The collection of anomalous phenomena in orbit has already exceeded two thousand evidence

After the successful launches of the first cosmonauts, many began to think that the cosmos did not contain any special surprises and would gradually, step by step, reveal all its secrets. But subsequent, more long flights into the unknown abyss showed that being in zero gravity is fraught with many surprises for scientists and the astronauts themselves. And the very first flights were not so simple. This became known only now.

hallucinations in orbit

In November, the Smolensk Regional Universal Library named after Tvardovsky, a meeting was planned with the famous pilot, world record holder, doctor technical sciences, a member of the Writers' Union of Russia Marina Popovich. But she was never able to meet the readers. Summed up health. It's a pity! Your obedient servant planned to talk to her about anomalous phenomena in orbit, because the collection of such facts collected by this amazing woman has already exceeded two thousand testimonies. It turns out that even Yuri Gagarin in orbit heard some melodies similar to music. Cosmonaut Vladislav Volkov also spoke about his sound hallucinations. They literally pursued him throughout almost the entire five-day flight on the Soyuz-7 spacecraft in 1969.
“The earthly night flew below… And suddenly from this night came the barking of a dog. An ordinary dog, maybe even a simple mongrel... I don’t know where the paths of associations go, but it seemed to me that this was the voice of our Laika. He hit the air and forever remained a satellite of the Earth. And then, after a few seconds, the cry of a child was clearly audible! And some voices. And again, the very earthly cry of a child. It is impossible to explain all this, ”he recalled after this difficult flight. Vladislav Volkov could tell a lot today, but, unfortunately, he died in 1971, together with Georgy Dobrovolsky and Viktor Patsaev, in the accident of the descent capsule of the Soyuz-11 spacecraft.

Even more interesting are the visual and psychological phenomena in space. The first to tell the world about them in October 1995 was cosmonaut-researcher Sergei Krichevsky, Doctor of Technical Sciences, member of the Tsiolkovsky Academy of Cosmonautics. He had the feeling of being astronauts in the "skin" of various animals. The observed vision pictures were unusually vivid, moreover, he perfectly understood the speech of other beings! And the astronaut was transferred to other unknown celestial bodies.

No less interesting is the information of Doctor of Technical Sciences Valentin Lebedev, who flew more than once on the Soyuz spacecraft, and then on the Salyut-7 station. According to him, many astronauts during the flights saw some kind of monsters, monsters that seemed completely real to them. American researchers, unlike their Russian counterparts, are less talkative on this score. The exception is astronaut Gordon Cooper, who reported that, flying over the territory of Tibet, he could look at residential buildings and their surrounding buildings on Earth without any optical and electronic devices.

And cosmonaut Vitaly Sevastyanov could even see his own two-story house from orbit over the Sochi region. There are many rumors about what exactly the American astronauts "saw" on the moon. However, they themselves remain silent or declare that they signed a non-disclosure agreement. But many of them clearly changed after returning to Earth: some became depressed, others became deeply religious people, and some even broke off relations with the leadership of NASA.

More talkative was Edwin Aldrin, the second in world history to leave his mark on the moon. He said that during landing on its surface he was "attacked" ... space dust: "This cosmic wind penetrated my brain, it was he who obviously disturbed my nervous and mental balance."

Contrary to the "iron" instructions

The astronauts also encounter another phenomenon that has been known for a long time, but has never been proposed "for publication". Here is what one of the astronauts, who was in the crew as a flight engineer, told a correspondent for the magazine Miracles and Adventures. During the flight, the ship's commander could not enter the calculated orbit in any way in order to dock with the orbital station. But the supply of fuel for any maneuvers at the ship is limited. If another attempt failed, we would have to fly past the station without completing the task. The flight engineer could not help the ship in those minutes - the commander is responsible for its management.

And suddenly, at some point, a command sounded distinctly in the head of the flight engineer: “Take control!” And what is most surprising, the commander immediately handed over control of the ship to his subordinate. Then he will say that he did not hear any commands, but only suddenly realized that he had to do just that, although this was contrary to the "iron" instructions. And the flight engineer did not lose consciousness, but was in some kind of trance and obediently carried out the commands that “sounded” in his head. It was only thanks to these clear commands that the docking was made.

