1. If the Sun were the size of an ordinary front door, then the Earth would be the size of a keyhole, and Uranus would be no bigger than a soccer ball.
2. Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun, the distance of Uranus from the Sun is 2.9 billion km, or 19.19 astronomical units (1 AU is equal to the average distance of the Earth from the Sun, 149,597,870.7 km).
3. Uranus rotates around its axis in about 17 hours (a uranian day), and a complete revolution around the Sun (Uranic year) lasts about 84 Earth years.
4. Uranus rotates around its axis "lying on its side slightly upside down." If other planets solar system can be compared with spinning tops, then Uranus is like a rolling ball.
5. Uranus was the first planet to be discovered with a telescope.
6. Uranus is the most cold planet solar system. The bowels of Uranus are composed of ice rocks formed by water, methane and ammonia. The atmosphere of Uranus consists of hydrogen and helium, the minimum temperature is 224°C. Science does not know why the planet's heat flux is much less than that of other giant planets.
7. There are 27 moons revolving around Uranus. named after the works of William Shakespeare and Alexander Pope.
8. Uranus has thin rings that are made up of very dark and small particles. 13 rings of different transparency are known. The inner rings are narrow and dark, while the outer rings are brightly colored.
9. Voyager 2 is the only spaceship who visited Uranus.
10. There is no life on Uranus as we know it.

The solar system is a group of planets revolving in certain orbits around a bright star - the Sun. This luminary is the main source of heat and light in the solar system.

It is believed that our system of planets was formed as a result of the explosion of one or more stars and this happened about 4.5 billion years ago. At first, the solar system was a collection of gas and dust particles, however, over time and under the influence of its own mass, the Sun and other planets arose.

Planets of the solar system

In the center of the solar system is the Sun, around which eight planets move in their orbits: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.

Until 2006, Pluto also belongs to this group of planets, it was considered the 9th planet from the Sun, however, due to its considerable distance from the Sun and its small size, it was excluded from this list and called a dwarf planet. Rather, it is one of several dwarf planets in the Kuiper belt.

All the above planets are usually divided into two large groups: the terrestrial group and the gas giants.

The terrestrial group includes such planets as: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars. They are distinguished by their small size and rocky surface, and in addition, they are located closer than the others to the Sun.

The gas giants include: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. They are characterized by large sizes and the presence of rings, which are ice dust and rocky pieces. These planets are made up mostly of gas.

Mercury

This planet is one of the smallest in the solar system, its diameter is 4,879 km. In addition, it is closest to the Sun. This neighborhood predetermined a significant temperature difference. The average temperature on Mercury during the day is +350 degrees Celsius, and at night it is -170 degrees.

1. Mercury is the first planet from the Sun.
2. There are no seasons on Mercury. The tilt of the planet's axis is almost perpendicular to the plane of the planet's orbit around the Sun.
3. The temperature on the surface of Mercury is not the highest, although the planet is located closest to the Sun. He lost first place to Venus.
4. First research apparatus the one who visited Mercury was Mariner 10. It conducted a number of demonstration flybys in 1974.
5. A day on Mercury lasts 59 Earth days, and a year is only 88 days.
6. On Mercury, the most dramatic temperature changes are observed, which reach 610 ° C. During the day, the temperature can reach 430 ° C, and at night -180 ° C.
7. The force of gravity on the surface of the planet is only 38% of the Earth's. This means that on Mercury you could jump three times as high, and it would be easier to lift heavy objects.
8. The first telescope observations of Mercury were made by Galileo Galilei in the early 17th century.
9. Mercury does not natural satellites.
10. The first official map of the surface of Mercury was published only in 2009, thanks to data obtained from spacecraft Mariner 10 and Messenger.

Venus

This planet is the second from the Sun. In size, it is close to the diameter of the Earth, the diameter is 12,104 km. In all other respects, Venus is significantly different from our planet. A day here lasts 243 Earth days, and a year - 255 days. The atmosphere of Venus is 95% carbon dioxide, which creates a greenhouse effect on its surface. This leads to the fact that the average temperature on the planet is 475 degrees Celsius. The atmosphere also includes 5% nitrogen and 0.1% oxygen.

