What is the heaviest substance on our planet? and got the best answer

Answer from User deleted[guru]
Scientists have created the highest density substance ever created in the lab.
This was achieved at the Brookhaven National Laboratory in New York through collisions atomic nuclei gold moving at near-light speed. The research was carried out at the world's largest facility on colliding beams, the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), which opened last year and is intended to recreate the conditions that existed at the beginning of the existence of the Universe. The resulting material has a 20 times larger area than is usually obtained in colliders. The temperature of compressed matter reaches a trillion degrees. The substance exists a short time inside the collider. Matter with such a temperature and density existed for several million seconds after the Big Bang at the beginning of the existence of our Universe. The details of the experiment became known at the 2001 Quark Matter Conference at Stony Brook University in New York.
Source: http://www.ibusiness.ru

Answer from 2 answers[guru]

Hey! Here is a selection of topics with answers to your question: What is the heaviest substance on our planet?

Answer from Oh la...[guru]
gray

Answer from Ducat[guru]
mercury

Answer from Evgeny Yurievich[guru]
Money! They weigh down the pocket.
Poddubny. The author of the question did not specify the molecular weight. And the density of the protein, alas, is not great.

Answer from Vladimir Poddubny[active]
squirrels"

Answer from Zoya Ashurova[guru]
The head of a man, with his thoughts. and thoughts are different, that's why the head. Good luck!!

Answer from Luisa[guru]
If we talk about natural substances, then the highest specific gravity of the minerals of the osmic iridium group is 23 g / cm3. It is unlikely that artificial is something heavier.
Compare - halite density ( table salt) - 2.1-2.5, quartz - 2.6, and barite, which has 4.3-4.7, is already called "heavy spar". Copper - almost 9, silver - 10-11, mercury - 13.6, gold - 15-19, platinum group minerals - 14-20.