After returning to Earth, the commander "got" from his superiors, to a lesser extent - to the second crew member, but they did not say anything to anyone about incomprehensible commands from outside. Later it became known that other astronauts experienced something similar. Apparently, there are phenomena that are not yet available modern science... Mysterious phenomena were also observed during terrestrial training of cosmonauts in the depressurization chamber. Yuri Gagarin and Vladimir Lebedev wrote about this in the book Psychology and Space. One of the participants in the experiment among the devices suddenly began to see completely unfamiliar faces. Another dashboard suddenly began to "melt" and "drip" on the floor. There was a case when a person who was in the cell demanded to turn off the TV, because the apparatus allegedly emitted strong heat.

Changes in consciousness

Some experts suggest that in most of the cases described, the astronauts undergo a change in consciousness. A person finds himself in an unusual environment, and it becomes a kind of catalyst for such states. And Vladimir Vorobyov, a senior researcher at the RAMS Center, claims that visions and inexplicable sensations in orbit, as a rule, do not torment the astronaut, but give him a kind of pleasure. After returning from orbit, most space explorers begin to experience a state of melancholy, they have an irresistible, sometimes painful craving to return there again.

Cosmos, according to the scientist, is a book that a person is trying to read, but, despite all the efforts, he managed to master only the first page of this giant multi-volume book ...

Nikolai Kezhenov

"Working Way", Smolensk

April 12 marks the 56th anniversary of the appearance of man in space. Since then, astronauts regularly tell incredible stories that happened to them in space. Strange sounds that cannot propagate in vacuum, inexplicable visions and mysterious objects are present in the reports of many astronauts. Further, the story will go on about what so far there is no unambiguous explanation.

Already a few years after the flight, Yuri Gagarin attended one of the concerts of the popular VIA. Then he admitted that he had already heard similar music, but not on Earth, but during a flight into space.

This fact is all the more strange, since before Gagarin's flight, electronic music did not yet exist in our country, and it was precisely such a melody that the first cosmonaut heard.

Similar sensations were experienced by people who visited space later. For example, Vladislav Volkov spoke about the strange sounds that literally surrounded him during his stay in space.

“The earthly night was flying below. And suddenly from that night came the barking of a dog. And then the crying of the child became distinctly audible! And some voices. It is impossible to explain all this, ”Volkov described the experience in this way.

Sounds followed him almost the entire time of the flight.

American astronaut Gordon Cooper said that, flying over the territory of Tibet, he was able to see houses with surrounding buildings with the naked eye.

Scientists have given the effect the name "Growth of Ground Objects," but scientific explanation there is no opportunity to consider something from a distance of 300 kilometers yet.

A similar phenomenon was experienced by cosmonaut Vitaly Sevastyanov, who said that when flying over Sochi, he was able to see his own two-story house, which caused controversy among opticians.

Candidate of technical and philosophical sciences, test cosmonaut Sergei Krichevsky first heard about inexplicable cosmic visions and sounds from his colleague, who spent half a year on the Mir orbital complex.

When Krichevsky was preparing for his first flight into space, a colleague informed him that while in space, a person can be subject to fantastic daydreams that many astronauts have observed.

Literally, the warning was as follows: “A person undergoes one or more transformations. Transformations at that moment seem to him a natural phenomenon, as if it should be so. Visions of all astronauts are different ...

… One thing is similar: those who have been in such a state determine a certain powerful flow of information coming from outside. None of the astronauts can call it hallucinations - the sensations are too real.

Later, Krichevsky called this phenomenon the "Solaris effect", which was described by the author Stanislav Lemm, whose fantastic work "Solaris" accurately predicted inexplicable cosmic phenomena.

Although there is no clear scientific answer to the occurrence of such visions, some scientists believe that the occurrence of such visions unexplained cases occurs due to exposure to microwave radiation.

In 2003, Yang Liwei, who became the first Chinese astronaut to go into space, also witnessed the unexplainable.

He was on board the Shenzhou 5 when one night on October 16th he heard a strange sound from outside, like crackling.

According to the astronaut, he had the feeling that someone was knocking on the wall of the spacecraft in the same way as an iron ladle knocks on a tree. Liwei says that the sound did not come from outside, but not from inside the spacecraft either.