1. Venus is the second planet from the Sun in the solar system.
2. Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system, although it is the second planet from the Sun. Surface temperature can reach 475°C.
   
3. The first spacecraft sent to explore Venus was launched from Earth on February 12, 1961 and was called Venera 1.
4. Venus is one of two planets that has a different direction of rotation than most planets in the solar system.
5. The orbit of the planet around the Sun is very close to circular.
6. The day and night temperatures of the surface of Venus are practically the same due to the large thermal inertia of the atmosphere.
7. Venus makes one revolution around the Sun in 225 Earth days, and one revolution around its axis in 243 Earth days, that is, one day on Venus lasts more than one year.
8. The first telescope observations of Venus were made by Galileo Galilei in the early 17th century.
9. Venus has no natural satellites.
10. Venus is the third brightest object in the sky, after the Sun and Moon.

Earth

Our planet is located at a distance of 150 million km from the Sun, and this allows us to create on its surface a temperature suitable for the existence of water in liquid form, and, therefore, for the emergence of life.

Its surface is 70% covered with water, and it is the only one of the planets that has such an amount of liquid. It is believed that many thousands of years ago, the steam contained in the atmosphere created the temperature on the Earth's surface necessary for the formation of water in liquid form, and solar radiation contributed to photosynthesis and the birth of life on the planet.

1. Earth is the third planet from the sun in the solar system.a;
2. One natural satellite revolves around our planet - the Moon;
   
3. Earth is the only planet not named after a divine being;
4. The Earth's density is the largest of all the planets in the solar system;
5. The speed of the Earth's rotation is gradually slowing down;
6. The average distance from the Earth to the Sun is 1 astronomical unit (a conventional measure of length in astronomy), which is approximately 150 million km;
7. The earth has magnetic field sufficient strength to protect living organisms on its surface from harmful solar radiation;
8. First artificial satellite The Earth under the name PS-1 (The simplest satellite - 1) was launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome on the Sputnik launch vehicle on October 4, 1957;
9. In orbit around the Earth, compared with other planets, there is the largest number of spacecraft;
10. Earth is the largest terrestrial planet in the solar system;

Mars

This planet is the fourth in a row from the Sun and is 1.5 times more distant from it than the Earth. The diameter of Mars is smaller than Earth's and is 6,779 km. The average air temperature on the planet ranges from -155 degrees to +20 degrees at the equator. The magnetic field on Mars is much weaker than that of the Earth, and the atmosphere is quite rarefied, which allows solar radiation to freely affect the surface. In this regard, if there is life on Mars, it is not on the surface.

When surveyed with the help of rovers, it was found that there are many mountains on Mars, as well as dried riverbeds and glaciers. The surface of the planet is covered with red sand. Iron oxide gives Mars its color.

1. Mars is located on the fourth orbit from the Sun;
2. On the Red Planet is the most high volcano in the solar system;
   
3. Of the 40 exploration missions sent to Mars, only 18 were successful;
4. On Mars, the largest dust storms in the solar system;
5. In 30-50 million years, a system of rings will be located around Mars, like that of Saturn;
6. Fragments of Mars have been found on Earth;
7. The sun from the surface of Mars looks half as large as from the surface of the Earth;
   
8. Mars is the only planet in the solar system that has polar ice caps;
9. Two natural satellites revolve around Mars - Deimos and Phobos;
10. Mars has no magnetic field;

Jupiter

This planet is the largest in the solar system and has a diameter of 139,822 km, which is 19 times larger than the earth. A day on Jupiter lasts 10 hours, and a year is approximately 12 Earth years. Jupiter is mainly composed of xenon, argon, and krypton. If it were 60 times larger, it could become a star due to a spontaneous thermonuclear reaction.

The average temperature on the planet is -150 degrees Celsius. The atmosphere is made up of hydrogen and helium. There is no oxygen or water on its surface. There is an assumption that there is ice in the atmosphere of Jupiter.

