1. Childhood
Nekrasov Nikolai Alekseevich was born on December 28, 1821 in the quiet town of the Podolsk province of Nemirovo, where that year the regiment was temporarily located in which his father, Nekrasov Alexei Sergeyevich, who came from a family of small estate nobles, served.
Childhood years were spent in the village of Greshnev, in the family estate of his father, a man of a despotic character, who oppressed not only serfs, but also his family, which the future poet witnessed. Perhaps that is why in the works of Nekrasov one can discern notes of pity for his own mother. The poet's mother, an educated woman, was his first teacher, she instilled in him a love for literature, for the Russian language.
2. Youth
In 1832 - 1837 Nekrasov studied at the Yaroslavl gymnasium. Then he began to write poetry.
At the age of 17 he moved to St. Petersburg, but, refusing to devote himself to a military career, as his father insisted, he was deprived of material support. In 1838, against the will of his father, the future poet tries to enter the university. Unable to pass the entrance exams, he decided to become a volunteer and attended lectures at the Faculty of Philology for two years. The disasters that befell Nekrasov were subsequently reflected in his poems and the unfinished novel The Life and Adventures of Tikhon Trostnikov.
In order not to die of hunger, he began to write poetry commissioned by booksellers. At this time, he met V. Belinsky. Soon, Nekrasov's affairs "went uphill", he gives lessons, writes short articles for local newspapers, which even allows him to save money).
3. Literary and journalistic activity
The affairs of Nikolai Alekseevich went so successfully that in 1847 Nekrasov and Panaev acquired the Sovremennik magazine, founded by A. S. Pushkin. The influence of the magazine grew every year, until in 1862 the government suspended its publication, and then completely banned the magazine. That year, Nekrasov acquired the Karabikha estate, not far from Yaroslavl, where he came every summer, spending time hunting and talking with friends from the people.
After the closure of the Sovremennik magazine, Nekrasov acquired the right to publish Fatherland Notes, with which the last ten years of his life were associated. During these years, he worked on the poem "To whom it is good to live in Russia" (1866 - 76), wrote poems about the Decembrists and their wives ("Grandfather", 1870; "Russian Women", 1871 - 72). In addition, he created a series of satirical works, the top of which was the poem "Contemporaries" (1875).
4. Illness
But the euphoria from a good life did not last long, because already in 1850 the writer became very ill (medics even predicted his imminent death), but a trip to Italy significantly improved Nekrasov's health. In 1875, Nekrasov was diagnosed with intestinal cancer, after which the writer's life turned into a slow departure to another world. It was in the period before his death that Nekrasov, having received support from loved ones, took up creativity with renewed vigor. Nikolai Alekseevich died in December 1877. The funeral of this extraordinary, but undoubtedly great personality in Russian literature, was organized by numerous fans and took place at the Novodevichy cemetery.

