There is one easy way to memorize the planets of the solar system for children. However, for adults too. It is very similar to how we remember the colors of the rainbow. All children love various counting rhymes, thanks to which information settles in memory for a long time.
D To memorize the planets of the solar system, we suggest that you learn a rhyme with the guys that you can compose yourself, or use the work of A. Hight:
All the planets in order
Call any of us:
Once - Mercury,
Two is Venus
Three is Earth
Four is Mars.
Five is Jupiter
Six is Saturn
Seven is Uranus
Behind him is Neptune.
Think back to remembering the colors of the rainbow as a child. With the names of the planets, the same principle can be applied. Construct a phrase, each word of which will begin with the same letter as the planet of the solar system in the order of its location from the sun. For example:
We
Mercury
Let's meet
Venus
Tomorrow
Earth
My
Mars
young
Jupiter
Companion
Saturn
Gonna fly Now
Uranus
not for long
Neptune
This is just an example, in fact, you can think of anything, as long as the baby is close in spirit, and he easily remembers the whole sentence in its entirety. Now that we have figured out exactly how to present any information to children, we can move on to the direct knowledge that you will teach your young astronomers.
Finally, an interesting and simple story for children about what is solar system.
The solar system is all cosmic bodies that revolve around the sun according to their well-defined trajectories. These include 8 planets and their satellites (their composition is constantly changing, as some objects are discovered, others lose their status), many comets, asteroids and meteorites.
The history of the planets
There is no definite opinion on this matter, there are only theories and conjectures. According to the most common opinion, about 5 billion years ago, one of the clouds of the Galaxy began to shrink towards the center and formed our Sun. The formed body had a huge force of attraction, and all the particles of gas and dust around began to connect and stick together into balls (these are the current planets).
The sun is not a planet, but a star. A source of energy, life on Earth.
The sun as a star and the center of the solar system
The planets in their orbits revolve around a huge star called the Sun. The planets themselves do not radiate any heat, and if it were not for the light of the Sun that they reflect, then life on Earth would never have arisen. There is a certain classification of stars, according to which the Sun is a yellow dwarf, about 5 billion years old.
planetary satellites
The solar system does not consist only of planets, it also includes natural satellites, among which the Moon is well known to us. In addition to Venus and Mercury, each planet has a certain number of satellites, today there are more than 63 of them. New celestial bodies are constantly being discovered thanks to photographs taken by automatic spacecraft. They are able to detect even the smallest satellite with a diameter of only 10 km (Leda, Jupiter).
Characteristics of each planet in the solar system
Mercury Orbit Procession
1. Mercury. This planet is closest to the Sun, in the entire system it is considered the smallest. The surface of Mercury is solid, like all four inner planets(closest to the center). It has the highest rotation speed. During the day, the planet practically burns under the sun's rays (+350˚), and freezes at night (-170˚).
2. Venus. This planet is more like the Earth than others in its size, composition and brightness. But the conditions are very different. The atmosphere of Venus consists of carbon dioxide. There are always a lot of clouds around it, which makes it difficult to observe. The entire surface of Venus is a hot, rocky desert.
3. Earth- the only planet on which there is oxygen, water, and therefore life. It has an ideal location in relation to the Sun: close enough to receive light and heat in the right amount, and far enough not to burn out from the rays. It has an ozone layer that protects all life from radiation. The planet is home to millions of species of living beings including human.
Comparison of the Earth with other planets of the solar system
The Earth has one satellite - the Moon.
4. Mars. Some scientists have suggested that life also exists on this planet because it shares a number of similarities with Earth. But numerous studies have found no signs of life there. There are currently two known natural satellites of Mars: Phobos and Deimos.
5. Jupiter- the largest planet in the solar system, 10 times larger than the Earth in diameter and 300 times in mass. Jupiter consists of hydrogen, helium and other gases, has 16 satellites.
6. Saturn- the most interesting planet for children, as it has rings that are formed from dust, stones and ice. Three main rings rotate around Saturn, the thickness of which is about 30 meters.
7. Uranus. This planet also has rings, but they are much more difficult to see, they only appear at certain times. The main feature of Uranus is its manner of rotation, performed in the "lying on its side" mode.