Liwei's stories were called into question, since in a vacuum, the propagation of any sound is impossible. But on subsequent Shenzhou missions in space, two other Chinese astronauts heard the same knock.

In 1969, American astronauts Tom Stafford, Gene Cernan and John Young were on dark side Moon, calmly removing craters. At that moment, they heard an “otherworldly organized noise” coming from their headset.

“Space Music” went on for one hour. Scientists have suggested that the sound arose due to radio interference between spacecraft, but could three experienced astronauts mistake ordinary interference for an alien phenomenon.

May 5, 1981 Hero Soviet Union Pilot-Cosmonaut Major General Vladimir Kovalyonok noticed something inexplicable in the window of the Salyut station.

“Many astronauts have seen phenomena that go beyond the experience of earthlings. For ten years I never spoke of such things. At the time we were over the area South Africa, moving in the direction indian ocean. I was just doing some gymnastic exercises when I saw an object in front of me through the porthole, the appearance of which I could not explain ...

… I was looking at this object, and then something happened that is impossible according to the laws of physics. The object had an elliptical shape. From the side, it seemed as if it was spinning in the direction of flight. After that, there was a sort of explosion of golden light…

… Then after one or two seconds there was a second explosion somewhere else and two spheres appeared, golden and very beautiful. After this explosion, I saw white smoke. The two spheres never returned."

In 2005, American astronaut Leroy Chiao, commander of the ISS, led her for six and a half months. One day he was setting up antennas 230 miles above the Earth when he witnessed the inexplicable.

“I saw lights that seemed to line up. I saw them fly, and I thought it looked terribly strange, ”he later said.

Cosmonaut Musa Manarov spent a total of 541 days in space, of which one in 1991 he remembered more than others. On the way to the Mir space station, he managed to capture a cigar-shaped UFO on camera.

The video is two minutes long. The astronaut said that this object shone at certain moments and moved in a spiral in space.

Dr. Story Musgrave has six PhDs and is also a NASA astronaut. It was he who told a very colorful story about UFOs.

In a 1994 interview, he said: “I saw a snake in space. It is elastic because it had internal waves and it followed us for quite a long period of time. The more you stay in space, the more incredible things you can see there.”

Cosmonaut Vasily Tsibliyev was tormented by visions in his sleep. During sleep in this position, Tsibliyev behaved extremely restlessly, he screamed, gnashed his teeth, and tossed about.

“I asked Vasily, what’s the matter? It turned out that he had enchanting dreams, which he sometimes took for reality. He could not retell them. He only kept repeating that he had never seen anything like it in his life, ”said a colleague of the ship commander.

Six cosmonauts aboard the ISS, waiting for the arrival of Soyuz-6, observed translucent figures 10 meters high for 10 minutes, which accompanied the station, and then disappeared.

Nikolai Rukavishnikov observed flashes in near-Earth space during a flight aboard the Soyuz-10 spacecraft.

During the rest, he was in a darkened compartment with his eyes closed. Suddenly he saw flashes, which at first he took for the signals of a flashing light panel, shining through his eyelids.

However, the board burned with a steady light and its brightness was not sufficient to create the observed effect.

Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin recalled, "There was something there, close enough to us that we could see it."

“During the Apollo 11 mission on its way to the moon, I noticed a light in the porthole of the ship, it seemed that it was moving with us. There were several explanations for this phenomenon, another ship from another country, or it was the panels that came off when we removed the rocket from the lander. But it wasn't all that."

“I feel absolutely convinced that we are face to face with something incomprehensible. What it was I could not classify. Technically, the definition could be one "unidentified"."

James McDivitt made the first manned flight on Gemini 4 on June 3, 1965 and recorded: “I looked out the window and saw a white spherical object against the black sky. He abruptly changed the direction of the flight.

McDivitt also managed to photograph a long metal cylinder. The Air Force command again resorted to a tried and tested trick, announcing that the pilot confused what he saw with the Pegasus-2 satellite.

McDivitt replied: "I report that during my flight I did see what some people call a UFO, namely an unidentified flying object."

At the same time, many fellow astronauts also observed unidentified flying objects during flights.