1. Childhood
Nekrasov Nikolai Alekseevich was born on December 28, 1821 in the quiet town of the Podolsk province of Nemirovo, where that year the regiment was temporarily located in which his father, Nekrasov Alexei Sergeyevich, who came from a family of small estate nobles, served.
Childhood years were spent in the village of Greshnev, in the family estate of his father, a man of a despotic character, who oppressed not only serfs, but also his family, which the future poet witnessed. Perhaps that is why in the works of Nekrasov one can discern notes of pity for his own mother. The poet's mother, an educated woman, was his first teacher, she instilled in him a love for literature, for the Russian language.
2. Youth
In 1832 - 1837 Nekrasov studied at the Yaroslavl gymnasium. Then he began to write poetry.
At the age of 17 he moved to St. Petersburg, but, refusing to devote himself to a military career, as his father insisted, he was deprived of material support. In 1838, against the will of his father, the future poet tries to enter the university. Unable to pass the entrance exams, he decided to become a volunteer and attended lectures at the Faculty of Philology for two years. The disasters that befell Nekrasov were subsequently reflected in his poems and the unfinished novel The Life and Adventures of Tikhon Trostnikov.
In order not to die of hunger, he began to write poetry commissioned by booksellers. At this time, he met V. Belinsky. Soon, Nekrasov's affairs "went uphill", he gives lessons, writes short articles for local newspapers, which even allows him to save money).
3. Literary and journalistic activity
The affairs of Nikolai Alekseevich went so successfully that in 1847 Nekrasov and Panaev acquired the Sovremennik magazine, founded by A. S. Pushkin. The influence of the magazine grew every year, until in 1862 the government suspended its publication, and then completely banned the magazine. That year, Nekrasov acquired the Karabikha estate, not far from Yaroslavl, where he came every summer, spending time hunting and talking with friends from the people.
After the closure of the Sovremennik magazine, Nekrasov acquired the right to publish Fatherland Notes, with which the last ten years of his life were associated. During these years, he worked on the poem "To whom it is good to live in Russia" (1866 - 76), wrote poems about the Decembrists and their wives ("Grandfather", 1870; "Russian Women", 1871 - 72). In addition, he created a series of satirical works, the top of which was the poem "Contemporaries" (1875).
4. Illness
But the euphoria from a good life did not last long, because already in 1850 the writer became very ill (medics even predicted his imminent death), but a trip to Italy significantly improved Nekrasov's health. In 1875, Nekrasov was diagnosed with intestinal cancer, after which the writer's life turned into a slow departure to another world. It was in the period before his death that Nekrasov, having received support from loved ones, took up creativity with renewed vigor. Nikolai Alekseevich died in December 1877. The funeral of this extraordinary, but undoubtedly great personality in Russian literature, was organized by numerous fans and took place at the Novodevichy cemetery.

Read this article (One of the students reads aloud).

Let's single out in it three main parts of any - oral or written - statement: introduction, main part, conclusion.

How can we title the introduction and conclusion?

How many parts does the main body have? Title each one.

(Approximate titles of each paragraph of the plan are called. Now our task is to write down the thesis plan of the article, which will reflect the facts of the life and work of the writer. Also, you and I must highlight not only the facts - what really happened, but also the reviews of contemporaries, the characteristics of the author articles.)

The thesis plan of the article is written in the notebook. With the teacher's help, students separate facts and characteristics. Also, if there is a name in the text, we recommend that you read the help at the end of the textbook (Part II - NI).

1. Introduction. Rise of the literary glory of Nekrasov.

a) Publication in 1847 of Nekrasov's poem "Am I driving down a dark street at night ..."

b) Turgenev's review from Paris is recorded (textbook page 115 (I-201, NI)

2. The main part. From the biography of Nekrasov ...

a) Born in Ukraine, in the town of Nemirov. Three years old moving to the Greshnevo estate in the Yaroslavl province. My father was a retired officer and landowner.

b) Memories of childhood: the Volga, apple orchards, Vladimirsky tract ...;

c) Friendship with peasant children, early (from the age of 7) poems. The gentle nature of the mother and the despotism of the father.

d) Teaching. Yaroslavl gymnasium. Books. At the age of seventeen - a notebook of lyrics and a manuscript of the novel.

e) Moving to St. Petersburg. Break with father. University. Poverty. Hard work. Democracy and simplicity of Nekrasov's lyrics.

e) 40s. Rapprochement with Belinsky. Sovremennik edition. Journal staff: Turgenev, Herzen, Tolstoy, Saltykov-Shchedrin.

g) 1856. Nekrasov's book "Poems" is published. It includes the most popular ones: "Vlas", "Troika", "Forgotten Village", "Uncompressed Band Poem "Sasha".

h) He glorified the feat of the Decembrists in the poems "Grandfather" and "Russian Women". He considered the poem “To whom in Russia to live well” the most important work.

IV. Conclusion.

The value of Nekrasov's work. In his works, he sympathetically wrote about the hard lot of the common people. Introduced truly folk features into poetry.

Homework.

1. Retelling the abstract in a notebook.

2. Dp. In the manual "We read, think, argue ..." on pages 102-103, find additional facts from the life of Nekrasov and his collaboration with other writers.

Lesson 28

Additional reading for students: Chukovsky K. The skill of Nekrasov. M., 1952.

Literary theory: poem (expansion of the concept), composition.

