Vasily Alexandrovich Pashkov(1764-1838) - Major General and Chief Jägermeister from the Pashkov family. Father of A. V. Pashkov, grandfather of N. V. Levashov.
Origin
Occurred in the 5th generation from the voivode Athanasius Pashkov. The son of a collegiate assessor Alexander Ilyich Pashkov (1734-1809) from his marriage with the daughter of a famous rich man and breeder I. S. Myasnikov - Daria Ivanovna (1743-1808), who brought enormous wealth to her husband (she received after her father 19,000 souls of peasants and 4 richest factory).
IN late XVIII century, Alexander Ilyich inherited from his second cousin an extensive household on Mokhovaya Street - the so-called. Pashkov house. After that, he began the construction of the “second Pashkov house” nearby (now the journalism faculty of Moscow State University).
Biography
Nine years old recorded in the Life Guards. Preobrazhensky Regiment; being a sergeant (since March 12, 1780), on December 23, 1786 he moved to the sergeant major in the life guards. Horse regiment, in which on January 1, 1788 he received the rank of cornet, in the next - second lieutenant and in 1790 - lieutenant.
In 1789, as a volunteer, he participated in a campaign in Finland, and on March 17, 1792, he was appointed adjutant general to c. Saltykov and the very next year, 1793 (February 18), he was promoted to lieutenant colonel. In 1795, on January 17, he was appointed controller to the Counting Expedition of the Military Collegium, and on November 8, 1798, he retired with the rank of major general. Having been out of work for 5 years, on November 16, 1803 he was again accepted into the service as a member of the Military Collegium, on January 12, 1806 he was transferred to the audience general, and on March 4, 1810 he again retired . The following year he was appointed 2nd Jägermeister of the Court of His Majesty, on July 1, 1817 - Chief Marshal, and on December 12, 1819 - 2nd Chief Jägermeister, which title he held until his death. 
October 31, 1821 was appointed a member State Council, and on January 22, 1825, he was ordered to take the post of chairman in the Department of Laws; in this rank he remained until December 22, 1828, when he was dismissed from all the activities of the chairman, and on April 5, 1830 he received the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called; January 5, 1831 again appointed to the same position; occupying it, he died on January 2, 1834, being a member of the Educational Society of Noble Maidens and Councils established at the Educational Society; he was buried in Moscow, in the Novodevichy Convent.
Family
his wife Ekaterina Aleksandrovna, nee countess Tolstaya (01/24/1768-12/24/1835, buried next to her husband), daughter of the captain of the Horse Guards Count Alexander Petrovich Tolstoy (1719-1792), married to Evdokia Lvovna Izmailova (1731-1794), was the sister of the famous Count Peter Alexandrovich, ambassador in Paris under Napoleon, and no less famous, beloved by Alexander I, Chief Marshal Count Nikolai Alexandrovich. Due to her proximity to the court, influential kinship and her own energy, Ekaterina Alexandrovna Pashkova enjoyed great weight in society, from February 9, 1816 she was a cavalry lady of the Order of St. Catherine of the Small Cross, April 21, 1828 - was appointed a lady of state of Her Majesty and contributed a lot to her husband's career. Prince P.V. Dolgorukov wrote about her as a woman " masculine and arrogant, who was insinuating with those who could be useful to her, and rude to everyone else» . They had six children:
- Alexander Vasilyevich (1792-1868), major general.
- Tatyana Vasilievna (1793-1875), lady of state, since 1814 the wife of Prince I.V. Vasilchikov (1777-1847).
- Evdokia Vasilievna (1796-1868), cavalier lady of the Order of St. Catherine 2 st. and state lady; since 1824, the wife of Count V. V. Levashov (1783-1848).
- Mikhail Vasilyevich (1802-1863), lieutenant general, married to maid of honor Maria Trofimovna Baranova (1807-1887), daughter of state lady Yu. F. Baranova.
- Ivan Vasilyevich (1805-1869)
- Elizaveta Vasilievna (1809-1890), since 1831 married to the Minister of Justice D. V. Dashkov.
Ekaterina Aleksandrovna,
wife
Vasilchikova.jpg
Tatyana Vasilievna
daughter
Levashova by Hau.jpg
Evdokia Vasilievna
daughter
M.V. Pashkov.jpg
Mikhail Vasilievich,
a son
Maria Trofimovna Pashkova.jpg
Maria Trofimovna,
daughter-in-law
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Notes
- // Russian biographical dictionary: in 25 volumes. - St. Petersburg. -M., 1896-1918.
An excerpt characterizing Pashkov, Vasily Alexandrovich (1764)
- Natalie?"I don't understand anything, I have nothing to say," her look said.
