We are accustomed to treat the Sun as a given. It appears every morning to shine throughout the day, and then disappear over the horizon until the next morning. This continues from century to century. Some worship the Sun, others do not pay attention to it, as they spend most of their time indoors.
Regardless of how we relate to the Sun, it continues to perform its function - it gives light and heat. Everything has its size and shape. So, the Sun has an almost perfect spherical shape. Its diameter is almost the same around the entire circumference. The differences can be on the order of 10 km, which is negligible.
Few people think about how far the star is from us and what size it is. And the numbers are astonishing. Thus, the distance from the Earth to the Sun is 149.6 million kilometers. Moreover, each individual sunbeam reaches the surface of our planet in 8.31 minutes. It is unlikely that in the near future people will learn to fly at the speed of light. Then it would be possible to get to the surface of the star in more than eight minutes.
Sun Dimensions
Everything is relative. If we take our planet and compare it in size with the Sun, it will fit on its surface 109 times. The radius of the star is 695,990 km. At the same time, the mass of the Sun is 333,000 times the mass of the Earth! Moreover, in one second it gives off energy equivalent to 4.26 million tons of mass loss, that is, 3.84x10 to the 26th power of J.
Which of the earthlings can boast that he walked along the equator of the entire planet? Probably, there will be travelers who crossed the Earth on ships and other vehicles. This took a lot of time. It would take them much longer to go around the Sun. It will take at least 109 times more effort and years.
The sun can visually change its size. Sometimes it seems to be several times larger than usual. At other times, on the contrary, it decreases. It all depends on the state of the Earth's atmosphere.
What is the Sun
The sun does not have the same dense mass as most planets. A star can be compared to a spark that constantly gives off heat to the surrounding space. In addition, explosions and plasma separations periodically occur on the surface of the Sun, which greatly affects the well-being of people.
The temperature on the surface of the star is 5770 K, in the center - 15,600,000 K. With an age of 4.57 billion years, the Sun is able to remain the same bright star for a whole
Its planets and stars, especially compared to our Earth.
British astronomer John Brady(John Brady) tried to visualize the scale of objects in our galaxy, superimposing the continents of the earth and our world on celestial bodies .
Many objects are so large that it is difficult to show their actual size.
Dimensions of the planet Earth in comparison
neutron star
Neutron star compared to North East England
A neutron star is a rather strange and unusual object. Although its diameter is only 20 kilometers, its mass is 1.5 times more sun because it is incredibly dense.
So dense that a teaspoon would weigh a billion tons. And if you stood on its surface, you would feel gravity, which is 200 billion times greater than on our planet.
In addition, a neutron star has the ability to rotate, and the speed of the fastest neutron star is 716 times per second.
Mount Olympus on Mars
Martian volcano Olympus is placed in Arizona
Although Mars is a relatively small planet, it contains most big volcano in the solar system- Mount Olympus. It is 3 times higher than Mount Everest, reaching 624 km in width and 26 km high.
At the top of this incredible structure is a 80 km diameter caldera.
Jupiter's moon Io
Comparison of Jupiter's moon Io with North America
Io's satellite is the most volcanic body in the solar system. Its diameter is 3636 km, and the size is close to the size of the Earth's satellite - the Moon. Io is just tiny compared to Jupiter, being 350,000 km away (or 2.5 Jupiters).
Due to Jupiter's gravitational pull, Io's core is molten, and volcanoes on the surface erupt lava, coating Io with yellow sulfur. Lava flows so high that if they were on Earth, they would be taller than the International Space Station.
Dimensions of stars and planets in the solar system
The planet Mars
North America compared to Mars
The planet Mars is not as big as it might seem. If you decided to fly from one side of Mars to the other, it would take 8 hours. The diameter of Mars is 6792 km at the equator, and from pole to pole it is 40 km less.
Mars is the second smallest planet in the solar system after Mercury. Actually Mars' land mass is almost the same as Earth's, and although much smaller than Earth, it has no oceans.
Saturn
In the image, you can see how much Saturn is larger than the Earth in size.
The width of the rings of Saturn would fit 6 planets Earth.
The diameter of the main disk of Saturn can fit almost 10 planets of the Earth, and if it were possible to fill the space inside Saturn, it would fit 764 Lands.
Rings of Saturn
This is what our planet would look like if the Earth were placed instead of the disk of Saturn
Saturn's icy rings are made up of billions of particles, ranging from tiny grains to mountain-sized clumps.
rings reach 1 km thick, and the distance from the inner ring to the outer is 282,000 km, which is three-quarters of the distance from the Earth to the Moon.