Literature for the lesson: Boyko M.N. Lyric Nekrasov. M., 1977; Skatov N. N. I dedicated the lyre to my people ... M., 1985; Life and work of N. A. Nekrasov. Comp. N. I. Yakushkin. M., 1987.

Literature for the lesson: Evgeniev-Maximov V. Nekrasov at school. M., 1986.

During the classes

I. Checking homework.

II. Historical commentary on the poem "Russian Women".

Question for students.

What do you know about the Decembrist uprising?

Teacher's comment.

On December 14, 1825, the oath to the new Russian Emperor Nikolai Pavlovich (Nicholas I) was to take place in St. Petersburg. For the new emperor, however, this day turned out to be one of the most terrible in his life. Some military units went to the Senate Square, refusing to obey the new king. The officers at the head of the rebellious units and their comrades from other regiments, as well as some civilians (or, as they said then, “civilians”) who participated in the conspiracy with them, would later be called Decembrists. All of them were nobles, that is, according to the concepts of that time, the support of the autocracy and the Russian nobility seemed unthinkable. But they advocated the restriction (that is, the unlimited power of the monarch) and the introduction of a constitution (that is, a basic, binding law for all, which would clearly stipulate the rights of citizens and on the basis of which a new system of government would operate), as well as for the elimination of serfdom . Coming out onto the square, these mostly young people (few of them were over thirty years old) showed that the best representatives of enlightened Russian society can rise above the selfish interests of their class and think about the good of the whole people.

It is difficult to say which way the development of Russia would have taken if the Decembrists had won. The uprising in St. Petersburg was crushed after a few hours. In January of the following year, 1826, another uprising was crushed - in Ukraine. Investigations and reprisals began. Five conspirators were executed, many were given to the soldiers and sent to the Caucasus, a huge number were exiled to Siberia for hard labor. Prisoners were deprived of all noble rights and equated with ordinary peasants, they were deprived of the right to return to the capitals, as well as all titles and honors.

Prince Sergei Trubetskoy, like many other Decembrists, took part in the wars against Napoleon and subsequently made a brilliant military career. On the eve of the uprising, he was appointed its "dictator", that is, the direct leader of the rebels. He did not show himself during the uprising, but courageously behaved during the investigation and did not lose the respect of his comrades in misfortune. In 1826 he was sent to hard labor in Eastern Siberia.

The feat of the wives of the Decembrists made an impression on the entire Russian society. The impression of their feat was all the more intensified because all these women became as disenfranchised as their husbands, children born in exile were equal in their legal status to peasants.

The father of the heroine of the poem - Ekaterina Ivanovna Trubetskoy - is a French emigrant J. S. Laval. His luxurious mansion on the English Embankment in St. Petersburg has survived to this day. Here in 1825, shortly before the December uprising, Grand Duke Nikolai Pavlovich danced a mazurka paired with Count Laval's daughter, Catherine. She married Prince Sergei Petrovich Trubetskoy. She was the first wife of a Decembrist who obtained permission from the Tsar to follow her husband to Siberia.

Many followed her example, some followed to Siberia not for husbands, but for suitors ...

Plan.

I N. A. Nekrasov - People's Poet

II N.A. Nekrasov - poet of suffering

1) Brief biographical information.

2) The originality of the lyrics.

a) The theme of popular suffering.

b) The image of women in the lyrics.

c) The theme of love.

3) Memoirs of contemporaries about Nekrasov.

III The contribution of N.A. Nekrasov to Russian literature.

BRIEF CHRONICLE OF THE LIFE AND CREATIVITY OF N. A. NEKRASOV

· 1821 In the town of Nemirov, Podolsk province, on November 28, the son Nikolai was born in the family of a retired lieutenant Alexei Sergeevich and Elena Andreevna (nee Zakrevskaya) Nekrasov.

· 1824-1832 Family life in the village. Greshnevo Yaroslavl province due to the retirement of his father.

· 1832-1837 The teaching of Nicholas and his brother in the Yaroslavl gymnasium.

· 1838 The arrival of N. A. Nekrasov in St. Petersburg and an unsuccessful attempt, against the will of his father, to enter the university.