Hot lips pressed against hers, and at that very moment she felt free again, and the sound of steps and Helen's dress was heard in the room. Natasha looked back at Helen, then, red and trembling, looked at him in frightened questioning and went to the door.
- Un mot, un seul, au nom de Dieu, [One word, only one, for God's sake,] - said Anatole.
She stopped. She so needed him to say that word, which would explain to her what had happened and to which she would answer him.
“Nathalie, un mot, un seul,” he repeated everything, apparently not knowing what to say, and repeated it until Helen approached them.
Helen went out into the living room again with Natasha. Not staying for supper, the Rostovs left.
Returning home, Natasha did not sleep all night: she was tormented by the insoluble question of whom she loved, Anatole or Prince Andrei. She loved Prince Andrei—she remembered clearly how much she loved him. But she loved Anatole too, that was beyond doubt. “Otherwise, how could all this be?” she thought. “If after that I could, after saying goodbye to him, answer his smile with a smile, if I could allow it to happen, it means that I fell in love with him from the first minute. It means that he is kind, noble and beautiful, and it was impossible not to love him. What should I do when I love him and love another? she said to herself, finding no answers to these terrible questions.
The morning came with its worries and vanity. Everyone got up, moved, started talking, the milliners came again, again Marya Dmitrievna came out and called for tea. Natasha, with wide eyes, as if she wanted to catch every glance directed at her, looked around uneasily at everyone and tried to appear the same as she had always been.
After breakfast Marya Dmitrievna (it was best time her), sitting on her chair, called Natasha and the old count to her.
“Well, my friends, now I have thought the whole thing over and here is my advice to you,” she began. - Yesterday, as you know, I was with Prince Nikolai; Well, I talked to him... He wanted to scream. Don't shout down on me! I drank everything to him!
– Yes, what is he? asked the Count.
- What is he? madman ... does not want to hear; Well, what can I say, and so we exhausted the poor girl, ”said Marya Dmitrievna. - And my advice to you is to finish things and go home to Otradnoye ... and wait there ...
- Oh, no! Natasha screamed.
“No, go,” said Marya Dmitrievna. - And wait there. - If the groom comes here now, he won’t do without a quarrel, but he’ll talk everything over with the old man one on one and then come to you.
Ilya Andreich approved this proposal, immediately realizing its full rationality. If the old man softens, then it will be all the better to come to him in Moscow or the Bald Mountains, after that; if not, then it will be possible to get married against his will only in Otradnoye.
“And the real truth,” he said. “I regret that I went to him and drove her,” said the old count.
- No, why be sorry? Being here, it was impossible not to do respect. Well, if he doesn’t want to, that’s his business,” said Marya Dmitrievna, looking for something in her reticule. - Yes, and the dowry is ready, what else can you expect; and what is not ready, I will send it to you. Although I feel sorry for you, but better go with God. - Having found in the reticule what she was looking for, she handed it to Natasha. It was a letter from Princess Marya. - He writes to you. How he suffers, poor thing! She's afraid you'll think she doesn't love you.
“Yes, she doesn’t love me,” said Natasha.
"Nonsense, don't talk," cried Marya Dmitrievna.
- I will not believe anyone; I know that she doesn’t love her,” Natasha said boldly, taking the letter, and her face expressed a dry and spiteful determination, which made Marya Dmitrievna look at her more closely and frown.
“You, mother, don’t answer like that,” she said. - What I say is true. Write an answer.
Natasha did not answer and went to her room to read Princess Marya's letter.
Princess Marya wrote that she was in despair over the misunderstanding that had taken place between them. Whatever her father's feelings, Princess Mary wrote, she asked Natasha to believe that she could not help but love her as the one chosen by her brother, for whose happiness she was ready to sacrifice everything.
“However, she wrote, do not think that my father was ill disposed towards you. He is sick and an old man who must be excused; but he is kind, generous, and will love the one who will make his son happy.” Princess Mary further requested that Natasha appoint a time when she could see her again.
After reading the letter, Natasha sat down at the writing table to write an answer: "Chere princesse," [Dear princess,] she wrote quickly, mechanically and stopped. “What else could she write after everything that happened yesterday? Yes, yes, it was all that, and now everything is different, ”she thought, sitting over the letter she had begun. "Should I refuse him? Is it really necessary? It’s terrible! ”... And in order not to think these terrible thoughts, she went to Sonya and together with her began to sort out the patterns.