1. The blackest matter known to man
What happens if you put the edges of carbon nanotubes on top of each other and alternate layers of them? The result is a material that absorbs 99.9% of the light that hits it. The microscopic surface of the material is uneven and rough, which refracts light and is a poor reflective surface. After that try to use carbon nanotubes as superconductors in a certain order, which makes them excellent light absorbers, and you have a real black storm. Scientists are seriously puzzled by the potential applications of this substance, since, in fact, light is not “lost”, the substance could be used to improve optical devices, such as telescopes, and even be used for solar panels operating at almost 100% efficiency.
2. The most combustible substance
Lots of things burn at amazing rates, like styrofoam, napalm, and that's just the beginning. But what if there was a substance that could set fire to the earth? On the one hand, this is a provocative question, but it was asked as a starting point. Chlorine trifluoride has the dubious reputation of being terribly flammable, though the Nazis thought it was too dangerous to work with. When people who discuss genocide believe that the purpose of their life is not to use something because it is too lethal, this encourages careful handling of these substances. It is said that one day a ton of substance was spilled and a fire started, and 30.5 cm of concrete and a meter of sand and gravel burned out until everything subsided. Unfortunately, the Nazis were right.
3. The most poisonous substance
Tell me, what would you least like to get on your face? It could very well be the most deadly poison, which will rightfully take 3rd place among the main extreme substances. Such a poison is really different from what burns through concrete, and from the strongest acid in the world (which will be invented soon). Although not entirely true, but you all, no doubt, heard from the medical community about Botox, and thanks to it the most deadly poison became famous. Botox uses botulinum toxin, which is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, and it is very deadly, and the amount of a grain of salt is enough to kill a person weighing 200 pounds (90.72 kg; approx. mixednews). In fact, scientists have calculated that it is enough to spray only 4 kg of this substance to kill all people on earth. Probably, an eagle would have acted much more humanely with a rattlesnake than this poison with a person.
4. The hottest substance
There are very few things in the world known to man to be hotter than the inside of a newly microwaved Hot Pocket, but this stuff seems set to break that record as well. Created by the collision of gold atoms at almost the speed of light, matter is called quark-gluon "soup" and it reaches a crazy 4 trillion degrees Celsius, which is almost 250,000 times hotter than the stuff inside the Sun. The amount of energy released in the collision would be enough to melt protons and neutrons, which in itself has features that you did not even suspect. Scientists say this stuff could give us a glimpse of what the birth of our universe was like, so it's worth understanding that tiny supernovae aren't created for fun. However, the really good news is that the "soup" spanned one trillionth of a centimeter and lasted for a trillionth of one trillionth of a second.
5. The most corrosive acid
Acid is a terrible substance, one of the scariest monsters in cinema was given acid blood to make it even more terrible than just a killing machine ("Alien"), so it is ingrained inside us that exposure to acid is very bad. If the "aliens" were filled with fluoride-antimonial acid, not only would they sink deep through the floor, but the fumes emitted from their dead bodies would kill everything around them. This acid is 21019 times stronger than sulfuric acid and can seep through glass. And it can explode if you add water. And during its reaction, poisonous fumes are released that can kill anyone in the room.
6 Most Explosive Explosives
In fact, this place is currently divided by two components: octogen and heptanitrocuban. Heptanitrocuban mainly exists in laboratories, and is similar to HMX, but has a denser crystal structure, which carries a greater potential for destruction. HMX, on the other hand, exists in large enough quantities that it can threaten physical existence. It is used in solid propellants for rockets, and even for detonators of nuclear weapons. And the last one is the most terrifying, because despite how easily it happens in the movies, starting a fission/fusion reaction that results in bright, glowing mushroom-like nuclear clouds is not an easy task, but octogen does an excellent job of it.
7. The most radioactive substance
Speaking of radiation, it's worth mentioning that the glowing green "plutonium" rods shown in The Simpsons are just a fantasy. Just because something is radioactive doesn't mean it glows. It's worth mentioning because "polonium-210" is so radioactive that it glows blue. Former Soviet spy Alexander Litvinenko was misled when the substance was added to his food and died of cancer shortly thereafter. This is not something you want to joke about, the glow is caused by the air around the substance that is being affected by the radiation, and indeed the objects around it can get hot. When we say "radiation", we think, for example, of a nuclear reactor or an explosion, where the fission reaction actually takes place. This is only the release of ionized particles, and not out of control splitting of atoms.
8. The heaviest substance
If you thought that the heaviest substance on earth was diamonds, that was a good but inaccurate guess. This is a technically created diamond nanorod. This is actually a collection of nano-scale diamonds, with the lowest degree of compression and the heaviest substance, known to man. It doesn't really exist, but which would be quite handy, as it means that someday we could cover our cars with this material and just get rid of it when a train collision occurs (an unrealistic event). This substance was invented in Germany in 2005 and will probably be used to the same extent as industrial diamonds, except for the fact that the new substance is more resistant to wear than ordinary diamonds.
9. The most magnetic substance
If the inductor were a small black piece, then this would be the same substance. The substance, developed in 2010 from iron and nitrogen, has magnetic abilities that are 18% greater than the previous "record holder" and is so powerful that it has forced scientists to rethink how magnetism works. The person who discovered this substance distanced himself from his studies so that none of the other scientists could reproduce his work, as it was reported that a similar compound was being developed in Japan in the past in 1996, but other physicists were unable to reproduce it, therefore officially this substance was not accepted. It is unclear whether Japanese physicists should promise to make Sepuku under these circumstances. If this substance can be reproduced, it could mean new Age efficient electronics and magnetic motors, possibly increased in power by an order of magnitude.
10. The strongest superfluidity
Superfluidity is a state of matter (similar to solid or gaseous), which takes place at extreme low temperatures, has high thermal conductivity (every ounce of this substance must have exactly the same temperature) and no viscosity. Helium-2 is the most characteristic representative. The helium-2 cup will spontaneously rise and spill out of the container. Helium-2 will also seep through other solid materials, as the total lack of friction allows it to flow through other invisible openings through which ordinary helium (or water for this case) could not flow. "Helium-2" does not come into its proper state at number 1, as if it has the ability to act on its own, although it is also the most efficient thermal conductor on Earth, several hundred times better than copper. Heat moves so fast through "helium-2" that it travels in waves, like sound (actually known as "second sound"), rather than dissipates, it just moves from one molecule to another. By the way, the forces that govern the ability of "helium-2" to crawl along the wall are called the "third sound". You are unlikely to have anything more extreme than the substance that required the definition of 2 new types of sound.

We all love metals. Cars, bicycles, kitchen appliances, drink cans, and more are all made of metal. Metal is the cornerstone of our lives. But sometimes it can be very difficult.

When we talk about the gravity of a particular metal, we usually mean its density, that is, the ratio of mass to the volume occupied.

Another way to measure the "weight" of metals is their relative atomic mass. The heaviest metals in terms of relative atomic mass are plutonium and uranium.

