Far from all substances and reagents are available for free retail today. One of these hard-to-find items is sulfuric acid. Let's consider in this article what it is connected with and where it can be purchased at Russian cities.

Sulfuric acid is... Transportation, storage

For those who are interested in where you can buy, first of all, we recall the properties of this substance dangerous to humans. Sulfuric acid is a kind of strong dibasic acid, its formula is H 2 SO 4 . In Russia, this mixture of sulfur trioxide with water is produced according to GOSTs 667-73, 2184-77, 4240-77. The production of this heavy oily liquid, which has neither color nor odor, involves several of its varieties, which differ in their purity and concentration.

Sulfuric acid has the following important properties:

• Specific gravity - 1.85 g / cm 3 (for ideal one hundred percent sulfuric acid - 1.92 g / cm 3; but such a substance has a significant minus - it freezes at -10 degrees Celsius).
• Boiling point - +296.5 ° Celsius, crystallization point - +10.45 ° Celsius.
• At concentrations up to 70%, only water vapor is released during heating and boiling of this acid. With a higher content of H 2 SO 4, harmful acid emissions also enter the air.
• Explosive and flammable substance. In contact with water, one should be wary of a violent reaction, as a result of which gases, vapors, and heat are released. Therefore, when working with sulfuric acid, you need to have special clothes, shoes, a set of personal chemical protection.

Delivered to the end user sulfuric acid both automotive and by rail. For transportation, special sulfuric acid containers (for technical sulfuric acid) or acid-resistant tanks (for improved H 2 SO 4) are used.

When storing, it is worth remembering that sulfuric acid is a toxic substance belonging to the second hazard class. Extremely safe vapor concentration H 2 SO 4 - 1 mg/m 3 . Before you decide where to buy sulfuric acid (technical), you need to purchase a special container for its storage. In production premises, it is additionally lined

The use of sulfuric acid

The main consumers of sulfuric acid are metallurgical plants and the chemical industry. It is used for:

• purification of oil products from sulfur inclusions;
• ore decomposition;
• scale removal before galvanizing wire, metal sheets;
• nickel plating, chrome plating of metal surface;
• (concentrated solution in organic synthesis);
• fertilizer production (this industry consumes about half of all sulfuric acid produced in the country);
• manufacture of artificial fibers;
• production of ethyl alcohol;
• manufacture of aniline dye.

Individuals interested in where to buy sulfuric acid primarily use it as an electrolyte for

Where to buy sulfuric acid

In the pharmacy, sulfuric acid is not sold in principle. An individual can purchase its non-concentrated solution (30-35%) in stores selling auto parts and auto chemicals. More concentrated solutions are precursors that are not legally sold to individuals.

Before we find out where to buy sulfuric acid, we will give advice from people who have made such an acquisition.

So it's important to keep the following in mind:

1. In rare cases, a large volume of this substance will be sold to a private person - it should be purchased little by little, from different suppliers.
2. If it is not possible to purchase, you can try to evaporate H 2 SO 4 from the electrolyte. The maximum density in this case will be no more than 1.4 g/cm 3 . Evaporation is carried out in a porcelain container in a sand or plaster bath. In no case should this process be carried out indoors.
3. Remember that the sale of sulfuric acid is under control as this substance is used to manufacture narcotics as well as improvised explosives. Even if you buy it for innocent experiments or for refilling a car battery in rather large quantities, this can cause unnecessary suspicion.

Where can I buy sulfuric acid in Moscow

In the capital, sulfuric acid can be purchased at:

• "Himmede";
• "Sigma-Tech";
• online store CJSC "Khimservis";
• LLC "Component-Reaktiv";
• LLC "OdiKhim";
• in Mega-him LLC (technical, accumulator, chemically clean) - the company does not work with private traders.

Sale of sulfuric acid in the cities of Russia

Where to buy sulfuric acid in other Russian cities, consider in the summary table.

