Minerals of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Region. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Deposits of the Yamalo Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Yamal-Nenets autonomous region- storeroom of Russia. The mineral resources of the district are large and varied. The hydrocarbon deposits are confined to the northern part of the West Siberian oil and gas province, which includes the Gydan, Nadym-Pur, Pur-Tazov and South Yamal oil and gas regions. In terms of oil reserves and production, the district ranks second in Russia.

The state balance takes into account 136 fields (62 oil, 6 oil and gas, 9 gas and oil, 59 oil and gas condensate), the explored recoverable reserves of which amount to 14.49% of all oil reserves in Russia. 37 deposits are being developed, the annual production was 8.5%. Of the 136 fields in the district, one is unique - Russkoye, with oil reserves - 16.15% of the district and 30 large ones, on which 67.25% of the reserves and 69.1% of the district's oil production are concentrated. The cumulative oil production in the district is 375.2 million tons. The predicted oil resources are also highly estimated both on land and especially on the shelf of the Kara Sea. Prepared for deep exploratory drilling of 277 promising structures.

The role of the district in the reserves and production of natural gas is great. There are well-known fields in terms of gas reserves - Urengoyskoye, Medvezhye, Leningradskoye and Rusanovskoye - on the shelf of the Kara Sea. The state balance takes into account 194 natural gas fields, incl. two on the shelf. Without taking into account the associated gas of oil fields, the share of reserves of the actual gas fields (132 fields) accounts for 75.3% of all free gas reserves in Russia; of these, only 27 fields are being developed, which account for 90% of Russia's total gas production. The Okrug produced 502.8 billion m3, or 0.3% of the gas extracted from the bowels.

Reserves of condensate-containing gas as of 01.01.98 refined at 94 fields and account for 29% of all free gas. The main reserves (78.8%) and production of free gas (93.7%) are located at 18 unique fields. 256 areas prepared for deep drilling are classified as promising for free gas.

In the regions adjacent to the Polar Urals and geologically poorly studied, there are numerous promising manifestations and deposits of manganese and chromium ores, ores of non-ferrous and rare metals (lead, zinc, copper, molybdenum, antimony, tantalum, niobium, etc.), primary and alluvial gold, barites, phosphorites, semi-precious raw materials.

More than 300 ore occurrences and deposits of chromites are known in the Polar Urals within three hypermafic massifs (Rai-Iz, Voykar-Syninsky, Syum-Keu), the total resources of which exceed 600 million tons, of which with high-chromium chromium spinel, suitable for use in the metallurgical industry , 350-400 million tons, incl. more than 6 million tons with a content of chromium trioxide C 42%.

Currently, the exploration of the Tsentralnoye chromite deposit is being completed on the Rayiz massif, and pilot open-pit mining of rich, not requiring enrichment, chromium ore for the metallurgical plants of the Urals is being carried out. The design of the Mining and Processing Plant with a capacity of 300-600 thousand tons of ore per year is being completed.

The Sauren deposit of lead ores has been explored, for which the state balance sheet records 2.9 million tons of ore with a lead content of 6.28%. The Harbey molybdenum deposit has been explored in detail with molybdenum reserves of 1773.97 tons with a content of the main component in the ore of 0.113%.

A group of adjacent deposits with total reserves and resources of 11.5 million tons with a barium sulfate content of 27.5 - 41.2% is available for development. It is planned to develop the Voishorskoye field for the production of barite weighting agent for the West Siberian oil and gas complex.

The region's water resources are rich and diverse. They include: the coast of the Kara Sea, numerous bays and bays, rivers, lakes, swamps and underground waters. The Gulf of Ob, a bay of the Kara Sea, is one of the largest sea bays in the Russian Arctic, its area is 44,000 km². There are about 300,000 lakes and 48,000 rivers on the territory of the Okrug, the largest of which are the Ob at its mouth, as well as the Nadym, Taz (river) and Pur rivers. The Ob River, one of the longest in Russia, flows within the district in two powerful branches. The presence of lakes, most of which are of glacial origin, is one of characteristic features landscape of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Groundwater is characterized by a huge artesian basin with an area of 3 million km², which includes reserves of thermal waters.

