Seismic monitoring or earthquake map online in the world. How California Prepares for the Big Earthquake September 27th California Earthquake

Today it is no secret to anyone that on all continents of our planet there is a significant increase in cataclysms and natural Disasters, which are associated with cosmic cyclical processes and, as a result, global climate change. Growth in activity and frequency natural disasters on a planetary scale falls on seismic activity. Scientists around the world are concerned about the constantly changing data on the increase in the number of earthquakes. Not only their number is growing, but also the intensity, location, nature of destructive actions.

Thus, an area of special attention for scientific direction climate geoengineering and the entire world community today are two points on different hemispheres of the globe - the Yellowstone caldera in the USA and the Aira caldera in Japan. These are two huge underground volcano standing not at the junction of lithospheric plates. According to scientists, the activation of one of them can lead to the subsequent activation of the other, and this is not only a large-scale eruption, but also earthquakes, tsunamis and other consequences. The scale of such global catastrophe difficult to assess.

This and other important issues of early warning of people about impending cataclysms were openly stated in 2014 by the world community of ALLATRA SCIENCE scientists in the report “On Problems and Consequences global change climate on earth. Effective ways to solve these problems.

Earthquake.

According to official terminology, an earthquake is a vibration of the earth's surface or underground points, which are a reflection of the internal geological changes of the planet. This effect is based on the displacement of tectonic plates, which lead to breaks. earth's crust and robes. Consequently, oscillatory movements, depending on the intensity of the process, can extend to long distances, bringing with it not only a destructive effect on social infrastructure, but also a threat to people's lives.

This issue deals with a special science - seismology. Several areas are being actively studied, including: deepening in knowledge of what seismic activity is in its essence and what it is connected with, possible forecasting of these natural disasters, for timely warning and evacuation of people. Like any other science, seismology can actively develop only in mutually beneficial symbiosis with other sciences (physics, history, biology, geophysics, etc.), since the fundamental basis for all knowledge on our planet is, of course, common.

Seismic activity online and in the world.

Seismic monitoring is developing in most countries, regardless of the territory, frequency and threat of earthquake development. In addition, a seismic monitor is one of the fundamental factors in the development and preservation of the integrity of energy industry facilities. Almost every person on the planet today is an active consumer of electricity. Therefore, power plants are located in all countries and on all continents, including the zone of increased seismic hazard. The action of such a destructive force of nature is fraught not only with an energy catastrophe, but also with global environmental problems.

In order to control seismic processes (earthquakes), study them and warn the public in advance about their occurrence, seismic stations are built in designated areas. All the necessary characteristics of tremors are studied - the magnitude, location and depth of the source.

Earthquakes online.

For all people, thanks to Internet technologies, data is also available today: “earthquakes online”. This is the so-called earthquake map, which provide information about tremors around the world around the clock.

Active participants of ALLATRA International Public Movement have developed the most complete map seismic activity, which displays objective data from world information portals and seismic monitoring stations. Informing the public and awareness of the processes taking place on the planet, their causes and consequences is the main task of this project.

Today, each person can observe a significant increase in abnormal weather changes, natural disasters, and cataclysms. The active participation of all people, unity, mutual assistance and friendship, the prevalence of true moral and spiritual values in society is the key to the survival of civilization in the future.

Today it is no secret to anyone that on all continents of our planet there is a significant increase in cataclysms and natural disasters, which are associated with cosmic cyclic processes and, as a result, global climate change. The increase in activity and frequency of natural disasters on a planetary scale falls on seismic activity. Scientists around the world are concerned about the constantly changing data on the increase in the number of earthquakes. Not only their number is growing, but also the intensity, location, nature of destructive actions.

So, the area of special attention for the scientific direction of climate geoengineering and the entire world community today are two points on different hemispheres of the globe - the Yellowstone caldera in the USA and the Aira caldera in Japan. These are two huge underground volcanoes, standing at the junction of lithospheric plates. According to scientists, the activation of one of them can lead to the subsequent activation of the other, and this is not only a large-scale eruption, but also earthquakes, tsunamis and other consequences. The scale of such a global catastrophe is difficult to assess.

This and other important issues of early warning of people about impending cataclysms were openly stated in 2014 by the world community of ALLATRA SCIENCE scientists in the report “On the Problems and Consequences of Global Climate Change on Earth. Effective ways to solve these problems.

Earthquake.