· 1840 Nekrasov's first collection was published. "Dreams and Sounds". The beginning of cooperation in the publications of F. A. Koni. Negative assessment of V. G. Belinsky of the entire collection. Nekrasov destroys almost the entire circulation.

· 1841 Death of the poet's mother.

· 1842 Acquaintance with VG Belinsky.

· 1844-1845 Rapprochement with V. G. Belinsky. Publication of the almanac "Physiology of St. Petersburg" edited by N. A. Nekrasov. The collection reflected the search and aesthetics of the "natural school".

· 1846 The release of Nekrasov's almanac "Petersburg Collection", in which the poet's poems "On the Road" and "Lullaby" were printed. Acquisition of the right to publish Sovremennik from Pletnev.

· 1847 Beginning of Nekrasov's Sovremennik. Friction between official editor Nikitenko and his actual editors, Nekrasov and Panaev.

· 1848 Beginning of the "Gloomy Seven Years" in Russian public life. Censorship persecution of Sovremennik. On the denunciation of F. Bulgarin, Nekrasov is summoned to the III Section. Nekrasov was under secret surveillance.

· 1853 Serious illness of Nekrasov. Creation of the Last Elegies.

· 1854 N. G. Chernyshevsky came to the editorial office of Sovremennik.

· 1856 Before leaving for abroad (Berlin, Vienna, Florence, Rome, etc.) Nekrasov transfers his editorial functions to N. G. Chernyshevsky. The release of the collection "Poems by N. A. Nekrasov", which was a huge success.

· 1857 Return home. Dobrolyubov's arrival at Sovremennik.

· 1860 Departure from Sovremennik by I. S. Turgenev.

· 1861 Death of Dobrolyubov. "Pedlars" were written. The second edition of "Poems of N. A. Nekrasov".

· 1862 Arrest of Chernyshevsky. The first ban on Sovremennik and the suspension of publication for 8 months.

· 1863 Revival of Sovremennik. Creation of the poem "Frost, Red Nose". Beginning of work on the poem "To whom in Russia it is good to live." Acquisition of the estate near Yaroslavl "Karabikha".

· 1866 Closing of Sovremennik.

· 1868 Beginning of a new magazine - "Notes of the Fatherland". Editor - N. A. Nekrasov. Publication in No. 1 of the poem "To whom in Russia it is good to live."

1870 Rapprochement with his future wife F. A. Viktorova (Zinaida Nikolaevna Nekrasova), with whom he will be married in 1877

· 1871-1872 Creation of the poems "Princess Trubetskaya" and "Princess Volkonskaya".

· 1875 The beginning of the last illness of N. A. Nekrasov.

· 1876 Work on the fourth part of the poem "To Whom in Russia to Live Well".

· 1877 Publication of the book "Last Songs".

N. A. NEKRASOV - PEOPLE'S POET

N. A. Nekrasov is a great Russian poet, whose name is inscribed in golden letters in Russian and world literature. The heir of Pushkin and Lermontov, he brought poetry closer to the life of the people. He wrote in the 40s, in that difficult time when serfdom became unbearable for the Russian people. Nekrasov was a realist poet, he was the first who, with such frankness and sharpness, revealed to the readers pictures from the life of the people, depicting a miserable village with its poverty and sadness, as if covering it with a misty cloud of an “uncompressed strip” and a peasant who “has no urine ". The poet responded to suffering common man. Nekrasov's poems were a great success, everyone felt that a poet had appeared who had not yet been in Russia. In his poems, he accused the autocracy and expressed his love for the people, his faith in the wonderful future of Russia. Chernyshevsky wrote to him: "You are now the best, the only fine hope of our literature." Many of his poems are dedicated to the Motherland and people. Even in his youth, Nekrasov discovered that for him the words "homeland" and "land" are an all-consuming topic. It is difficult for us to imagine any poem by Nekrasov, where there would be no Russian nature and Russian people. “Yes, only here can I be a poet!” - so said Nekrasov, returning from abroad, which never attracted him. Even for a while, he did not want to leave "from the song that was inspired by snowstorms and blizzards of his native villages." The poet was in awe of the Motherland, with sincerity and cordiality he depicted the village, peasant huts, the Russian landscape. From this love for the Motherland, for its people and beautiful nature, Nekrasov's poetry grew. The poet was worried about the fate of Russia and called for transforming it into a "mighty and omnipotent" country. He highly appreciated among the people his vitality, activity in the struggle for his happiness. “Do not be shy for the dear homeland. The Russian people endured enough ... "Nekrasov knew the great power and role of Russia:" Russia will show that there are people in it, that it has a future ... "And the poet curses the oppressors of the people," the owners of luxurious chambers ".