8. Neptune. Astronomy today calls this planet the last in the solar system. Neptune was discovered only in 1989, since it is located very far from the Sun. Its surface looks blue from space, which cannot but amaze us.
Until 2006, there were 9 planets, including Pluto. But according to the latest scientific data, this space object is no longer called a planet. It's a pity ... Although, it has become easier for children to remember.
tyts astronomy for schoolchildren
Planets of the solar system
According to the official position of the International Astronomical Union (IAU), an organization that assigns names to astronomical objects, there are only 8 planets.
Pluto was removed from the category of planets in 2006. because in the Kuiper belt are objects that are larger / or equal in size to Pluto. Therefore, even if it is taken as a full-fledged celestial body, then it is necessary to add Eris to this category, which has almost the same size with Pluto.
As defined by MAC, there are 8 known planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.
All planets are divided into two categories depending on their physical characteristics: terrestrial and gas giants.
Schematic representation of the location of the planets
terrestrial planets
Mercury
The smallest planet in the solar system has a radius of only 2440 km. The period of revolution around the Sun, for ease of understanding, equated to the earth's year, is 88 days, while Mercury has time to complete a revolution around its own axis only one and a half times. Thus, its day lasts approximately 59 Earth days. For a long time it was believed that this planet is always turned to the Sun by the same side, since the periods of its visibility from the Earth were repeated with a frequency approximately equal to four Mercury days. This misconception was dispelled with the advent of the possibility of using radar research and conducting constant observations using space stations. The orbit of Mercury is one of the most unstable; not only the speed of movement and its distance from the Sun change, but also the position itself. Anyone interested can observe this effect.
Mercury in color, as seen by the MESSENGER spacecraft
Mercury's proximity to the Sun has caused it to experience the largest temperature fluctuations of any of the planets in our system. The average daytime temperature is about 350 degrees Celsius, and the nighttime temperature is -170 °C. Sodium, oxygen, helium, potassium, hydrogen and argon have been identified in the atmosphere. There is a theory that it was previously a satellite of Venus, but so far this remains unproven. It has no satellites of its own.
Venus
The second planet from the Sun, the atmosphere of which is almost entirely composed of carbon dioxide. She is often called morning star and the Evening Star, because it is the first of the stars to become visible after sunset, just as before dawn it continues to be visible even when all the other stars have disappeared from view. The percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is 96%, there is relatively little nitrogen in it - almost 4%, and water vapor and oxygen are present in very small amounts.
Venus in the UV spectrum
Such an atmosphere creates a greenhouse effect, the temperature on the surface because of this is even higher than that of Mercury and reaches 475 ° C. Considered the slowest, the Venusian day lasts 243 Earth days, which is almost equal to a year on Venus - 225 Earth days. Many call it the sister of the Earth because of the mass and radius, the values of which are very close to the earth's indicators. The radius of Venus is 6052 km (0.85% of the earth). There are no satellites, like Mercury.
The third planet from the Sun and the only one in our system where there is liquid water on the surface, without which life on the planet could not develop. At least life as we know it. The radius of the Earth is 6371 km and, unlike the rest of the celestial bodies in our system, more than 70% of its surface is covered with water. The rest of the space is occupied by the continents. Another feature of the Earth is the tectonic plates hidden under the planet's mantle. At the same time, they are able to move, albeit at a very low speed, which over time causes a change in the landscape. The speed of the planet moving along it is 29-30 km / s.
Our planet from space
One revolution around its axis takes almost 24 hours, and full walkthrough the orbit lasts 365 days, which is much longer in comparison with the nearest neighboring planets. The Earth day and year are also taken as a standard, but this is done only for the convenience of perceiving time intervals on other planets. The Earth has one natural satellite, the Moon.
Mars
The fourth planet from the Sun, known for its rarefied atmosphere. Since 1960, Mars has been actively explored by scientists from several countries, including the USSR and the USA. Not all research programs have been successful, but water found in some areas suggests that primitive life exists on Mars, or existed in the past.
The brightness of this planet allows you to see it from Earth without any instruments. Moreover, once every 15-17 years, during the Opposition, it becomes the brightest object in the sky, eclipsing even Jupiter and Venus.
