Happened together two Astronomers in a feast
And they argued quite among themselves in the heat.
One kept repeating: the earth, spinning, the circle of the Sun walks;
The other is that the Sun leads all the planets with it:
One was Copernicus, the other was known as Ptolemy.
Here the cook settled the dispute with his grin.
The owner asked: “Do you know the course of the stars?
Tell me, how do you talk about this doubt?
He gave the following answer: “What is Copernicus right in that,
I will prove the truth, I have not been to the Sun.
Who saw a simpleton of cooks is
Who would turn the hearth around Zharkov?

Analysis of the poem "Two Astronomers Happened Together at a Feast" by Lomonosov

Many people know M.V. Lomonosov as a great Russian scientist, whose works are known all over the world. But in addition to research activities, Mikhail Vasilyevich gravitated towards the fine arts, writing and poetry. The amazing versatility of personality, talent and simple origin allowed Lomonosov to convey the whole essence of the universal law to everyone who read his work "Two astronomers happened together at a feast."

The poem was published in 1761 and tells of a heated dispute between two luminaries of science - Claudius Ptolemy and Nicolaus Copernicus, which is resolved by a playful statement by the cook. Characters are only symbols of conflicting points of view - whether the Earth revolves around the Sun, or the Sun revolves around the Earth - since they lived in different eras and could not meet.

For many years, great scientists and the church denied the fact that the Earth rotates around the Sun, and everyone who dared to disagree was persecuted and blamed. The common people were completely far from the interpretation of science and planets. The author in simple and understandable rhymes put an end to a long dispute. And it was the figure of a cook, a simple worker, with a simple and playful judgment about the structure of the Universe, that helped every person to understand the truth.

The work is a satirical parable and departs from the canons of classicism - the high and pompous tone of the interlocutors is opposed to the playful and colloquial statements of the cook. This is another attempt by Lomonosov to reconcile the current church with the modern discoveries of researchers - for many years there was a struggle of views on the structure of the world. By logical arguments, the author leads to the idea that Copernicus and his ideas are true, no matter how official science treats this.

Literary critics have established that Cyrano de Bergerac in his work “Another Light, or States and Empires of the Moon” also mentions the absurdity of turning the stove around a fried lark, and it is this argument that Lomonosov’s character operates on. Be that as it may, the satirical poem completely exhausts the centuries-old conflict, presenting the reader with the opinion of the author himself with a touch of humor.

The poem "Two astronomers happened together at a feast" is a landmark and important work. M.V. Lomonosov, in his characteristic manner, was able to convey to millions of people the complex and important idea of ​​the law of the universe. Understanding life and thought common man and the uncomplicated mind of the great scientist led not only to world-class discoveries, but also helped to convey them to everyone.

LITERATURE LOMONOSOV

“2 astronomers happened together at a feast ..”

1. Orgmoment
2. Repetition

What was discussed in the last lesson?

What lit-ra is called DR?

What event is associated with the appearance of DRL?

What genres are distinguished in DRL?

What genre is the most popular?

What is the meaning of the chronicle genre? ( entry by year)

Name the 2 most famous chroniclers of the 10th-12th centuries ( Nikon and Nestor)

3) Checking homework

The text for the 1st time is incomprehensible, so let's listen to it again and then talk about its content. ( video)

So, who can say briefly what this text is about? (how the Pechenegs attacked the Russian land and people could not leave the city. Then one teenager decided to leave Kyiv and go past the Pechenegs for help. He knew the Pecheneg language, so the Pechenegs did not touch him. The lad moved to the other side of the Dnieper and called the governor for help. Voivode Pretich approached Kiev and told the Pechenegs that he was their friend, that Svyatoslav was walking behind with his squad to defeat the Pechenegs. The Pechenegs retreated, and Svyatoslav, returning to the city, finally drove out the enemies)

There are a lot of incomprehensible words in this text. Let's see in the presentation what they mean. (view presentation)

Tell me, is this story of the Tale instructive? ( Yes )

What does he teach us? (be a patriot of your country, be able to protect yourself and your people)

4) Physical Minute

5) New theme

Today we are starting to get acquainted with works that have an author in the person of one person. And the first representative among writers is Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov (171101765). Let's write the topic of the lesson ... ..