They say that in the archives of Roskosmos is described unusual story with the crew of the Soyuz-18 spacecraft, which happened in April 1975 - it was classified for 20 years. Due to the failure of the carrier rocket, the cabin of the spacecraft was fired from the rocket at an altitude of 195 km and rushed towards the Earth.

The astronauts experienced enormous G-forces during which they heard a "mechanical, like a robot" voice that asked if they wanted to live. They did not have the strength to answer, then the voice said: We will not let you die in order for you to pass on to your own - you need to abandon the conquest of space.

Having landed and climbed out of the capsule, the astronauts began to wait for rescuers. When night fell, they lit a fire. Suddenly they heard a growing whistle and at the same time they saw some kind of luminous object in the sky, hovering right above them.

By the way, the ISS cameras record unknown space objects with enviable regularity.

Cosmonaut Alexander Serebrov expressed his opinion on this issue: “There, in the depths of the Universe, no one knows what happens to people. The state of the physical is more or less studied, but changes in consciousness are a dark forest. Doctors pretend that a person can be prepared for anything on Earth. In fact, this is absolutely not the case."

Vladimir Vorobyov, Doctor of Medical Sciences and Senior Researcher at the RAMS Center, states the following: “But visions and other inexplicable sensations in space orbit, as a rule, do not torment the astronaut, but give him a kind of pleasure, despite the fact that they cause fear ...

… It is worth considering that there is also a hidden danger in this. It is no secret that, after returning to Earth, most space explorers begin to experience a state of longing for these phenomena and at the same time experience an irresistible, and sometimes painful craving to feel these states again.”

Space is full of mysteries and mysteries. It is not without reason that science fiction writers have devoted such a huge number of outstanding works to the space theme. And in space there are many more inexplicable processes than we think. We invite you to get acquainted with the most amazing phenomena that occur in space.

Everyone knows that a shooting star is a simple meteorite that burns up in the atmosphere. At the same time, many people are unaware of the existence of real falling hypervelocity stars, which are huge fireballs of gas flying through outer space at a speed of millions of kilometers per hour. One of the hypotheses of such a phenomenon is as follows: when a binary star is very close to a black hole, one of the stars is absorbed by a massive black hole, and the other begins to move at great speed. Just imagine a huge ball, the size of which is 4 times the size of our sun, flying at great speed in our galaxy.

One of these planets, Gliese 581 c, revolves around a red small star, which is many times smaller than the sun. Its glow is hundreds of times less than that of our sun. The hellish planet is located much closer to its own star than our Earth. Due to its extreme proximity to its star, Gliese 581 c always turns to the star of one of its sides, while the other side, on the contrary, is removed from it. Therefore, a real hell is happening on the planet: one hemisphere resembles a “hot frying pan”, and the second is an icy desert. However, between the two poles there is a small belt where life is likely to exist.

The Castor system includes 3 double systems. Here the brightest star is Pollux. The second brightest is Castor. In addition to them, the system includes two double stars, similar to Betelgeuse (class 3 - red and orange stars). The total brightness of the stars in the Castor system is 52.4 times higher than that of our sun. Look at the starry sky at night. Surely you will see these stars.

In recent years, scientists have been actively studying the dust cloud located near the center of the Milky Way. Some are convinced that God is there. If he still exists, then he approached the issue of creating such an object quite creatively. German scientists have proven that a dust cloud called Sagittarius B2 smells like raspberries. This is achieved through the presence of huge number ethyl formate, which gives a specific smell to wild raspberries, as well as rum.

The planet Gliese 436 b, discovered by scientists in 2004, is no less strange than Gliese 581 c. Its magnitude is almost the same as that of Neptune. The icy planet is located in the constellation Leo at a distance of 33 light years from our Earth. The planet Gliese 436 b is a huge water ball where the temperature is below 300 degrees. Due to the strong gravity of the core, water molecules on the surface of the planet do not evaporate, but the so-called “ice burning” process occurs.

55 Cancri e or the diamond planet is made entirely of real diamonds. It was valued at 26.9 nonillion dollars. Undoubtedly, this is the most expensive object in the galaxy. Once it was just a core in a binary system. But as a result of the influence of high temperature (over 1600 degrees Celsius) and pressure, most carbons became diamonds. The dimensions of 55 Cancri e are twice the size of our Earth, and the mass is as much as 8 times.