The radius is almost half that of the earth and is 3390 km, but the year is much longer - 687 days. He has 2 satellites - Phobos and Deimos .
Visual model of the solar system
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The sun
The sun is a star, which is a hot ball of hot gases at the center of our solar system. Its influence extends far beyond the orbits of Neptune and Pluto. Without the Sun and its intense energy and heat, there would be no life on Earth. There are billions of stars, like our Sun, scattered throughout the Milky Way galaxy.
Mercury
Sun-scorched Mercury is only slightly larger than Earth's moon. Like the Moon, Mercury is practically devoid of an atmosphere and cannot smooth out the traces of impact from the fall of meteorites, therefore, like the Moon, it is covered with craters. The day side of Mercury is very hot on the Sun, and on the night side the temperature drops hundreds of degrees below zero. In the craters of Mercury, which are located at the poles, there is ice. Mercury makes one revolution around the Sun in 88 days.
Venus
Venus is a world of monstrous heat (even more than on Mercury) and volcanic activity. Similar in structure and size to Earth, Venus is covered in a thick and toxic atmosphere that creates a strong greenhouse effect. This scorched world is hot enough to melt lead. Radar images through the mighty atmosphere revealed volcanoes and deformed mountains. Venus rotates in the opposite direction from the rotation of most planets.
Earth is an ocean planet. Our home, with its abundance of water and life, makes it unique in our solar system. Other planets, including several moons, also have ice deposits, atmospheres, seasons, and even weather, but only on Earth did all these components come together in such a way that life became possible.
Mars
Although details of the surface of Mars are difficult to see from Earth, telescope observations show that Mars has seasons and white spots at the poles. For decades, people have assumed that the bright and dark areas on Mars are patches of vegetation and that Mars might be a suitable place for life, and that water exists in the polar caps. When spacecraft Mariner 4 flew to Mars in 1965, many of the scientists were shocked to see photos of the gloomy planet covered in craters. Mars turned out to be a dead planet. More recent missions, however, have shown that Mars holds many mysteries that have yet to be solved.
Jupiter
Jupiter is the most massive planet in our solar system, has four large moons and many small moons. Jupiter forms a kind of miniature solar system. To turn into a full-fledged star, Jupiter had to become 80 times more massive.
Saturn
Saturn is the most distant of the five planets that were known before the invention of the telescope. Like Jupiter, Saturn is made up mostly of hydrogen and helium. Its volume is 755 times that of the Earth. Winds in its atmosphere reach speeds of 500 meters per second. These fast winds, combined with heat rising from the planet's interior, cause the yellow and golden streaks we see in the atmosphere.
Uranus
The first planet found with a telescope, Uranus was discovered in 1781 by astronomer William Herschel. The seventh planet is so far from the Sun that one revolution around the Sun takes 84 years.
Neptune
Nearly 4.5 billion kilometers from the Sun, distant Neptune rotates. It takes 165 years to complete one revolution around the Sun. It is invisible to the naked eye due to its vast distance from Earth. Interestingly, his unusual elliptical orbit, intersects with the orbit of the dwarf planet Pluto, which is why Pluto is inside the orbit of Neptune for about 20 out of 248 years during which it makes one revolution around the Sun.
Pluto
Tiny, cold and incredibly distant, Pluto was discovered in 1930 and has long been considered the ninth planet. But after the discoveries of Pluto-like worlds that were even further away, Pluto was reclassified dwarf planets in 2006.
The planets are giants
There are four gas giants located beyond the orbit of Mars: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. They are in the outer solar system. They differ in their massiveness and gas composition.
Planets of the solar system, not to scale
Jupiter
Fifth from the Sun and largest planet our system. Its radius is 69912 km, it is 19 times more earth and only 10 times smaller than the Sun. A year on Jupiter is not the longest in the solar system, lasting 4333 Earth days (incomplete 12 years). His own day has a duration of about 10 Earth hours. The exact composition of the planet's surface has not yet been determined, but it is known that krypton, argon and xenon are present on Jupiter in much larger quantities than on the Sun.