N.A. Nekrasov is a poet of suffering.

- Brief biographical information

Nekrasov was born on November 28, 1821 in the town of Nemirovo in Ukraine. In the autumn of 1824, retired major Alexei Sergeevich Nekrasov settled with his family in the family estate of Greshnevo, Yaroslavl province. Nekrasov's father was one of those landowners, of whom there were many at that time: rude, violent, ignorant. His main life interest was dog hunting. With dogs, he was sometimes kind, and domestic and serfs suffered from his difficult character. The poet's mother, Elena Andreevna, nee Zakrevskaya, especially suffered from this. She was a smart and educated woman, a person kind soul and sensitive heart. Elena Andreevna, for the sake of the happiness of her children and their peace of mind, endured the antics of her husband. It seems that there was no other poet who so often, with such reverent love, would resurrect the image of the mother in his poems. The feudal tyranny of his father stung the youthful soul of the future poet, because everyone suffered from it: the peasants, himself and his beloved mother. In 1832, Nekrasov entered the Yaroslavl gymnasium. The young man there not only read a lot, but also created literary works . He wanted to enter St. Petersburg University, but the preparation at the Yaroslavl gymnasium was not enough, and Nekrasov decided to become a volunteer. He attended classes at the Faculty of Philology for two years. This period of the poet's life is usually called the "Petersburg trials", because the time for the poet was really difficult. The father wanted his son to study at a military institution, and, having learned about the university, he deprived Nikolai of material support. For the sake of a piece of bread, Tom had to agree to day work in the capital's newspapers and magazines. In addition, the publication of the first collection of poems Dreams and Sounds (1840) was followed by sharp criticism in the press. But these failures tempered the character of the poet, and since then the main theme of his work has been the fate of a simple person: a disenfranchised peasant, an urban beggar, a Russian peasant woman. But Nekrasov's literary talent did not go unnoticed. With the support of F.A. Koni, publisher of the theater magazine "Repertoire and Pantheon", he met V.G. Belinsky, who had a huge influence on the poet - moral, literary, ideological. Thanks to his friendship with the great critic, Nekrasov breaks with the romantic passions of his youth and creates deeply realistic poetry. In 1847, the writer I.I. Panaev, together with Nekrasov, acquired the Sovremennik magazine, founded by A.S. Pushkin. Here Nekrasov fully reveals his editorial talent. He managed to rally the best literary forces in Russia in the 40-60s of the 19th century around the magazine. The poetic flowering of Nekrasov began in 1855. The collection "Poems by N. Nekrasov" was published in October 1856. The poet thought deeply about the artistic composition of this book. The poem "The Poet and the Citizen" (1855-1856) opened the collection. In this collection, the poem "Sasha" was published, in which the author wanted to show how "new people" are born and how they differ from other heroes. At the same time, "The Forgotten Village", "Schoolboy", "Misfortune" were written. The first collection of poems brought Nekrasov wide fame. After the abolition of serfdom, Nekrasov wrote the famous poem Peddlers (1861). In this work, he expanded the intended circle of his readers and turned in his dedication to the people. In addition, he printed this poem at his own expense in the Red Books series and distributed it among the people through village small merchants. This has never happened before in Russian literature. The Decembrist theme in the work of Nekrasov is revealed by the poems "Grandfather" and "Russian Women". Turning to the past, the poet talked about the present. In the heroines of the Decembrist era, Nekrasov looked for and found features that united them with Russian women of the 60s and 70s of the 19th century. 1875 Nekrasov was seriously ill. Nothing could stop a severe, painful, fatal illness. But Nekrasov remains true to his Muse. And Nekrasov still retains the holiness of the maternal image. Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov died on December 27, 1877 (January 8, 1878).