Jupiter
Dimensions North America against the backdrop of Jupiter
Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system and its mass is greater than all the planets and moons combined.
Jupiter's diameter is 142,984 km at the equator. This is 11 times the diameter of our planet. Lightning on Jupiter is 1,000 times stronger than on Earth, and the wind speed is upper layers atmosphere can reach 100 meters per second.
In addition, it is the fastest rotating planet that makes rotation around its axis in 10 hours(Earth revolves around g of its axis in 24 hours).
The sun
Earth compared to the Sun
The sun makes up 99.86 percent of the mass of the entire solar system, which means that our Earth, other planets and satellites are just small rubble left after the formation of the Sun 4.5 billion years ago.
An ordinary sunspot easily outshines the Earth with its size. According to the diameter of the sun can fit 109 planets Earth, and to fill the volume of the Sun, it would take 1,300,000 Lands.
Upon closer examination, the Sun looks granular, and in total there are up to 4 million such granules along the diameter of the solar disk, each of them up to 1000 km in size.
In 1 second, the Sun releases more energy than has been produced in the entire history of mankind. It loses 4 billion material every second, but it can live another 5 billion years.
But it is worth remembering that the Sun is only one of the hundreds of billions of stars in our Milky Way galaxy.
Planets of the solar system
According to the official position of the International Astronomical Union (IAU), an organization that assigns names to astronomical objects, there are only 8 planets.
Pluto was removed from the category of planets in 2006. because in the Kuiper belt are objects that are larger / or equal in size to Pluto. Therefore, even if it is taken as a full-fledged celestial body, then it is necessary to add Eris to this category, which has almost the same size with Pluto.
As defined by MAC, there are 8 known planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.
All planets are divided into two categories depending on their physical characteristics: terrestrial group and gas giants.
Schematic representation of the location of the planets
terrestrial planets
Mercury
The smallest planet in the solar system has a radius of only 2440 km. The period of revolution around the Sun, for ease of understanding, equated to the earth's year, is 88 days, while Mercury has time to complete a revolution around its own axis only one and a half times. Thus, its day lasts approximately 59 Earth days. For a long time it was believed that this planet was always turned to the Sun by the same side, since the periods of its visibility from the Earth were repeated with a frequency approximately equal to four Mercury days. This misconception was dispelled with the advent of the possibility of using radar research and conducting constant observations using space stations. The orbit of Mercury is one of the most unstable; not only the speed of movement and its distance from the Sun change, but also the position itself. Anyone interested can observe this effect.
Mercury in color, as seen by the MESSENGER spacecraft
Mercury's proximity to the Sun has caused it to experience the largest temperature fluctuations of any of the planets in our system. The average daytime temperature is about 350 degrees Celsius, and the nighttime temperature is -170 °C. Sodium, oxygen, helium, potassium, hydrogen and argon have been identified in the atmosphere. There is a theory that it was previously a satellite of Venus, but so far this remains unproven. It has no satellites of its own.
Venus
The second planet from the Sun, the atmosphere of which consists almost entirely of carbon dioxide. She is often called morning star and the Evening Star, because it is the first of the stars to become visible after sunset, just as before dawn it continues to be visible even when all the other stars have disappeared from view. The percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is 96%, there is relatively little nitrogen in it - almost 4%, and water vapor and oxygen are present in very small amounts.
Venus in the UV spectrum
Such an atmosphere creates a greenhouse effect, the temperature on the surface because of this is even higher than that of Mercury and reaches 475 ° C. Considered the slowest, the Venusian day lasts 243 Earth days, which is almost equal to a year on Venus - 225 Earth days. Many call it the sister of the Earth because of the mass and radius, the values of which are very close to the earth's indicators. The radius of Venus is 6052 km (0.85% of the earth). There are no satellites, like Mercury.
The third planet from the Sun and the only one in our system where there is liquid water, without which life on the planet could not develop. At least life as we know it. The radius of the Earth is 6371 km and, unlike the rest of the celestial bodies in our system, more than 70% of its surface is covered with water. The rest of the space is occupied by the continents. Another feature of the Earth is the tectonic plates hidden under the planet's mantle. At the same time, they are able to move, albeit at a very low speed, which over time causes a change in the landscape. The speed of the planet moving along it is 29-30 km / s.