There is an opinion that one of the four gas giants is actually a failed star. In favor of this theory speaks the most a large number of Jupiter has a lot of satellites - as many as 67. To imagine their behavior in the orbit of the planet, a fairly accurate and clear model of the solar system is needed. The largest of them are Callisto, Ganymede, Io and Europa. At the same time, Ganymede is the largest satellite of the planets in the entire solar system, its radius is 2634 km, which is 8% larger than the size of Mercury, the smallest planet in our system. Io has the distinction of being one of only three moons with an atmosphere.
Saturn
The second largest planet and the sixth largest in the solar system. In comparison with other planets, the composition is most similar to the Sun chemical elements. The surface radius is 57,350 km, the year is 10,759 days (almost 30 Earth years). A day here lasts a little longer than on Jupiter - 10.5 Earth hours. By the number of satellites, it is not far behind its neighbor - 62 versus 67. The largest satellite of Saturn is Titan, just like Io, which is distinguished by the presence of an atmosphere. Slightly smaller than it, but no less famous for this - Enceladus, Rhea, Dione, Tethys, Iapetus and Mimas. It is these satellites that are the objects for the most frequent observation, and therefore we can say that they are the most studied in comparison with the rest.
For a long time, the rings on Saturn were considered a unique phenomenon, inherent only to him. Only recently it was found that all gas giants have rings, but the rest are not so clearly visible. Their origin has not yet been established, although there are several hypotheses about how they appeared. In addition, it was recently discovered that Rhea, one of the satellites of the sixth planet, also has some kind of rings.
If you have already had experience of interacting with any scientific reference manual in this area, rate this book and leave a review. Add books that deserve to be on this list. Together, thanks to user ratings and reviews, we will create an adequate and useful rating of children's encyclopedias about stars and planets.
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How can you imagine the planets of the solar system to children? This question is of interest not only to teachers, but also to parents who want to introduce their kids to astronomical observations. The description of the solar system is best to start with the brightest star - a source of heat and energy.
For example, you could tell the children that the planet was created by a massive explosion of several stars that occurred almost 4.5 billion years ago.
The origin of the solar system was studied by ancient astronomers, trying to connect the Sun with the phenomena that took place on Earth.
Planets of the solar system
Its center is the Sun, around which eight planets move in their own orbits, each of which deserves close attention.
An interesting fact is that until 2006, Pluto was also included in the structure of the solar system, calling it the ninth planet. But, after the size of the planet, the distance to the Sun, were determined, astronomers found out that it was a dwarf planet, and therefore it began to be attributed to the Kuiper belt.
Division into groups
Considering the structure of the solar system with schoolchildren, it can be noted that all the planets are divided into groups:
- terrestrial group;
- gas giants.
The first group includes the following planets: Venus, Mercury, Mars, Earth. They are small in size, have a rocky surface, and are closest to the Sun.
The gas giants include: Neptune, Uranus, Saturn, Jupiter. These planets are characterized by large sizes. Some have rings that are made up of icy dust and rocky chunks.
The sun
Impossible without a story about this star. It is around it that the planets revolve, as well as satellites in the solar system. Includes heavenly body from helium and hydrogen. The age of the Sun is 4.5 billion years. Currently, it is in the center of the life cycle, there is a gradual increase in its size. After the same number of years, the star will expand, approaching the orbit of the Earth.
The Sun is the main source of light and heat for the Earth. The star changes its activity every 11 years. Temperatures are so high on its surface that no special apparatus has yet been able to get close to the star, to take clear pictures.
Earth group
Astronomy for kids includes an overview of each planet.
Mercury is the smallest planet in the solar system.
Its diameter is only 4879 kilometers. Mercury is closest to the Sun. During the daytime, the temperature on the planet is about +350 degrees Celsius, and at night the figure drops to -170 degrees.
If we compare it with the Earth year, then Mercury makes a complete revolution around the Sun in 88 days, and a day is equal to 59 Earth days. Astronomers were able to establish that the speed of rotation of Mercury around the Sun periodically changes.
Mercury has no atmosphere, which is why the planet is often attacked by asteroids that are left on the surface. great amount craters.
Due to its proximity to the brightest star in our Galaxy, Mercury is poorly understood. Astronomers managed to detect helium, oxygen, argon, hydrogen, sodium on the planet. What is the secret of this planet of the solar system?
