The Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is located in the central part of the West Siberian Plain. It borders: in the north - with the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, in the east - with the Tomsk Region, the Krasnoyarsk Territory, in the south with the Tobolsk and Uvat Regions, in the west - with the Komi Republic and the Sverdlovsk Region.

In the total area of ​​the district - 534.8 thousand square kilometers, agricultural land (pastures, arable land, fallows, hayfields) occupy 3%, swamps - 44.3%, shrubs - 2.1%, surface waters (rivers, lakes) - 6.6%, forests - 44% .

The largest rivers: Ob - 3650 km, Irtysh - 3580 km. The total length of the used navigable and rafting parts of the rivers is more than 5 thousand kilometers. The largest lakes in the central part of the West Siberian Plain: Tormomtor - 139 sq. km., Vandmtor - 127 sq. km., Piltanlor - 98.8 sq. km., Syrkovoe - 90.4 sq. km., Num-To - 61.8 sq. km., Samotlor - 61.1 sq. km., Sykhtynlor - 51.8 sq. km.

The center of the district is the city of Khanty-Mansiysk. The distance from Khanty-Mansiysk to Moscow is 2759 km. The distance from Khanty-Mansiysk to Tyumen is 490 km.

Average temperature: January - 19.2, July + 18.1 degrees Celsius.
The population is 1326.2 thousand people, including people of indigenous nationality - about 20 thousand people.

In ancient times, the Ugra (Ugric) Samoyed tribes were pushed back under pressure from the nomads advancing from the south to the north of Siberia. Part of the Ugorians settled in the Northern Trans-Urals, and some Samoyedic tribes passed along the Ob up to its lower reaches. From the merging of the Samoyeds with the indigenous inhabitants of the polar tundra, the Nenets originated, and with the ancient inhabitants of the taiga, the Yugra tribes, the Selkups. The latter roamed along the middle course of the Ob. The Yugra tribes subsequently split into Khanty (Ostyaks) and Mansi (Voguls). The Mansi settled closer to the Urals and its slopes, along the left tributaries of the Ob: Konda, Northern Sosva, the Khanty - along the Ob and Narym valleys to the mouth and its tributaries: Vakh, Kazym, Agan, Yugan, in the lower reaches of the Irtysh.

In the twelfth century, Turkic tribes began to penetrate into the Middle Ob region, from which the Siberian Tatars later formed. Pushing back and subjugating the Khanty and Mansi, the Tatar nomads occupied a vast territory along the middle reaches of the Irtysh and Ob and some of its tributaries.

The first Russian people in Siberia were the Novgorodians. The expedition of Novgorodians to the Yugra land (the so-called left-bank part of the Lower Ob) is mentioned in the Tale of Bygone Years in 1096. Entrepreneurial Novgorod and Pomeranian merchants penetrated the lower reaches of the Ob and Taz. In the 16th century, Russian explorers discovered a sea route to the Ob arc and the Mangazeya Sea (Taz Bay), through Yugorsky Shar and Baidaratskaya Bay. Needing the furs of sable, black-brown foxes, beavers and other animals, the Russians penetrated behind the "Stone" (Ural Mountains), into the "storeroom of soft junk" (furs).

The annexation of Western Siberia to the Russian state was not only a political act. A more significant role in the need for the process of incorporating Siberia into Russia was played by the possibilities of economic development of the region rich in natural resources.

In the first half of the 17th century, the entire territory of the taiga and tundra zones was annexed to Russia. These areas were major suppliers of valuable furs.

At the end of the 17th century, the import of grain to Siberia from the Urals ceased. During this period, there was an active influx of "arable" peasants into Siberia. They settled in the forest-steppe and southern taiga regions and were engaged in arable farming, supplying the inhabitants of cities and prisons with bread.

The Middle Ob region has long attracted attention as a region of possible new development. And, of course, it is no coincidence that the waves of migration of peoples moving from the west of Russia to the east each time left their part here. There were good reasons for this. Northern advantages - the ability to hunt, fish, coexisted with the advantages of the middle zone - natural conditions made it possible to engage in cattle breeding and arable farming.