Our planet from space
One revolution around its axis takes almost 24 hours, and full walkthrough the orbit lasts 365 days, which is much longer in comparison with the nearest neighboring planets. The Earth day and year are also taken as a standard, but this is done only for the convenience of perceiving time intervals on other planets. The earth has one natural satellite- Moon.
Mars
The fourth planet from the Sun, known for its rarefied atmosphere. Since 1960, Mars has been actively explored by scientists from several countries, including the USSR and the USA. Not all research programs have been successful, but water found in some areas suggests that primitive life exists on Mars, or existed in the past.
The brightness of this planet allows you to see it from Earth without any instruments. Moreover, once every 15-17 years, during the Opposition, it becomes the brightest object in the sky, eclipsing even Jupiter and Venus.
The radius is almost half that of the earth and is 3390 km, but the year is much longer - 687 days. He has 2 satellites - Phobos and Deimos .
Visual model of the solar system
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The sun
The sun is a star, which is a hot ball of hot gases at the center of our solar system. Its influence extends far beyond the orbits of Neptune and Pluto. Without the Sun and its intense energy and heat, there would be no life on Earth. There are billions of stars, like our Sun, scattered throughout the galaxy. Milky Way.
Mercury
Sun-scorched Mercury is only slightly larger than Earth's moon. Like the Moon, Mercury is practically devoid of an atmosphere and cannot smooth out the traces of impact from the fall of meteorites, therefore, like the Moon, it is covered with craters. The day side of Mercury is very hot on the Sun, and on the night side the temperature drops hundreds of degrees below zero. In the craters of Mercury, which are located at the poles, there is ice. Mercury makes one revolution around the Sun in 88 days.
Venus
Venus is a world of monstrous heat (even more than on Mercury) and volcanic activity. Similar in structure and size to Earth, Venus is covered in a thick and toxic atmosphere that creates a strong greenhouse effect. This scorched world is hot enough to melt lead. Radar images through the mighty atmosphere revealed volcanoes and deformed mountains. Venus rotates in the opposite direction from the rotation of most planets.
Earth is an ocean planet. Our home, with its abundance of water and life, makes it unique in our solar system. Other planets, including several moons, also have ice deposits, atmospheres, seasons, and even weather, but only on Earth did all these components come together in such a way that life became possible.
Mars
Although details of the surface of Mars are difficult to see from Earth, telescope observations show that Mars has seasons and white spots at the poles. For decades, people have assumed that the bright and dark areas on Mars are patches of vegetation and that Mars might be a suitable place for life, and that water exists in the polar caps. When spacecraft Mariner 4 flew to Mars in 1965, many of the scientists were shocked to see photos of the gloomy planet covered with craters. Mars turned out to be a dead planet. More recent missions, however, have shown that Mars holds many mysteries that have yet to be solved.
Jupiter
Jupiter is the most massive planet in our solar system, has four large moons and many small moons. Jupiter forms a kind of miniature solar system. To turn into a full-fledged star, Jupiter had to become 80 times more massive.
Saturn
Saturn is the most distant of the five planets that were known before the invention of the telescope. Like Jupiter, Saturn is made up mostly of hydrogen and helium. Its volume is 755 times that of the Earth. Winds in its atmosphere reach speeds of 500 meters per second. These fast winds, combined with heat rising from the planet's interior, cause the yellow and golden streaks we see in the atmosphere.
Uranus
The first planet found with a telescope, Uranus was discovered in 1781 by astronomer William Herschel. The seventh planet is so far from the Sun that one revolution around the Sun takes 84 years.
Neptune
Nearly 4.5 billion kilometers from the Sun, distant Neptune rotates. It takes 165 years to complete one revolution around the Sun. It is invisible to the naked eye due to its vast distance from Earth. Interestingly, his unusual elliptical orbit, intersects with the orbit of the dwarf planet Pluto, which is why Pluto is inside the orbit of Neptune for about 20 out of 248 years during which it makes one revolution around the Sun.
Pluto
Tiny, cold and incredibly distant, Pluto was discovered in 1930 and has long been considered the ninth planet. But after the discoveries of Pluto-like worlds that were even further away, Pluto was reclassified dwarf planets in 2006 year.