The region occupies one of the leading places in Russia in terms of hydrocarbon reserves, especially natural gas and oil. The following deposits are located in the district:

1. Urengoy gas field

2. Yuzhno-Russkoye oil and gas field

3. Nakhodka gas field

4. Yamburgskoye oil and gas condensate field

5. Ety-Purovskoye oil field

About 600 thousand heads of reindeer are pastured on 50 million hectares of tundra. Nature has sheltered here 70 percent of the world's stocks of whitefish (muksun, pink salmon, nelma).

General characteristics of deposits

The Yamburgskoye oil and gas condensate field (YANGKM) is a field of gas, gas condensate and oil. Opened in 1969. It is located in the Arctic part of the West Siberian Plain, on the Taz Peninsula in the subarctic zone. The landscape is a slightly hilly tundra plain with a dense network of rivers, streams, lakes, swamps. Thickness permafrost reaches 400 meters. The coldest month is January with an average temperature of minus 25 degrees Celsius. Often the temperature drops to 55 and below. A minus temperature of 63 degrees was registered (January 2006). Commercial gas content has been established in the Cenomanian and Neocomian deposits. The dimensions of the YANGKM are 170 by 50 kilometers. According to VNIIZarubezhgeology, the Yamburgskoye field ranks third in the world in terms of initial recoverable gas reserves.

According to the administrative-territorial division, the northern territory of the field is located in the Tazovsky, and the southern - in the Nadymsky district of the Yamalo-Nenets autonomous region. The development of the deposit started in 1980 (see Yamburg). The development license is held by OOO Gazprom dobycha Yamburg, a 100% subsidiary of OAO Gazprom.

The discovery of the Yamburgskoye and other deposits was prepared by geologists at the very "peak" of the Great Patriotic War. In 1943, their first groups pitched tents in the area of the Taz, Pur, and Messo rivers.

In 1959, oil and gas prospecting in the Tazovsky region resumed. In 1961, geologists landed at the site of the current village of Gaz-Sale and began drilling well No. 1. The team of foreman N. I. Ryndin led the tunneling. September 27, 1962 "hit" gas. A year later, the Tazov oil exploration expedition was formed with a base in Novaya Mangazeya. V. T. Podshibyakin was appointed head of the expedition, and G. P. Bystrov, chief geologist. On November 30, 1963, gas was obtained from the second well. Drilling was conducted by the team of master N. I. Ryndin. So the Tazovskoye field was discovered. On October 18, 1965, the expedition discovered the Zapolyarnoye oil and gas condensate field. 60-70 years were marked for the expedition by a whole series of major discoveries, in this series the largest are Urengoy and Yamburg.

In the 1965-1966 season, the Upper Cretaceous deposits of the Yamburgskaya area were prepared for exploratory drilling.

In 1968, a landing party of geophysicists landed on this site under the leadership of Leonid Kabaev, the future Lenin Prize laureate. Next came the miners of the bowels of the Taz oil exploration expedition. The reserves were supposed to be huge.

In his memoirs, geologist F. K. Salmanov tells how the Yamburgskoye field was found: “At the end of April 1969, it was decided to deliver the drilling rig from Tazovskaya to the Yamburgskaya area. The entire May was the delivery of equipment and materials. In July, the team of Anatoly Grebenkin completed the installation, and immediately the team of the drilling foreman V.V. Romanov began counting the first meters of the Yamburg well. On August 13, they reached the design depth and, during testing, the well gave a powerful gas fountain. Inspired by success, Romanov went to its contouring along the wings of the deposit to the east. And a few more wells hit the contour.”

In 1972, a team of drilling foreman V.V. Polupanov completed the drilling deep well on Yamburgskaya Square. The test was entrusted to a specially formed team, led by master Alexei Myltsev.