Since the spheres of traditional ways of managing the economy among indigenous peoples and migrant new settlers did not intersect in full, their coexistence in the Middle Ob region was relatively peaceful. As has been said more than once, Siberia was conquered not so much by weapons as by a plow.

As a rule, in search of new areas of residence, people are proactive, searching, with a special temperament. This remark is also true in relation to those who came here on their own hunting - as part of the expeditions of the Novgorod ushkuiniks and forcedly - whether they were rebellious Poles after the uprising of the 1860s or "strong" peasants in the 30s of our century.

Moreover, this definition applies to romantics and pragmatists, who came in especially large numbers to "raise virgin oil" in 1960-1980.

Apparently, it should also be noted that the North, especially in the last wave of resettlement, moved to a large part of highly qualified specialists, young people with increased contact and somewhat different from those accepted on the mainland way of thinking and lifestyle.

The traditions brought in and existing before in the North have formed a fusion that differs from those existing in other regions, which is now called the fashionable word - mentality.

The history of the district, and especially the post-revolutionary one, consists not only of white pages, as one might judge from archival documents and newspaper publications. There were pages and black ones, there were lines in them written in blood. And this statement applies not only to the times of the civil war, when people who believed their ideologists broke up into groups and destroyed each other, firmly believing that a bright future would come tomorrow, immediately after the death of their enemies.

The existing way of life in the Middle Ob region (as well as throughout Russia) did not meet the needs of a centrally planned economy. From this came the desire of the authorities to "reforge", to make people reliable cogs in their mechanism, their society. It was for this purpose that cultural bases, settlements were built, communications, air travel, medical care, and the education system were developed. So bright signs of civilization came to the Middle Ob region. And a lot of people honestly gave their talent, their strength to the construction of a system of communist education of "human material."

The need to improve the management system of the country's territory led to the creation of new territorial-administrative entities. On December 10, 19930, the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee adopted a Decree on the creation of eight national districts, including Ostyako-Vogulsky (later Khanty-Mansiysk).

Yes, back in the thirties, the Middle Ob region joined civilization. But he paid a big price for it. Of course, the approach to the indigenous peoples of the North was purely paternalistic - it was decided for him what he would be like in the future. The order of life that existed earlier during this time was thoroughly undermined, the layer of carriers of the traditional culture and religion of the people - shamans, storytellers, musicians - was destroyed. Instead, a stratum of Soviet intelligentsia is being intensively created from among "the number of persons of the indigenous peoples of the North." Since the "civilization" proceeded by very crude methods - violence, intimidation, there were also "counter-revolutionary, anti-Soviet acts", such as the Kazym uprising of 1933, other, smaller-scale rebellions in different parts of the Middle Ob region.

In the mid-thirties, the Yugra Territory again became a place of mass exile of people dangerous to the regime. But it was they, the strong masters of the middle zone of Russia and Siberia, representatives of the intelligentsia of large cities, who, thanks to their knowledge, experience, and initiative, played a very important role in the development of the national economy, the construction of cities, and the growth of literacy of the population of the Middle Ob region.

In the territory's agriculture, for example, the concept of "commodity grain production" appeared. By 1940, the sown area was about 13,000 hectares, the yield of spring wheat reached 11, winter rye - 16.6, oats - 12 centners per hectare. About 180 poods of grain were purchased from the collective farms of the district.

Of course, the war years in all respects had a negative impact on the economic condition of the Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug. The majority of the male part of the population went to the front. Over 17 thousand natives of the district participated in the Great Patriotic War. About nine thousand of our countrymen received military awards, nine people became Heroes of the Soviet Union. All work fell on women's and children's hands.

In general, during the war, the district supplied the country with about one and a half million cubic meters of wood, more than a million centners of fish, and more than 32 thousand cans of canned food.

New horizons opened before the district with the discovery of oil and gas on its territory - this is the usual phrase of historians writing about the creation of the Russian oil and gas complex. Indeed, this is true, but not all.

