leading to man-made ones are features of a general civilizational dead end. It is not economic and technogenic, it is mental. Terrorist attacks, economic collapses, man-made accidents are not acquisitions recent decades. But the complexity and danger of objects generated by the external, scientific and technological progress of mankind in the absence of internal progress, improvement of the nature of man himself, exhaustion natural resources, the accumulation of mountains of weapons of mass destruction have made people hostage to the current development trajectory. The centuries-old attempts of man to conquer nature or deceive it have not been successful. Nature is still stronger than us. And humanity is guaranteed to commit hara-kiri if it does not learn by solidarity efforts (of course, for now, against the backdrop of cultural, religious, political discord in the world, this sounds utopian) to cohabit with nature, to create more harmonious technological and social systems. The element of nature with one of its blows is capable of throwing even the most developed country back to the Stone Age. Understanding this should help humanity cast aside arrogance and pride, adapting to the world, developing delicately and appreciating every human life. Semyon Novoprudsky - Executive Secretary of the newspaper "Moscow News"

Today it is no secret to anyone that on all continents of our planet there is a significant increase in cataclysms and natural disasters, which are associated with cosmic cyclic processes and, as a result, global climate change. Growth in activity and frequency natural disasters on a planetary scale falls on seismic activity. Scientists around the world are concerned about the constantly changing data on the increase in the number of earthquakes. Not only their number is growing, but also the intensity, location, nature of destructive actions.

Thus, an area of ​​special attention for scientific direction climate geoengineering and the entire world community today are two points on different hemispheres of the globe - the Yellowstone caldera in the USA and the Aira caldera in Japan. These are two huge underground volcanoes, standing at the junction of lithospheric plates. According to scientists, the activation of one of them can lead to the subsequent activation of the other, and this is not only a large-scale eruption, but also earthquakes, tsunamis and other consequences. The scale of such a global catastrophe is difficult to assess.

This and other important issues of early warning of people about impending cataclysms were openly stated in 2014 by the world community of ALLATRA SCIENCE scientists in the report “On Problems and Consequences global change climate on earth. Effective ways to solve these problems.

Earthquake.

According to official terminology, an earthquake is a vibration of the earth's surface or underground points, which are a reflection of the internal geological changes of the planet. This effect is based on the displacement of tectonic plates, which lead to breaks. earth's crust and robes. As a result, oscillatory movements, depending on the intensity of the process, can extend to long distances, bringing with it not only a destructive effect on social infrastructure, but also a threat to people's lives.

This issue deals with a special science - seismology. Several areas are being actively studied, including: deepening in knowledge of what seismic activity is in its essence and what it is connected with, possible forecasting of these natural disasters, for timely warning and evacuation of people. Like any other science, seismology can actively develop only in mutually beneficial symbiosis with other sciences (physics, history, biology, geophysics, etc.), since the fundamental basis for all knowledge on our planet is, of course, common.

Seismic activity online and in the world.

Seismic monitoring is developing in most countries, regardless of the territory, frequency and threat of earthquake development. In addition, a seismic monitor is one of the fundamental factors in the development and preservation of the integrity of energy industry facilities. Almost every person on the planet today is an active consumer of electricity. Therefore, power plants are located in all countries and on all continents, including the zone of increased seismic hazard. The action of such a destructive force of nature is fraught not only with an energy catastrophe, but also with global environmental problems.

In order to control seismic processes (earthquakes), study them and warn the public in advance about their occurrence, seismic stations are built in designated areas. All the necessary characteristics of tremors are studied - the magnitude, location and depth of the source.

Earthquakes online.

For all people, thanks to Internet technologies, data is also available today: “earthquakes online”. This is the so-called earthquake map, which provide information about tremors around the world around the clock.

Active participants of ALLATRA International Public Movement have developed the most complete map of seismic activity, which displays objective data from world information portals and seismic monitoring stations. Informing the public and awareness of the processes taking place on the planet, their causes and consequences is the main task of this project.

Today, each person can observe a significant increase in abnormal weather changes, natural disasters, and cataclysms. The active participation of all people, unity, mutual assistance and friendship, the prevalence of true moral and spiritual values ​​in society is the key to the survival of civilization in the future.

An increase in magnitude by 1.0 corresponds to an increase in the amplitude of oscillations by 10 times and an increase in energy by about 32 times (1). Accordingly, 32 earthquakes of magnitude 7 are equal to an earthquake of magnitude 8 (in terms of energy in joules).

Earthquake data for the United States is taken from the site http://earthquake.usgs.gov/ear... .