The huge Himiko cloud (half the size of the Milky Way) can show us the origins of the primordial galaxy. This object dates back 800 million years since the Big Bang. It was previously thought that the Himiko cloud is one large galaxy, and in recent times are of the opinion that there are 3 relatively young galaxies.

The largest water reservoir, which has 140 trillion times more water than the entire Earth, is located 20 billion light years from the earth's surface. The water here is in the form of a massive cloud of gas, located next to a huge black hole, constantly spewing out such energy that 1000 trillion suns could produce.

Not so long ago (a couple of years ago), scientists discovered an electric current cosmic scale at 10 ^ 18 amperes, which is equivalent to about 1 trillion lightning. It is assumed that the strongest discharges originate in a huge black hole located in the center of the galactic system. One of these lightnings, launched by a black hole, is one and a half times the size of our galaxy.

The Large Quasar Group (LQG), consisting of 73 quasars, is one of the largest structures in the entire universe. Its magnitude is 4 billion light years. Scientists still have not been able to understand how such a structure could form. According to cosmological theory, the existence of such a huge group of quasars is simply impossible. LQG undermines the generally accepted cosmological principle, according to which there can be no structure more than 1.2 billion light years.

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• Participant: Terekhova Ekaterina Aleksandrovna
• Head: Andreeva Yulia Vyacheslavovna

The purpose of the work: to compare the flow physical phenomena on Earth and in space.

Introduction

Many countries have long-term space exploration programs. The central place in them is occupied by the creation of orbital stations, since it is with them that the chain of the largest stages of mastering humanity begins. outer space. A flight to the Moon has already been carried out, many months of flights aboard interplanetary stations are being successfully carried out, automatic vehicles have visited Mars and Venus, Mercury, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune have been explored from flyby trajectories. Over the next 20-30 years, the possibilities of astronautics will increase even more.

Many of us in childhood dreamed of becoming astronauts, but then we thought about more earthly professions. Is going into space really an unrealizable wish? After all, space tourists have already appeared, perhaps someday anyone will be able to fly into space, and the childhood dream will come true?

But if we fly into space, we will be faced with the fact that for a long time we will have to be in a state of weightlessness. It is known that for a person who is accustomed to earthly gravity, staying in this state becomes a difficult test, and not only physical, because many things happen in weightlessness in a completely different way than on Earth. Unique astronomical and astrophysical observations are carried out in space. Satellites in orbit, automatic space stations, vehicles require special maintenance or repair, and some obsolete satellites must be eliminated or returned from orbit to Earth for rework.

Does a fountain pen write in weightlessness? Is it possible to measure the weight in the cockpit of a spacecraft using a spring or lever balance? Does the water flow out of the kettle if you tilt it? Does a candle burn in weightlessness?

Answers to such questions are contained in many sections studied in school course physics. When choosing the topic of the project, I decided to bring together the material on this topic, which is contained in various textbooks, and give comparative characteristic the course of physical phenomena on Earth and in space.

Objective: to compare the course of physical phenomena on Earth and in space.

Tasks:

• Make a list of physical phenomena, the course of which may differ.
• Study sources (books, internet)
• Make a table of events

Relevance of the work: some physical phenomena proceed differently on Earth and in space, and some physical phenomena are better manifested in space, where there is no gravity. Knowledge of the features of processes can be useful for physics lessons.

Novelty: such studies were not carried out, but in the 90s an educational film about mechanical phenomena was shot at the Mir station

An object: physical phenomena.

Thing: comparison of physical phenomena on Earth and in space.

1. Basic terms

Mechanical phenomena are phenomena that occur with physical bodies when they move relative to each other (the revolution of the Earth around the Sun, the movement of cars, the swing of a pendulum).

Thermal phenomena are phenomena associated with the heating and cooling of physical bodies (boiling a kettle, the formation of fog, the transformation of water into ice).

Electrical phenomena are phenomena arising from the appearance, existence, movement and interaction electric charges (electricity, lightning).