On the territory of the Okrug, thanks to the discovery of deposits of hydrocarbon raw materials, intensive exploitation of forest and other natural resources, the base of the region of new development was created. The population of the district has increased many times, a special mentality, characteristic of this particular region, began to form.

However, the huge wealth extracted from the bowels and on the territory of the district passed through the hands of the people who created these values. For 65 years, the industry of the district has supplied the national economy: oil - 6.1 billion tons, gas - 470 billion cubic meters, forests - 287.7 million cubic meters, fish - 808.7 thousand tons, electricity - 731 billion kilowatt-hours.

As a matter of fact, the district became a colony, a raw material appendage of Russia. New cities, their infrastructures were only a secondary addition to the mining enterprises. All the main wealth went to Moscow, something fell to the regional center - Tyumen, and very little remained in place, here in the North.

The situation became especially complicated when the consequences of the super-intensive development of oil fields became apparent - a drop in the production of hydrocarbon raw materials. All attempts to achieve at least some balance of interests failed.

This moment coincided with a radical restructuring of the Russian economy. The oil and gas complex has become something of a lifesaver for the country, and in the center they continued to consider oil pantries bottomless.

The situation began to change only after the district became a subject of the Federation and received the right to form its own, independent of the regional budget.

The representative and executive branches of government of the district, cities and districts of the territory received real opportunities to protect the interests of the inhabitants of the region. Over the four years of its existence, the subject of the Russian Federation, the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, has achieved considerable results in protecting the interests of the population of the Okrug, including the indigenous peoples of the North. The territory began to receive payment for the use of resources, business life revived, conditions were created to protect the interests of the natives. However, this is only a small part of what needs to be done for the full development of the territory of the new development.

In 1594, shortly after the victory of Yermak’s troops over the Siberian Khan Kuchum, on the site of the Ostyak settlement, on the right, high bank of the Ob, a prison arose, along a channel of the great Siberian river close to it, which received the name Surgut and became one of the centers for the development of Siberia by Russians. In 1782, Surgut became part of the Tobolsk governorate; in 1804 it was transformed into a settlement; since 1868 it became the district, and since 1898 - the county center of the Tobolsk province. The county period of Surgut is described in the encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron as follows: "... There are few streets, they are not paved, they sprout with grass in summer. The inhabitants - 1130 people. The city owns 4 shops. Craftsmen - 20 people. There are no factories and factories. The main occupation of the inhabitants is fishing, berry picking, trade and firewood for the Ob steamships."

In the early years of Soviet power, Surgut, due to the small population, was transformed into a village; in 1930 it was included in the Khanty-Mansiysk National Okrug, which, in turn, in 1944 became part of the newly formed Tyumen Region. In 1959, barges moored to the Ob Krutoyar; they delivered pioneer geologists to Surgut, who discovered rich oil and gas fields in the area of ​​the village. The 60s of our century - the time of the second birth of a small West Siberian settlement, which again became a city in 1965.

Modern Surgut, celebrating its 400th anniversary, is a major regional center of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug of the Tyumen Region. The city covers an area of ​​over 200 sq. km, on which 271 thousand people live (in 1983 - 170 thousand, in 1968 - less than 15 thousand). About 2,000 enterprises operate in Surgut: for the production of hydrocarbon fuel (the main one is Surgutneftegaz JSC, one of the largest in Russia); energy (GRES-I, -II - giants of the domestic energy industry); transport (the most important river port in the Ob region; the largest airport in the region; since 1975 - the terminal station on the Tyumen-Surgut railway line; the largest junction of oil and gas pipelines); construction (housing, road); geology; food, fish (fish processing plant), forestry and timber processing (timber industry) and other industries. Surgut has cultural and educational institutions (including the museum of local lore), medical and sports and health facilities. There is also a university in the city, branches of Tyumen universities, a commercial college, 5 secondary specialized educational institutions, 5 vocational schools, a lyceum, a gymnasium, 43 secondary schools, 72 preschool institutions for 23120 places, children's music and art schools, an art school, a house of creativity and stations young naturalists and technicians. The climate in the Surgut region is continental, with a long, lasting about seven months, severe winter (average temperatures in January -22 C, July 16 C). The environs of Surgut abound in berries and mushrooms; in the forests surrounding the city, there are fur-bearing animals, in the rivers - valuable species of fish (salmon, whitefish, sturgeon). Horticulture and horticulture have become a common hobby of Surgut residents. In the harsh conditions of the north, on scarce peat-bog and podzolic soils, the townspeople grow zucchini, pumpkins, strawberries, eggplants, watermelons, flowers and greenery. The current Surgut is young, the inhabitants who build and improve it are young. In the busy everyday life of today - the key to the long youth of this amazing city with four hundred years of history.