Where to buy concentrated sulfuric acid? "Sick" question for a private person. In most cities in free retail only 30-35% battery solutions.

Sulfuric acid is a substance that belongs to strong dibasic acids. Chemical formula sulfuric acid - H 2 SO 4. Pure sulfuric acid is a colorless oily liquid. The density is 1.84 g/cm 3 . The melting point is -10.4 degrees Celsius. Chemical properties this substance contributed to the fact that it was widely used in industry.

Remember the sulfuric acid equation

The sulfuric acid equations describing its production are based on the absorption of sulfur oxide (VI) by water. Sulfur oxide (VI) SO 3 is the highest sulfur oxide with high chemical activity. The interaction of this substance with water leads to the appearance of sulfuric acid. This process is accompanied by the release of a large amount of heat.

Sulfuric acid can be obtained, for example, from the mineral pyrite. This is one of the industrial methods for obtaining this substance. It is described by the following equations:

• 4FeS 2 + 11O 2 \u003d 2Fe 2 O 3 + 8SO 2
• 2SO 2 +O 2 \u003d 2SO 3
• SO 3 + H 2 O \u003d H 2 SO 4

In this method, vanadium (V) oxide is used as a catalyst in the oxidation of SO 2 to SO 3. In addition, the catalysts for this reaction are iron oxide and platinum. However, in industry they are not used for reasons of rationality. So, platinum is a very expensive metal. And iron oxide for the manifestation of catalytic properties must be heated to a temperature of 625 degrees Celsius. Its use would require additional complication of the process.

Technical sulfuric acid is a mixture of sulfuric acid and water. The mechanism of oxidation of metals by sulfuric acid depends on its concentration. So, if the acid is highly diluted, then it oxidizes with a hydrogen ion. An example of such a reaction is shown below:

• Zn + H 2 SO 4 \u003d ZnSO 4 + H 2

In this case, only those metals are oxidized, the activity of which exceeds the activity of hydrogen. If the acid concentration is high, then the oxidation takes place due to sulfur. Such an acid reacts with silver, as well as with metals that are in a series of voltages below this element. In this case, the final products depend on the activity of the metal and the reaction conditions. So, if the metal is inactive, then the acid is reduced to sulfur oxide (IV):

• Cu + 2H 2 SO 4 \u003d CuSO 4 + SO 2 + 2H 2 O

More active metals can release either sulfur or hydrogen sulfide:

• 3Zn + 4H 2 SO 4 \u003d 3ZnSO 4 + S + 4H 2 O
• 4Zn + 5H 2 SO 4 \u003d 4ZnSO 4 + H 2 S + 4H 2 O

If you are interested in how to get sulfuric acid, the easiest way to do this is in the store. Since when producing it in a home laboratory, one cannot count on receiving a batch, the volume of which is suitable for practical use.

Sulfuric acid is an oily heavy liquid substance that is colorless and odorless. It is a strong oxidizing agent that interacts with many metals. A dilute compound also reacts with all metals located in the voltage series to the left of hydrogen, but does not have oxidizing properties.

Areas of use

• In industry: in the extraction of ores, for the production of fertilizers, various chemical fibers, dyes and chemical mixtures.
• In lead-acid batteries, it plays the role of an electrolyte.
• In the food industry, it is used as an emulsifier E513.
• Chemical enterprises receive titanium dioxide with its help, ethanol and other substances.

At the enterprises it is possible to buy technical sulfuric acid in bulk. The compound is transported by rail or road and stored in stainless steel tanks. Tanks are placed in a room where acid-resistant tiles or bricks are laid on the floor, there must be a canopy or roof on top to prevent precipitation. The substance is very hygroscopic and is able to absorb moisture from the air, so it is important that the container where it is stored is hermetically sealed. Shelf life - 1 month from the date of manufacture.