- The originality of the lyrics

1) The theme of people's suffering.

People's poet, singer of suffering, poet-democrat ... - N.A. is called differently. Nekrasov. Nekrasov's Muse is the "Muse of revenge and sorrow", suffering, glorifying the people, calling for the struggle for their liberation, protesting, sympathizing with all the oppressed. Nekrasov for the first time in Russian poetry deeply revealed the theme of people's suffering. The focus of the poet's attention is the hard lot of peasants, barge haulers, railroad builders, and soldiers. The theme of the suffering of the people runs through all the work of the poet. He remained faithful to the chosen path. The muse in his early poem is the sister of a young peasant woman, cut with a whip, in one of Nekrasov's last songs, the muse already appears in the image of this peasant woman. The poet perceives the pain of ordinary workers as his own. With piercing longing in the poem "Railway" he shows how hunger drove the "masses of the people" to build the road. Nekrasov describes hard labor and inhuman conditions of existence. Nekrasov grew up on the Volga and from childhood was amazed by the pictures of the terrifying labor of barge haulers. In the poem “On the Volga”, the poet recreates the images of unfortunate people who are engraved in his memory: one is “pale, a little alive”, the other is “sullen, quiet and sick”, in “rags of miserable poverty”. The poet is shocked by the desire of the latter to die by morning. Only death can end the unbearable torment of the "dull" barge hauler. In "Thoughts at the front door" Nekrasov creates a generalized image of the suffering people. He writes: "Where there are people, there is a groan." Sadness and anger are the main feelings Nekrasov put into poems about the people. A sincere desire to change the fate of suffering people brought the artist the high title of " folk poet". Nekrasov was the protector of the people, expressed their interests, served them and tried to lead them on such a road, which, according to the poet, would bring contentment and happiness to the peasant. Nekrasov forever connected his personal fate, his tears with the fate, tears, suffering of the whole people.

2) The image of women in the lyrics

With special compassion, Nekrasov creates images of peasant women. In the poem “In full swing the village suffering ...” a woman appears before the reader, exhausted by labor on earth.

The poor woman is exhausted,

A column of insects sways above her,

Stings, tickles, buzzes!

She has “singed lips, a leg cut into blood”, “kerchiefs are disheveled”. With the help of a capacious definition, the poet creates a generalized image of a Russian woman. He calls her "the long-suffering mother".

Also, the heroine of another famous poem "Troika" "withers before the time". This work is built on a bright contrast. In the present, a peasant girl is so good that “it’s not a wonder to look at her” - and in the future she will face a difficult fate, usual for a peasant woman: “marry a slave”, “be the mother of a slave son”, “submit to a slave to the grave” . A girl whose “hair is as black as night” and her gaze is “full of enchantment” will soon turn into a meek, submissive creature with an ugly chest tucked into an apron, and “an expression of stupid patience and senseless, eternal fear” will forever freeze on her face. . The apron in the work is a terrible symbol of constant, “dirty and difficult work”, which a young girl is doomed to do until her death.

But not only unbearable forced labor robs a Russian woman of strength and beauty. In Nekrasov's poems, unfortunate mothers are shown with a great sense of compassion. The grief of Orina, the mother of a soldier ruined by the tsarist service, or an old woman who lost her only son-breadwinner ("Village News"), is inescapable. The poet is angered by the war, after which bleeding wounds remain on the hearts of mothers. The poem "Listening to the horrors of war ..." is one of the most tragic in Nekrasov's lyrics. The common people suffer the most from the war: soldiers, their wives, children. It is unbearably painful for the poet to imagine how his wife and friend will perceive the news of the death of a warrior.

3) Theme of love

Nekrasov wrote about love in a new way. Poetizing the ups and downs of love, he did not ignore the "prose" that "is inevitable in love." In his poems, the image of an independent heroine appeared: a heroine, sometimes wayward and impregnable ("I do not like your irony ..."). Relations between lovers have become more complex in Nekrasov's lyrics: spiritual intimacy is replaced by disagreements and quarrels, the characters often do not understand each other, and this misunderstanding overshadows their love.