After dinner, Natasha went to her room, and again took Princess Mary's letter. “Is it all over already? she thought. Did it all happen so soon and destroy everything that had gone before? She recalled her love for Prince Andrei with all her former strength, and at the same time she felt that she loved Kuragin. She vividly imagined herself the wife of Prince Andrei, imagined the picture of happiness with him repeated by her imagination so many times, and at the same time, flaring up with excitement, imagined all the details of her meeting with Anatole yesterday.
Why couldn't it be together? sometimes, in a perfect eclipse, she thought. Then only I would be completely happy, but now I have to choose, and without one of both I cannot be happy. One thing, she thought, to say what was to Prince Andrei or to hide is equally impossible. And nothing is wrong with that. But is it really possible to part forever with this happiness of love of Prince Andrei, which I lived for so long?
The largest evangelical figure, founder of the Society for the Encouragement of Spiritual and Moral Reading. He turned to God in 1874. Petersburg aristocrat Vasily Alexandrovich Pashkov belonged to the highest capital society, had large houses resembling palaces in St. Petersburg and Moscow, was the owner of estates in ten provinces - Moscow, Tver, Tambov, Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Orenburg, etc.
Being one of the richest people Russia, he became a fiery preacher of the Gospel. Pashkov's house became a place for preaching the Gospel in St. Petersburg. Vasily Alexandrovich gave most of his fortune to the cause of God.
Pashkov's meetings were diverse not only on social grounds, but also ethnically and confessionally.
In 1882, on the initiative of Pashkov and at his expense, the Russian Bible was published in a canonical composition. Together with M.M. Korf, he opened in St. Petersburg sewing workshops for the poor and cheap canteens for workers and students.
On their initiative, in 1884, a united congress of representatives of evangelical believers was convened. In the same year, V.A. Pashkov and M.M. Korf were expelled from Russia on charges of nihilism (unbelief!) and preparing a revolution.
Died V.A. Pashkov in exile in Paris, buried in Rome.
"on Wikipedia as of 06/14/2013. This article has been finalized in the Encyclopedia of ECB.
| Vasily Alexandrovich Pashkov | |
| Date of Birth: | 12.04.1831 |
| Date of death: | 17.02.1902 |
| A place of death: | Paris, France |
| Occupation: | philanthropist, religious figure |
| Father: | Alexander Vasilievich Pashkov |
| Mother: | Elizaveta Petrovna Kindyakova |
| Spouse): | Alexandra Ivanovna Chernysheva-Kruglikova |
| Children: | Alexander, Sophia, Olga, Maria |
Vasily Alexandrovich Pashkov(April 12, 1831 - February 17, 1902) - a retired colonel of the guard, a follower of the English preacher Lord Grenville Redstock. The founder of the movement of Evangelical Christians (in the common people at that time they were called "Pashkovites").
Biography
Born on April 12, 1831 in the family of General A.V. Pashkov (1792-1868) and Elizaveta Petrovna Pashkova (by first marriage - Lobanova-Rostovskaya, nee Kindyakova) (1805-1854).
In 1849 he brilliantly graduated from the Corps of Pages, his name was listed on the marble plaque among the best graduates. He served in the cavalry guard regiment, then in the 1850s in the War Ministry.
Already in early age he was introduced to the high society of St. Petersburg.
In the early 1860s, the main part of all the Nizhny Novgorod possessions of the Pashkovs passed to him. Marriage to Countess Alexandra Ivanovna Chernysheva-Kruglikova (born in 1832), the first daughter from the marriage in 1832, the eldest of the Chernyshev sisters, Countess Sofya Grigorievna Chernysheva, with retired colonel Ivan Gavrilovich Kruglikov, brings V. A. Pashkov as a dowry a significant part of the wealth of the Chernyshevs, except for the major. Pashkov became one of the richest people in Russian Empire.
Wife Alexandra Ivanovna
Despite successful progress in military career(in 1857 he served in the office of the Ministry of War), at the end of 1858 he was dismissed from service with promotion to colonel. Some time leads secular image life, has a mansion in St. Petersburg near the Liteiny Bridge.
However, after meeting Redstock (on Redstock's first visit to Russia), Pashkov's interests changed dramatically. According to a confession made by him later in private correspondence, he experienced repentance and a spiritual conversion from a sinful life and "serving two masters" to God.
Among them was, for example, a retired colonel of the Cavalier Guard regiment, Vasily Alexandrovich Pashkov, a wealthy landowner, an extremely kind and noble man. The new religious trend at first did not please him, and he did not want to listen to the Lord Preacher.