According to the official terminology, an earthquake is a shaking of the earth's surface or underground points, which are a reflection of the internal geological changes of the planet. This effect is based on the displacement of tectonic plates, which lead to ruptures of the earth's crust and mantle. As a result, oscillatory movements, depending on the intensity of the process, can spread over long distances, bringing with them not only a destructive effect on social infrastructure, but also a threat to people's lives.

Seismic activity online and in the world.

Earthquakes online.

Active participants of ALLATRA International Public Movement have developed the most complete map of seismic activity, which displays objective data from world information portals and seismic monitoring stations. Informing the public and awareness of the processes taking place on the planet, their causes and consequences is the main task of this project.

The aftermath of the earthquake in Mexico, which occurred on September 19, clearly showed the Californians what can happen to the inhabitants of the state if no action is taken.

Company Alpha Structural, located in Los Angeles, is refurbishing the ground floor of a pre-1978 wood-framed residential complex. Thicker steel beams and columns, reinforcement and more stable partitions are installed here.

Numerous destroyed buildings in Mexico City have become a stark reminder of what must happen in California. “Every 20-25 years there is a big earthquake in Los Angeles,” says Mark Shlaich, vice president of technology at Alpha Structural. It has been 23 years since the 6.7 magnitude Northridge earthquake hit the city in 1994. "Statistically, it's getting closer," Shlaich added.

Reducing the number of buildings that can collapse

In a 2008 study, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) determined that the probability of an earthquake of magnitude 6.7 or more in California over the next 30 years exceeds 99%. An earthquake along the San Andreas Fault in Southern California could kill up to 1,800 people. The study notes that 53,000 people could be affected by the earthquake, and the damage will reach $ 214 billion. In October 2015, Los Angeles officials took the most drastic action in the country, demanding that some 14,000 buildings be strengthened to withstand a massive earthquake.

The only problem with the upgrades in Los Angeles, seismologists say, is the cost of the process, which is too slow and is expected to be completed in 2022.

San Francisco passed a similar retrofit law in 2013. This process was divided into four stages. The last stage of modernization will end in 2018.

"Efforts to upgrade buildings in the city will undoubtedly change state damage estimates," says geophysicist Doug Daig, who serves as the earthquake early warning coordinator for the USGS.

Development of an earthquake early warning system

There is another tool that will save lives and reduce costs as a result of an earthquake.

The Earthquake Early Warning System - EEW - is the best available technology that gives seconds - sometimes minutes - of an approaching earthquake.

The system could use seismometers hidden underground to detect critical moments before they spread to all areas. And sensors located all over the West Coast will record this data in real time.

Those 30-60 seconds can make a big difference, engineer says Caltech and professor. Children may have time to jump under tables or move to a safer place at school; or trains may stop.

“This system should provide as much as possible more information to make the best decisions during an earthquake,” says Heaton.

As for the earthquake in Mexico, the early warning system informed people about it 30 seconds before the start. This allowed them to leave buildings or move to safer parts.

Mexico installed a reliable warning system after the 1985 earthquake. Nearly 5,000 people died then.

An early warning system has also been in place in Japan for decades. Today, mobile phones and school alarms ring in unison when an earthquake is about to strike.

But in the United States, an early warning system is under development due to federal funding constraints.

The USGS says that only 40% of the required sensors for the EEW system are in the ground.

What's stopping

“We only have two-thirds of our annual operating funds,” says David Heaton. “We are trying to create a system with a limited flow of funding.”

“I can’t help but think about Mexico City and the people who died under the rubble… We don’t want to see the same situation here,” he says. "I'm afraid we'll regret not doing it when we had the chance."

USGS and Seismological Laboratory Caltech started the EEW study in 2006 with a weak budget, relying on federal funding and some private donations. In 2012, they created a beta version of the system, and released a pilot program earlier this year.

This year, due to a lack of national urgency for EEW, the Trump administration did not initially plan to release funding for the USGS EEW system. Following demands from members of Congress, USGS EEW pre-funding has been restored to $10.2 million this year. The State of California also provided $10 million last year for the development of the EEW system.

But the USGS says the EEW system will cost roughly $38 million to build and $16 million a year to operate and maintain.

“It's frustrating,” Heaton says. “If you look at other countries, they got freedom and a message after big earthquakes. We would like to do this before everything happens."

Attention to the disasters of other countries and political priorities - as one of the reasons for the slow deployment of the EEW system.

Using the example of Mexico City, Heaton explains what would happen if a 7.6 earthquake hit Southern California.

“You will see hundreds of old reinforced concrete frame buildings fall,” he says. “You will see the collapse of many tall buildings built before 1995. We might even see the collapse of modern high-rise buildings. It could be a very bad scenario."