When working with this compound, you should observe safety measures and work in a special suit with a gas mask, safety shoes and gloves. It is a caustic chemical that, on contact with mucous membranes, skin and respiratory tract, causes chemical burns, difficulty breathing and coughing. Permissible content of the compound in the air of the working room is 1 mg/m? and 0.1 mg/m? in the atmosphere (per day). Released on contact with water a large number of smoke and heat. The substance is not explosive.

Dissolution of sulfuric anhydride (sulfur trioxide) in water. And to obtain anhydride, sulfur dioxide formed, for example, after roasting sulfide ores, or obtained by a direct method (by burning sulfur in oxygen), is oxidized to sulfuric anhydride at a temperature of 500 degrees Celsius on catalysts made of platinum, vanadium oxide and the like. But, in order to get concentrated sulfuric acid in an artisanal way, it is not necessary to resort to the tricks described above. We buy a battery in a car store, take an ordinary glass jar and pour it there, then we take a pan, pour a motor into it (working off will do quite well) and put a jar there. Then we put it all on the electric stove.

Thus, water is evaporated from the electrolyte. The trick of the bath is that it is somewhat more than boiling water, and thus the water boils away calmly, but the oil does not boil and the glass jar remains intact, because. heats up evenly over the entire area. Even hot concentrated sulfuric acid does not interact with glass, so the amount of impurities in it is minimal. The process can be carried out in the temperature range from 100 to 300 degrees, but it is better not to exceed the boiling point of the oil. Continue the process until the water boils away. In principle, enrichment of sulfuric acid can be carried out in a solid metal container, but after that the acid will be heavily contaminated with impurities and will have a color, and besides, there is a possibility that the container will leak during the process.

note

Avoid sudden temperature changes, this applies to a glass jar, i.e. do not put a cold jar in hot oil and a hot jar on a cold surface, let it cool completely, otherwise it will burst without fail. Be sure to protect your eyes, skin, clothing, use gloves, goggles and other means. Hot concentrated sulfuric acid is a pretty scary thing.

Useful advice

In automotive stores, in addition to the standard electrolyte with a density of 1.27, it is also sold with a density of 1.4, take it, the product yield will be greater. It is desirable to do such things in the air, because. When heated, the oil will smoke a little.

Sources:

• production of sulfuric acid

In the automotive practice of every driver, there comes a time when, when using an old, battered car battery, it becomes necessary to drain the used electrolyte from cans. This is due to the fact that the plates of the old battery begin to crumble and, in order to prevent their short circuit, it is necessary to replace the electrolyte in order to add to its service life. This operation must be carried out with due care.

You will need

• dishes where you will drain the spent electrolyte, a rubber bulb with a spout 10-12 cm, clean rags.

Instruction

Place the battery removed from the workbench (desktop). Thoroughly wipe the surface of the battery. Unscrew the plugs that close the battery banks. Place a container next to the battery to drain the used one. Take a rubber bulb, squeeze it, thereby releasing air from it and immerse the nose all the way into the battery jar. When the pear has regained its original shape, it is that it is full. Gently transfer the spout of the pear and, using the extrusion method, release the pear from the waste liquid, pouring it into the dishes for working off.

Repeat this operation until the final draining of all battery cans. If you need to fill in a new electrolyte, it is advisable to rinse the cans with distilled water. To this end, draw liquid into a rubber bulb, fill each jar with distilled water. After that, tighten the corks on the banks and turn the battery over several times. After that, you also select the used wash with a rubber bulb. Now you need to pour the prepared electrolyte with the required density into the jars. To do this, collect fresh electrolyte in a pear and fill the jars. They must be filled to the bottom cut of the neck. After you fill the battery with electrolyte, it must be put on charge.