One day his wife, Alexandra Ivanovna, invited Lord Redstock to dinner. Vasily Alexandrovich had no choice but to kindly meet the guest in the custom of Russian hospitality. At the table, the guest talked all the time about the Word of God, and those present listened with interest. At the end of dinner, the whole society moved into the living room, where the conversation continued. And then Lord Redstock suddenly offered to kneel down and pray. This seemed strange and unusual to many. But the prayer of the man of God had such a strong effect on Vasily Alexandrovich that his own state was suddenly revealed to him. He realized that everything he heard from the Word of God concerned him personally. He felt his sinfulness and alienation from God, immediately began to repent, and not only his sin was revealed to him, but also the greatness of God's salvation in Christ Jesus. With all his soul he believed in Christ as his personal Savior, who shed His blood for his sins and rose again for his justification, and he received forgiveness by faith. It fulfilled the word from the 1st chapter of 1st John, the 9th verse: "If we confess our sins, He, being faithful and just, will forgive us our sins and cleanse us from all unrighteousness". Having risen from his knees, he was no longer what he used to be, he became a new man in Christ Jesus, redeemed by the Lord, according to 2 Corinthians 5:17: "Therefore, whoever is in Christ is a new creation, the old has passed away, now everything is new" .
As a result, Pashkov acted as a religious reformer and preacher, directing his wealth and energy to spiritual work and charity. He distributed Protestant tracts, preaches, conducted evangelistic trips around Russia. Since 1876, he directed the work of the Society for the Encouragement of Spiritual and Moral Reading (closed in 1884).
The beautiful Pashkovsky House on French Embankment became the center of evangelistic ministry in St. Petersburg. Sometimes in the evenings a circle of close acquaintances would gather with whom spiritual conversations were conducted; on certain other days, the hall was filled with strangers, and Vasily Alexandrovich testified to them that Christ had done in his personal life and revealed the truth of redemption to souls seeking salvation. The participants in these meetings, who have survived to this day, told me how they were initially struck by the originality of these evenings. In the elegant hall, people of various ranks and classes, sitting interspersed on silk-covered armchairs and chairs, listened attentively to the simple gospel words about the love of God. The meeting was accompanied by singing. Around the harmonium stood a group of young girls; they sang with fresh voices the newly translated in English gospel songs calling to Christ. Their singing was accompanied by the music of a talented singer and worker in the field of God, Alexandra Ivanovna Peiker. Three of these young girls were the daughters of the owner of the house, Pashkov, three were the daughters of the Minister of Justice, Count Palen, and two princesses Golitsina.
One of these girls in 1954, already a decrepit old woman, recalled the power and inspiration of Vasily Alexandrovich's sermon. Everything from his appearance, his reverent attitude to the Word of God and deep conviction, shocked the listeners. The clearly stated Word of God, with the assistance of the Holy Spirit, worked the miracle of renewal and the joy of salvation in souls, and they truly became a "new creature" in Christ Jesus.
Pashkov's spiritual activity aroused resistance from the state church. The conflict came to a head in 1884, when Pashkov made an unsuccessful attempt to organize a branch of the World Evangelical Alliance (WEA) in Russia, with which he maintained close relations.
In response, he, along with a group of his supporters - evangelical Christians - were expelled from the capital. Together with Count Korf, he went to London. While in exile, he supported the believers in Russia until his death, being in close correspondence with many. At the same time, he continued to associate with Redstock, so both participated in evangelistic meetings in Paris in 1886.
Letter from the Chief Prosecutor of the Holy Synod K. P. Pobedonostsev to Emperor ALEXANDER II:
"Your Imperial Majesty knows what kind of infection the mad Pashkov let loose all over Russia, with his followers of both sexes, who, unfortunately, belong to the so-called high society. Knowing neither their church nor their people, these people, infected with the spirit of the narrowest sectarianism think of preaching the word of God to the people, but in reality they are diverting the people from the church, acting by negative methods, inciting the peasants and workers, who are not prepared to resist the teachings, to swear at icons, crosses, church ceremonies and the clergy.In the spirit of the most absurd fanaticism, these gentlemen and ladies are not ashamed to bribe the poor people with gifts and material benefits.Thus they have already bred in different provinces, in cities and especially in villages, or narrow and ignorant fanatics, cursing at the church, in the middle of the village and in the middle of the peasant family itself, where the hitherto unknown unknown is settling we have religious strife; or - a crowd of hypocrites of industrialists who, not appreciating at all faiths of any kind, they are pretensely hired into the service of Pashkov in the form of agents and spread negative teachings in an ignorant environment, which in general is not difficult to confuse with fables of all kinds. One of the fables spread in this way is that already in the capitals all noble people, even the tsar and tsarina, turned into Pashkovism or Stunda. But in fact, the people already see that there are counts and princes and rich landlords living on their estates and spreading Pashkovism.