Khanty-Mansiysk

City on seven hills.

Each city has its own face, and it has a characteristic feature that can be described in one or two words: ancient or modern, young or old, metropolitan or provincial. All these definitions can be attributed with equal right to Khanty-Mansiysk. The only thing you can't say about him is typical.

Like an uncut diamond in a horseshoe-shaped frame of the silvery Irtysh, it hid in the boundless Siberian expanses and waited for a skilled craftsman for many years to shine with all its facets. Washed by the Ob tributary from three sides, Khanty-Mansiysk is located on a ridge of seven hills, which cuts like a wedge into the Ob-Irtysh floodplain. These two rivers merge 18 kilometers from the city. On approaching it, under the wing of the aircraft, the "sea of ​​taiga" sings, of course, but when the Yak-40 comes in for landing, the abundance of water is most striking - swamps and swamps, lakes and lakes, channels and streams. Isolated on all sides by expanses of water, until last autumn, Khanty-Mansiysk was connected to the mainland only by river and air routes.

The city is ancient.

The history of Khanty-Mansiysk, unlike its counterparts in the district, is rooted in the distant past. By decree of Tsar Mikhail Romanov in 1637, at the foot of the Samarovsky mountain, a settlement of coachmen was formed, which laid the foundation for the village of Samarovo. Three centuries later, already under Soviet rule, dispossessed peasants and "politically unreliable" began to be exiled here. It was through their efforts in 1930 that the construction began five kilometers from the village, in the Bolshoy Cheremushnik tract, the administrative center of the newly formed Autonomous Okrug. On the site of the centuries-old taiga, the village of Ostyako-Vogulsk (under the former name of the Khanty and Mansi) grew up, renamed Khanty-Mansiysk in 1940. In 1950, having merged with the village of Samarovo, Khanty-Mansiysk became a city.
Despite the high district status, it cannot be compared with Nizhnevartovsk or Surgut, Kogalym or Nefteyugansk. It is much smaller in terms of territory (250 sq. km.) and population (36 thousand people) and, until recently, was much more modest both in terms of outward signs of well-being and in terms of the standard of living of citizens. There are no industrial enterprises here, and in fact it is a bureaucratic city. A kind of Siberian Bonn.

Siberian city

Even the most cynical skeptic cannot but feel here the enormous attractive power of Siberian nature. Most men would not exchange local hunting or fishing for any earthly blessings. Since ancient times, these places have been famous for fishing - pike, ide, muksun, nelma and even sterlet - from these words alone, the pulse of an inveterate angler quickens. Exquisite delicacies are produced for the townspeople by the joint-stock company "Akva" (former fish processing plant). But for connoisseurs, there is no tastier fish that he caught and cooked himself. Therefore, every fifth inhabitant of the city has his own motor boat, with which the pier of the river port is literally crowded. In the swamps of the river floodplain - wild ducks, in the taiga - bears and elks, berries, mushrooms, nuts. In a word, primeval temptations and pleasures on the wild bank of the Irtysh.

Almost the majority of local residents live in wooden houses built in the 1930s and 1950s, pleasing the unaccustomed eye of visitors with their purely Siberian solidity and giving the city a unique flavor (another thing is that living in them by modern standards is not very cozy and convenient) .