If you want to know which metal is the heaviest, if we consider its density, then we are happy to help you. Here are the top 10 heaviest metals on Earth, with their density per cubic cm.

10. Tantalum - 16.67 g / cm³

Tantalum is an important component in many modern technologies. In particular, it is used for the production of capacitors, which are used in computers and mobile phones.

9. Uranium - 19.05 g / cm³

This is the most heavy element on Earth, considering atomic mass- 238.0289 g / mol. In its pure form, uranium is a silvery-brown heavy metal that is almost twice as dense as lead.

Like plutonium, uranium is a necessary ingredient for building nuclear weapons.

8. Tungsten - 19.29 g / cm³

Considered one of the densest elements in the world. In addition to its exceptional properties (high thermal and electrical conductivity, very high resistance to acids and abrasion), tungsten also has three unique properties:

• After carbon, it has the highest melting point, plus 3422°C. And its boiling point, plus 5555°C, is roughly comparable to the surface temperature of the sun.

• It accompanies tin ores, but prevents the smelting of tin, turning it into slag foam. For this, he got his name, which in German means "wolf cream".
• Tungsten has the lowest coefficient of linear expansion when heated of all metals.

7. Gold - 19.29 g / cm³

Since ancient times, people have been buying, selling and even killing for this precious metal. Yes, people, entire countries are engaged in buying up gold. Leader in this moment is America. And it is unlikely that the time will come when there will be no need for gold.

They say money doesn't grow on trees, but gold does! A small amount of gold can be found in eucalyptus leaves if it is on gold-bearing soil.

6. Plutonium - 19.80 g / cm³

The sixth heaviest metal in the world is one of the most needed components for. And he is a real chameleon in the world of elements. Plutonium showing a colorful oxidation state in aqueous solutions, while their color varies from light purple and chocolate to light orange and green.
The color depends on the degree of oxidation of plutonium and acid salts.

5. Neptunium - 20.47 g / cm³

This silvery metal, named after the planet Neptune, was discovered by chemist Edwin Macmillan and geochemist Philip Abelson in 1940. It is used to obtain the sixth number on our list, plutonium.

4. Rhenium - 21.01 g / cm³

The word "Rhenium" comes from the Latin Rhenus, which means "Rhine". It is not difficult to guess that this metal was discovered in Germany. The honor of its discovery belongs to the German chemists Ida and Walter Noddak. It is the last element discovered to have a stable isotope.

Due to its very high melting point, rhenium (in the form of alloys with molybdenum, tungsten and other metals) is used to create components for rocketry and aviation.

3. Platinum - 21.40 g / cm³

One on this list (other than Osmium and California-252) is used in the most different areas- from jewelry to the chemical industry and space technology. In Russia, the leader in the production of platinum metal is MMC Norilsk Nickel. About 25 tons of platinum is mined annually in the country.

2. Osmium - 22.61 g / cm³

The brittle and at the same time extremely hard metal is rarely used in its pure form. Mostly mixed with other dense metals, such as platinum, to create very complex and expensive surgical equipment.

The name "osmium" comes from the ancient Greek word for "smell". When the alkaline alloy of osmiridium is dissolved in the liquid, a sharp amber appears, similar to the smell of chlorine or rotten radish.

1. Iridium - 22.65 g / cm³ - the heaviest metal

This metal can rightfully claim to be the element with the highest density. However, disputes about which metal is heavier - iridium or osmium, are still ongoing. And the thing is that any impurity can reduce the density of these metals, and obtaining them in their pure form is a very difficult task.

The theoretical calculated density of iridium is 22.65 g/cm³. It is almost three times heavier than iron (7.8 g/cm³). And almost twice as heavy as the heaviest liquid metal - mercury (13.6 g / cm³).

Like osmium, iridium was discovered by the English chemist Smithson Tennant in the early 19th century. It is curious that Tennant found iridium not at all purposefully, but by accident. It was found in an impurity left after the dissolution of platinum.

Iridium is primarily used as a platinum alloy hardener for equipment that must withstand high temperatures. It is processed from platinum ore and is a by-product of nickel mining.

The name "iridium" is translated from ancient Greek as "rainbow". This is due to the presence of salts of various colors in the metal.

The heaviest metal in periodic table Mendeleev is very rare in terrestrial substances. Therefore, its high concentration in rock samples is a marker of their meteorite origin. About 10,000 kilograms of iridium are mined every year around the world. Its largest supplier is South Africa.