In the 19th century, the expedition of the scientist Yu. M. Kushelevsky arrived in these lands to establish the boundaries of the medieval settlement - Mangazeya "gold-boiling", which existed on the Taz River in the 17th century. The expedition arrived in the Far North of the empire on a schooner called "Taz". The leader of the campaign was from Yamburg. This was the name of the city of Kingisepp, located near St. Petersburg.

During the voyage, the scientist compiled a map of the Taz Peninsula. It is assumed that the name of Cape Yumbor, ("cloudberry tussocks") reminded him of the name hometown. So one of the triangular land areas penetrating the Taz Bay was named Yamburga. In Soviet times, the Yamburg trading post appeared on the cape.

At the site of the current Yamburg shift camp, the researcher left a blank spot. "Terra incognita" - unknown land. It is assumed that the Yamburgskaya area was named after the trading post, and later the Yamburgskoye field.

There is another toponymic version, according to which the territory on which the deposit is located was originally called Yampur - the Gray Swamp. Then it was renamed to Yamburg.

Over the period of operation of the Yamburgskoye oil and gas condensate field, Gazprom Dobycha Yamburg, a 100% subsidiary of OAO Gazprom, has produced more than 3 trillion cubic meters of gas and about 18 million tons of gas condensate. Gas preparation for transportation is carried out at 9 integrated gas treatment units (GTP) (1-7, 9 and 1V) and 5 gas pretreatment units (GPPG) (PPG GP-1 (former UPPG-8), 4A, 10, 2V , 3B).

The immediate prospect of the field is the development of its peripheral areas. Production at the Aneryakhinskaya area began in 2004; in January 2005, the Aneryakhinskaya area was brought to its design capacity (10 billion cubic meters per year).

At the beginning of December 2006, the first commercial gas was supplied to the main gas pipeline from the complex gas treatment unit (UKPG-9) of the Kharvutinskaya area of the YANGKM. In 2007, a preliminary gas treatment unit (UPPG-10) was put into operation, due to which by 2008 it is planned to achieve an annual production of 25 billion m³ of gas at the Kharvutinsky complex.

In the future, Yamburg's infrastructure will be used to prepare gas from nearby fields.

The total geological reserves are estimated at 8.2 trillion m³ of natural gas. Remaining in-place reserves amount to 5.2 trillion m³ of natural gas and 42.31% of the total in-place reserves of the Yamburgskoye field.

The Urengoy natural gas field is a large gas field, the world's second largest in-situ reserves, exceeding 10 trillion cubic meters (10¹³ m³). It is located in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug of the Tyumen Region of Russia, a little south of the Arctic Circle. The name is given by the name of the nearby locality- the village of Urengoy. Subsequently, the city of gas workers Novy Urengoy grew up near the field.

The deposit was discovered in June 1966; the seismic station V. Tsybenko became the pioneer of the Urengoy structure. The first exploratory well in Urengoy was drilled on July 6, 1966 by a team of foreman V. Polupanov. Production at the field began in 1978. On February 25, 1981, the first hundred billion cubic meters of natural gas was produced at the Urengoy field. Since January 1984, gas from the Urengoyskoye field has been exported to Western Europe.

The state of the operational well stock of the Urengoyskoye field is more than 1300 wells. The field is operated by OOO Gazprom dobycha Urengoy (formerly Urengoygazprom) and OOO Gazprom dobycha Yamburg, subsidiaries of Gazprom. Natural gas production in 2007 amounted to 223 billion cubic meters.

The total geological reserves are estimated at 16 trillion m³ of natural gas. Remaining in-place reserves amount to 10.5 trillion m³ of natural gas and 65.63% of the total in-place reserves of the Urengoy field.

The Yuzhno-Russkoye oil and gas field is located in the Krasnoselkupsky district of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, one of the largest in Russia. The reserves of the field are: gas in category ABC1 - 825.2 billion m³, in category C2 - 208.9 billion m³, oil - 5.7 million tons.