What do you know about this person? Who is he? ( children's answers)

Guys, M.V. Lomonosov is not only a writer, but also a scientist in the field of chemistry, physics, foreign languages, mathematics, geometry and many other sciences. Attention to the slidepresentation about the life of Lomonosov)

6) Acquaintance with the work

Today we will get acquainted with his work “2 astronomers happened together at a feast ...” ( teacher reads)

What does "two astronomers happened" mean? ( met)

"arguing in the heat"? (had a heated argument, loud, serious)

"The circle of the Sun is walking" (goes around the sun)

"How do you talk about this doubt"? (How do you reason, what do you think about this controversial issue?)

"Such" (adj.) ( such)

"Zharkova" (n.) - hot (roast - fried food, usually meat).

Who are Copernicus and Ptolemy? When did they live? Could they actually meet each other at a feast?

Children learn to work with footnotes.

We do not know the exact dates of the life of the astronomer Ptolemy. He was born about 90, died about 160 AD. Ptolemy lived in ancient Greece. He developed a mathematical theory of the motion of the planets around the Earth (geocentric system).

Copernicus was born more than one thousand three hundred years after the death of Ptolemy, so they could not really meet at the feast. The Polish astronomer explained how the planets (including the Earth) revolve around the Sun (heliocentric system).

Why do you think Copernicus and Ptolemy meet in Lomonosov's poem? Where do they meet?

We can assume that in this way Lomonosov could depict for us a conversation between the followers of Copernicus and Ptolemy.

What is the opposite of scientists' views?

To whom does the owner of the house in which the scientists have met address to resolve the dispute? How does the chef resolve this dispute?

Copernicus and Ptolemy argued about the structure of the world. Copernicus argued that the earth revolves around the sun. Ptolemy believed that the Sun and all other planets revolve around the Earth.

The owner of the house in which the feast takes place addresses a question to the grinning cook. The cook settles the dispute by saying that Copernicus is right. Comparing the Sun to the hearth, and the Earth to the meat that needs to be fried, the cook chuckled: anyone will rotate the roast around the hearth, and not vice versa.

During the years of Lomonosov's life, the idea of ​​a geocentric system was long ago rejected by scientists: everyone already understood that it was not the Sun that revolved around the Earth, but the Earth around the Sun. Why is Lomonosov again raising this topic? What is the idea behind this fable?

7) Summary of the lesson

What did you learn about today?

What did you like about the lesson?

Who are Copernicus and Ptolemy?

What was Copernicus talking about? And Ptolemy?

Whose theory is currently correct?

8) Homework briefing

Page 53 - expressive reading

Lomonosov wrote not only scientific works but also poetry. A significant place in his work is occupied by odes of various content, as well as other poems, which tell about both sublime and everyday objects.

So, in the poem “Two Astronomers Happened Together at a Feast…”, written in 1761, the author discusses a complex scientific problem, resorting to the form of a parable.

Two Astronomers happened together in a feast And argued very among themselves in the heat.

One kept repeating: the earth, spinning, the circle of the Sun walks;

The other is that the Sun leads all the planets with it:

One was Copernicus, the other was known as Ptolemy.

Here the cook settled the dispute with his grin.

The owner asked: “Do you know the course of the stars?

Tell me, how do you talk about this doubt?

He gave the following answer: “What is Copernicus right in that,

I will prove the truth, I have not been to the Sun.

Who saw a simpleton of cooks is

Who would turn the hearth around Zharkov?

A parable as a short symbolic story, in which a deep philosophical meaning is hidden, originated in antiquity and existed among many peoples. In the East, parables about Hadji Nasreddin are very popular, in which the hero acts either as a philosopher and sage, or looks rather stupid.

Lomonosov, in his impromptu verse parable, introduces characters who, in real life they could never meet and talk, as they lived in different historical epochs, separated by several hundred years.

One of them is Nicolaus Copernicus, a Polish astronomer who lived at the turn of the 15th-16th centuries and scientifically substantiated the heliocentric theory of the universe, proving that the Earth revolves around the Sun.