For children, it can be noted that according to one version, Mercury is considered the former, but evidence of this theory has not yet been found.
Venus
This planet is the second farthest from the Sun. It is close in size to the Earth, its diameter is 12,104 kilometers. As for the other parameters, they differ significantly from our planet.
The duration of a day on Venus is 242 Earth days, the year lasts 255 days. 95% of the atmosphere is carbon dioxide, which is why a greenhouse effect is created on Venus, the result is a temperature of 475 degrees Celsius. It was possible to detect 0.1% oxygen and 5% nitrogen in the atmosphere.
There is practically no liquid on Venus, it is covered with solidified basaltic lava. There is an interesting version, according to which once there were oceans on the planet, but because of the high temperature, they evaporated, the solar wind carried steam into outer space.
Near the planet, weak winds were noted, but, at an altitude of 50 kilometers, their speed increases significantly, and reaches 300 m / s.
A large number of hills and craters have been discovered on the planet, which resemble earthly continents. The formation of craters is due to the fact that once the planet had a less dense atmosphere.
As a distinctive feature of Venus, one can note its movement from east to west, which is unusual for other planets. The reason for this anomaly lies in the ability of its atmosphere to completely reflect sunlight. Venus has no natural satellites.
Earth
Arguing over how many planets are in the solar system, one cannot fail to mention our Earth. It is located at a distance of 150 million kilometers from the Sun. This remoteness explains the comfortable temperature on our planet, suitable for liquid water. That is why the Earth in the solar system is the only planet on which there is life.
More than 70% of its surface was covered with water. There is a version according to which, many thousands of years ago, steam was contained in the atmosphere, which made it possible to create on the surface the temperature necessary for its transition to a liquid state of aggregation.
Earth in the solar system is a special planet. Indeed, in its atmosphere there is oxygen, which is necessary for the process of photosynthesis, as well as for the respiration of living organisms.
The diameter of our planet is 12,742 km.
The length of an earthly day is 23 hours 56 minutes 4 seconds. What is the peculiarity of this planet of the solar system? It will be interesting for children to learn that there are huge tectonic plates in the bowels of the planet, when they collide, the landscape changes.
In addition to oxygen, there are inert gases in the earth's atmosphere, and 77% is nitrogen.
What other features does this planet of the solar system have? For children, you can prepare a story that, as natural satellite the planet is the Moon, which is always turned to the Earth on one side.
Mars
Let's try to find out the secret of the "red" planet of the solar system. For children, it should be noted that Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. It is much smaller than the Earth, its radius is only 6779 km. On the planet, a temperature difference is allowed from -155 degrees to +20 degrees at the equator.
Mars has an insignificant magnetic field, a very rarefied atmosphere, so solar radiation penetrates unhindered to the surface of the planet. Answering the question about the possibility of the existence of life on the planet, scientists come to the conclusion that living beings can only survive inside Mars.
Automatic vehicles that surveyed the surface of the planet discovered glaciers and dried up riverbeds. Martian sand contains iron oxide, which gives the planet its red color.
There are often dust storms that are destructive. 96% of the atmosphere of Mars is carbon dioxide, and the content of water vapor and oxygen is minimal. The planet has two satellites: Deimos and Phobos. They have a small size, uneven shape, similar to asteroids.
gas giants
Arguing over how many planets are in the solar system, one cannot ignore Jupiter, Uranus, Saturn.
The largest planet in the solar system is Jupiter. This planet is 19 times larger than Earth's. Most of the planet is argon, xenon, krypton. There is helium and hydrogen in the atmosphere of this planet, and there is no water on the surface. Jupiter has about 67 moons. Among the largest are: Europe, Callisto, Io, Ganymede.
Saturn is the second largest planet in the solar system. It is similar in composition to the Sun. The planet's atmosphere contains hydrogen and a small amount of helium. In its upper layers, auroras and thunderstorms are often observed.
The uniqueness of Saturn is the presence of 65 satellites and several rings, consisting of small particles of ice and rock formations.
Uranus is the third largest planet, the seventh - in terms of location from the Sun. Astronomers call it the "ice planet" because its surface temperature is -224 degrees.