The planets are giants
There are four gas giants located beyond the orbit of Mars: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. They are in the outer solar system. They differ in their massiveness and gas composition.
planets solar system, not to scale
Jupiter
Fifth from the Sun and largest planet our system. Its radius is 69912 km, it is 19 times more earth and only 10 times smaller than the Sun. A year on Jupiter is not the longest in the solar system, lasting 4333 Earth days (incomplete 12 years). His own day has a duration of about 10 Earth hours. The exact composition of the planet's surface has not yet been determined, but it is known that krypton, argon and xenon are present on Jupiter in much larger quantities than on the Sun.
There is an opinion that one of the four gas giants is actually a failed star. This theory is also supported by the largest number of satellites, of which Jupiter has many - as many as 67. To imagine their behavior in the orbit of the planet, a fairly accurate and clear model of the solar system is needed. The largest of them are Callisto, Ganymede, Io and Europa. At the same time, Ganymede is the largest satellite of the planets in the entire solar system, its radius is 2634 km, which is 8% larger than the size of Mercury, the smallest planet in our system. Io has the distinction of being one of only three moons with an atmosphere.
Saturn
The second largest planet and the sixth largest in the solar system. In comparison with other planets, the composition is most similar to the Sun chemical elements. The surface radius is 57,350 km, the year is 10,759 days (almost 30 Earth years). A day here lasts a little longer than on Jupiter - 10.5 Earth hours. In terms of the number of satellites, it is not far behind its neighbor - 62 versus 67. The largest satellite of Saturn is Titan, just like Io, which is distinguished by the presence of an atmosphere. Slightly smaller than it, but no less famous for this - Enceladus, Rhea, Dione, Tethys, Iapetus and Mimas. It is these satellites that are the objects for the most frequent observation, and therefore we can say that they are the most studied in comparison with the rest.
For a long time, the rings on Saturn were considered a unique phenomenon, inherent only to him. Only recently it was found that all gas giants have rings, but the rest are not so clearly visible. Their origin has not yet been established, although there are several hypotheses about how they appeared. In addition, it was recently discovered that Rhea, one of the satellites of the sixth planet, also has some kind of rings.
Our solar system is made up of the sun, planets orbiting it, and smaller celestial bodies. All of these are mysterious and amazing, because they are still not fully understood. Below will be indicated the sizes of the planets of the solar system in ascending order, and briefly talk about the planets themselves.
There is a well-known list of planets in which they are listed in order of their distance from the Sun:
Pluto used to be in last place, but in 2006 it lost its status as a planet, as larger celestial bodies were found farther away. These planets are divided into stone (inner) and giant planets.
Brief information about the stone planets
The inner (stone) planets include those bodies that are located inside the asteroid belt that separates Mars and Jupiter. They got their name "stone" because they consist of various hard rocks, minerals and metals. They are united by a small number or even the absence of satellites and rings (like Saturn). On the surface of the stone planets there are volcanoes, depressions and craters formed as a result of the fall of other cosmic bodies.
But if we compare their sizes and arrange them in ascending order, the list will look like this:
Brief information about the giant planets
The giant planets are located beyond the asteroid belt and therefore they are also called outer. They consist of very light gases - hydrogen and helium. These include:
But if you make a list by the size of the planets in the solar system in ascending order, then the order changes:
A little information about the planets
In modern scientific understanding, a planet means a celestial body that revolves around the Sun and has enough mass for its own gravity. Thus, there are 8 planets in our system, and, importantly, these bodies are not similar to each other: each has its own unique differences, as in appearance, and in the very components of the planet.
- This is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest among the rest. It weighs 20 times less than the Earth! But, despite this, it has a sufficiently high density, which allows us to conclude that there are a lot of metals in its depths. Due to its close proximity to the Sun, Mercury is subject to sharp temperature changes: at night it is very cold, during the day the temperature rises sharply.
- This is the next planet close to the Sun, in many ways similar to the Earth. It has a more powerful atmosphere than the Earth, and is considered a very hot planet (its temperature is above 500 C).
- This unique planet due to its hydrosphere, and the presence of life on it led to the appearance of oxygen in its atmosphere. Most of the surface is covered with water, and the rest is occupied by the continents. A unique feature is the tectonic plates, which move, albeit very slowly, which leads to a change in the landscape. The Earth has one satellite - the Moon.
Also known as the "Red Planet". It gets its fiery red color from a large number iron oxides. Mars has a very rarefied atmosphere and a much smaller atmospheric pressure compared to the earth. Mars has two satellites - Deimos and Phobos.
- this is a real giant among the planets of the solar system. Its weight is 2.5 times the weight of all the planets combined. The surface of the planet is made up of helium and hydrogen and is similar in many ways to the sun. Therefore, it is not surprising that there is no life on this planet - no water and no solid surface. But Jupiter has big number satellites: on this moment known 67.
- this planet is famous for the presence of rings, consisting of ice and dust, revolving around the planet. With its atmosphere, it resembles that of Jupiter, and is slightly smaller in size than this giant planet. In terms of the number of satellites, Saturn is also slightly behind - it knows 62 of them. The largest satellite, Titan, is larger than Mercury.
- the most light planet among the outside. Its atmosphere is the coldest in the entire system (minus 224 degrees), it has a magnetosphere and 27 satellites. Uranus is made up of hydrogen and helium, and ammonia ice and methane have also been noted. Due to the fact that Uranus has a large axial tilt, it seems that the planet is rolling rather than rotating.
- despite being smaller than y, it is heavier than it and exceeds the mass of the Earth. This is the only planet that was found through mathematical calculations, and not thanks to astronomical observations. On this planet, the strongest winds in the solar system were recorded. Neptune has 14 moons, one of which, Triton, is the only one that rotates backwards.
It is very difficult to imagine all the scales of the solar system within the studied planets. It seems to people that the Earth is a huge planet, and, in comparison with other celestial bodies, it is. But if you put giant planets next to it, then the Earth already takes on tiny sizes. Of course, next to the Sun, all celestial bodies seem small, so to represent all the planets in their full scale is a difficult task.
The most famous classification of the planets is their distance from the Sun. But a listing that takes into account the sizes of the planets of the solar system in ascending order will also be correct. The list will be presented as follows:
As you can see, the order has not changed much: on the first lines inner planets, and the first place is occupied by Mercury, and in other positions - outer planets. In fact, it doesn’t matter at all in what order the planets are located, from this they will not become less mysterious and beautiful.
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Comparative sizes of the Sun, Earth and other planets.
Earth is the third planet from the Sun (the proportions of the sizes of all planets and the Sun are observed). So you can draw the circumference of the Sun and understand how small the Earth is
Closest to the Sun (at an average distance of 58 million km) is the planet Mercury. It is much smaller than the Earth. There is no atmosphere on Mercury, which means there can be no life; Mercury always has the same half facing the Sun. Mercury is very difficult to observe from Earth, most often it is lost in the rays of the Sun.
Farther than Mercury (on average, at a distance of 108 million km from the Sun), the planet Venus, the brightest luminary in the sky after the Sun and the Moon, circulates. Venus is almost the same size and mass as Earth. Venus is surrounded by an air atmosphere. Dense clouds hide its surface from us.
The third planet is our Earth. Behind it, at a distance of 228 million km from the Sun, the planet Mars circulates. This planet is much smaller than Earth, but larger than Mercury. Mars is surrounded by an atmosphere, but less dense than Earth's. The transparency of the atmosphere of Mars allowed astronomers to learn a lot about the structure of its surface and find out that Mars has a very harsh climate. Currently, scientists are debating the question of whether certain types of plants can exist on Mars. Whether there is life on Mars and Venus is one of the exciting questions of science. It will probably be possible to find out
you're human to these planets. Probably, such flights will be carried out in our century.
Much farther from the Sun (5 times farther than the Earth) the planet Jupiter orbits. This is the largest of the planets in the solar system, 1312 times the volume of the Earth. Somewhat smaller than Jupiter, the planet following it is Saturn (9 times farther from the Sun than the Earth). Next come two planets: Uranus (19 times farther from the Sun than Earth) and Neptune (30 times farther). Both of them are smaller than Saturn, but much larger than the Earth. These four planets are called "giant planets". They are surrounded by vast atmospheres of poisonous gases. Cold prevails on these planets (temperature 150-220° below zero), and it is clear that there is no need to talk about the possibility of life on them.
And, finally, very far (40 times farther than the Earth from the Sun) revolves around the Sun another planet - Pluto, the nature of which is still very little known.
Whether there are planets even more distant than Pluto, or whether the solar system "ends" with Pluto, we do not yet know.
There are many more minor planets in the solar system (most of them revolve around the Sun between Mars and Jupiter). Many large planets have satellites revolving around them, similar to the Moon, the Earth's satellite (for example, Jupiter has 12 known satellites). Comets roam between the planets, also subject to solar gravity.