I was interested to see the increase in the number of earthquakes and the increase in energy.

The magnitude is calculated using the formula:

M = 2/3 * (lg E - 4.8),

where E is the earthquake energy in joules (1).

Accordingly, the energy of the earthquake:

E = 10^(3*M/2+4.8).

The most interesting zones in the USA:

Cascadia zone in Washington and Oregon

California Fault (San Andreas Fault, Long Valley Supervolcano)

Oklahoma Fault

Supervolcano Yellowstone in Wyoming

Oklahoma Fault

Data of all earthquakes on the Oklahoma Fault for the period 2001-2016:

The number of earthquakes has been on the rise since 2006. A strong increase in the energy and number of earthquakes began in 2009.

Earthquake data:

November is the most active month in terms of energy and earthquakes.

During 2001-2015, 8206 earthquakes occurred on the Oklahoma Fault, with a total energy of 4.2249E + 13 joules.

Cascadia zone

The area of ​​earthquake statistics is shown in this picture:

Data of all earthquakes in the Cascadia zone for the period 2001-2016:

Energy drops after peaking in 2005. Since 13, a sharp increase in the number of earthquakes.

Earthquake data by months for the period from 2001-2015:

The peak of energy falls on the month of February.

Supervolcano Yellowstone

The area of ​​earthquake statistics is shown in this picture (150 km radius from the volcano calcadera):

Data of all earthquakes (within a radius of 150 km from the Calcadera) for the period 2001-2016:

Since 13, a sharp increase in the number of earthquakes. The energy of earthquakes is falling.

Earthquake data (within a radius of 150 km from the Calcadera) by months for the period from 2001-2015:

The peak of energy is in March and December.

California Fault

The area of ​​earthquake statistics is shown in this picture:

Earthquake data (magnitude >2) for the period 2001-2016:

Decline in energy and increase in the number of earthquakes on the California fault.

Earthquake data (magnitude >2) by months for the period from 2001-2015:

The highest activity of released energy falls on February.

General statistics for the USA

The area of ​​earthquake statistics is shown in this picture:

Specially expanded the area on the map to capture the Cascadia zone.

Data for 2015

In total, in 2015, 61,965 earthquakes occurred in the United States with a total energy of 1.00786E + 15 joules. Of these, 8753 earthquakes of magnitude >2 with a total energy of 9.18E+14 (10 atomic bombs power as they dropped on Nagasaki).

Data for 2016 year for all earthquakes in the USA:

The number of earthquakes and energies (according to the site) is less than last year for the same period.

Earthquake data magnitude > 2 for the period 2001-2016:

Earthquake data magnitude > 2 by months for the period from 2001-2016:

2005 and 2010 kicked up June.

The total energy from 2001 to 2016 with magnitude >2 is 2.33E+16 (265 atomic bombs were dropped on Nagasaki).

In 2016, the number of earthquakes and their energy is less than in the previous year of the same period.

The energy of earthquakes is growing, this can be seen from the trend line, although at the moment there is a decline. If the trend continues, there should be a surge.

Earthquakes are on the rise, faster than energy. Since the early 2000s and over the past 2 years, the number of earthquakes has quadrupled.

Please note that since 2010 there has been a decline in energy and an increase in the number of earthquakes. This trend continues in 2016.

The greatest activity occurs in April and August.

Most of the energy is released in the Cascadia zone (8.72077E+15) and on the California Fault (7.07154E+15). Then comes the Oklahoma Fault (4.2249E+13) and the Yellowstone Fault (9.18929E+12).

Compare the Cascadia zone and Yellowstone.

At 18.14 local time (21.14 Moscow time) an Earthquake with a magnitude of 7.1 was recorded. The epicenter was located 49 km southwest of the city of Puebla de Zaragoza and 8 km from the village of Tepeochuma. The source of the earthquake lay at a depth of 60 km. Powerful tremors from the earthquake in southern Mexico were felt in the capital, Mexico City. As a result of the earthquake, fires broke out, buildings collapsed, people were trapped under the rubble.

On September 8, an earthquake of magnitude 8.2 was recorded in Mexico. The epicenter was located 119 kilometers southwest of Tres Picos. The source of the earthquake lay at a depth of 33 kilometers. It was followed by an aftershock of magnitude 5.7. Pacific Tsunami Warning Center about the threat of destructive waves.

Earthquakes have become 95 people.

At 21.19 local time (16.19 Moscow time) in Jiuzhaigou County in Ngawa Tibetan Qiang autonomous region Sichuan province hit by a magnitude 7 earthquake.