The license to develop the field is held by Severneftegazprom, a subsidiary of Gazprom. The field was officially put into operation on December 18, 2007 by Gazprom and BASF (it is expected that the German company E.ON will also enter the project), but in fact, production began at the end of October 2007. Construction of infrastructure at the field has been underway since March 2006. The Yuzhno-Russkoye field will be the main resource base for the North European gas pipeline.

The field production plan for 2008 is 10 billion m³ of gas, from 2009 - 25 billion m³ per year. Actual investments in field development in 2005-2008 amounted to 133 billion rubles.

The Nakhodkinskoye gas field is a natural gas field in the Bolshekhetskaya depression in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug of Russia. The reserves of the field are estimated at 275.3 billion m³ of gas. The design capacity of the field is around 10 billion m³ per year.

The field was discovered by the Tazovskaya oil and gas exploration expedition on January 30, 1974. Development of the Nakhodkinskoye field began in November 2003, development drilling - in February 2004. It was put into operation in April 2005.

The deposit is being developed by OOO LUKOIL-Western Siberia, owned by LUKOIL; The produced gas is sold to Gazprom.

Ety-Purovskoye oil field is an oil field in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug of Russia, near the city of Noyabrsk. The license to develop the field is owned by Gazprom Neft (Sibneft-Noyabrskneftegaz).

The deposit was discovered in 1982; its additional exploration and development began only in 2003. The reserves of the field in categories A, B, C1 are 20 million tons of high-quality light oil and another 20 million tons in category C2.

In early 2007, a flowing oil well was registered at the Ety-Purovskoye field with a daily flow rate of approximately 400 tons of oil, which is one of the record figures for Western Siberia.

More than 32 fields have been discovered in the peninsular part of Yamal and neighboring water areas. At the moment, more than 10 trillion cubic meters of gas reserves have been explored in this territory.

The key deposits in this region include the following:

Nakhodkinskoye field

On the territory of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, near the Tazovskaya Bay, in 1974, the oil and gas exploration expedition of the Tazovskaya team found the Nakhodka natural gas field, but only in 2003 did Lukoil OJSC launch the process of implementing its gas project to develop the minerals of the Bolshekhetskaya depression, and drilling work at the field began in 2004. The produced blue fuel is transported via a gas pipeline to the Yamburg compressor station, and then resold by PJSC Gazprom. The nominal capacity of the Nakhodka field is about 10 billion cubic meters every year.

Yuzhno-Russkoye field

The Yuzhno-Russkoye field is an oil and gas field located in the Krasnoselkupsky region on the Yamal Peninsula, discovered in 1969 with the help of the exploration expedition of the Urengoy team. The level of mineral reserves mined at the deposit makes it possible to classify the deposit as a large one. Operated by OAO Severneftegazprom since 2007. Currently, Severneftegaz-prom is developing the field with the aim of making its raw materials the basic product of Nord Stream, a pipeline between Russia and Germany.

Ety-Purovskoye field

The Ety-Purovskoye field is located in the YaNAO region, near the city of Noyabrsk. Currently, it has a high potential, since the deposits here are estimated at 20 million tons of oil, which is a very impressive value for the West Siberian oil and gas province. It was found in 1982, but due to the lack of sufficient technical equipment for such geological conditions, the development of the field began only in 2003. A feature of the Ety-Purovsky field is not only oil High Quality, but also a generous supply of associated condensate. Currently, the development process at the field is carried out by JSC Gazprom-Noyabrskneftegaz. There are 11 wells and a gas compressor station on the territory.

Zapolyarnoye field

The Zapolyarnoye field has the highest production rate in the gas industry among fields in the Russian Federation. It is located in the Tazovsky district of the Yamal Peninsula. Discovered in 1965, the Zapolyarnoye field began to be exploited at the end of 2001. From the beginning of drilling operations at the field and its active development in 1994 to the present day, Gazprom dobycha Yamburg has been conducting licensed geological surveys at Zapolyarnoye. The production uses high technologies that meet all modern canons, which allows minimizing the harm that production has on the local environment. The balance reserves of the field are estimated at 3.500 billion cubic meters, and the annual design capacity is about 130 billion cubic meters.