Unfortunately, in the capitals, among high-ranking officials, you often meet men and women who, although they themselves do not belong to a sect, are accustomed to judging everything easily and themselves not knowing closely either the church or the life of the people, they tend to sympathize with any sect under the guise of religious conviction and We are ready to object to any measure that tends to restrict the freedom of sectarian propaganda.
Your Majesty knows that after discussing the case in a special meeting, a few years ago, the highest command was issued - to send Pashkov and the bar. Korfa from Russia, announcing to them that in the event of their unauthorized return or continued propaganda, their estates would be taken into custody.
Pashkov and Korf have lived since then in Switzerland and England, but not only have they not stopped their propaganda, but Pashkov in particular actively continues it through his agents, for which he has considerable means in his great wealth and in his many estates in various provinces. . He appoints zealous sectarians as managers of these estates, and since he has factories and factories with many workers, it is clear what propaganda tools are concentrated in his hands. So, for example, in his main estate, the village of Matcherka, Morshansky district, Tambov province, managed by Anton Chanilash, the plant director - a Pole (now expelled) appointed 13 Molokans to the position of chief caretakers at the plant.
From different parts of Russia, a lot of reports about this propaganda come to me. The Pashkovites unite in various places with the Stundists, Baptists, and Molokans. The peasants are agitated, strife starts in sectarianism, swearing by sectarians stirs up fights and violence, and when breeders and scolders are put on trial, the court often acquits them with the help of lawyers - they return with triumph, and the evil is still intensified.
In this state of affairs, I was amazed the other day when I learned that Pashkov returned to Russia, is in his village of Matcherka and continues his propaganda freely.
I did not want to believe this and asked the Tambov bishop, who confirmed the news that had completely reached me. He sends me a genuine report from the local priest, which, among other things, says:
"... On July 5, Pashkov came to the houses of both priests. He did not find me in the house and asked my family to see him. The next day, July 6, I had a meeting at his house. The conversation began with the fact that he reproached me for doing harm to him - preventing me from doing God's work, then the conversation turned to the ground of a religious dispute, from which I was convinced that Pashkov was an inveterate sectarian who did not leave the thought of spreading his false teaching. At all points of the conversation, I energetically objected to him and concluded the conversation by saying that I will always oppose him with all my strength.
Having received such information, I began to scout here in the Ministry of Internal Affairs. cases, how Pashkov found himself in Russia.
And what did I find out! That in the spring Pashkov's most humble petition was received for permission to return, that Richter reported this directly to Your Majesty, and that permission followed.
The expulsion of Pashkov from Russia followed the report of the Minister of Internal Affairs. affairs, after a detailed meeting, in which I also participated.
So, I cannot but regret in every possible way that O. B. Richter did not judge for the good, before reporting to Your Majesty on this matter, to explain it with references, that is, to enter into relations with me (for I have concentrated all the information about Pashkov), and with the Minister of the Interior. Then O. B. Richter (who himself does not know closely and hardly fully understands the full significance of this propaganda) would see that Pashkov has not stopped his propaganda since the time of his expulsion, that his teaching is spreading, and that Pashkov’s return to Russia threatens great harm. I am sure that Count Tolstoy would have energetically objected to the granting of Pashkov's request. And now, according to information received by me from the Ministry of Internal Affairs. cases, it turns out that Pashkov, as soon as he returned, considered it his first duty to go around the main nests of Pashkovism; was in the Tula province., In the well-known nest of Prince. Gagarina, - in with. Sergievsky; was in the Kaluga province. at the maidens Kozlyatinovs, where there is also an old nest of propaganda, but now it is found and operates at home, in the village. Matcherka.
In private correspondence, Pashkov called the ROC a "dead church", thus identifying himself with Protestantism.
Chief Jägermeister, member of the State Council, son of collegiate assessor Alexander Ilyich P. from his marriage to the daughter of the famous rich man and breeder I. S. Myasnikov - Daria Ivanovna, who brought enormous wealth to her husband (she received after her father 19,000 souls of peasants and 4 richest factories ). V. A. Pashkov was born on March 25, 1764, and already in 1775 he was appointed to serve in the Life Guards. Preobrazhensky Regiment; being a sergeant (since March 12, 1780), on December 23, 1786 he moved to the sergeant major in the life guards. Horse regiment, in which on January 1, 1788 he received the rank of cornet, in the next - second lieutenant, and in 1790 - lieutenant. In 1789, as a volunteer, he participated in a campaign in Finland, and on March 17, 1792, he was appointed adjutant general to c. Saltykov and already in the next year, 1793 (February 18), he was promoted to lieutenant colonel. In 1795, on January 17th, P. was appointed controller to the Counting Expedition of the Military Collegium, and on November 8, 1798, he retired with the rank of major general. After being out of work for 5 years, on November 16, 1803 he was again accepted into the service as a member of the Military Collegium, on January 12, 1806 he was transferred to the audience general, and on March 4, 1810 he again retired . The following year, P. was appointed 2nd Jägermeister of the Court of His Majesty, on July 1, 1817 - Chief Marshal, and on December 12, 1819 - 2nd Chief Jägermeister, which rank he held until his very own of death.
On October 31, 1821, Pashkov was appointed a member of the State Council, and on January 22, 1825, he was ordered to take the post of chairman in the Department of Laws; in this rank he remained until December 22, 1828, when he was dismissed from all the activities of the chairman, and on April 5, 1830 he received the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called; On January 5, 1831, Pashkov was again appointed to the same position; occupying it, he died on January 2, 1834, being a member of the School of the Order of St. Ekaterina Sovetov; he was buried in Moscow, in the Novodevichy Convent. his wife Ekaterina Aleksandrovna, born Countess thick(born January 24, 1768, died December 24, 1835, buried with her husband), on February 9, 1816 she was awarded the Order of St. Catherine, and on April 21, 1828, she was appointed State Lady of Her Majesty.
Official list in the Archives of the Ministry of the Imperial Court; Archive of the State Council; " Full list chiefs, commanders and officers of the l.-gv. Horse Regiment. St. Petersburg, 1886; P. N. Danevsky, "The History of the Formation of the State Council in Russia." St. Petersburg, 1859; Prince A. B. Lobanov-Rostovsky, "Russian Genealogical Book", vol. II , St. Petersburg, 1895; "Russian Antiquity" 1871, vol. III, p. 281; 1873, vol. VII, p. 39.
B. Lvov.
(Polovtsov)
Pashkov, Vasily Alexandrovich
Chief Jägermeister of the court E. I. V., since October 31, 1821, member of the State Court. council, chief marshal; Jan 22 1825 appointed chairman of the department of laws; genus. 1762, † 1838 2 Jan.
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From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (OR) of the author TSBVasily Pashkov was one of the richest people in Russia and led the life of a St. Petersburg aristocrat. However, after a religious conversion, he devoted himself to Christian service, was expelled from Russia and ended his days in exile.
Biography
Before treatment
Vasily belonged to the wealthy aristocratic family of the Pashkovs. He was born on April 2, 1831 in the family of General Alexander Pashkov (1792-1868) and Elizaveta Petrovna Pashkova (by her first marriage - Lobanova-Rostovskaya, nee Kindyakova) (1805-1854).
In 1849, Vasily brilliantly graduated from the Corps of Pages, his name was entered on a marble plaque among the best graduates. Upon graduation with the rank of cornet, he was enlisted in the cavalry guard regiment. Information about how Pashkov's service went and about the time of his resignation is ambiguous. We can confidently say that he was successful in his military career and retired from the service as a colonel.
The marriage of Vasily Alexandrovich with Alexandra Ivanovna Chernysheva-Kruglikova brought him as a dowry a significant part of the wealth of the Cheryshevs in the Moscow and St. Petersburg provinces. Pashkov was personally known to the tsar and was related to several top ministers and generals. Among the relatives were a musician, a writer, a Decembrist and others. famous people. He owned 13 estates in nine districts of various provinces, as well as 4 copper mines in the Urals. As the owner of 450 thousand acres of land, he was the sixth (according to other sources, the fifth) of the largest landowners of the Russian Empire. With his wife and children, Pashkov lived in a huge house on French Embankment in St. Petersburg and led a secular life. Balls in his house were attended even by members royal family.
“Handsome brunette, taller than average, with the manner and manner of a pure aristocrat; pleasant soft tenor, large, expressive eyes are in his favor", - St. Petersburg journalist Nikolai Zhivotov described Pashkov. According to Zhivotov, before his conversion to the Evangelical faith, Pashkov was a man indifferent to religion: “About piety, not to mention fanaticism, thoughts never arose in the head of V.A., who was a passionate hunter, a lover of dances, balls, a big card player, a dashing rider” .
Appeal
At the end of 1883 or the beginning of 1884, Lord Redstock visited Petersburg. He was invited by Elizaveta Chertkova, the twin sister of Pashkov's wife. Chertkova, in grief after the death of her two teenage sons, experienced a deep conversion to God.
Pashkov's wife, apparently, had already come to the faith by the time Redstock arrived, but the colonel himself sought to evade communication with the preacher. Journalist Zhivotov claimed that after the first meeting with Redstock, Pashkov casually said: “What vulgarity! And people want to listen to a senseless chatterer ". In order not to meet with Redstock, the colonel left for his Moscow estate for two months, from where he returned with the hope that he would no longer find a foreigner in St. Petersburg. However, Redstock did not leave, moreover, he became a frequent guest of Pashkov's wife, so it was not possible to avoid communication.