- Memoirs of contemporaries about Nekrasov.

I. A. Panaev

It is important for the public to know: was there a contradiction between everything beautiful and good that filled his works, and the moral qualities of the one who expressed this beautiful and good so well? Was there a discord between the good feeling expressed in beautiful verse and the feeling that lives in the heart of the poet? To this I will answer firmly and without hesitation: there was no discord. Nekrasov in his own way moral character did not at all contradict the image that was drawn by the imagination of many admirers of his talent who did not know him. He was a gentle, kind, unenvious, generous, hospitable, and quite simple man; but he did not possess sufficient firmness of character. Circumstances developed in such a way that he had to spend almost all his life in semi-official circles. It was not his natural environment, and therefore he could not feel free in it: internal movements were connected, married; heart is compressed. As a result, despite the innate softness, condescension and simplicity of heart, external methods sometimes seemed dry, angular, and seemed to breathe cold from them.

A. V. Druzhinin

Mr. Nekrasov made many sacrifices to the temporary element of poetry, but he sacrificed to it not out of routine, not out of calculation, not out of a passion for alien authority, but with complete freedom of consciousness, due to his organization and warehouse of his talent. He did not throw dirt on the altar of pure poetry, but always approached it with love and reverence, even exaggerating his weaknesses and considering himself a more unworthy priest than he really was. He did not scoff at the highest manifestations of the eternal in poetry and was always ready to answer the call of the muse, wherever she carried him. That is why we see, and will always see in Nekrasov, a true poet, rich in future and who has done enough for future readers. We even like many of his deliberately edifying poems, because they are created without effort and drawn thought - we know very well that the period of their glory is short, but we remain quite grateful for their temporary influence. With these poems, he instilled several practical thoughts in society, with them he develops the masses of people who are underdeveloped and unaccustomed to understanding poetry. In them he was direct and sincere, with them he achieved everything that could be achieved with such a weak tool.

A. A. Grigoriev

A deep love for the soil resounds in the works of Nekrasov, and the poet himself is sincerely aware of this love. He, apparently, does not regret, like Lermontov, that this love "will not be overcome by reason", does not call this love "strange". He loves this soil equally when he speaks of it with sincere lyricism, and when he draws gloomy or sad pictures; and not only does he love: his poetry is always on a level with the soil - whether when, on a gloomy, damp autumn evening, with poetic-poisonous exasperation, the meeting of the "club of the crow clan" is conveyed and with outward indifference and deep inner sympathy the conversation of two old women who came together at the well; Is it when, in a stuffy hospital, he spies on the lofty scene of the upliftment of a fallen man by love and hears... the all-forgiving voice of love, Full of endless supplication...

The contribution of N.A. Nekrasov to Russian literature.

An entire era of Russian poetry is associated with the name of Nekrasov. His work is the next, after Pushkin and Lermontov, a stage in its history. Based on their remarkable discoveries, Nekrasov introduced a lot of fundamentally new, his own, opening up new ways. With wide eyes he looked at the surrounding reality and saw and said what had not been said before him. Further expansion of the boundaries of poetry, an even closer rapprochement with life in all its diversity, the democratization of themes, motives and the language itself, artistic and expressive means are integral qualities of Nekrasov's work. Not only ideological purposefulness (the poet calls his muse "the sad companion of the sad poor"), not only the fearlessness of truth, but also bold innovation poetic form made him, according to N. G. Chernyshevsky, “the creator of a completely new period” in poetry, the creator of a whole trend. It is difficult to confuse Nekrasov with anyone, so original is the image of the poet that arises from the pages of his works, and his intonations that take the soul. No less than Nekrasov, the author of epic works and Nekrasov the satirist, shakes the soul of the reader and Nekrasov the lyricist. But in general, it should be emphasized that the epic and satirical beginnings are closely intertwined in his poetry with the beginning of the lyric. The excited voice of the democratic poet is heard everywhere, his unique personality is felt everywhere, and, on the other hand, from a seemingly deeply intimate feeling, from a penetrating picture of Russian nature, the theme of people's misfortunes, social disorder and social injustice.