If a big earthquake hits Los Angeles, more than 100,000 people — even as many as 300,000 people — could be displaced, said Aram Sahakyan, general manager of the Los Angeles Department of Emergency Management.

As cities and states struggle to prepare for an earthquake, seismologists and city officials are also advising residents to prepare for themselves.

“You, your family and your neighbors should be prepared to not get an answer if you call 911. You should be able to survive on your own for hours or days,” says Aram Sahakyan.

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On July 4, 2019, one of the strongest earthquakes in California occurred, which caused fires, downed power lines, broken water pipes and cracked buildings. After the emergency was declared, seismologists who study the causes of earthquakes recorded another 3,000 other tremors. According to them, about 30,000 more earthquakes will occur in the United States in the coming days.

The first tremor occurred at 10 am, 196 kilometers from the California city of Los Angeles. As a result of this earthquake, no one was injured, but a day later there was a stronger shock with a magnitude of 7.1. It turned out to be more destructive - about 200,000 people were left without electricity. There were also reports of casualties.

The strongest earthquake in California

This earthquake is the strongest in the history of California over the past 20 years. The last shock of magnitude 7.1 was recorded in the south of the state back in 1999, but at that time, fortunately, no one was injured from it. However, the victims of the earthquake were many in 1994, when about 40,000 buildings were destroyed due to tremors, 20,000 people were left homeless, more than 7,000 people were injured and about 60 residents of the city died.

Luckily, this time there was no major damage. Experts believe that in the coming days they will be able to record up to 30,000 tremors, but their strength will be much less than that of the main one. Everything will end with the earth trembling with a minimum magnitude that can only be detected with the help of special instruments. Californians won't even notice them.

Video of the earthquake in California

Although the incident did not cause much damage, residents of Los Angeles and nearby cities were frightened in earnest. Someone had an emergency right during a theatrical performance, where all the actors and spectators had to run out of the shaking building in a panic. Someone at this time was at work, and dodging goods falling from the shelves.

The owners of the houses, which were covered with noticeable cracks, received little damage. Some rooms will also have to be renovated inside, because the vibrations have blown paintings off the walls and clearly damaged the floor and walls. The destruction of the foundation of some structures completely led to the fact that they were bent.

An earthquake destroyed a house in California

Also, the effects of the earthquake can be seen in the Mojave Desert, which is covered with deep cracks.

Earthquake in California: latest news

After a series of earthquakes, the people of California began to worry about another, stronger shock. According to the US Geological Survey, people have nothing to worry about - the likelihood of another strong earthquake extremely small. Experts reinforced their opinion by the fact that catastrophic earthquakes occur only after a long period of seismic activity, and in California in recent times there was a long lull.

Also, some people began to fear that tremors could trigger the eruption of the Yellowstone supervolcano. It is believed that such a catastrophe could cause a long winter, during which humanity will not be able to grow plants and begin to starve. Scientists again believe that people are worried in vain, because for an eruption, the volcanic magma must be melted by 50%, and this moment it is melted by a maximum of 15%.

yellowstone supervolcano

What causes earthquakes?

The main cause of tremors is considered to be the movement of tectonic plates, which are constantly in motion blocks that make up the Earth's shell. They are set in motion during temperature changes in the bowels of the planet - when heated, the plates rise up, and when cooled, they fall down.

Where do most earthquakes occur?

One of the most earthquake-affected places on Earth, oddly enough, is California. It is located on the territory of the so-called San Andreas Fault - a 1300-kilometer intersection of the Pacific and North American tectonic plates. Earthquakes in this region can occur at any time, so it can be said that all 39 million Californians are constantly risking their lives.

San Andreas Fault

The record holder for the number of destructive earthquakes is still Japan. One of the very first such disasters was recorded back in 869 - it was accompanied by a tsunami and was officially called the Jogan-Sanriku earthquake. The number of victims was about 1000 people.

One of the most recent major earthquakes is the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. The magnitude of the tremors reached 9.1 points - the resulting tsunami affected the United States, Canada and even Russia. During this disaster, 15,896 people died, 6,157 were injured, and 2,536 are considered missing.

Aftermath of the 2011 Japan earthquake

One of the most serious earthquakes in modern history happened in Armenia on December 7, 1988. Strong tremors of magnitude up to 7.2 destroyed almost the entire northern part of the republic, where about 1 million people lived. The disaster claimed the lives of 25 thousand people, 514 thousand local residents were left without a home, and 140 thousand people became disabled.

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