The sermon did not impress Pashkov. After the sermon, Redstock invited the congregation to pray. Those present knelt down, Pashkov, out of courtesy, joined in. During Redstock's unusual, unlearned prayer, the colonel suddenly realized that everything he had heard from the Bible concerned him personally. “When I found in the Word of God that the Lord wants to conclude a new alliance with me, in which He promises not to remember my sins and crimes anymore ... I was awakened by the desire to receive this forgiveness from the Holy God”, - Pashkov later recalled that day in one of his letters. He experienced shock. “Rising from his knees, he was no longer what he used to be, he became a new man in Christ Jesus”, - Sofya Lieven claimed.
After treatment
Within a few years of his conversion, Vasily Pashkov led the movement started by Redstock (for more on Pashkov's Christian ministry, see Religious_activities). He kept in touch with Redstock himself until his death.
In 1882 (according to other sources, in 1883) Pashkov was baptized by faith by Georg Müller (English) Russian
from Bristol.expulsion
In June 1884, Pashkov and Korf were summoned separately to the Minister of Justice (according to other sources, to the Chief Prosecutor of the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church, Konstantin Pobedonostsev). Each of them was asked to sign a waiver from preaching, holding religious meetings and corresponding with believers from southern regions Russia. Both, without saying a word, refused. In response, both were ordered to leave Russia within two days.
With great difficulty, Pashkov managed to get a two-week delay in his departure in order to put his affairs in order. Despite the delay, judging by individual fragments of the correspondence, Pashkov's departure was hasty and shocked him. The family moved in with him no earlier than two years later.
At least in the first two years of emigration, Pashkov hoped that the separation from his homeland was temporary and that sooner or later he would return to Russia. However, only once, in 1888, he was allowed to come to Russia for a short time in connection with the illness of his son, who had contracted typhus. The stay in the Motherland lasted six weeks.
Vasily Pashkov died on January 30, 1902 in Paris. Farewell took place in the Parisian church of St. Martin (fr.) Russian
. He was buried in the non-Catholic cemetery of Testaccio in Rome.Family
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| Pashkov's daughter | |
| One of the daughters of Vasily Pashkov - Olga | |
Wife - Countess Alexandra Ivanovna Chernysheva-Kruglikova(1832-1926), maid of honor of the court, eldest daughter of the hero of the war of 1812, Colonel Ivan Gavrilovich Kruglikov (1787-1847) from his marriage to Countess Sofia Grigoryevna Chernysheva (1799-1847); joined in 1832 the name of his wife and received the title of count.
Alexandra, as a dowry, brought her husband a significant part of the wealth of the Chernyshevs, except for the primate. Together with her twin sister, Elizabeth Chertkova, she became a follower of the English preacher Lord Redstock. It was she who initiated the acquaintance of her husband with Redstock, which later became fateful.
In marriage, the Pashkovs had a son Alexander (1863-1903; major general) and three daughters - Sophia (03/20/1865, Paris-?), Olga (1867-1949; artist) and Maria (1870-1917).
In 1886, Alexandra Ivanovna, following her husband, went abroad with her children. Having been widowed, she returned with her unmarried daughters Olga and Maria to Russia. They lived in the family estate of the Pashkovs in Vetoshkino Nizhny Novgorod province.
Ideas and theology
Split or renewal of the ROC?
Representatives of conservative Orthodoxy accused Redstock and Pashkov of trying to convert the entire population of the empire, headed by the emperor, to their faith. However, neither Redstock nor Pashkov tried to create a sect outside the Russian Orthodox Church. Their goal was the spiritual transformation of Russia, not associated with any one confession, and starting with the Russian Orthodox Church. Writer Nikolai Leskov, who closely communicated with representatives of the movement, noted: “Redstock himself does not found any separate sense, and does not require anything of the kind from his followers. … If there is, perhaps, one single exception, then it’s not worth talking about it”. Pashkov's relative Vladimir Chertkov wrote in his obituary: “in reality, he did not found any sect, but simply, having accepted the so-called “evangelical” understanding of Christian teaching, he tried to spread it by preaching, literature, personal relations, in general, by all his activities” .
However, representatives of Orthodoxy declared the Pashkovites "sectarians" and "heretics", and then began their persecution. There was a gradual estrangement of the Pashkovites from the Russian Orthodox Church, which ended in a complete break.