F. M. Dostoevsky said about Nekrasov that his heart was wounded at the very beginning of his life, this wound never healed and was the source of his passionate and suffering poetry all his life. We know that from the age of sixteen, the young poet experienced hunger and other hardships because he wanted to go his own way, and not the one that his father wanted. And these ordeals were reflected in all the work of Nikolai Alekseevich. But we also know that even earlier, in childhood, pain for the suffering of his people strengthened in his heart.

List of used literature.

1) Big Encyclopedia Cyril and Methodius Nekrasov N.A. www.km.ru, 2002

2) Nekrasov N.A. Poems Stavropol publishing house, 1975

3) Chukovsky K.I. Nekrasov N.A. in book. Nekrasova N.A. Poems from 3-30

4) Chukovsky K.I. Nekrasov N.A. in book. Nekrasova N.A. Poems for children from 3-12 M., "Children's Literature", 1972

5) Works school curriculum in summary Nekrasov N.A. pp. 206-207 M., Rodin and company, publishing house Ast, 1998

The name of the Russian poet N. A. Nekrasov is known to everyone. Some fell in love with his children's works "Grandfather Mazai and Hares" or "Peasant Children". Others come to mind the poems "Frost, Red Nose", "Who lives well in Russia." For others, this name is associated with the protector of the peasants and all the oppressed.

The chronological table will help to present the difficult path that the poet has traveled in life and literature. Nekrasov was never afraid of difficulties, and no circumstances shook his confidence that the Russian people were worthy of respect and reverence.

Origin and childhood

The poet was a nobleman: his father, a stern and despotic man, had an estate in the Yaroslavl province. In Greshnev, Nikolai lived with three Nekrasov N.A. - 1821-1877) before entering the gymnasium. This time left a heavy mark on the boy's soul, so he often witnessed his father's cruel attitude towards serfs, to a submissive wife, to his own children. Also forever remembered Vladimirskaya road, along which people of different classes constantly walked or rode somewhere, and the great Russian - here he first heard the song of barge haulers.

The period of life associated with study is reflected in the chronological table.

Nekrasov from an early age is distinguished by a willingness to defend his views. The first difficulties prepared by fate, he had to overcome already in

Life in St. Petersburg: chronological table

Nekrasovav capital at first expected hunger and poverty. But the desire to learn and practice literary creativity turned out to be stronger. Nikolai Alekseevich went through a difficult path from the rejection of the first collection by critics to the editor of the most popular magazines and a poet known throughout the country.

The beginning of literary activity

As the chronological table shows, Nekrasov has always been distinguished by a craving for creativity (we note at least the moment that he was the editor of magazines from 1846 to 1877).

Elena Andreevna, his mother, played a significant role in shaping the future poet. She dreamed of seeing her son educated and in every possible way encouraged her passion for poetry. Nikolai Alekseevich read a lot while studying at the gymnasium.

Arriving in St. Petersburg, Nekrasov managed to publish several of his poems. But they were published in minor magazines, and they paid very little for them. And the collection Dreams and Sounds, published in 1840, did not bring fame and fame. Trying to survive in a strange city, Nekrasov wrote in various genres. He later spoke rather harshly about his early work.

The first success came in 1845 with the poem "On the Road".

Chronological table of Nekrasov: briefly about the best works

The value of the work of N. A. Nekrasov

In his works, the poet not only developed the best literary traditions established at the beginning of the century, but also significantly expanded the possibilities of Russian poetry. Reliance on folklore, active appeal to the life of the people, epic narration, close to colloquial vocabulary - these are the distinctive features of Nikolai Alekseevich's poems and poems, which, of course, a brief chronological table cannot accommodate.

Nekrasov has always been distinguished by devotion to the interests of Russia and its people, which A. Lunacharsky noted in his statement: "... there is no such person in Russian literature ... before whom they would bow with love and reverence lower than before the memory of Nekrasov!"