It is easy to show how phenomena occur on Earth, but how can one demonstrate the same phenomena in weightlessness? For this, I decided to use fragments from the series of films "Lessons from Space". These are very interesting films shot at one time on orbital station"World". The real lessons from space are conducted by the pilot-cosmonaut, the hero of Russia Alexander Serebrov.

But, unfortunately, few people know about these films, so another of the tasks of creating the project was to popularize the Lessons from Space, created with the participation of VAKO Soyuz, RSC Energia, RNPO Rosuchpribor.

In weightlessness, many phenomena occur differently than on Earth. There are three reasons for this. First: the effect of gravity is not manifested. We can say that it is compensated by the action of the force of inertia. Secondly, the Archimedean force does not act in weightlessness, although the Archimedes law is also fulfilled there. And thirdly, surface tension forces begin to play a very important role in weightlessness.

But even in weightlessness, the unified physical laws of nature work, which are true both for the Earth and for the entire Universe.

The state of complete absence of weight is called weightlessness. Weightlessness, or the absence of weight of an object, is observed when, for some reason, the force of attraction between this object and the support disappears, or when the support itself disappears. the simplest example the emergence of weightlessness - free fall inside a closed space, that is, in the absence of the influence of air resistance forces. Let's say a falling plane is attracted by the earth itself, but in its cabin a state of weightlessness arises, all bodies also fall with an acceleration of one g, but this is not felt - after all, there is no air resistance. Weightlessness is observed in space when a body moves in orbit around some massive body, a planet. Such a circular motion can be considered as a constant fall on the planet, which does not occur due to the circular rotation in the orbit, and there is also no atmospheric resistance. Moreover, the Earth itself, constantly rotating in orbit, falls and cannot fall into the sun in any way, and if we did not feel the attraction from the planet itself, we would find ourselves in weightlessness relative to the attraction of the sun.

Some of the phenomena in space proceed in exactly the same way as on Earth. For modern technologies weightlessness and vacuum are not a hindrance ... and even vice versa - it is preferable. On Earth it is impossible to achieve such high degrees vacuum, as in interstellar space. Vacuum is needed to protect the processed metals from oxidation, and the metals do not melt, the vacuum does not interfere with the movement of bodies.

2. Comparison of phenomena and processes

Earth	Space
1. Mass measurement
	Cannot be used
	Cannot be used
	Cannot be used
2. Can the rope be pulled horizontally?
The rope always sags due to gravity.	Rope is always free
3. Pascal's law. The pressure exerted on a liquid or gas is transmitted to any point without change in all directions.
On Earth, all drops are slightly flattened due to the gravitational force.	It is performed well for short periods of time, or in a moving state.
4. Balloon
flies up	Won't fly
5. Sound phenomena
	In outer space, the sounds of music will not be heard. Sound propagation requires a medium (solid, liquid, gaseous).
	The flame of the candle will be round. no convection currents
7. Watch use
	Yes, they work if the speed and direction of the space station are known. Work on other planets too
	Cannot be used
B. Pendulum mechanical clock	Cannot be used. You can use a watch with a factory, with a battery
D. Electronic clock	Can be used
8. Is it possible to fill a bump
	Can
9. Thermometer works	works
Body slides downhill due to gravity	The item will remain in place. If pushed, it will be possible to ride indefinitely, even if the slide is over
10. Can the kettle be boiled?
	Because there are no convection currents, then only the bottom of the kettle and the water around it will heat up. Conclusion: you need to use a microwave
12. Smoke spread
	Smoke cannot spread because no convection currents, distribution will not occur due to diffusion
The pressure gauge works	Works
Spring extension. Yes, it stretches	No it doesn't stretch
Ballpoint pen writes	The pen does not write. Writes a pencil

Conclusion

I compared the flow of physical mechanical phenomena on Earth and in space. this work can be used to make quizzes and competitions, for physics lessons in the study of some phenomena.

In the course of working on the project, I became convinced that in weightlessness, many phenomena occur differently than on Earth. There are three reasons for this. First: the effect of gravity is not manifested. We can say that it is compensated by the action of the force of inertia. Secondly, the Archimedean force does not act in weightlessness, although the Archimedes law is also fulfilled there. And thirdly, surface tension forces begin to play a very important role in weightlessness.