1. Jupiter is located in the fifth orbit from the Sun;
2. In the earth's sky, Jupiter is the fourth brightest object, after the Sun, Moon and Venus;
   
3. Jupiter has the shortest day of all the planets in the solar system;
4. In Jupiter's atmosphere, one of the longest and most powerful storms in the solar system, better known as the Great Red Spot, rages;
5. Jupiter's moon, Ganymede, is the most big moon in the solar system;
6. Around Jupiter is a thin system of rings;
7. Jupiter was visited by 8 research vehicles;
   
8. Jupiter has a strong magnetic field;
   
9. If Jupiter were 80 times more massive, it would become a star;
10. There are 67 natural satellites revolving around Jupiter. This is the largest figure in the solar system;

Saturn

This planet is the second largest in the solar system. Its diameter is 116,464 km. It is most similar in composition to the Sun. A year on this planet lasts quite a long time, almost 30 Earth years, and a day is 10.5 hours. The average surface temperature is -180 degrees.

Its atmosphere consists mainly of hydrogen and a small amount of helium. In her upper layers thunderstorms and aurora often occur.

1. Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun;
2. Saturn's atmosphere has some of the strongest winds in the solar system;
   
3. Saturn is one of the least dense planets in the solar system;
   
4. Around the planet is the most big system rings in the solar system;
5. One day on the planet lasts almost one Earth year and is equal to 378 Earth days;
6. Saturn was visited by 4 research spacecraft;
7. Saturn together with Jupiter make up approximately 92% of the entire planetary mass of the solar system;
8. One year on the planet lasts 29.5 Earth years;
9. There are 62 known natural satellites revolving around the planet;
10. Currently, the automatic interplanetary station Cassini is engaged in the study of Saturn and its rings;

Uranus

Uranus, computer artwork.

Uranus is the third largest planet in the solar system and the seventh from the Sun. It has a diameter of 50,724 km. It is also called the "ice planet", as the temperature on its surface is -224 degrees. A day on Uranus lasts 17 hours, and a year is 84 Earth years. At the same time, summer lasts as long as winter - 42 years. Such a natural phenomenon due to the fact that the axis of that planet is located at an angle of 90 degrees to the orbit and it turns out that Uranus, as it were, "lies on its side."

1. Uranus is located in the seventh orbit from the Sun;
2. The first to know about the existence of Uranus was William Herschel in 1781;
   
3. Only one spacecraft has visited Uranus, Voyager 2 in 1982;
4. Uranus is the coldest planet in the solar system;
5. The equatorial plane of Uranus is inclined to the plane of its orbit almost at a right angle - that is, the planet rotates retrograde, "lying on its side slightly upside down";
6. The moons of Uranus bear names taken from the works of William Shakespeare and Alexander Pope, not from Greek or Roman mythology;
7. A day on Uranus lasts about 17 Earth hours;
8. There are 13 known rings around Uranus;
9. One year on Uranus lasts 84 Earth years;
10. There are 27 known natural satellites revolving around Uranus;

Neptune

Neptune is the eighth planet from the Sun. In its composition and size, it is similar to its neighbor Uranus. The diameter of this planet is 49,244 km. A day on Neptune lasts 16 hours, and a year is equal to 164 Earth years. Neptune belongs to the ice giants and for a long time it was believed that no weather events occur on its icy surface. However, it has recently been found that Neptune has raging eddies and wind speeds the highest of the planets in the solar system. It reaches 700 km / h.

Neptune has 14 moons, the most famous of which is Triton. It is known that it has its own atmosphere.

Neptune also has rings. This planet has 6.

1. Neptune is the most distant planet in the solar system and occupies the eighth orbit from the Sun;
2. Mathematicians were the first to know about the existence of Neptune;
   
3. There are 14 moons circling Neptune;
4. The orbit of Nepputna is removed from the Sun by an average of 30 AU;
5. One day on Neptune lasts 16 Earth hours;
6. Neptune has only been visited by one spacecraft, Voyager 2;
7. Around Neptune there is a system of rings;
8. Neptune has the second highest gravity after Jupiter;
9. One year on Neptune lasts 164 Earth years;
10. The atmosphere on Neptune is extremely active;