Siberia is also felt in the urban toponymy - the Sibirsky Privoz store, the Yugra hotel, Taezhnaya Street. Although there is, of course, its own Komsomolskaya, and Lenin, and Karl Marx.

City modern

At the same time, it would be biased to portray the current Khanty-Mansiysk as a reserved backyard, where it smells exclusively of "Rus". "Shuttle" with their simple assortment got, of course, and here. However, the flea market and shuttle boom is noticeably waning here, and most goods are sold in shops and commercial kiosks. So you can’t recognize a local resident by the clothes and you can’t distinguish it from a visitor. But the abundance of cars on the city streets is noticeable, and the impression is that almost every second of them is a foreign car.

The already mentioned three-star "Ugra" is in no way inferior to the good hotels of the Russian west. It's nice that the politeness of the staff is not artificial, and the smile is not memorized. In the evenings, "cool" young people gather in the local bar and restaurant, drink "cool" drinks and listen to "cool" music. However, these are all superficial impressions. And if you delve deeper into the life of the city, then the signs of novelty turn out to be more serious and significant. And the most important thing is that Khanty-Mansiysk is rapidly being updated.

Mayor Vladimir Yakovlev has been on the farm for several years. Worked as the chairman of the executive committee appointed by the head of administration. In November 1996, he won an impressive victory over five rivals in local elections and remained at the helm. By education, he is a civil engineer, so urban construction, of course, is his strong point. As much money is now used in a year, as before - for ten. Last year, 33.5 thousand square meters were commissioned. m of housing - almost a square meter per person - an indicator that is unattainable for many other regions. Plus a new modern school, plus a new hospital complex under construction with a polyclinic, and even a specialized dental clinic, plus two dispensaries, a pharmacy department with a pharmacy, plus new buildings for city services - the mayor confidently bends his fingers first on one, and then on the other hand. And the population, let me remind you, is not even 40 thousand.

The city is promising

One of the local architectural dominants is the building of the "Business Center", where the offices of various firms, companies, banks are located. However, the role destined for him goes far beyond purely urban planning categories. In Khanty-Mansiysk, the mayor is sure, there will soon be a boom. Its inevitability is associated here with the discovery of the Priobskoye oil field, the largest not only in the country, but also in the world. The richest foreign firms have already fought for the right to participate in its development. Development will begin - and Khanty-Mansiysk, which has proved its right to be the business center of the oil-bearing region, will receive new incentives, and most importantly - investments for development. The city is objectively ready for this. Already today, its budget is 475 billion rubles - an amount that is incomparable with other, much larger cities in Russia. Rapidly developing as an administrative center, the city is increasingly becoming stronger as a financial, cultural and sports center.

Having closed on itself the main business ties of the region, Khanty-Mansiysk began to urgently need uninterrupted telephone communications. The problem was solved a couple of years ago, and now it is easy to get through from here to anywhere in the world. Cellular communication is also being introduced, although it still costs, as elsewhere in Russia, not cheap. The runway at the local airport has been reconstructed and is now ready to receive aircraft of any type.

The recently completed highway linking the city with Nefteyugansk and further with Tyumen is called the "road of life" here - the land route does not know "non-flying" weather.

City old

Not the age of the city itself is meant in this case. Using this definition, Alexander Karmazin, deputy head of the administration for social issues, meant the average age of the inhabitants, or more precisely, the number of elderly people living here. In this sense, Khanty-Mansiysk is the oldest of all cities in the region. There are 4 pensioners for every worker. Where can we get the funds to provide them with at least minimal social protection in our difficult time? In Khanty-Mansiysk, these issues are addressed as top priorities. Pensions are paid day by day, hour by hour. Moreover, a special enterprise "Memory" has been created (although here this name has been rehabilitated and corresponds to the essence), whose employees bring money to each pensioner's home and provide legal assistance. As for help with the housework, the purchase of medicines, etc., the city social service is engaged in this.

Two years ago, on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the Great Victory, each (!) veteran of the war was given a TV set, a suit and 500 thousand rubles each from the city. Mikhail Lazarev, military commissar of Khanty-Mansiysk, told me about this. The city and the county have allocated sums of money to veterans for the holiday this year as well. The administration, the military registration and enlistment office, the council of veterans are three pillars that support in the elderly the consciousness that they are valued, remembered and taken care of.

The city is young

Khanty-Mansiysk is five thousand schoolchildren, more than a thousand students of pedagogical and medical schools, colleges and students of several institutes, whose branches operate in the capital of the district.

After the pioneer and Komsomol organizations that united young people disappeared, the problem arose of how to compensate for this. Here we decided to focus on the organization of leisure centers at the place of residence. Stations of young naturalists and young technicians continue to operate, a pupil of which was recently recognized as the best ship modeller in Russia.

The city is traditionally famous for its skiers. The national biathlon team is actually the team of Khanty-Mansiysk. Therefore, it is here that an international biathlon center is being built, where the World Championships will be held in 2001. The local sports school, known throughout the country, prepares the future generation of skiers.

Nizhnevartovsk

The city covers an area of ​​270 square kilometers. The population is 237 thousand people, of which more than 111 thousand work at 983 enterprises and organizations of the city.

On the banks of the great Ob, where the Vakh River flows into it, according to the testimony of old-timers and local historians, a wood-burning pier appeared in 1909. Merchant ships began to stick to it and stock up on firewood in order to continue their journey.

Exactly three years later, on the shore near the pier, passengers and owners of steamboats passing by saw five houses built over the winter, in which 11 people lived. They were engaged in the preparation of firewood, fur trade and fishing. Among the first settlers were Panov, Silkin and Pletnev, history has not preserved the names of others.

In January 1924, the Nizhnevartovsk Village Council was formed. On September 29, 1964, the village of Nizhnevartovsk was transformed into a working settlement. And on March 9, 1972, this village received the status of a city of district subordination and the administrative center of the Nizhnevartovsk region.

But the beginning of the city, the second, truly legendary birth of Nizhnevartovsk, was laid by a radiogram from the head of the Megion oil exploration expedition to the head of the Tyumen geological department dated May 29, 1965: “P-1 Samotlor 2123 - 2130 meters an oil fountain was received. Well development. Visual debit of more than 300 cubic meters per day.”

So, a little over seven years after the word “Sputnik” literally flew into the international vocabulary, understandable to everyone without translation, the word “Samotlor” began to sound in all languages.

And the whole world, shortly after that historic day, it really became clear: Samotlor is oil. This is a very, very big oil. In May 1965, when the first exploratory well gave oil, the planned development of Nizhnevartovsk began. The place where they thought to build a city was so swampy that even all-terrain vehicles could not save it. Trying to pull one out of the swamp, others got stuck.

In 1966, the first construction organization was established - the Megiongazstroy trust.

Those who packed their suitcases, responding to newspaper appeals and calls from the Komsomol, had no idea what awaited them in the North. That there is no heat, no housing, no electricity. That the only thread that connected the village with the mainland was the Ob River. Mail, food, materials, equipment were delivered only by river. And navigation on the Ob is only five months.

The one who came to work in this trust decided: we will work around the clock. No other is given. That is why the wooden Pionerskaya Street grew up in just two months.

Samotlor, as the largest pearl of the region's oil necklace, is framed by dozens of more modest underground stores, but with a very high overall resource potential. On the territory of the Nizhnevartovsk region there are five oil and gas producing associations.

The second most important wealth of the region is waiting for its time - the forest. The air gate of the city is the airport. It receives and sends dozens of aircraft from Russian and foreign airlines every day. Nizhnevartovsk has become the eighth port beyond the Urals capable of receiving large liners.

From the first days of the development of Samotlor, aviators have become indispensable helpers for oil workers, builders, and geologists. They helped in the exploration of new deposits, participated in the installation of power lines, oil rigs and pipelines, delivered doctors, building materials, and food to remote places.