If the electrolyte has got on open areas of the body, it is necessary to wash the affected area with running water and if the lesions are small, smear the burn with sea buckthorn oil or its substitute. However, if the lesion is extensive, after mandatory washing, you must contact the burn department, where you will be provided with the necessary assistance.

note

In order to drain the electrolyte, it is necessary to know the conditions for working with toxic and harmful liquids. You must be dressed in work overalls, because. Electrolyte getting on the fabric will inevitably ruin the clothes. Hair must be removed under a working headgear, rubber gloves are prepared, in which you will drain the electrolyte. Workplace must be free from foreign objects that will interfere with work. Running water should be provided near the workplace. Near the workplace there should be a medical portable first aid kit, or an automobile first aid kit with bandages and sea buckthorn oil (Rescuer ointment). When working with toxic liquids, it is important to protect the eyes from accidental contact with electrolyte. For this purpose, work must be done in working glasses.

Useful advice

Acid electrolyte battery- this water solution concentrated sulfuric acid. The electrolyte for the battery is prepared from dilute sulfuric acid with a density of 1.40 g / cu cm, to which distilled water is added, bringing the battery density to 1.27 in summer, and to 1.29-1.31 g / cu cm in winter.

Sources:

• electrolyte drain

In order for the battery to always work reliably, monitor the level and density of the electrolyte in the banks. Top up with evaporating distilled water to a level of at least 10 mm above the plates. If during the next measurements of density it does not reach setpoints, then it's time to add electrolyte.

You will need

• Electrolyte or battery acid, distilled water, hydrometer, enema, measuring cup, goggles, rubber gloves

Sulfuric acid is a strong dibasic acid the highest degree sulfur oxidation.

Synonyms: vitriol

Sulfuric acid formula: H2SO4

Molar mass: 98.08 g/mol

CAS number: 7664-93-9

Chemical properties of sulfuric acid

Sulfuric acid is an oily liquid, colorless and odorless. Sulfuric acid is a strong oxidizing agent, the oxidation properties are especially pronounced when heated. As the concentration of sulfuric acid increases, the boiling point rises. Sulfuric acid oxidizes HI and partially HBr to free halogens, carbon to CO 2, S to SO 2, and many metals can also be oxidized. In this case, sulfuric acid is reduced to SO 2, and the most powerful reducing agents - to S and H 2 S.

Concentrated sulfuric acid is partially reduced by H 2 , which is why it cannot be used for drying it. Dilute sulfuric acid reacts with all metals that are in the electrochemical series of voltages to the left of hydrogen, with the release of H 2 . Oxidizing properties for dilute sulfuric acid are uncharacteristic.
Sulfuric acid gives two series of salts: medium - sulfates and acidic - hydrosulfates, as well as esters.

Precautionary measures

Sulfuric acid is quite dangerous, therefore, when interacting with it, all precautions must be observed, otherwise you can get chemical burns of the skin, mucous membranes and respiratory tract.

When working with sulfuric acid, use special clothing, shoes, gloves with protective functions, as well as personal protective equipment.

If you nevertheless breathed in sulfuric acid vapors, the following somatic manifestations are possible: breathing difficulties, severe cough, laryngitis, tracheitis and even bronchitis may develop.

For a person, the permissible concentration of sulfuric acid is equal: in the air of the working area 1.0 mg / m³, in the atmospheric air 0.3 mg / m³ (maximum one-time) and 0.1 mg / m³ (average daily).

At a concentration of 0.008 mg/l (exposure 60 minutes), the body has a damaging effect.

Lethal outcome is guaranteed at a concentration of sulfuric acid in the amount of 0.18 mg / l (60 min).

Storage conditions

In warehouses, sulfuric acid should be stored in tanks, which are located either directly in the room or under a canopy. It is important to prevent the impact of precipitation on upper part tanks.

Tanks for storage of finished sulfuric acid are horizontal or vertical cylindrical tanks made of sheet steel with a capacity of up to 3000m 3 .

Concentrated sulfuric acid (tower, contact) and oleum are stored in unlined steel tanks. Steel tanks for storage of particularly pure and also low-concentration sulfuric acid are lined with acid-resistant ceramics.

The use of sulfuric acid