Bear field

The Medvezhye field is the first among the gas fields of the Far North, located in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The first exploration work was carried out here in 1967 by the Nadym expedition near the village. Labytnangi. Drilling work continued after 3 years in the area of the village. Nadym. And 2 years later, in 1972, blue fuel began to enter the circulation of the gas supply system. To date, the work is being carried out by Gazprom dobycha Nadym LLC. At the moment, due to the difficult economic situation in the country, the Medvezhye field is experiencing a downward trend in gas production. The field supplies gas mainly to Moscow, and the percentage of the total production of blue fuel is only 4% of the total in the country.

Urengoy field

The Urengoyskoye field is located on the Yamal Peninsula, rich in fossil fuels, near Russia's gas capital, Novy Urengoy. Belongs to the category of supergiant deposits. It was discovered by geological exploration in 1966, and entered into operation in 1978. From the bowels of the Urengoyskoye field, gas is produced and exported to European countries by the limited liability company Gazprom dobycha Urengoy. On the this moment The field has a balance reserve of 16,000 billion cubic meters of blue fuel. An impressive number of wells are in operation, namely 1,300.

Yamburgskoye field

The Yamburgskoye field is located in the cold Yamal, where one fifth of Russia's blue fuel reserves are concentrated, in the Tazovsky district. It was found in 69 of the last century, but due to the lack of sufficient technical equipment for such severe climatic conditions the development of the field began only in 1986. A feature of the Yamburg field is dry, high-quality methane gas. Currently, the development process at the field site is carried out by OOO Gazprom dobycha Yamburg. There are 10 GTPs and 4 GTPs on the territory. In the future, the company - a gas project for the extraction of raw materials from nearby areas.

Bovanenkovo field

The village of Bovanenkovo, which is located in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, in the 71st year of the twentieth century became the base for the discovery and development of the Bovanenkovskoye field. Relatively recently, in 2012, in view of the economic situation in the country, thanks to the limited liability company Gazprom dobycha Nadym, a gas project was launched to extract natural gas from the bowels of the Bovanenkovskoye field. In terms of mineral reserves, the Bovanenkovskoye deposit is classified as a giant one. Currently, a project is being implemented to study and develop the field, blue fuel has not yet been produced.

Pyakyakhinskoye field

In 2009, the limited liability company LUKOIL-Western Siberia in Yamal embarked on the path to the preparation of the Pyakyakhinskoye field, which is very promising. Only 69.5 million tons of oil - the initially extracted reserve by the start of 2014, and gas production amounted to 234.2 billion cubic meters. A total of 219 oil wells are planned to be drilled in this area. In general, they intend to put into operation 420 wells, in addition to oil wells, they include 105 injection and 96 gas wells.

Novoportovskoye field

The Novoportovskoye field is located on the Yamal Peninsula. This field was discovered in 1964. More than 250 million tons of oil and 320 billion cubic meters of gas is recovered. More than 100 kilometers is the length of the oil pipeline, through which oil is delivered to the coast from the field. In 2015 began construction of the second branch, it will provide the supply of more than 5 million tons of oil per year. For the first time, oil was shipped from the field in the winter of 2015 by sea.

Vostochno-Messoyakhskoye field

Vostochno-Messoyakhskoye is territorially located in the YaNAO Tazovsky district. The deposit became available in 1990. The deposit was named after the river of the same name, which flows through the area of the deposit. About 480 million tons of oil and gas condensate are produced on an area of one hundred thousand hectares. The first oil was produced in autumn 2012. In 2014, the construction of an oil pipeline was laid, its length will be more than 100 kilometers and it will allow to ship 7 million tons of oil per year.

Zapadno-Messoyakhskoye field

The Zapadno-Messoyakhskoye field is located on the Gydan Peninsula of the YaNAO. The operator of the project is the public joint-stock company Gazprom Neft. The reserve of recoverable oil is about 180 million tons and almost 60 billion cubic meters of gas. There is no oil pipeline. In difficult conditions, incl. and weather, mining is carried out. The media claim that by 2020 Zapadno-Messoyakhskoye will reach peak production.