Another character in Lomonosov's poem is Claudius Ptolemy, a Greek scientist who lived in the 2nd century AD, who believed that the Sun moves around the Earth. His views dominated astronomy for a very long time, and the Catholic Church severely persecuted those who tried to refute them.

Introducing into the poem the image of a cook who decides the dispute between two great scientists, Lomonosov lowers the sublime tone of the work.

“Two Astronomers happened together at a feast ...” is a small satirical work. According to the rules of classicism, “low” was not allowed in “high” works, but thanks to this technique, the poem acquires a satirical sound. Thus, it becomes clear and close not only to scientists, but also to ordinary people, since a complex scientific problem is resolved on the basis of ordinary common sense.

Literary critics subsequently established that the argument that the cook leads in favor of the Copernican theory could have been borrowed by Lomonosov from the book of the French writer Cyrano de Bergerac “Another Light, or the States and Empires of the Moon”. However, this does not in the least detract from the originality of this small witty poem, in which Lomonosov, not only in a somewhat fantastic form, shows the centuries-old conflict between supporters of two different theories of the universe. The author also makes it clear to the reader what the author's own views on this issue are.

Happened together two Astronomers in a feast
And they argued quite among themselves in the heat.
One kept repeating: the earth, spinning, the circle of the Sun walks;
The other is that the Sun leads all the planets with it:
One was Copernicus, the other was known as Ptolemy.
Here the cook settled the dispute with his grin.
The owner asked: “Do you know the course of the stars?
Tell me, how do you talk about this doubt?
He gave the following answer: “What is Copernicus right in that,
I will prove the truth, I have not been to the Sun.
Who saw a simpleton of cooks is
Who would turn the hearth around Zharkov?

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More poems:

1. Doesn't surprise me at all, dear friends! The earth is spinning: Copernicus claims the truth. Hey! .. there are two suns in the sky - not one! This is smart!...
2. Copernicus is just, there is nothing to marvel at: I see for myself, the earth is spinning; But what are these miracles? Two suns shine in my eyes....
3. Here we could wander with you together, But I am alone and, like a blind man in the darkness, Closing my eyes and suddenly frozen in place, I stand for hours, and only one in ...
4. There is no movement, said the bearded sage. The other2 was silent and began to walk before him. He could not have objected more strongly; All praised the convoluted answer. But, gentlemen, this funny case Another example on...
5. I am omnipotent and weak at the same time, I am a ruler and a slave at the same time, I do good or evil - I do not argue about it, I give a lot, but receive little, And in my name ...
6. Feast - a mountain ... In the heat of revelry Words flow in waves; Honest guests from the rumble Dizzy. Speech violent changing. On the tables - full, full - Walks a circular bowl of Miracle wine. Who...
7. - You lied to me! – Nu, that for delirium?! - (And I saw it myself!) In the eyes of a dove, an innocent light ... Well, how to judge by the eyes? - You lied to me? - Not!...
8. There are two of us - me and me. One of us will die When the day comes and the hour strikes; It will go into oblivion, it will melt like smoke, It will melt - and forever part with another ....
9. Together we robbed the same hut, We penetrated the same crack, - We met with them, like three dairy brothers, Having never seen each other at all ....
10. I am the sword, and - together - the flame! I shone above you in the darkness. I lit in your chest Hope and prayer, And when the battles came - I fought ...
11. - What a life they have set up! How can they not get bored! Those who drink a lot, those who sleep softly, those who eat sweetly. I look, I think, and I understand that in ...
12. Sing us a song, quail, quail. One - a needle, two - a needle - There will be a Christmas tree. One - a plank, two - a plank - There will be a ladder. One - a word, two - a word - ...

Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov was born in November 1711 near the village of Kholmogory in the Arkhangelsk province. The first books, according to which M.V. Lomonosov studied to read and write, there were Simeon Polotsky's "Rhymed Psalter" (Fig. 2), "Slovenian Grammar" by Maletiy Smotrytsky (Fig. 3), and "Arithmetic" by Leonty Magnitsky (Fig. 4).