Of the 27 moons of Uranus, the largest are: Umbriel, Titania, Oberon, Miranda.
Neptune is rightly called Scientists have found that on this planet the wind speed reaches 700 m/s. The largest of the 14 satellites of this planet is Triton.
Conclusion
In order to interest children in astronomical research, the teacher must correctly select the material for the initial acquaintance with the planets of the solar system. Schoolchildren are interested in legends, myths, told in such a way that children have a desire to independently find material about each planet.
Astronomy- the oldest science of the Universe, the subject of which is space objects, as well as the processes and phenomena associated with them.
Since the first manned flight into space, the main children's answer to the question "What do you want to be?" was the answer "Cosmonaut!".
People's interest in space will never fade away, it beckons us with its mysteries and universal scale. Looking at the starry sky, people have always asked themselves the main questions.
Today, in times space rockets, satellites and moon rovers, we have something to tell our children.
However, the scale of the universe is difficult to imagine even for an adult.
It remains to figure out how interesting it is to tell a child about space and introduce him to the first basics of astronomy.
How to tell
Given the characteristics of childhood, it is very important to make the story simple and effective. To do this, you can use visual experiments, we describe an example of such experiments below. So, it will be much easier for a child to get acquainted with difficult, for him, thematic concepts.
Today, parents are offered a large number of thematic materials that can also be used in their story.
Children preschool age they perfectly absorb information presented in a playful way, in the form of a fairy tale or a poem.
And if you manage to surprise and charm the child's imagination, perhaps the child will not only be interested in astronomy, but also fall in love with this science.
When telling a child about space for the first time, think about what might be, as an adult, looking at the stars, he will remember your activities and smile.
What to tell
Introduction
Look at the sky. It seems that it is very close - reach out and touch the sun or the moon, but if you climb on top tall tree then you will be right next to them. But actually it is not. Neither we can reach the sky with our hand, nor the trees with their tops. The sun, moon and stars are very far away from us. These are large planets that you need to fly to on a spaceship.
There are 8 planets in the solar system. They all circle around the Sun, and constantly along the same path, which is called an orbit. And one of these planets is our Earth.
What to tell:
The sun is a large and very hot planet - it is a star - a huge, hot ball. It is very far away, but the heat from its rays reaches all the planets circling around it, and ours too. That is why we are warm.
Not all stars are like the Sun. There are small stars, and medium ones, and huge ones - larger than the Sun.
The brightest among all the stars in the sky are the North Star and Sirius.
The sun is much larger than our planet. If you compare them, it's like a watermelon and a small pea.
visual material:
To compare the size of the Sun with the size of the Earth, you can take a pumpkin or a watermelon and a pea. The pea is our Earth, the pumpkin is the Sun.
The earth is as much smaller than the sun as a pea is smaller than a pumpkin.
moon
What to tell:
The moon is a satellite of our planet, it is only a three days way.
The moon moves around the earth counterclockwise.
We only see the moon at night. The moon, as we see it in the sky, is not always the same shape. There are the following phases of the moon: new moon, crescent of the growing moon, first quarter of the growing moon, waxing moon, full moon and then decreasing: waning moon, quarter of the waning moon, crescent of the waning moon, new moon again.
If the crescent in the sky looks like the letter C, then the moon is "old", waning. If we visually draw a wand and get the letter P, then the moon is growing.
These phases can be depicted for the child on paper or cut out of colored cardboard.
visual material:
To demonstrate why the moon is sometimes round, sometimes crescent shaped, take an ordinary table lamp and a ball. Experience together by creating a moon at home. Show the child that we see only the illuminated part of the ball.
our planet
What to tell:
Our planet - the planet Earth - is surrounded by an atmosphere. This is such a protective layer that saves the inhabitants from solar ultraviolet radiation, as well as from most meteorites. It can be compared to an air blanket. It is thanks to him that our planet has the air that we breathe.
The most important difference between our planet and others is the presence of life on it.
It is believed that the rest of space is lifeless. The faith and desire of people to find life on other planets makes us design spaceships to travel into space in order to study it.
visual material:
You can boil a chicken egg and, using its example, explain to the child what the Earth's atmosphere is like. Our planet is surrounded by a multi-layered atmosphere, just as in an egg the yolk is surrounded by protein.