Russian field

Not far from the city of Nakhodka, the Russkoye deposit is mined ( Tyumen region). 410 million tons of oil is the forecast volume of reserves. It was developed in 1968 and is considered one of the largest deposits in the Russian Federation. The area of the Russian deposit covers 525 square kilometers and was discovered by Glavtyumengeologiya.

Leningradskoye field

The Leningradskoye in the Kara Sea was developed in 1992. It is located on the territory of the YaNAO (Tyumen region), and has huge gas deposits at a depth of about 1700 meters. The field was discovered by Arktikmorneftegazrazvedka. The total area is 550 square kilometers. According to preliminary estimates, the reserves of the field amounted to just over one trillion cubic meters of natural gas and three million tons of condensate. The Leningradskoye field is considered unique in its characteristics. PJSC Gazprom is the operator of the project.

Rusanovskoye field

The Rusanovskoye field, like the Leningradskoye field, is located on the shelf of the Kara Sea of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. It was discovered by Arktikmorneftegazrazvedka in 1992. Initial reserves are estimated at almost 3 trillion cubic meters of natural gas. The total reserves are about 779 billion cubic meters of gas and more than 7 million tons of condensate. Project operator PJSC Gazprom. At present, 7 gas condensate deposits have been discovered and 2 wells have been drilled.

You can get more information about the development of the YNAO fields at the forum and exhibition and Yamal Neftegaz and the congress and exhibition

GAS FIELDS OF THE YAMAL-NENETS AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT, osn. source of nature extracted in Russia. gas.

To the share of the Yamalo-Nenets Aut. env. (YaNAO) accounts for approx. 75% of explored natural resources. Russian gas and 22% of world reserves. Beginning total reserves are estimated at 93 trillion cubic meters. m; over the years prom. more than 10 trillion cubic meters were extracted from the subsoil of the district. m of gas. Russia produces 530 billion cubic meters annually. m, 90% of them - in the YNAO. Through the pipes of the master. gas pipelines, blue fuel is transported to the Urals, to Europe. Russia, France, Austria, Italy, Germany and other countries. The resource of the 24 largest deposits is estimated at 13 trillion cubic meters. m. Among them are world-famous giants: Zapolyarnoye, Urengoyskoye, Medvezhye, Yamburgskoye, Bovanenkovskoye, etc.

The idea of the need to search for oil and gas in the territory. Zap. Siberia put forward in the 1930s. vice pres. Academy of Sciences of the USSR I.M. Gubkin, who led the geol. research in the east. regions of Russia. In 1934 N.A. Gedroits on the lion. bank of the Yenisei, in the lower. the course of Bol. and Mal. The Hittites identified the first exits of combustible gas. 21 Sept. 1953 on the outskirts of the old village. A powerful gas fountain hit Berezovo from a well, announcing the birth of the West Siberian oil and gas province. Further development was facilitated by the creation in 1958 in Salekhard of the Yamalo-Nenets complex geological exploration. expeditions under the guidance of V.D. Bovanenko, as well as the Taz oil exploration expedition. In 1961, the first deep exploratory well was laid on the Tazovsky Peninsula.

A new stage in the formation of gases. The foothold began in 1962 with the discovery of the Tazovsky oil and gas condensate. deposits (525 km north-east of Salekhard). From a depth of 2.2 thousand meters, a gas fountain with a flow rate of 1.5 million cubic meters was clogged. m per day. Further, the volumes of production increased aspires. pace. Proof of the prospects of the Yamal gas-bearing structures were open on the territory. districts in subsequent years of the deposit. The largest success was the discovery in 1965 in the Purovsky district for mines. depth (700 m) of a powerful gas reservoir, which gave rise to 2 giant gas condensate oil fields: Gubkinskoye with gas reserves of 350 billion cubic meters. m and (in the future) Zapolyarnoe. In the shortest possible time, a geol. map of oil and gas territories. Cr. North West. Siberia.