Rice. 2. "Rhymed Psalter" by Simeon of Polotsk ()

Rice. 3. "Slovenian grammar" Melety Smotrytsky ()

Rice. 4. "Arithmetic" by Leonty Magnitsky ()

At the age of 19, Lomonosov left his home and went to study in Moscow. He entered the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy (Fig. 5), among best students graduated from it. After that, he entered the university at the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (Fig. 6) and graduated from it.

Rice. 5. Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy ()

Rice. 6. Petersburg Academy of Sciences ()

He continued his studies at the universities of Europe (Fig. 7) and at the age of 34 he became a professor of chemistry.

Rice. 7. University of Marburg ()

The circle of interests of M.V. Lomonosov includes many sciences, it included mathematics, chemistry, physics, astronomy, geology and geography.

In 1754 he developed a project for the creation of Moscow University. And a year later, in 1755, this university was opened in Moscow, which now bears the name of its founder (Fig. 8).

Rice. 8. Moscow University ()

All his life the scientist was interested in astronomy, probably because he was from Kholmogory. It was there that the first Russian observatory was opened in 1692.

Two thousand years ago in ancient greece lived Claudius Ptolemy (Fig. 9).

Rice. 9. Claudius Ptolemy ()

He argued that the Earth is at the center of the universe. The moon, the sun and the rest of the planets move around it, his teaching was called the "geocentric system". Geocentric system - from the word "geo", which means Earth.

In the 16th century, Nicolaus Copernicus (Fig. 10), a Polish scientist, developed another system of the universe - the Earth and the planets revolve around the Sun (heliocentric system). Heliocentric system - from the word "helios", which means the Sun. But his ideas were not accepted, and his writings were banned for many years.

Rice. 10. Nicolaus Copernicus ()

For a long time the theory of Copernicus was abandoned, even in the 18th century there were few of its supporters.

In 1761 M.V. Lomonosov writes a comic poem called "Two Astronomers Happened Together at a Feast..." (Fig. 11).

Rice. 11. Poem ()

Let's analyze the words and expressions that are outdated in our time in order to make the meaning of the poem clearer (Fig. 12):

Rice. 12. Parsing obsolete expressions ()

Roast - a fried dish, usually meat, or a frying pan in which this dish is cooked.

Copernicus and Ptolemy could not meet, as they lived at different times, with a difference of 1300 years. M.V. Lomonosov connects them at a feast, in a place where important disputes about the universe and the Universe cannot be resolved, with this technique he creates a comical situation.

Disputes about the theories of Ptolemy and Copernicus continued into the 18th century. Mikhail Vasilyevich depicts in his poem two scientists who are arguing heatedly with each other. The cook is next to them, the scientists ask his opinion in order to resolve the dispute. The cook, comparing the hearth with the Sun, explains at the household level that the hearth cannot revolve around the frying pan on which food is fried. This method of comparison is important in literary works.

Bibliography

1. Merkin G.S. Textbook for grade 5 educational institutions. In 2 parts. - Russian word, 2013.
2. Albetkova R.I. Russian literature. From word to literature, grade 5 - 13th ed., erased. - M.: 2013 - 208 p.
3. Korovina V.Ya. etc. Literature. Grade 5 Textbook in 2 parts - 2nd ed. - M.: 2013. Part 1 - 303 p.; Part 2 - 303 p.
4. Buneev R.N., Buneeva E.V. Literature. Grade 5 ("Step beyond the horizon") In 2 books - 2nd ed., Rev. and additional - M.: 2008. - 224 p.
5. Kurdyumova T.F. Literature. Grade 5 Textbook-reader in 2 parts - 13th ed., Sr. - M.: 2011. Part 1 - 256 p.; Part 2 - 256 p.

1. Lomonosov300.ru ().
2. Ras.ru().
3. Physchem.chimfak.rsu.ru ().

Homework

1. In which educational institutions M.V. Lomonosov studied?
2. Name the first books according to which M.V. Lomonosov learned to read and write.
3. In what year M.V. Lomonosov writes a poem "Two Astronomers happened together at a feast ..."?