Other planets of the solar system
What to tell:
There are only 8 planets in the solar system.
The largest of them is Jupiter. And the most interesting is Saturn, because it has huge rings around.
Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune also have rings, but they cannot be seen from Earth.
Pluto was one of the last to be discovered. At first it was considered. It was discovered in 1930 as the ninth planet. But, over time, it was assigned to another category of cosmic bodies, "dwarf planets."
A planet is a cosmic body that:
- revolve around some star (in the case of the solar system, this is the Sun);
- have their own gravity, which explains their spherical (round) or close to spherical shape;
- are not located near other similar large bodies;
- are not a star.
visual material:
To remember the names of all the planets in the solar system, you can learn a little rhyme:
All the planets in order
Call any of us:
Once - Mercury,
Two - Venus,
Three - Earth,
Four is Mars.
Five - Jupiter,
Six - Saturn,
Seven - Uranus,
Behind him is Neptune.
He is eighth in a row.
And after him already, then,
And the ninth planet
called Pluto.
Stars
What to tell:
The closest star to us is the sun.
There are a huge number of stars in space that cannot be counted.
Any star is a hot ball of gas, which was formed from hydrogen molecules that joined together.
Clusters of stars form constellations.
Visible material:
To explain why the sun shines so brightly, take an ordinary flashlight or phosphor stars. With the lights off, hold them close to your baby so he can see how brightly they burn.
Then slowly move away to the end of the room, demonstrating that the luminous objects, moving away, become small and faded. Explain that stars only appear small because they are so far away from us.
Telescopes help us to see them closer, which zoom in on the images of the stars and allow us to see them better.
How a rocket flies
What to tell:
On April 12, our country celebrates Cosmonautics Day. On this day in 1961, our people's dream of flying into space came true - the first cosmonaut in history, Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin, flew into space on the Vostok-1 spacecraft. His flight around the Earth lasted 108 minutes. Since then, every year on this day we celebrate Cosmonautics Day.
visual material:
Inflate the balloon and pinch the hole with your fingers. And then unclench your fingers and your ball will abruptly burst upwards. This is because air is escaping from the balloon. And when the air runs out, the ball will fall. The balloon flew like a rocket - it moved forward as long as there was air in it.
Approximately according to this principle, a rocket flies into space, only instead of air it has fuel. When burning, the fuel turns into a gas and bursts back with a flame.
A rocket is made up of several parts called stages, and each stage has its own fuel tank.
The first stage ran out of fuel - it disappears and the second stage engine immediately turns on and carries the rocket even faster and even higher. So only the third step gets to space - the smallest and lightest. She puts the cabin with the astronaut into orbit.
Related games
1. The game "What we take with us into space"
Lay out the drawings in front of the child and invite them to choose what they can take with them on the spacecraft.
These can be the following picture-drawings: a book, a notebook, a spacesuit, an apple, a candy, a tube of semolina, an alarm clock, a sausage.
2. Game "Space Dictionary"
The game will help the child to replenish his lexicon space-related words.
Whoever names more words related to space wins.
For example: satellite, rocket, alien, planets, Moon, Earth, astronaut, space suit, etc.
3. Game "Say the opposite"
The goal of the game is to teach the child to choose words with the opposite meaning - antonyms.
For example:
Far -…
tight -…
big -…
get up -…
bright -…
fly away...
tall -…
known -…
turn on -…
dark -…
4. The game "We are guided by the stars"
Imagine with your child that you are sailors lost in pacific ocean. Have your child cut out little stars out of paper and help glue them on the back of the table top to form the constellations Ursa Minor and Ursa Major.
Cover the table with a blanket - this will be your ship, take a flashlight and climb up there. It's night now, the only compass has sunk, and all you see is the stars above your heads (you can light them up with a flashlight).
Show your child how to use the stars to find their way.
Try together, looking at the stars, to determine in which direction you should sail if you are heading east.
5. Game "Space stones"
Every kitchen has a baking sheet. Such material can easily turn into space balls-stones.