In 1966, the "epoch of big gas" began in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Drilling a well on the bank of the river. Evoyakh, the drilling crew of the Nadym oil exploration expedition received a gas fountain with a flow rate of approx. 7 million cubic meters m per day. This is how the supergiant was discovered. Urengoy oil and gas condensate. field. On May 30, 1967, the 1st cubic meter of gas was produced in a supergiant well. gas condensate. Medvezhye deposits. No less successful was 1968. Geol. The Arctic gas and Russian oil and gas fields appeared on the map. The discovery of the supergiant followed in 1969. Yamburgskoye gas condensate oil field. In the 1970s–80s. movement to the north-east continued. In addition to the super giant. Bovanenkovo field, 470 km north of Salekhard (1971), geologists discovered a number of giants. deposits: Severo-Urengoyskoye (1970), Kharasaveyskoye, South-Tambeyskoye (1974), North-Tambeyskoye (1982). In 1985, the Karsk expedition discovered the Malyginskoye gas condensate. deposit (650 km north-east of Salekhard). In con. 1980s Geologists of Arktikmorneftegazrazvedka went to the Kara Sea, where they discovered 2 giants. gas condensate. deposits (1989 - Rusanovskoye, 1990 - Leningradskoye).

Immediately after the discovery of the largest deposits, their development followed. Con. 1960s - early. 1970s have become for the YNAO the time of a grandiose prom. building The country received the first cubic meters of Yamal gas after the “red joint” was welded on May 20, 1972 on the Medvezhye-Nadym-Punga gas pipeline, which reached the Urals in the same year. In 1981 brought to the project. capacity gas pipeline "Urengoy-Cherepovets-Moscow". In the 1970s–80s. created gas transport. stretching system more than 20 thousand km. Turning date in the fatherland. gas production began in 1984, when the USSR, thanks to the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, took first place in the world in gas production, and Tyumen. fishermen - on a record. indicator: 1 billion cubic meters m per day. By 1986, the district had already given the country 2 trillion cubic meters. m of gas, and with the development of Yamburg in 1988, the 3rd trillion was also extracted. In 1992, the YNAO reached the max. gas production - 556 billion cubic meters. m. In 2000, production amounted to 512 billion cubic meters. m, in 2002 - 509 billion cubic meters. m. In 2001, the east happened in Yamal. event: 10th trillion cubic meters produced m of gas.

Today, the Yamal gas is associated with the state. Concern "Gazprom", created in 1989 on the basis of the Ministry of gas industry of the USSR. The largest of its subsidiaries operate in the YaNAO: Urengoygazprom (which produced 180 billion cubic meters of gas in 2001), Yamburggazdobycha (174 billion), Nadymgazprom (71 billion), Noyabrskgazdobycha (35 billion). The first two enterprises use unique. deposits: Urengoyskoye and Yamburgskoye. In connection with their entry into the phase of falling production in 2001, the 3rd unique was mastered. gas field - Zapolyarnoye. The immediate prospects for the development of the industry are associated with the study of deep horizons. At the beginning 21st century exploration of gas resources below 3 thousand m is 8 times less than at depths up to 1.5 thousand m. lips, shelf of the Kara Sea.

Lit .: Golovnev A.V. History of Yamal. Tobolsk - Yar-Sale, 1994; Yamal - familiar and unknown. Tyumen, 1995; Russian oil and gas sector in theory and practice. Novosibirsk, 2003; Yamal: Encyclopedia of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug: In 3 volumes. Salekhard, 2004; Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug from A to Z. Tyumen, 2004.

Introduction

The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is the central part of Russia's Arctic facade. The territory of the YNAO is located in the Arctic zone in the north of the world's largest West Siberian Plain and occupies a vast area of more than 750 thousand square kilometers.