But even in weightlessness, the unified physical laws of nature work, which are true both for the Earth and for the entire Universe. This was the main conclusion of our work and the table that I ended up with.

We know a lot about the cosmos, but since everything in the universe is relative, we can say with confidence that we know practically nothing about the cosmos. And it doesn't have to be bad, because each new discovery still continues to delight us and captures us at least until the next major discovery.

Today we will talk about the ten most interesting cosmic phenomena discovered recently.

Artificial "space shield" of the Earth

Researchers at the NASA aerospace agency recently discovered that the global use of radio transmission has the surprising and practical effect of creating an ultra-low frequency "bubble" around the Earth that protects us from certain types of cosmic radiation.

Our planet has the so-called natural, natural Van Alen belts, areas where high-energy charged particles of solar radiation that have penetrated into the magnetosphere are accumulated and retained. However, scientists noted that the electromagnetic force accumulated on Earth formed a kind of low-frequency barrier that reflects some of the high-energy cosmic particles that daily try to bombard the Earth.

The basis for this barrier is the remnants of space electromagnetic debris left over from the time of nuclear testing during the atomic age. In addition, the Earth (or rather we) have also been actively radiating radio waves into space for the last more than 100 years. Well, our numerous power systems, scattered around the world and emitting radio waves of a certain range, complete the picture.

Galaxy with a double galactic ring

The galaxy PGC 1000714 is possibly the most unique galaxy ever discovered. It belongs to the so-called Hogovsky type and has a ring around it, like the planet Saturn, only, of course, on a galactic scale.

Of all the galaxies known to us, only 0.1 percent have rings. What makes PGC 1000714 unique is that it is the only one of its kind that has not one, but two galactic rings at once.

The rings surround the core of the galaxy, which researchers estimate is 5.5 billion years old. It is replete with aging stars whose light goes into the red range of the spectrum. There is a much younger outer ring around the main ring, 0.13 billion years old. It is filled with hotter young blue stars.

When scientists observed the galaxy in different ranges of the spectrum, they discovered a completely unexpected imprint of the second, inner ring, located closer to the galactic core, comparable in age to it and completely unrelated to the outer ring. Given the fact that the vast majority of galaxies belong to the classes of elliptical and spiral galaxies, PGC 1000714 can retain its uniqueness for a long time.

planet hotter than stars

The hottest exoplanet ever discovered is hotter than most known stars. Kelt-9b's temperature is 3777 degrees Celsius, and that's just on her dark side! On the side facing its star, the temperature rises to about 4327 degrees Celsius. It is almost as hot as the surface of the Sun!

Exoplanet Kelt-9b orbits the type-A star Kelt-9, located about 650 light-years away in the constellation Cygnus. Type-A stars are regarded by scientists as one of the hottest, yet Kelt-9 is only about 300 million years old. Over time, the star will expand and eventually actually come into contact with the planet Kelt-9b.

By that time, the planet will most likely be no more than bare hard core, because the star's radiation burns out about 10 million tons of the planet's matter every second, which causes Kelt-9b to throw out a giant tail, like a comet.

Silent supernova

It is not necessary to have a space-distorting supernova or a collision of two incredibly dense objects like neutron stars to get a black hole, because it turns out that stars themselves can turn into black holes.

Scientists have long suspected that this is possible. At least our computer models we were told this clearly. But in practice, this phenomenon, apparently, was observed for the first time. Using the Large Binocular Telescope, scientists have been able to identify thousands of potentially "failed supernovae". And among all, a really very interesting one was discovered.

The star, named N6946-BH1, had enough mass (about 25 times that of the Sun) to exhibit such a phenomenon. The images above show how scientists think this should happen: first, the star's brightness increases slightly (compared to other supernovae), and then turns into complete darkness.

The largest magnetic field in the universe

Many celestial bodies produce their own magnetic fields, but the largest ever discovered belongs to gravitationally bound clusters of galaxies.

For some discovered clusters, it can stretch for about 10 million light-years. Considering the size of our Milky Way, which is a measly 100,000 light-years, the numbers are impressive.

Clusters contain a colossal volume of charged particles, gas clouds, stars, and dark matter. And their chaotic interaction with each other can create such giant magnetic fields. When galaxies get too close and end up colliding with each other, the friction-heated gas they contain is highly compressed, creating and firing what are known as arcuate 'relics', which can be up to 6 million light-years across, potentially larger than the size of the clusters. who gave birth to them.

fleeting galaxies

The early universe is full of mysteries. And one of these mysteries is, for example, strange galaxies, which, by all laws, should not have existed long enough to gain a sufficient level of observability.

These galaxies were already made up of hundreds of billions of stars (an impressive number by today's cosmological standards) when the universe was only 1.5 billion years old or so. Looking "into the past" even further, astronomers have discovered a new type of hyperactive galaxies that have grown the fastest in the early galactic giants.

When the universe was not even 1 billion years old, these proto-galaxies already contained a huge number of stars, giving birth to them 100 times faster than our Milky Way. The researchers also found that even in the early and rather empty universe, there were galaxies that merged to create the very first clusters.

Mysterious emission of X-ray waves

The space X-ray observatory "Chandra" saw something very strange when they were conducting a study of light early universe. The telescope has witnessed a powerful burst of X-rays, whose source is located approximately 10.7 billion light-years away. Suddenly, for a moment, its brightness became 1000 times brighter, and then completely disappeared for about a day.

Astronomers have detected similar strange X-ray bursts before, but this case was especially remarkable because the power of this X-ray emission turned out to be 100,000 times greater than similar bursts in the past.

Perhaps we are talking about a giant supernova, a collision of neutron stars, or excessive activity of white dwarfs. However, the data obtained do not indicate any of these phenomena. The galaxy from which this ejection originated is much smaller and much further away than in the case of similar phenomena noted in the past, so scientists hope that this is a “completely new type of cosmic cataclysmic event” and are very eager to understand it. .

The most unusual orbit

We can easily imagine how a black hole is able to absorb any “gay” space body that recklessly approached it, but there is an object that, by some miraculous circumstance, is able to approach an insanely close distance to a black hole, and, as they say, it nothing happens for it.

The discovered white dwarf X9 is the closest object orbiting a black hole. Just think about it: X9 is at a distance of no more than three times the distance from the Earth to the Moon from the black hole. Based on this, the orbital period white dwarf is only 28 minutes! Every 28 minutes, it makes a complete revolution around a giant gap in the space and time of the universe. Even when ordering pizza, you have to wait an hour at best.

The two "bosom buddies" are located about 15,000 light-years away in the globular star cluster 47 Tucanae, which is part of the Tucana star cluster. Astronomers say that earlier X9 was most likely a large red star, but later fell into the field of influence of a black hole, which sucked all the juice out of it, depriving all of its outer layers. The peculiarity of the processes taking place at that moment could turn the stellar object into a giant diamond-like body.

Dead space

Cepheids are a class of very young stars ranging in age from only 10 to 300 million years. They are pulsating stars, which is why their changing brightness makes them the perfect galactic beacons of sorts.

Researchers find them scattered throughout Milky Way. However, one thing remained unknown to scientists: what is the situation with Cepheids in the galactic core, which does not allow looking into it because of the superdense accumulation of interstellar dust? Nevertheless, there was still a way to look inside.

The study of the nucleus was carried out in the near infrared range of the spectrum, and this analysis showed very interesting results. It turns out that this region is a "space desert" and is completely devoid of the presence of any young stars.

A few Cepheids still managed to be found in the very center of the galaxy. However, beyond this region, 8,000 light-years in all directions, space is dead space.

Third wheel? Third spare!

The hot Jupiter class planets are strange in every way. They are about the size of our gas giant Jupiter, but their orbits are so close to their stars that in some cases they are even closer than Mercury is from the Sun.

Scientists have been studying these unusual giants for the past 20 years and have discovered about 300 of them so far. However, all these hot Jupiters tend to be alone. But in 2015, researchers at the University of Michigan confirmed what previously seemed impossible - a hot Jupiter pair!

Moreover, not one, but two at once acts as a companion for him. celestial bodies! The family is called WASP-47 and consists of the hottest Jupiter itself and two very different and much more compact bodies. One is a Neptune-like object, and the other is an even more compact and denser rocky super-Earth.