After that, more than 1.7 thousand aftershocks were recorded. As a result of the earthquake, people were killed and injured.

There were tremors of magnitude 6.6. The epicenter of the earthquake was located near the resort town of Bodrum in southwestern Turkey and the Greek island of Kos. The earthquake in Greece killed two people, another 120 were injured. Also, some sights and infrastructure facilities were destroyed on the island.

There are about 80 people in Turkey from the elements.

An earthquake of magnitude 6.6 occurred, the epicenter was located near the city of Tajumulco on the border with Mexico. More than 40 buildings were partially destroyed. Five people were killed in the disaster varying degrees about 600 others were affected.

An earthquake with a magnitude of 5.8 occurred near the border of Iran and Turkmenistan. The epicenter of the tremors was located north of the Iranian city of Bojnourd. At least three people were killed and another 225 were injured.

(XUAR) China hit by an earthquake of magnitude 5.5. The epicenter of the earthquake lay at a depth of eight kilometers. 1.52 thousand buildings were destroyed. Local authorities evacuated 9.2 thousand people from the affected areas. Eight people were killed in the earthquake and 23 others were injured. A total of 12,000 local residents were affected.

Tremors of magnitude 6.1 were recorded 94 kilometers southeast of Mashhad in northeastern Iran. The hearth lay at a depth of 10 kilometers. Four villages at the epicenter of the earthquake were destroyed.

One person, 34 were injured.

An earthquake of magnitude 6.7 hit the southern province of the Philippines. Eight people died and more than 200 were injured. More than a thousand houses suffered damage of varying degrees.

An earthquake of magnitude 5.1 hit southern Iran. Four people died and four more were injured. The dead were citizens of Afghanistan who worked on local farms.

2016

In Ecuador, in the province of Esmeraldas, a series of earthquakes occurred, the magnitude of which reached 5.9.

Three people died and 47 were injured. At least 10 houses were destroyed. Several hotels collapsed in the resort town of Atacames.

A magnitude 6.5 quake occurred off the northern part of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. The source of the earthquake lay at a depth of ten kilometers. The quake destroyed many mosques, public places and houses.

92 people died, about 500 victims were taken to hospitals.

A powerful earthquake of magnitude 7.4 occurred at dawn (around midnight Moscow time) in eastern Japan. Its epicenter was located off the coast of Fukushima, the focus lay at a depth of ten kilometers. Medical assistance was required for several residents who received minor injuries.

The earthquake caused a fire in the laboratory of the chemical corporation Kureha and led to a halt in production, including at Nissan Motor Company. The Fukushima 2 nuclear power plant had a cooling system in spent fuel tanks.

An earthquake with a magnitude of 7.9 triggered a tsunami. Following it, more than 400 aftershocks were recorded. Two people died.

There were seriously buildings and bridges on the east coast of the South Island.

A strong earthquake occurred in central Italy. The website of the European Mediterranean Seismological Center (EMSC) reported that the epicenter of the earthquake was at a depth of 10 kilometers, its magnitude was 6.6. According to the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology, the magnitude was 6.5.

Were recorded in about 100 settlements of four Italian regions - Marche, Umbria, Lazio and Abruzzo, about 40 thousand people were left without a roof over their heads.

20 people were injured.

There was an earthquake with a magnitude of 5.4. After that, about 550 tremors of various strengths were recorded in central Italy within two days. As a result of the earthquake, serious damage occurred in many cities and villages of central Italy, and the greatest damage was caused to 20 settlements in the province of Macerata, where about five thousand people were left homeless. About ten people were injured and shell-shocked.

There was an earthquake with a magnitude of 5.7. The epicenter of the earthquake was located 23 kilometers from the village of Nsunga. The hearth lay at a depth of 10 kilometers. At least 16 people were killed and another 253 were injured. As a result of the earthquake, 840 buildings were destroyed, including 44 state institutions, and telecommunications were disrupted. The earthquake was felt in Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda and Kenya.

An earthquake of magnitude 6.8 hit central Myanmar. Its epicenter was located 19 kilometers west of the city of Chau. The source lay at a depth of 91 kilometers.

In the ancient capital of Myanmar, the city of Bagan, known for its 2,500 Buddhist temples built in the 11th-14th centuries, there are 400 temple buildings.

A strong earthquake of magnitude 6.0 occurred in the central part of Italy. Destruction was recorded in three areas: Lazio, Marche and Umbria. Ground wobbles were felt in many Italian cities, including Rome, Florence and Bologna.