More than half of it is located beyond the Polar District, covering the lower reaches of the Ob with tributaries, the basins of the Nadym, Pura and Taz rivers, the Yamal, Tazovsky, Gydansky peninsulas, a group of islands in the Kara Sea (White, Shokalsky, Neupokoeva, Oleniy, etc.), as well as eastern slopes of the Polar Urals. 30 minutes Extreme north point mainland Yamal is located under 73 north latitude, which fully justifies the Nenets name of the peninsula - the Land's End.

The northern border of the district, washed by the waters of the Kara Sea, has a length of 5100 kilometers and is part of state border Russian Federation(about 900 kilometers). In the west, along the Ural Range, the Yamalo-Nenets Okrug borders on the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Komi Republic, in the south - on the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, in the east - on the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

The relief of the district is represented by two parts: mountainous and flat. Almost 90% of the flat part lies within heights up to 100 meters above sea level; hence many lakes and swamps. The left bank of the Ob has an elevated and rugged relief. The right-bank, mainland part is a slightly hilly plateau with a slight slope to the north. The most elevated areas of the lowland are located in the south of the district within the Siberian ridges.

The mountainous part of the district occupies a narrow strip along the Polar Urals and represents large mountain ranges with a total length of over 200 kilometers. The average height of the southern massifs is 600-800 meters, and the width is 20-30. The highest peaks are the Belfry Mountains - 1305 meters, Pai-Er - 1499 meters.

To the north, the height of the mountains reaches 1000-1300 meters. The main watershed ridge of the Polar Urals is winding, its absolute heights reach 1200-1300 meters and higher.

The purpose of this work is to study the mining of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

To achieve the goal, it is necessary to study the minerals of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and give general characteristics deposits.

Minerals of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

The relief of the territory of the district is flat, consisting of tundra and forest-tundra with many lakes and swamps, and a mountainous part. The mountain range, located in the west of the district, stretches for 200 km, reaching a height of up to 1.5 thousand meters. Unique territories in the cultural and natural heritage of the regions. - M.: Russian Research Institute of Cultural and Natural Heritage, 2008

The region's water resources are rich and diverse. They include: the coast of the Kara Sea, numerous bays and bays, rivers, lakes, swamps and underground waters. The Gulf of Ob, a bay of the Kara Sea, is one of the largest sea bays in the Russian Arctic, its area is 44,000 km². There are about 300,000 lakes and 48,000 rivers on the territory of the Okrug, the largest of which are the Ob at its mouth, as well as the Nadym, Taz (river) and Pur rivers. The Ob River, one of the longest in Russia, flows within the district in two powerful branches. The presence of lakes, most of which are of glacial origin, is one of the characteristic features of the landscape of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Groundwater is characterized by a huge artesian basin with an area of 3 million km², which includes reserves of thermal waters.

The region occupies one of the leading places in Russia in terms of hydrocarbon reserves, especially natural gas and oil. The following deposits are located on the territory of the district: Official website of the YNAO http://adm.yanao.ru/

1. Urengoy gas field

2. Yuzhno-Russkoye oil and gas field

3. Nakhodka gas field

4. Yamburgskoye oil and gas condensate field

5. Ety-Purovskoye oil field

The state balance takes into account 136 fields (62 oil, 6 oil and gas, 9 gas and oil, 59 oil and gas condensate), the explored recoverable reserves of which amount to 14.49% of all oil reserves in Russia. 37 deposits are being developed, the annual production was 8.5%. Of the 136 fields in the district, one is unique - Russian, with oil reserves - 16.15% of the district and 30 large ones, on which 67.25% of the reserves and 69.1% of the district's oil production are concentrated. The cumulative oil production in the district is 375.2 million tons. Official website of the YNAO http://adm.yanao.ru/

About 600 thousand heads of reindeer are pastured on 50 million hectares of tundra. Nature has sheltered here 70 percent of the world stocks of whitefish (muksun, pink salmon, nelma) Brief reference book of the region / Compiled by Yu.A. Stürmer - 3rd ed., with rev. and additional - M.: Profizdat, 2009.