Introducing the selection chemical records from the Guinness Book of Records.
Due to the fact that new substances are constantly being discovered, this selection is not permanent.

Chemical records for inorganic substances

• The most common element in earth's crust- oxygen O. Its weight content is 49% of the mass of the earth's crust.
• The rarest element in the earth's crust is astatine At. Its content in the entire earth's crust is only 0.16 g. The second place in terms of rarity is occupied by Fr.
• The most common element in the universe is hydrogen H. Approximately 90% of all atoms in the universe are hydrogen. Helium He is the second most abundant in the universe.
• The strongest stable oxidizing agent is a complex of krypton difluoride and antimony pentafluoride. Due to the strong oxidizing action (oxidizes almost all elements in higher degrees oxidation, including oxidizing atmospheric oxygen) it is very difficult for him to measure the electrode potential. The only solvent that reacts with it rather slowly is anhydrous hydrogen fluoride.
• The densest substance on planet Earth is osmium. The density of osmium is 22.587 g/cm 3 .
• Lithium is the lightest metal. The density of lithium is 0.543 g/cm 3 .
• The densest compound is ditungsten carbide W 2 C. The density of ditungsten carbide is 17.3 g/cm 3 .
• Graphene aerogels are currently the least dense solids. They are a system of graphene and nanotubes filled with air gaps. The lightest of these aerogels has a density of 0.00016 g/cm3. Previous solid with the lowest density - silicon airgel (0.005 g / cm 3). Silicon airgel is used in the collection of micrometeorites present in comet tails.
• The lightest gas and, at the same time, the lightest non-metal is hydrogen. The mass of 1 liter of hydrogen is only 0.08988 grams. In addition, hydrogen is also the most fusible non-metal at normal pressure (melting point is -259.19 0 C).
• The lightest liquid is liquid hydrogen. The mass of 1 liter of liquid hydrogen is only 70 grams.
• The heaviest inorganic gas at room temperature is tungsten hexafluoride WF 6 (boiling point is +17 0 C). The density of tungsten hexafluoride as a gas is 12.9 g/l. Among gases with a boiling point below 0 °C, the record belongs to tellurium hexafluoride TeF 6 with a gas density at 25 0 С of 9.9 g/l.
• The most expensive metal in the world is californium Cf. The price of 1 gram of the 252 Cf isotope reaches 500 thousand US dollars.
• Helium He is the substance with the lowest boiling point. Its boiling point is -269 0 C. Helium is the only substance that does not have a melting point at normal pressure. Even at absolute zero, it remains liquid and can only be obtained in solid form under pressure (3 MPa).
• The most refractory metal and the substance with the highest boiling point is tungsten W. The melting point of tungsten is +3420 0 C, and the boiling point is +5680 0 C.
• The most refractory material is an alloy of hafnium and tantalum carbides (1:1) (melting point +4215 0 С)
• The most fusible metal is mercury. The melting point of mercury is -38.87 0 C. Mercury is also the heaviest liquid, its density at 25°C is 13.536 g/cm 3 .
• Iridium is the most resistant metal to acids. Until now, no acid or mixture of them is known in which iridium would dissolve. However, it can be dissolved in alkalis with oxidizing agents.
• The strongest stable acid is a solution of antimony pentafluoride in hydrogen fluoride.
• The hardest metal is chromium Cr.
• The softest metal at 25 0 C is cesium.
• The hardest material is still diamond, although there are already about a dozen substances approaching it in hardness (boron carbide and nitride, titanium nitride, etc.).
• Silver is the most conductive metal at room temperature.
• The lowest speed of sound in liquid helium at 2.18 K is only 3.4 m/s.
• The highest speed of sound in diamond is 18600 m/s.
• The isotope with the shortest half-life is Li-5, which decays in 4.4 10-22 seconds (proton ejection). Because of such a short lifetime, not all scientists recognize the fact of its existence.
• The isotope with the longest measured half-life is Te-128, with a half-life of 2.2 x 1024 years (double β-decay).
• Xenon and cesium have the most number of stable isotopes (36 each).
• The shortest names chemical element have boron and iodine (3 letters each).
• The longest names of a chemical element (eleven letters each) are protactinium Pa, rutherfordium Rf, darmstadtium Ds.