1. Jupiter is considered the largest planet in the solar system.
2. There are 5 dwarf planets in the solar system, one of which was reclassified as Pluto.
3. There are very few asteroids in the solar system.
4. Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system.
5. About 99% of the space (by volume) is occupied by the Sun in the solar system.
6. One of the most beautiful and original places in the solar system is the satellite of Saturn. There you can see a huge concentration of ethane and liquid methane.
7. Our solar system has a tail that resembles a four-leaf clover.
8. The sun follows a continuous 11-year cycle.
9. There are 8 planets in the solar system.
10. The solar system is fully formed thanks to a large gas and dust cloud.
11. Spacecraft flew to all the planets of the solar system.
12. Venus is the only planet in the solar system that rotates counterclockwise on its axis.
13. Uranus has 27 moons.
14. The largest mountain is on Mars.
15. A huge mass of objects in the solar system fell on the Sun.
16. The solar system is part of the Milky Way galaxy.
17. The sun is the central object of the solar system.
18. The solar system is often divided into regions.
19. The sun is a key component of the solar system.
20. The solar system was formed about 4.5 billion years ago.
21. Pluto is the most distant planet in the solar system.
22. Two regions in the solar system are filled with small bodies.
23. The solar system is built contrary to all the laws of the universe.
24. If we compare the solar system and space, then it is just a grain of sand in it.
25. Over the past few centuries, the solar system has lost 2 planets: Vulcan and Pluto.
26. Researchers claim that the solar system was created artificially.
27. The only satellite in the solar system that has a dense atmosphere and whose surface cannot be seen due to cloud cover is Titan.
28. The region of the solar system beyond the orbit of Neptune is called the Kuiper Belt.
29. The Oort cloud is a region of the solar system that serves as the source of a comet and a long period of revolution.
30. Every object in the solar system is held there by gravity.
31. The leading theory of the solar system proposes the emergence of planets and satellites from a huge cloud.
32. The solar system is considered the most secret particle of the universe.
33. There is a huge asteroid belt in the solar system.
34. On Mars you can see the eruption of the big volcano solar system, which is named Olympus.
35. Pluto is considered to be the outskirts of the solar system.
36. Jupiter has a large ocean of liquid water.
37. The Moon is the largest satellite in the solar system.
38. by the most big asteroid The solar system is Pallas.
39. The brightest planet in the solar system is Venus.
40. The majority of the solar system is made up of hydrogen.
41. Earth is an equal member of the solar system.
42. The sun heats up slowly.
43. Oddly enough, the largest reserves of water in the solar system are in the sun.
44. The plane of the equator of each planet in the solar system diverges from the plane of the orbit.
45. The satellite of Mars with the name Phobos is an anomaly of the solar system.
46. The solar system can amaze with its diversity and scale.
47. The planets of the solar system are influenced by the sun.
48. The outer shell of the solar system is considered the haven of satellites and gas giants.
49. A huge number of planetary satellites of the solar system are dead.
50. The largest asteroid, with a diameter of 950 km, is called Ceres.

The solar system includes the central the star - the Sun - and all natural space objects revolving around the Sun. It was formed by gravitational compression of a gas and dust cloud approximately 4.57 billion years ago.

There are two regions in the solar system filled with small bodies The asteroid belt, located between Mars and Jupiter, is similar in composition to the terrestrial planets, since it consists of silicates and metals. The largest objects The asteroid belts are the dwarf planet Ceres and the asteroids Pallas, Vesta and Hygiea. Beyond the orbit of Neptune are trans-Neptunian objects consisting of frozen water, ammonia and methane, the largest of which are Pluto, Sedna, Haumea, Makemake, Quaoar, Orki Eris. There are other populations of small bodies in the solar system, such as planetary quasi-satellites and Trojans, near-Earth asteroids, centaurs, damocloids, as well as comets, meteoroids and space dust moving through the system.

The sun:

The sun is the only star in the solar system. Other objects of this system revolve around the Sun: planets and their satellites, dwarf planets and their satellites, asteroids, meteorites, comets and cosmic dust. The mass of the Sun is 99.866% of the total mass of the entire solar system . Solar radiation supports life on Earth (light is necessary for the initial stages of photosynthesis), determines the climate. The sun consists of hydrogen (~73% by mass and ~92% by volume), helium (~25% by mass and ~7% by volume) and other elements with a lower concentration: iron, nickel, oxygen, nitrogen, silicon, sulfur, magnesium, carbon, neon, calcium and chromium. There are 98,000 helium atoms, 851 oxygen atoms, 398 carbon atoms, 123 neon atoms, 100 nitrogen atoms, 47 iron atoms, 38 magnesium atoms, 35 silicon atoms, 16 sulfur atoms, 4 argon atoms, 3 aluminum atoms per 1 million hydrogen atoms. , 2 atoms of nickel, sodium and calcium, as well as a small amount of other elements.