The natural disaster killed 299 people, injured several hundred people and left more than three thousand people without a roof over their heads.

An earthquake of magnitude 5.4 has hit southern Peru. The epicenter of the earthquake was located 3.1 kilometers east of the city of Koporak.

Earthquake four people were killed, 68 were injured. 132 houses became uninhabitable after the disaster, 556 buildings were partially destroyed.

An earthquake of magnitude 6.5 struck off the coast of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. The epicenter of the tremors was located 91 km west of the city of Sungaipenukh. The source of the earthquake lay at a depth of 50.8 kilometers. As a result of the earthquake, 14 people were injured, several buildings collapsed.

An earthquake of magnitude 6.7 has hit western Ecuador. The epicenter of the earthquake was located 34 kilometers west of the city of Rosa Zarate and 155 kilometers west of the country's capital, Quito. The source of tremors lay at a depth of 32.4 kilometers. Six people were injured in the earthquake.

On the same day, a second earthquake of magnitude 6.8 occurred. The epicenter of the tremors was located 29 kilometers southwest of the city of Rosa Zarate and 139 kilometers northwest of the country's capital, Quito. Their hearth lay at a depth of 68 kilometers.

An earthquake of magnitude 5.5 hit the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. The epicenter of the tremors lay at a depth of 7 kilometers. More than 60 people were injured. As a result of the earthquake, houses, bridges and roads were destroyed.

There was an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.8. Its epicenter was located 28 kilometers southeast of the settlement of Muisne. The source of the earthquake lay at a depth of 20.2 kilometers. 663 people died, 12.5 thousand were injured and injured, infrastructure was destroyed in the provinces of Manabi, Esmeraldas, Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas, Guayas, Santa Elena and Los Rios.

Since the evening of April 14 on the Japanese island of Kyushu with a magnitude of up to 7.3 on the Richter scale, causing massive destruction of houses and bridges, landslides and displacement of soil with damage to roads and railways. In total, about 500 tremors were recorded. Only in Kumamoto Prefecture, about 400 houses were completely destroyed, 1262 buildings were partially damaged. More than 40 people were killed, more than a thousand people were injured.

The earthquake was recorded 50 kilometers south of the city of Ashkasham in the Hindu Kush region of Afghanistan. The source lay at a depth of 211 kilometers. The magnitude was 6.8. The tremors were felt in the provinces of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab. They lasted about three minutes, the inhabitants of the provinces left the buildings. Tremors were reported in the cities of Lahore, the capital of Pakistan, Islamabad, Peshawar, Swat, Chitral, Mardan, Kohat, and also in Pakistani Kashmir. Residual shocks also in northern India and Afghanistan.

In Peshawar (Pakistan) due to the earthquake at least six people, about 28 were injured.

An earthquake of magnitude 7.8 occurred in Indian Ocean west of the Indonesian island of Sumatra and caused panic on the island. The epicenter of the tremor was 682 kilometers southwest of Mentaway Island, off the northwest coast of Sumatra. The source lay at a depth of only ten kilometers under the surface of the Indian Ocean.

An earthquake of magnitude 6.4 (originally estimated at 6.7) hit the southern part of the island of Taiwan. Aftershocks were recorded 25 kilometers south of the city of Yujing. The source was located at a depth of 10 kilometers. As a result of the earthquake, the city of Tainan suffered the most. 36 people became victims of the natural disaster.

An earthquake of magnitude 7 occurred in Kamchatka on the territory of the Elizovsky municipal district, 87 kilometers northeast of Petropavlovsk Kamchatsky at a depth of 189 kilometers. The earthquake was felt in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky with a magnitude of up to 5 points, and tremors were also felt by residents of the settlements of Elizovsky, Milkovsky, Ust-Kamchatsky districts and ZATO Vilyuchinsk. According to rescuers, there is no damage, no one was hurt.

An earthquake of magnitude 6.7 hit northern Japan. Its center lay at a depth of 50 kilometers near the southern coast of Hokkaido. Tremors up to magnitude 5 were felt in 13 Japanese prefectures. Two people were hurt.

An earthquake of magnitude 6.7 occurred in the north-east of India in the state of Manipur near the border with Myanmar. Its epicenter was located 29 kilometers west of the state capital, Imphal. The source of the earthquake lay at a depth of 55 kilometers. Natural disaster killed nine people, injured about 200, about two thousand people lost their homes.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources

On May 28, 1995, at 01:04 local time, an earthquake occurred on the northeast coast of Sakhalin Island. At the epicenter, the strength of the shocks, according to various estimates, reached 8-10 points.