Chemical records for organics

• The heaviest organic gas at room temperature and the most heavy gas among all at room temperature, is N-(octafluorobut-1-ylidene)-O-trifluoromethylhydroxylamine (b.p. +16 C). Its density as a gas is 12.9 g/l. Among gases with a boiling point below 0°C, the record belongs to perfluorobutane with a gas density at 0°C of 10.6 g/l.
• The most bitter substance is denatonium saccharinate. The combination of denatonium benzoate with the sodium salt of saccharin gave a substance 5 times more bitter than the previous record holder (denatonium benzoate).
• The most non-toxic organic substance is methane. With an increase in its concentration, intoxication occurs due to a lack of oxygen, and not as a result of poisoning.
• The strongest adsorbent for water was obtained in 1974 from a starch derivative, acrylamide and acrylic acid. This substance is able to hold water, the mass of which is 1300 times greater than its own.
• The strongest adsorbent for petroleum products is carbon airgel. 3.5 kg of this substance can absorb 1 ton of oil.
• The most fetid compounds are ethyl selenol and butyl mercaptan - their smell resembles a combination of the smells of rotting cabbage, garlic, onions and sewage at the same time.
• The sweetest substance is N-((2,3-methylenedioxyphenylmethylamino)-(4-cyanophenylimino)methyl)aminoacetic acid (lugduname). This substance is 205,000 times sweeter than a 2% sucrose solution. There are several of its analogues with a similar sweetness. Of industrial substances, the sweetest is talin (a complex of thaumatin and aluminum salts), which is 3,500 to 6,000 times sweeter than sucrose. AT recent times in the food industry, neotame appeared with a sweetness 7000 times higher than sucrose.
• The slowest enzyme is nitrogenase, which catalyzes the assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen by nodule bacteria. The full cycle of transformation of one nitrogen molecule into 2 ammonium ions takes one and a half seconds.
• The organic substance with the highest nitrogen content is either bis(diazotetrazolyl)hydrazine C2H2N12, containing 86.6% nitrogen, or tetraazidomethane C(N3)4, containing 93.3% nitrogen (depending on whether the latter is considered organic or not) . These explosives are extremely sensitive to impact, friction and heat. From inorganic substances the record, of course, belongs to gaseous nitrogen, and of the compounds, to hydronitrous acid HN 3 .
• The longest chemical name has 1578 characters in English spelling and is a modified nucleotide sequence. This substance is called: Adenosene. N--2'-O-(tetrahydromethoxypyranyl)adenylyl-(3'→5')-4-deamino-4-(2,4-dimethylphenoxy)-2'-O-(tetrahydromethoxypyranyl)cytidylyl-(3'→5 ')-4-deamino-4-(2,4-dimethylphenoxy)-2'-O-(tetrahydromethoxypyranyl)cytidylyl-(3'→5')-N--2'-O-(tetrahydromethoxypyranyl)cytidylyl-(3 '→5')-N--2'-O-(tetrahydromethoxypyranyl)cytidylyl-(3'→5')-N--2'-O-(tetrahydromethoxypyranyl)guanylyl-(3'→5')-N- -2′-O-(tetrahydromethoxypyranyl)guanylyl-(3'→5′)-N--2′-O-(tetrahydromethoxypyranyl)adenylyl-(3′→5′)-N--2′-O-(tetrahydromethoxypyranyl )cytidylyl-(3'→5′)-4-deamino-4-(2,4-dimethylphenoxy)-2′-O-(tetrahydromethoxypyranyl)cytidylyl-(3′→5′)-4-deamino-4-( 2,4-dimethylphenoxy)-2'-O-(tetrahydromethoxypyranyl)cytidylyl-(3'→5')-N--2'-O-(tetrahydromethoxypyranyl)guanylyl-(3'→5')-4-deamino- 4-(2,4-dimethylphenoxy)-2'-O-(tetrahydromethoxypyranyl)cytidylyl-(3'→5')-N--2'-O-(tetrahydromethoxypyranyl)cytidylyl-(3'→5')-N --2'-O-(tetrahydromethoxypyranyl)cytidylyl-(3'→5')-N--2'-O-(tetrahydromethoxypyranyl)adenylyl-(3'→5')-N--2'-O-( tetrahydro methoxypyranyl)cytidylyl-(3'→5′)-N--2′-O-(tetrahydromethoxypyranyl)cytidylyl-(3′→5′)-N--2′,3′-O-(methoxymetylene)-octadecakis( 2-chlorophenyl)ester. 5'-.
• The longest chemical name possesses DNA isolated from human mitochondria and consisting of 16569 base pairs. The full name of this compound contains about 207,000 characters.
• System of largest number immiscible liquids, re-separating into components after mixing contains 5 liquids: mineral oil, silicone oil, water, benzyl alcohol and N-perfluoroethylperfluoropyridine.
• The densest organic liquid at room temperature is diiodomethane. Its density is 3.3 g/cm3.
• The most refractory individual organic matter are some aromatic compounds. Of the condensed ones, this is tetrabenzheptacene (melting point +570 C), of the non-condensed ones, p-septiphenyl (melting point of +545 C). Exist organic compounds for which the melting point is not precisely measured, for example, for hexabenzocoronene, its melting point is indicated to be above 700 C. The product of thermal crosslinking of polyacrylonitrile decomposes at a temperature of about 1000 C.
• The organic substance with the highest boiling point is hexatriaconylcyclohexane. It boils at +551°C.
• The longest alkane is nonacontatrictane C390H782. It was specially synthesized to study the crystallization of polyethylene.
• The longest protein is the muscle protein titin. Its length depends on the type of living organism and localization. Mouse titin, for example, has 35213 amino acid residues (molecular weight 3906488 Da), human titin has a length of up to 33423 amino acid residues (molecular weight 3713712 Da).
• The longest genome is the genome of the plant Paris japonica (Paris japonica). It contains 150,000,000,000 base pairs - 50 times more than in humans (3,200,000,000 base pairs).
• The largest molecule is the DNA of the first human chromosome. It contains about 10,000,000,000 atoms.
• The individual explosive with the highest rate of detonation is 4,4'-dinitroazofuroxan. Its measured detonation velocity was 9700 m/s. According to unverified data, ethyl perchlorate has an even higher detonation speed.
• The individual explosive with the highest heat of explosion is ethylene glycol dinitrate. Its heat of explosion is 6606 kJ/kg.
• The strongest organic acid is pentacyanocyclopentadiene.
• Perhaps the strongest base is 2-methylcyclopropenyllithium. The strongest nonionic base is phosphazene, which has a rather complex structure.