Mercury:

Mars:

Mars- the fourth largest planet from the Sun and the seventh largest planet in the solar system; the mass of the planet is 10.7% of the mass of the Earth. Named after Mars - the ancient Roman god of war, corresponding to the ancient Greek Ares.

Earth:

On March 13, 1781, English astronomer William Herschel discovered the seventh planet in the solar system - Uranus. And on March 13, 1930, American astronomer Clyde Tombaugh discovered the ninth planet in the solar system - Pluto. By the beginning of the 21st century, it was believed that the solar system included nine planets. However, in 2006, the International Astronomical Union decided to strip Pluto of this status.

There are already 60 known natural satellites of Saturn, most of which have been discovered using spacecraft. Most satellites are made up of rocks and ice. The largest satellite, Titan, discovered in 1655 by Christian Huygens, is larger than the planet Mercury. The diameter of Titan is about 5200 km. Titan orbits Saturn every 16 days. Titan is the only satellite to have a very dense atmosphere, 1.5 times the size of Earth's, and consisting mostly of 90% nitrogen, with a moderate amount of methane.

The International Astronomical Union officially recognized Pluto as a planet in May 1930. At that moment, it was assumed that its mass was comparable to the mass of the Earth, but later it was found that the mass of Pluto is almost 500 times less than the Earth's, even less than the mass of the Moon. The mass of Pluto is 1.2 times 1022 kg (0.22 Earth masses). The average distance of Pluto from the Sun is 39.44 AU. (5.9 by 10 to the 12th degree km), the radius is about 1.65 thousand km. The period of revolution around the Sun is 248.6 years, the period of rotation around its axis is 6.4 days. The composition of Pluto supposedly includes rock and ice; the planet has a thin atmosphere composed of nitrogen, methane and carbon monoxide. Pluto has three moons: Charon, Hydra and Nyx.

At the end of XX and early XXI centuries, many objects have been discovered in the outer part of the solar system. It has become clear that Pluto is only one of the largest Kuiper belt objects known to date. Moreover, at least one of the objects of the belt - Eris - is a larger body than Pluto and 27% heavier than it. In this regard, the idea arose to no longer consider Pluto as a planet. On August 24, 2006, at the XXVI General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union (IAU), it was decided to henceforth call Pluto not a "planet", but a "dwarf planet".

At the conference, a new definition of the planet was developed, according to which planets are considered to be bodies that revolve around a star (and are not themselves a star), have a hydrostatically balanced shape and have "cleared" the area in the region of their orbit from other, smaller, objects. Dwarf planets will be considered objects that revolve around a star, have a hydrostatically equilibrium shape, but have not "cleared" the nearby space and are not satellites. planets and dwarf planets are two different classes of objects in the solar system. All other objects revolving around the Sun and not being satellites will be called small bodies of the solar system.

Thus, since 2006, there have been eight planets in the solar system: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. Five dwarf planets are officially recognized by the International Astronomical Union: Ceres, Pluto, Haumea, Makemake, and Eris.

On June 11, 2008, the IAU announced the introduction of the concept of "plutoid". It was decided to call plutoids celestial bodies, revolving around the Sun in an orbit whose radius is greater than the radius of Neptune's orbit, the mass of which is sufficient to gravitational forces gave them an almost spherical shape, and which do not clear the space around their orbit (that is, many small objects circle around them).

Since it is still difficult to determine the shape and thus the relation to the class of dwarf planets for such distant objects as plutoids, scientists recommended temporarily assigning to plutoids all objects whose absolute asteroid magnitude (brilliance from a distance of one astronomical unit) is brighter than +1. If later it turns out that the object assigned to the plutoids is not a dwarf planet, it will be deprived of this status, although the assigned name will be left. The dwarf planets Pluto and Eris were classified as plutoids. In July 2008, Makemake was included in this category. On September 17, 2008, Haumea was added to the list.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources