Presentation of oceans and seas off the coast of Eurasia. Open lesson in geography on the topic "Oceans and seas off the coast of Eurasia" (Grade 7). Seas of the mainland of Eurasia

In the west and southwest, Eurasia is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and its seas. The northeastern part of the ocean directly adjacent to Eurasia to the east of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is occupied by the West European Basin, the maximum depth of which is more than 6000 m. width. Within its limits lie the northeastern part of the Bay of Biscay, the semi-enclosed North and Irish Seas, the inland Baltic Sea and the straits connecting them with each other and with the oceans. The British Isles are on the mainland. To the south, it narrows and the ocean depths rise almost to the most southwestern and southern coasts of Europe. The narrow (only 14 km) Strait of Gibraltar connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Mediterranean Sea, which consists of several deep basins separated by bottom elevations, peninsulas and islands.

The underwater threshold between Greenland and the southwestern coast of Scandinavia with depths of no more than 600 m separates the Atlantic Ocean from the Arctic Ocean. At the intersection of this threshold with the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, to the south of the Arctic Circle, lies the island of Iceland, to the southeast of it, on the rises of the bottom, are the islands of the Faroe and Shetland. Between the seas of the Arctic Ocean - deep Norwegian and shallow Barents - lies the Scandinavian Peninsula - the largest in Europe. It should be noted that the border between the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans is drawn in different ways. O. K. Leontiev in the book “Physical Geography of the World Ocean” (1982) refers the Norwegian and Greenland Seas to the Atlantic, in a monograph with the same title edited by K. K. Markov (1980) there is a map on which the boundary between the two oceans is exactly unspecified.

Within a wide strip of the continental shelf of the Arctic Ocean, on the Eurasian side, there are marginal seas washing the shores Soviet Union. To the north of the continental shoal, the ocean floor breaks up into a series of deep basins separated by underwater ridges, on which lie groups of continental islands - Svalbard, Franz Josef Land, etc. Some islands lie north of 80 ° N. sh. The Arctic Ocean is separated from the Pacific Ocean by an uplift of the bottom, above which is the Bering Strait with a depth of about 50 m.

One of the most important factors in the formation natural conditions The western part of Eurasia is a system of warm currents in the northern part of the Atlantic and southwestern parts of the Arctic Oceans. The beginning of these currents gives the Gulf Stream, emerging from the Gulf of Mexico. At 40° N. sh. and 50° W. in the open ocean, the Gulf Stream ends, forming the so-called delta, that is, several branches. Two branches deviate to the south and southeast, and the most powerful is directed to the northeast under the name of the North Atlantic Current, or Gulf Stream Drift, reaching the shores of Europe. At 50° N. sh. and 20° W. e. The North Atlantic Current, in turn, is divided into three branches. The southern one penetrates the Bay of Biscay, the northern one goes to the southern and western shores of Iceland (the Irminger Current), and the main, middle branch moves further northeast to the British Isles and the Scandinavian Peninsula, where it is called the Norwegian Current. The width of its flow north of the British Isles reaches 185 km, depth - 500 m, speed - 9-12 km per day. The water temperature on the surface in winter is from +7 to +8°C, in summer from +11 to +13°C, which is on average 10°C higher than at the same latitude in the western part of the ocean.

At the Arctic Circle, the Norwegian Current divides into the Svalbard and North Cape branches. The first, due to the high density of relatively more saline waters, goes to a depth off the coast of Svalbard, the second follows along the continental slope and penetrates into the Barents Sea. The water temperature in winter on the surface near the northwestern coast of Scandinavia reaches from +5 to +12 ° C due to the current.

The air that forms over the warm surface of the ocean is characterized by relatively high winter temperatures and high humidity. The winter temperature anomaly near the northern coasts of Scandinavia exceeds 20 ° C, there are no floating ice in the coastal waters of Northern Europe up to the southwestern part of the Barents Sea, and water does not freeze at all northern ports. A significant amount of floating ice during its greatest distribution occurs only north of Iceland, in the northeastern part of the Norwegian Sea and around Svalbard, where they impede navigation.

The regime of the rest of the Arctic Ocean, i.e., that which is called the Arctic Basin, is determined by its subpolar position and the fact that it is fenced off from the inflow of deep waters of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans by thresholds. Therefore, at depths of more than 600 m of water, it has low temperature, from 0 to -1 ° C. Warm currents penetrating from the Atlantic die out in the Barents Sea. Most of the ocean in summer and winter is covered with drifting ice. Cold air is formed over its surface throughout the year, which differs little in its properties from the continental Arctic air masses.

The eastern shores of Eurasia are washed by Pacific Ocean, which accounts for half the area of the entire oceans.

The Eurasian coast of the Pacific Ocean is distinguished by exceptional dissection and an abundance of islands. Grouping into sub-meridianally elongated garlands, islands and peninsulas separate from the ocean a system of interconnected (marginal seas: the Kamchatka Peninsula and the Kuril Islands separate the Sea of Okhotsk, " Japanese islands and the peninsula (Korea - Japanese. Between the mainland, Korea and the Ryukyu islands on the mainland are located. Yellow and East

China Seas: Indochina, the Philippines, and the Sunda Islands border the South China Sea. The marginal part of the Pacific Ocean has a complex structure with continental crust and transitional crust, the central part consists of ocean-type depressions with depths of more than 5000 m. The boundary between them is determined by the so-called andesitic line separating the zone of andesitic lava outpouring from the areas of basalt distribution. The West Pacific belt is characterized by a complex bottom relief: wide strips of the continental shelf are combined with depressions and a system of deep-sea trenches stretched along island arcs and submarine ridges. The deepest sections of the bottom of the World Ocean are connected with the trenches: the depth of the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench is 9717 m, the Mariana Trench, the deepest on Earth, is 11022 m, the Philippine Trench is 10,265 m. The height of the mountains of the islands reaches 2-3 thousand m and more. The depth of the basins lying between the island arcs is 4-6 thousand m (the Sea of Japan is 3720 m, the South China Sea is 5560 m, the Philippine basin is 6363 m).

The complex system of currents in the western part of the Pacific Ocean has a significant impact on the formation of the climate of the eastern margin of Eurasia. In the trade wind zones of both hemispheres, trade wind (equatorial) currents move from east to west. Between them, the Equatorial countercurrent moves from west to east. The North Trade Wind (Equatorial) current branches off the Philippine Islands. One branch heads towards the shores of the Sunda Islands; the second turns south and southeast, entering the Equatorial Countercurrent; the third, most powerful branch turns to the northwest to the island of Taiwan, then to the northeast, forming a warm Kuroshio current moving at a speed of 3 km / h. Near the island of Kyushu, the Kuroshio forks, and one of the branches called the Tsushima Current enters the Sea of Japan, the other goes out into the ocean and follows the southeastern coast of Japan, until at 40 ° N. sh. it is not pushed to the east by the cold Kuril countercurrent, or Oyashio. The extension of Kuroshio to the northeast is called the Kuroshio Drift, and then the North Pacific Current, which heads towards the shores North America at a speed of 1-2 km/h. Kuroshio is most pronounced in summer, when it is supported by monsoon winds. Off the southern coast of Japan Kuroshio often! changes direction, forming the so-called meanders.

The Kuroshio and the North Pacific Currents are analogous to the Gulf Stream and the North Atlantic Current, but are inferior to them in terms of power and water temperature.

The cold Kuril current (Oyashio) originates in the Bering Sea and heads south under the name of the Kamchatka, and then the Kuril. In winter, it is intensified by cold waters coming from the Sea of Okhotsk. At the southeastern tip of the island of Honshu, the Kuril Current plunges to a depth. This current significantly affects the climate of the northeast of Eurasia up to the north of Japan, causing a decrease in summer temperatures. From year to year, its power varies greatly depending on the severity of winters in the Bering and Okhotsk Seas. The region of the Kuril Islands and the islands of Hokkaido is one of the few in the northern part of the Pacific Ocean where ice occurs in winter. In general, the Pacific Ocean is characterized by higher temperatures than other oceans at the same latitudes. This is due to its expansion within the tropical belt and limited water exchange with the Arctic Ocean due to the threshold in the Bering Strait. The highest water temperature is observed in the area of the Kuroshio Current (+ 27, +28 0 С), and in most of the water area of the entire northern part of the Pacific Ocean, the average annual temperature is above + 20 ° С.

Three largest peninsulas cut into the Indian Ocean - Arabia, Hindustan and Indochina, between which there are seas and bays washing the southern shores of Eurasia.

Most are deep basins or fault zones with great depths. The strip of the continental shelf in the Indian Ocean does not exceed 100 km; the continental slope is a steep ledge, in some places dissected by underwater valleys of large rivers. The Arabian Marginal Sea reaches the largest area. Through the Gulf of Oman, it is connected in the northwest with the inland sea of the Persian Gulf, and in the southwest - through the Gulf of Aden - with the Mediterranean Red Sea. In the northeast is the Bay of Bengal, which is actually a marginal sea. The Andaman Sea is separated from it by the Andaman Islands.

The most important feature of the structure of the bottom indian ocean are mid-ocean ridges, some of which have a submeridional strike and come close to the shores of the peninsulas of Eurasia. Between the ridges are deep basins of the ocean floor.

The part of the Indian Ocean adjacent to Eurasia has a peculiar thermal regime, determined by its position at low latitudes and the influence of the huge continent that closes it from the north. To the north of the equator, the water temperature on the surface of the ocean is +27, +29 ° С; its northern seas are the warmest parts of the World Ocean. Surface currents in the Indian Ocean depend on monsoon winds and are seasonal. In winter, western currents predominate in the northern part, and eastern currents in summer.

The Indian and especially the Pacific Oceans are the scene of the origin and development of tropical cycles, also called hurricanes, and in East Asia - typhoons. These are giant tornadoes that rotate counterclockwise and move at great speed in the direction from east to west. In the Pacific Ocean, hurricanes, originating in the vast expanse of ocean between the Wake Islands at 20 ° N. sh. and New Guinea, move west, then turn north and northeast along the coasts of the mainland or move through the northern Indian Ocean. Wind speed during a hurricane reaches approximately 250 km/h, and in some cases up to 400 km/h. They are accompanied by showers, flooding of low-lying coasts, tsunamis and other catastrophic phenomena. Particularly powerful hurricanes originate in the Pacific Ocean, because for their formation and growth they need a vast expanse of water, heated from the surface to at least + 26 ° C, and atmospheric energy, which would inform the formed cyclone forward movement. All these conditions exist in the indicated area of the Pacific Ocean.

Hurricanes develop almost annually in June - December. The Philippine and Japanese islands suffer the most from them, but it happens that their catastrophic consequences also affect the mainland - in the southeast of China, in Bengal and other areas.

Lesson topic: Oceans and seas off the coast of Eurasia. Lesson type: combined.

T.E.C.: 1. To create conditions for the formation of knowledge by students about the oceans washing Eurasia. To acquaint students with the main features of the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian and Arctic oceans. Help students understand the influence of the oceans on the nature of Eurasia. Show students the importance of the oceans and their economic use by people. To bring students to an understanding of the fragility of the nature of the oceans, the need for careful attitude to them.

2. Continue to develop skills in working with textual and cartographic sources of information, logical thinking skills based on identifying cause-and-effect relationships, analyzing existing knowledge.

3. To cultivate mutual respect, organization, accuracy, the ability to listen to the opinion of another person, love and respect for nature. Cultivate conscious motives for teaching.

Equipment: textbooks, atlases, physical map of the world.

Used Books: A.S. Beisenova, S.A. Abilmazhinova, K.D. Kaimuldinov "Geography. Continents and oceans”, V.A. Korinskaya, V.A. Shchenev, I.V. Dushin "Geography of continents and oceans", K.S. Lazarevich “I am going to a geography lesson”, N.V. Alisov, I.M. Kuzina, N.A. Marchenko "Preparing for the exam in geography".

During the classes

Lesson stage

- And what problems do we face when we talk about the washing waters of Eurasia? - Carefully study the figure. 39, p. 66. What can you tell from this drawing? ( very high oil pollution in the waters of the Indian Ocean and the Pacific, the middle Atlantic Ocean The Mediterranean Sea is the most polluted sea in the world. Let's consolidate what you learned in this lesson. - What oceans wash Eurasia? - What are the features of the location of the oceans in relation to Eurasia? - What are the features of the nature of the oceans? - What influence does the Atlantic Ocean have on the nature of Eurasia? - What influence does the Arctic Ocean have on the nature of Eurasia? - What influence does the Pacific Ocean have on the nature of Eurasia? - What influence does the Indian Ocean have on the nature of Eurasia? - What are the natural resources of the Atlantic Ocean? the Arctic Ocean? Quiet? Indian Ocean? How are the oceans used? economic activity of people? - What are the problems of coastal waters?

Subject:"Oceans and seas off the coast of Eurasia "

The purpose of the lesson:

1) To form knowledge about the influence of the oceans on climate, vegetation, animal world and economy of Eurasia;

2) Develop the ability to work with the map;

3) Cultivate a caring attitude towards environment.

Teaching method: verbal

Form of organization: collective

Lesson type: combined

Type of lesson: problem learning

Equipment: physical map Eurasia, VVS-8 disc, "Blue Planet", 4 series, 1,2,3,4 episodes (before the northern lights), presentation for the lesson.

During the classes

I.Organizing time.

Greetings. Identification of absentees.

II. Checking homework.

1. natural features Eurasia(parts of the world Europe and Asia; ¾ of the world's population - 4 billion people; area with islands 53.3 million km² - 1/3 of the land; Chomolungma; Dead Sea at an altitude of -403 m; the largest Arabian peninsula - 3 million km² ; cold pole Oymyakon (- 71 ° C); in the Thar Desert in India + 53 ° C; Cherrapunji 12000 mm of precipitation; in Arabia less than 15 mm of precipitation; the largest lake is the Caspian 390 thousand km², the deepest is Baikal 1620 m; all climatic zones; all oceans are washed)

2. Geographic location(border between parts of the world; extreme points - Chelyuskin, Piai (between them 8 thousand km), Cape Roca and Dezhnev (16 thousand km); some areas in the western hemisphere; plan for characterizing the mainland on page 239)

3. History of settlement and exploration of the mainland(studies of the ancient Greeks, Phoenicians, Babylonians, Egyptians, Minoans; in the 1st century AD, the Indians discovered the islands of Sumatra and Java, settled Indonesia, later the Malays - Madagascar; Greeks - the Danube, Caspian, Don, Black Sea)

4. Famous travelers who explored Eurasia (N. M. Przhevalsky 15 years in Central Asia, traveled 33 thousand km, 4 expeditions - Tibet, Gobi, upper reaches of the Yellow River and Yangtze, Lake Lop Nor; described a wild horse, a wild camel; collected a collection of minerals, plants; buried in Issyk-Kul; P. P. Semenov- two expeditions to Tien Shan, discovered Khan-Tengri peak; described altitudinal belts, established that the snow line is higher than in the Alps, proved that Chu does not originate from Issyk-Kul; a ridge, a peak and a glacier are named after him; Sh. Ualikhanov in 1856 - 1859 explored Semirechye, Issyk-Kul, Kashgaria; Vasca da Gama in 1498 he found his way to India around Africa; S. Dezhnev in 1648 he passed from the Arctic Ocean through the Bering Strait to the Pacific Ocean; V. Bering and A. I. Chirikov in the 18th century, the northeastern part of America and the Aleutian Islands were discovered; R. Piri in 1909 reached North Pole; Marco Polo in 1271 - 1295 to China, India and Indochina; N. A. Vavilov in 1924 - 1927 he researched the centers of origin of cultivated plants - pp. 12-13)

III.Comprehensive knowledge test.

1. The extreme eastern point of the Eurasian continent is Cape (Chelyuskin)

2. The shell of life is (the biosphere)

3. A conditional line on the plan connecting points with the same absolute height is (horizontal)

4. What are the main gases that air consists of? (78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% other gases)

5. The Himalayan mountains are located on the boundaries of the lithospheric plates (Eurasian and Indo-Australian)

6. Drawing of a small area of the earth's surface, made on a certain scale (plan)

7. The speed of movement of lithospheric plates per year from (1 - 5cm)

8. Average annual rainfall in the desert zone (30 - 200mm)

IV. Preparing to explain a new topic. Write the topic of the lesson on the board and explain the objectives of the lesson.

Problem question: What oceans surround Eurasia? What impact does each of them have on the mainland?

V.Work in groups.(4 people each) with texts, tables, textbook, ICT . (10 minutes)

Study the material of the document, choose the main thing about the cycle of matter, write an essay (10 - 15 sentences)

The result of the work in the group should be the presentation of their topic.

Task 1 group

Atlantic Ocean(North Atlantic Current, westerly winds, mild, wet winters; Dogger Bank the shallowest place in the Atlantic (13 m); from Iceland begins the longest Central Atlantic Ridge - many volcanoes, geysers in Iceland, Hekla volcano; Strait of Gibraltar 12 km wide; at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea, the boundary of the collision of lithospheric plates, volcanism, water salinity 37‰; shallows of the Mediterranean and North seas rich in oil and gas; 39% of fish are caught in the Atlantic, in the Bay of Biscay since the 9th century whaling; sea routes; pollution, especially the Mediterranean)

Task 2 group.

Arctic Ocean(the smallest, coldest and shallowest; the largest is the Norwegian Sea, the smallest is the White; many basins and underwater ridges are the Lomonosov Ridge; in the north of the Greenland Sea, the deepest place (5527 m); navigation 2 - 4 months in the eastern part of the ocean; Transarctic current; perennial pack ice and hummocks; arctic cold dry air masses; in winter the temperature in the east is -40°С, in summer 0°С; average annual rainfall 100-200 mm; seals, walruses, polar bears, birds; residents are engaged in fishing, gathering down, hunting; The Northern Sea Route of international importance connects the ports of Europe and Far East; nuclear icebreakers; contributed to the study - Bering, Barents, Nansen, Sedov, Schmidt, Papanin; in St. Petersburg Center for the Study of the Polar Zones, museum)

Task 3 group

Pacific Ocean(many island arcs, trenches, basins; the largest - 180 million km²; all climatic zones; monsoons; North trade wind current, Kuroshio, North Pacific current bring heat and moisture; cold Kuril Current; typhoon at the end of summer, beginning of autumn; surface water temperature from -1°С to +29°С; salinity is lower than in other oceans because there is a lot of precipitation)

Task 4 group.

Indian Ocean(many volcanic islands; the Red Sea is at the boundary of the collision of lithospheric plates, its salinity is 41 ‰ - the most saline in the World Ocean; in the coastal part of the water they change their direction - in summer from west to east, in winter - from east to west - due to monsoons; the most warm ocean, the highest temperature in the Persian Gulf (+34°C), in the south -1.5°C; high salinity; coral reefs; pearl collecting; in the Persian Gulf - oil and gas; in the shallows of the Indian Ocean - tin, phosphorites , gold; shipping)

VI. Sharing information in groups(for 3 minutes)

VII. Presentation of completed works.

Summing up, self-assessment and assessment of the teacher, with comments

VIII.Working with contour maps.

Subscribe to contour maps the name of the oceans and rivers of each basin.

IX. Homework.§ 15, c.c.

Lesson #2

Subject: "Oceans and seas off the coast of Eurasia »

The purpose of the lesson:

1) To form knowledge about the influence of the oceans on the climate, vegetation, fauna and economy of Eurasia;

2) Develop the ability to work with the map;

3) To cultivate respect for the environment.

Teaching method : verbal

Form of organization: collective

Lesson type : combined

Type of lesson: problem learning

Equipment: Physical map of Eurasia, VVS-8 disk, "Blue Planet", 4 series, 1,2,3,4 episodes (before the northern lights), presentation for the lesson.

During the classes

I .Organizing time .

Greetings. Identification of absentees.

II . Checking homework.

1. Natural features of Eurasia(parts of the world Europe and Asia; ¾ of the world's population - 4 billion people; area with islands 53.3 million km² - 1/3 of the land; Chomolungma; Dead Sea at an altitude of -403 m; the largest Arabian Peninsula - 3 million km² ; cold pole Oymyakon (- 71 ° C); in the Thar Desert in India + 53 ° C; Cherrapunji 12000 mm of precipitation; in Arabia less than 15 mm of precipitation; the largest lake is the Caspian 390 thousand km², the deepest is Baikal 1620 m; all climatic zones; all oceans are washed)

4. Famous travelers who explored Eurasia (N. M. Przhevalsky 15 years in Central Asia, traveled 33 thousand km, 4 expeditions - Tibet, Gobi, upper reaches of the Yellow River and Yangtze, Lake Lop Nor; described a wild horse, a wild camel; collected a collection of minerals, plants; buried in Issyk-Kul; P. P. Semenov - two expeditions to the Tien Shan, discovered Khan-Tengri peak; described altitudinal belts, established that the snow line is higher than in the Alps, proved that Chu does not originate from Issyk-Kul; a ridge, a peak and a glacier are named after him; Sh. Ualikhanov in 1856 - 1859 explored Semirechye, Issyk-Kul, Kashgaria; Vasca da Gama in 1498 he found his way to India around Africa; S. Dezhnev in 1648 he passed from the Arctic Ocean through the Bering Strait to the Pacific Ocean; V. Bering and A. I. Chirikov in the 18th century, the northeastern part of America and the Aleutian Islands were discovered; R. Piri in 1909 he reached the North Pole; Marco Polo in 1271 - 1295 to China, India and Indochina; N. A. Vavilov in 1924 - 1927 he studied the centers of origin of cultivated plants - pp. 12-13)

III .Comprehensive knowledge test.

1. The extreme eastern point of the Eurasian continent is Cape (Chelyuskin)

2. The shell of life is (the biosphere)

3. A conditional line on the plan connecting points with the same absolute height is (horizontal)

4. What are the main gases that air consists of? (78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% other gases)

5. The Himalayan mountains are located on the boundaries of the lithospheric plates (Eurasian and Indo-Australian)

6. Drawing of a small area of the earth's surface, made on a certain scale (plan)

7. The speed of movement of lithospheric plates per year from (1 - 5cm)

8. Average annual rainfall in the desert zone (30 - 200mm)

IV . Preparing to explain a new topic . Write the topic of the lesson on the board and explain the objectives of the lesson.

Problem question: What oceans surround Eurasia? What impact does each of them have on the mainland?

V .Work in groups. (4 people each) with texts, tables, textbook, ICT. (10 minutes)

Study the material of the document, choose the main thing about the circulation of matter, write an essay (10 - 15 sentences)

The result of the work in the group should be the presentation of their topic.

Task 1 group

Atlantic Ocean(North Atlantic Current, westerly winds, mild, wet winters; Dogger Bank the shallowest place in the Atlantic (13 m); from Iceland the longest starts Central Atlantic Ridge- many volcanoes, geysers in Iceland, Hekla volcano; strait of Gibraltar 12 km wide; at the bottom mediterranean sea collision boundary of lithospheric plates, volcanism, water salinity 37‰; shallows of the Mediterranean and North seas rich in oil and gas; 39% of fish are caught in the Atlantic, in the Bay of Biscay since the 9th century whaling; sea routes; pollution, especially the Mediterranean)

Task 2 group.

Arctic Ocean(the smallest, coldest and shallowest; the largest - norwegian sea, smallest - White; many basins and underwater ridges - the ridge Lomonosov; in the north Greenland Sea the deepest place (5527 m); navigation 2 - 4 months in the eastern part of the ocean; Transarctic Current; perennial pack ice and hummocks ; arctic cold dry air masses; in winter the temperature in the east is -40°С, in summer 0°С; average annual rainfall 100-200 mm; seals, walruses, polar bears, birds; residents are engaged in fishing, gathering down, hunting; the Northern Sea Route of international importance, connects the ports of Europe and the Far East; nuclear icebreakers; contributed to the study - Bering, Barents, Nansen, Sedov, Schmidt, Papanin; in St. Petersburg Center for the Study of the Polar Zones, museum)

Task 3 group

Pacific Ocean(many island arcs, trenches, basins; the largest is 180 million km²; all climatic zones; monsoons; North trade wind current, Kuroshio, North Pacific current bring heat and moisture; cold Kuril flow; typhoon at the end of summer, beginning of autumn; surface water temperature from -1°С to +29°С; salinity is lower than in other oceans because there is a lot of precipitation)

Task 4 group.

Indian Ocean(many volcanic islands; Red the sea at the boundary of the collision of lithospheric plates, its salinity is 41 ‰ - the most saline in the oceans; in the coastal part of the water change their direction - in summer from west to east, in winter - from east to west - due to monsoons; the warmest ocean, the highest temperature in the Persian Gulf (+34°С), in the south -1.5°С; salinity is high; Coral reefs; collection of pearls; in the Persian Gulf, oil and gas; on the shallows of the Indian Ocean - tin, phosphorites, gold; shipping)

VI . Sharing information in groups (for 3 minutes)

VII . Presentation of completed works.

Summing up, self-assessment and assessment of the teacher, with comments

VIII .Working with contour maps.

Label the outline maps with the name of the oceans and rivers of each basin.

I X. Homework. § 15, c.c.

H. Reflection.

Eurasia - the only continent on Earth, washed by four oceans. The mainland is located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere. Part of the islands belonging to Eurasia is located in the South hemisphere, Most of continental Eurasia lies in the Eastern Hemisphere, the extreme ones are western and east - dots mainland are in the Western Hemisphere.

Physical and geographical position.Eurasia includes two parts of the world: Europe and Asia. The border line between Europe and Asia is drawn along the eastern slopes Ural mountains, the Zhaiyk River (Ural), the northwestern coast of the Caspian Sea, the Kumo-Manych depression, the eastern coast of the Black Sea, the southern coast of the Black Sea, the Bosporus Strait, the Sea of Marmara, the Dardanelles, the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas.

The extreme point in the north of Eurasia is Cape Chelyuskin (77 ° 43 "N), the extreme point in the south is Cape Piai (1 ° 1 b" N), the distance between them is more than 8000 km.

The territory of the mainland, stretching from west to east, is also vast. The distance between extreme point in the west - Cape Roca (9 ° 34 "W) and the extreme point in the east - Cape Dezhnev (169 ° 40" W) - about 16,000 km. Due to such features of the geographical position, all climatic zones and natural zones characteristic of the Northern Hemisphere are found on the mainland.

History of the study of the Eurasian continent.

The nature of Eurasia has been studied more fully than other continents. This is especially true for the most populated regions of Europe and Asia. In Eurasia, the most ancient civilizations of the Earth developed and developed over the course of millennia. Culture and science ancient india, China, Assyria and Babylon gave the beginnings of geographical knowledge for modern civilization. AT Ancient Greece, Rome, the countries of the Arab East, the main directions of the geographical study of the "Ecumene" were formed - inhabited earth. Travels of Europeans to India and China, penetration into Siberia and Central Asia, search for land and sea routes to southern countries gave the first information about the nature of the continent and about the life of the peoples inhabiting it in the Middle Ages. Numerous expeditions for scientific purposes in the 18th-20th centuries. expanded and deepened the existing initial general ideas.

The travels of Marco Polo, Afanasy Nikitin, Semyon Dezhnev are widely known. The hard-to-reach mountains and deserts of Central Asia, as well as the greatest highlands of Tibet, were explored by a number of expeditions of P.P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky, N.M. Przhevalsky, Sh. Ualikhanov and many others.

However, the territory of Eurasia has been studied unevenly. Until now, there are hard-to-reach areas of the mainland that are waiting for their explorers - the interior of Arabia and Tibet, the Hindu Kush and Karakoram mountains, the central regions of the Indochina peninsula and many islands of Indonesia.

It is interesting

1.The northernmost of all countries in the world is Reykjavik (Iceland).

2.The Malay Archipelago is the largest archipelago in the world. Includes Greater Sunda, Lesser Sunda, Moluccas, Philippine and a number of small islands.

3.In the Mozambique Channel between Africa and Madagascar there is the island of Europa.

Questions and tasks

1.What parts of the world are part of the continent? Through what objects does the border pass?

2. Determine the geographic location of the mainland by completing the tasks in table 11.

3.What is the uniqueness of the geographical position of Eurasia?

Work in a notebook

Determine, according to the data proposed in the table, the researchers of the mainland. During what period did the discoveries and explorations take place? Fill in the gaps in the table.