Categories

The most expensive metal in the world and the densest substance on the planet

Posted on 02/01/2012 (valid until 02/01/2013)

In nature, there are a lot of different metals and precious stones, the cost of which is very high for most of the inhabitants of the planet. About precious stones, people more or less have an idea which are the most expensive, which are most valued. But, that's how things are with metals, most people other than gold and platinum are no longer aware of expensive metals. What is the most expensive metal in the world? The curiosity of people has no boundaries, they are looking for answers to the most interesting questions. Finding out the cost of the most expensive metal on the planet is not a problem, since this is not classified information.

Most likely, this is the first time you hear this name - the Osmium isotope 1870s. This chemical element is the most expensive metal in the world. You could see the name of such a chemical element in the periodic table at number 76. The isotope of Osmium is the most dense matter on the planet. Its density is 22.61 g/cm 3 . Under normal standard conditions, osmium is silvery in color and has a pungent odor. This metal belongs to the group of platinum metals. This metal is used in the manufacture of nuclear weapons, pharmaceuticals, aerospace, and sometimes in jewelry.

But, now main question– how much is the most expensive metal in the world? Now its cost on the black market is $ 200,000 per 1 gram. Since obtaining the 1870s isotope is a very difficult task, few people will take up this matter. Earlier, in 2004, Kazakhstan officially offered one gram of pure Osmium isotope for $10,000. Kazakhstan at one time became the first expert of expensive metal, no other country put this metal up for sale.

Osmium was discovered by the English chemist Smithson Tennant in 1804. Osmium is obtained from enriched raw materials of platinum metals by calcining this concentrate in air at temperatures of 800-900 degrees Celsius. And until now, scientists replenish the periodic table, getting elements with incredible properties.

Many will say that there is even more expensive metal - this is California 252. The price of California 252 is $ 6,500,000 per 1 gram. But, it is worth considering the fact that the world's supply of this metal is only a few grams. So, as it is produced only at two reactors in Russia and the USA at 20-40 micrograms per year. But, its properties are very impressive: 1 microgram of California produces more than 2 million neutrons per second. Last years this metal is used in medicine as a point source of neutrons for local treatment of malignant tumors.