The sun is one of the stars closest to us. The nearest star after the Sun is 40 trillion kilometers away from the Earth. A light beam (running 300 thousand km per second) comes from the star closest to the Earth for 4 1/3 years, while it comes from the Sun in 8 minutes, and from the Moon in 1.4 seconds.
The stars are much more diverse than the planets of the solar system. There are stars many times larger and more massive than the sun and the stars are smaller than him. Stars are known that radiate much more heat and light than the Sun, and the stars are comparatively "cold". There is no doubt that planets revolve around many stars, that life exists on some of the planets. But even the most powerful modern telescopes cannot detect planets around nearby stars.
AT clear night a wide band of the Milky Way is visible in the sky. This is a huge number of stars that are not distinguishable with the naked eye separately due to remoteness. The Milky Way and all the other stars visible in the sky form our Galaxy - a huge star system. It contains over 150 billion stars, and the Sun is just one of them. The Sun (and with it the Earth and other planets) is not in the center of the Galaxy, but closer to its border. A ray of light travels through our entire star system in about 100,000 years.
With strong telescopes, very small hazy spots can be seen in the sky. These are star systems similar to our galaxy, some much larger than it. They are so far from the Earth that the light from them reaches us for millions, hundreds of millions and even billions of years.
Even in ancient times, people contemplated the starry sky. Even then it was not just admiring the majestic picture of the sky. In the sky, changes were noticed that are closely related to the phenomena taking place on Earth.
The sun rises above the horizon every morning, rises above it, reaching greatest height at noon and then goes to sunset. This is repeated every day. The sun rose and the day began. The sun went down, the day ended, the night began.
It has long been observed that most of the stars appear every evening in the eastern part of the sky, rise above the horizon, reaching their greatest height above it in the southern part of the sky, and then set in the western part of the horizon. The next evening, each star rises again at the same point in the sky as the day before.
However, long and systematic observations of the sky were needed (they were already carried out in ancient times) in order to notice that the Sun moves across the sky from day to day, from month to month, making a full circle in it in approximately 365 1/4 days, i.e., during the time when the seasons change on Earth. At the same time, the Sun each time moves across the sky along the same path, past the same stars. If at this or that moment of a given year the Sun is near such and such stars, then it was so at the same time of the year many years ago, and so it will be many years later.
The moon appears in the form of a narrow crescent, then "grows", reaches the full moon and decreases again to a crescent, then becomes invisible at the new moon. And all this happens in 29 days.
Since ancient times, "wandering" luminaries have been noticed - planets that move across the sky. People formed the opinion that the Earth is motionless, and the entire firmament of heaven with countless stars rotates around it every day. The sun makes circles around the earth complex movement- daily, together with the vault of heaven, and annual, moving among the stars. The moon revolves around the earth in 29 days, and the planets at different times.
The erroneous notion that the earth rests at the center of the universe and that the celestial bodies were created only to light and warm the earth was supported by the reactionary teaching of the church.
Our Earth is great. Its nature is diverse, the wealth of its bowels is incalculable. And at the same time, the huge Earth is only one of the planets revolving around the Sun.
Compared to the Earth, the Sun is a gigantic hot ball. Its diameter is 109 times the diameter of the Earth, and its volume is 1301 thousand times greater than the volume of the globe. The average distance from the Earth to the Sun is 149,500 thousand km (approximately). Therefore, the Sun appears in the sky as a small disk.
The sun radiates into world space a lot of light and heat. Only an insignificant part of this heat and light - less than one two-billionth part - is received by the Earth. But even this is quite enough to illuminate and warm the Earth and everything living on it for billions of years.
All bodies in nature have the property of attracting each other. This property of bodies is called "gravity". The greater the mass of the body (i.e., the more matter contained in it), the greater the force of attraction inherent in it.
The mass of the Earth is very large - it is six sextillion tons.
The powerful force of gravity holds everything on Earth. In our time, the gigantic successes of science and technology for the first time made it possible to overcome the gravity of the earth and launch into the world space artificial satellites Earth and spaceships.
The mass of the Sun is 333 thousand times greater than the mass of the Earth. The force of attraction of the Sun is so great that it subjugates all the planets, makes them move, or, as they say, turn around the Sun. The planets are the "eternal satellites" of the Sun. Nine planets revolve around the Sun, among them the Earth.
And for a snack, the ratio of the mass of the Sun to the masses of Black holes in the Galaxy
And even more large object than a black hole Quasar is a bright object at the center of a galaxy that produces about 10 trillion times more energy per second than our Sun and whose radiation is highly variable across all wavelengths