According to the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the earthquake on Sakhalin was the most destructive in Russia over the past 100 years. Its influence was felt everywhere - in the north of the island and in many points of the adjacent part of the mainland. The city of Okha (6_7 points) and the villages of Sabo, Tungor (7 points), Nogliki, Moskalvo, Kolendo (5 points), Ekhabi, Vostochny_1, Nekrasovka (5_6 points) suffered. But the earthquake caused the most severe consequences in the city of Neftegorsk, which was located 25-30 km west of the epicenter of the main shock.

This city was located 90 km south of Okha and was conceived as a shift camp for oil producers. The construction of the city began in 1964. For 30 years, 17 five-story 80-apartment residential buildings, 4 two-story brick and large-block houses, a one-story cottage for 3 families, 4 two-story kindergartens, a school, etc. were built in it. At the time of the disaster, 3197 people lived in the city.

As a result of the earthquake, almost all buildings and structures were completely destroyed. Five-story houses, designed for a 6-point load, simply collapsed under their own weight. The houses did not collapse immediately, so those of the people who had not yet had time to fall asleep or quickly assessed the situation managed to jump out of the windows. The day before, the last bell rang at the Neftegorsk school. Of the 26 graduates, 9 survived.

Within a day after the earthquake, units of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation were transferred there, on the same day a government commission was formed to eliminate the consequences of the disaster. The scale of the tragedy required the use of 25 aircraft, 24 helicopters and 66 vehicles. Already on the fourth day, the number of vehicles increased to 267 units. Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Khabarovsk search and rescue services, the military worked in the city. In total, 1,500 people took part in the work to eliminate the consequences of the earthquake. It was then that the rescuers first used "5 minutes of silence" for every hour when all the equipment froze, all work and conversations stopped.

Rescuers pulled 2364 people out of the rubble, but for the majority, medical care was powerless. In total, 2040 people died in the city.

According to some estimates, the economic damage from destruction in Neftegorsk alone amounted to 400 billion rubles in 1995 prices.

On the site of the village of Neftegorsk, which it was decided not to restore, a memorial and a chapel were built, a cemetery is located nearby, where the dead are buried.

• On May 28, 2000, on the fifth anniversary of the tragedy, a monument to the victims was erected in the city of Yuzhno_Sakhalinsk.
• On August 5, 2000, a strong earthquake measuring 6.7 on the Richter scale occurred on the territory of the Uglegorsk district (Sakhalin region). Then the building was damaged, landslides hit the roads.
• On September 27, 2003, an earthquake occurred in six southern regions of the Altai Republic. At the epicenter, the strength of the main shock was 7.3 magnitudes. After that, a series of new earthquakes of lesser strength was noted in the republic. Tremors were also recorded in Novosibirsk region, Krasnoyarsk Territory and Eastern Kazakhstan. The greatest destruction occurred in the Kosh-Agachsky, Ulagansky, Shebalinsky and Ongudaysky districts of the Altai Republic. There were no casualties (several people received minor injuries), but the earthquake caused serious damage to the republic, which amounted to more than 1 billion rubles.
• On October 11, 2008, an earthquake measuring more than 5 on the Richter scale occurred in the North Caucasus. The Republic of Chechnya became the epicenter, where 13 people died and more than 100 were injured. Earth tremors were also felt in North Ossetia, Dagestan, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Stavropol Territory, South Ossetia and Georgia.
• December 27, 2011 in Tuva there was an earthquake with a magnitude of about 8 points and a magnitude of up to 6.7 at the epicenter. The epicenter of the earthquake was located in the Kaa-Khem region of Tuva, 120 kilometers east of Kyzyl. The echoes of the earthquake were felt in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Altai, Khakassia and the Tomsk Region. According to preliminary data, the earthquake did not lead to casualties and destruction.

At the end of May 2013, a series of tangible earthquakes occurred in Kamchatka - there were 43 in total. The most powerful earthquake happened on May 24th. Its center was located under the bottom of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk at a depth of about 600 kilometers. In Petropavlovsk, the earthquake was felt with a magnitude of 5, and in some areas, perhaps 6 points. The echoes of this seismic event were felt throughout Russia. Houses shook even in a number of districts of Moscow. According to experts, the Kamchatka earthquake was felt in the capital for the first time in the history of observations.

20% of the territory of Russia belongs to seismically active regions (including 5% of the territory is subject to extremely dangerous 8-10 magnitude earthquakes).

Over the past quarter century, about 30 significant earthquakes have occurred in Russia, that is, with a force of more than seven points on the Richter scale.