According to the historian-theologian Konstantin Prokhorov, the basis for the Redstockist-Pashkovsky movement was the dissatisfaction of the representatives of the aristocracy with the then dominant "ritual" form of Russian Orthodoxy. According to Prokhorov, the fact that Redstock did not come to Russia on his own, but at the invitation of Elizabeth Chertkova, testifies to the consciousness of choosing the form of Christianity that the English preacher professed.
Pashkov's confession of faith
Pashkov's systemic theological views are set forth in a document that researchers call Pashkov's Confession of Faith or Pashkov's Doctrine of Faith. The document is fragments of the colonel's letters to the editor of the magazine "Church Herald" Archpriest John Yanyshev. After seminarian student Vladimir Popov accused Pashkov of heresy, Yanyshev asked the colonel to express his theological views in correspondence, and then published it in his journal (in the issue of May 10, 1880).
Justification by faith
The key to Pashkov's confession was the doctrine of salvation solely by personal faith in Jesus Christ, and not by deeds, sacraments, prayers or churchness. This doctrine has been attacked, including on the issue of the role of "works": they say, correct confession is not enough for salvation, good works are still needed. Pashkov immediately specified the role of "deeds": good deeds are the result of salvation, not the cause. “Of course, true faith cannot but be manifested in deeds”- wrote Pashkov. He pointed out that all Christian virtues are "fruit of the Holy Spirit"(Gal.), given by God to the believer (Eph.). “Therefore, no flesh “can boast before God, being justified freely by His grace” (Rom., Eph.)” he wrote. As the researcher Cheryl Corrado noted, judging by the activities of the Pashkovites, the fears of their opponents about the lack of good deeds as a result of such a teaching were in vain.
The assurance of salvation
A significant divergence from the Orthodox theological mainstream was the confidence in their own salvation professed by the Pashkovites. “I have trusted my Savior, in whom I now have eternal life (1 Jn.), who will not let me perish forever and will not let me be snatched out of his hand (Jn.)”, - Pashkov wrote in his "confession". Some opponents attributed to the colonel statements that believers do not sin. Pashkov himself denied this: "Now I hate sin even though I still sin". However, individual followers may have had similar distortions of his teachings.
Attitude towards the sacraments and the Church
Seminar student Popov accused Pashkov of being "called the mind of the devil the Church and the sacraments". Pashkov denied this. He recognized the value of baptism and the breaking of bread (the Lord's Supper), but did not attribute them to the means of salvation. In 1882 or 1883, Pashkov himself was baptized by faith, and communions were held regularly in the meetings of Pashkovites. “I cannot but recognize the sacraments established by the Lord and His apostles” wrote the Colonel. At the same time, he emphasized that “All the sacraments are established exclusively for believers, for whom alone they have a grace-filled effect, turning for everyone who approaches them unworthily, that is, without faith, into condemnation (1 Cor.)” .
Pashkov could question some of the institutions of the Church, although he usually avoided discussing this topic. At the same time, he did not challenge the value of the Church itself and did not separate himself from it. If some followers of Pashkov had a negative attitude towards the cult of the Virgin, icons, relics, the division of Christians into "clergy and the world", then this did not happen at the call of Pashkov, but because he was silent on these topics. “I cannot but recognize the authority of her [church]: I thank my Lord and Savior that I can consider myself to belong to His Church, in which He appointed some as apostles, others as prophets, others as evangelists, others as shepherds and teachers… for the building up of the body of Christ”, - Colonel Yanyshev wrote. Pashkov never called on his followers to leave the Russian Orthodox Church, and he himself did not formally break with it until the end of his life.
Religious activities
Having survived the conversion, Pashkov devoted his life to Christian service, which spread to various sectors of society, from the poorest and oppressed to the color of the aristocracy. It took a variety of forms - these are crowded meetings in Pashkov's house, and meetings of no more than twenty people, and individual work with people both in prisons and in palaces. In addition to preaching Christianity in various forms, Pashkov and the Pashkovites opened cheap canteens for students, tea houses for workers, rooming houses for the homeless, workshops for women in need of work, and schools for children from poor families. They set up the publication of Christian pamphlets and other religious literature, and distributed thousands of books of the New Testament.
Society for the Encouragement of Spiritual and Moral Reading
Observing the growing literacy of the population of the empire and realizing the lack of spiritual literature, in 1876 Pashkov initiated the creation and became the head of the Society for the Encouragement of Spiritual and Moral Reading. It was engaged in the publication and distribution of Christian literature (including Bibles), and also published the journal Russkiy Rabochiy. The Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church gave permission for the creation of the Society, and the members of the Society tried not to publish anything that contradicted Orthodox teaching. Among those published were also Orthodox authors, for example,