Scatter them in prominent places so that the child can then collect these space rocks. Then they can be thrown at a target or just at a bowl, training accuracy.
Books for children on the topic
1. "Amazing starry sky. Atlas with stickers", S. Andreev.
2. "Opening space", Morton Jenkins.
3. "Professor Astrocat and his journey into space", Dominic Wolliman and Ben Newman.
4. "Cosmos", D. Kostyukov, Z. Surova.
5. "Fascinating astronomy", E. Kachur.
6. Series "Your first encyclopedia", book "Wonderful planet", publishing house "Makhaon".
7. Series "The very first encyclopedia", the book "Planet Earth", publishing house "Rosmen".
8. "My first book about space", K. Portsevsky, M. Lukyanov.
9. "Stars and planets. Encyclopedia for children", E. Prati.
10. "Petya's Extraordinary Adventures in Space", A. Ivanov, V. Merzlenko.
Related cartoons
1. Cycle of cartoons "Children and space"
2. Educational cartoon "Planet Earth"
3. Entertaining lessons of Sahakayants "Astronomy for the little ones"
4. "The Secret of the Third Planet"
5. "Dunno on the Moon"
7. "Peppa Pig", a series of "Journey to the Moon"
8. Star Dogs: Squirrel and Arrow
9. "Belka and Strelka: Lunar Adventures"
10. "Egon and Donci"
11. "Lunar Expedition of Christopher Cullambus"
12. "Tom and Jerry: Flight to Mars"
13. "Mystery of the Red Planet"
14. "Planet 51"
15. "Big Space Adventure"
16. "Planet of the wind"
17. Fly to the Moon
18. "Wally"
19. Treasure Planet
20. "Smeshariki: pin code collection"
Teaching material on the topic
- Magazine "School of 7 gnomes - 4+: To kids about stars and planets";
- Magazine "The World Around Us", No. 1,5,7;
- Map of the solar system;
- Thematic cards;
Space crafts for kids
1. Rocket with a photo of your child astronaut.
Need: a photo of your baby, colored cardboard or paper.
2. Rocket from a plastic bottle.
Need: plastic bottle, sock, cardboard, foil and thread.
3. Spotlight constellations.
Need: flashlight, circles cut out according to the diameter of the flashlight with holes made in the form of a constellation, paper cupcake cups, string.
4. Sensory space box.
Needed: clear plastic box, lentils, black beans, decorative glass marbles, glittery sequins, space toys, small flashlights.
5. Space robot suit.
Need: a large cardboard box, adhesive tape, old wires, foil, stickers, markers, fantasy.
Where to look at the stars in Moscow
1. Observatories
Observatory- a specialized scientific facility and/or institution used to observe terrestrial and/or astronomical phenomena.
Some observatories conduct observations only when the weather is clear.
The operating hours of the observatories should be clarified with the institution, please note that some observatories work only 2 summer months a year, others from May to September.
Moscow City Palace of Children and Youth Creativity
M. University, st. Kosygina, d. 17, cor. one
Price: free.
Astronomical Observatory of Moscow State University(State Astronomical Institute named after P.K. Sternberg at Moscow State University)
Moscow, University Avenue, 13
Price: free.
Observatory at the Moscow Planetarium
M. Barrikadnaya, Sadovaya-Kudrinskaya, 5, building 1
Price: on weekdays 250 rubles, on weekends 300 rubles.
People's Observatory in Gorky Park
M. Gorky Park, October.
Price: 200 rubles.
People's Observatory in Sokolniki Park
M. Sokolniki, the territory of the park
Price: 150 rubles.
From Thursday to Sunday, you can rent an external telescope for 50 rubles.
2. Planetariums
Planetarium - scientific and educational institution, which demonstrates celestial sphere with stars, planets and satellites, comets and meteors; as well as phenomena associated with celestial bodies.
Moscow planetarium
Moscow, Sadovaya-Kudrinskaya st., 5, building 1
Price: from 100 rubles.
Planetarium of the Central House of the Russian Army
Moscow, Suvorovskaya sq., 2, building 32
Price: 200 rubles.
Planetarium cultural center Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
Moscow, Suvorovskaya sq., 2, building 32.
Price: 200 rubles.