The Nizhnevartovsk river port also experienced its second birth. Organized in 1909, the wood wharf turned into a large industrial enterprise. The once quiet river has become a busy water route, along which motor ships with passengers and barges with cargo from 28 cities of Russia and Kazakhstan rush.

On January 6, 1980, the first train arrived in Nizhnevartovsk, announcing the opening of railway communication with the whole country. Nizhnevartovsk is the only terminal station in a large region. Cargoes addressed to the enterprises of Nizhnevartovsk, Raduzhny, Pokachi, Strezhevoy, and other cities and towns located on the territory of the Nizhnevartovsk region and the neighboring Tomsk region come here.

On the penultimate day of January 1993, the first block of the Nizhnevartovskaya GRES with a capacity of 800 megawatts was included in the unified energy system of Russia.

A bakery, a bakery and private bakeries fully meet the city's need for bakery products, soft drinks, half of the need for confectionery products, the capacity of the dairy plant allows us to provide dairy products not only to Nizhnevartovsk, but also to neighboring cities. A poultry farm, a fish factory, a sausage factory, greenhouses significantly replenish the diet of the townspeople.

Oil Nizhnevartovsk has become the place of registration of more than 6 thousand promising reputable enterprises, commercial structures, banks, insurance and trading companies.

In Nizhnevartovsk there are 37 secondary schools and two auxiliary schools. Graduates have the opportunity, without leaving their hometown, to continue their studies at two vocational schools, an oil technical school, a technical lyceum, a medical school, at the general technical faculty of the Tyumen Industrial Institute, at a higher pedagogical college and a pedagogical institute.

There is a charitable hospital in Nizhnevartovsk, which has no analogues in Western Siberia. It treats cancer patients, children with cerebral palsy. And another attraction of the city is a cosmetology clinic, equipped with modern equipment for massages, minor surgical interventions.

The space of Russia and its northern territories Located in the central part of the West Siberian Lowland, the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug is currently a large administrative-territorial entity, which is a subject of the Federation and the most important region of the Russian North in many demographic and economic parameters. It is the largest in...

Subventions ("negative transfers") to the budget of the Autonomous Okrug. The volume of the financial support fund for settlements and the distribution of subsidies from it are approved by the law on the budget of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra for the next financial year. Grants from the regional fund for financial support of settlements are provided to the budgets of urban districts on a monthly basis in accordance with the consolidated ...

Geographical position and relief

The Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug occupies the central part of the West Siberian Lowland, stretching from west to east for almost 1,400 km - from the Ural Range to the Osko-Yenisei watershed. From north to south, the district extends for approximately 800 km, located between 58º30' and 65º30' north latitude. The length of the borders of the district is 4750 km. The territory of the district is a vast, slightly dissected plain with absolute elevations rarely reaching 200 m above sea level. The only exception is the North-Sosvinskaya Upland, located in the northwestern part, between the Ural Range and the Ob, and passing along the northern border of the district, a barely elevated ridge of Siberian ridges, which is a natural watershed between the Ob river basins and Nadym, Pura, going in a submeridian direction to the north. and Taza. The moraine ridges also include the more modest-sized Agansky ridge and Numto ridge. Of particular note is the most interesting natural formation, called the Belogorodsky mainland. It is a hill, stretching in a submeridional direction, bounded from the west by the Ob River, and from the east bordered by the valley of the Nadym River. The maximum heights (up to 231 m) gravitate towards the strongly dissected "mountainous" part of the Ob, in the east the relief is poorly dissected. The northern part (to the north of the village of Maly Atlym) is characterized by heights of 190-230 m and significant erosional dissection. In the south, elevations rarely exceed 100-130 m. Belogorie got its name for the light color of the clays that make up the elevation. The Belogorsk mainland and its less pronounced continuation already in the Ob-Irtysh interfluve separate the vast Kondinsky and Surgut lowlands - the true kingdoms of lakes and swamps. In the west, the spurs and ridges of the mountain system of the Northern and Subpolar Urals enter the territory of the district. This part of the okrug's territory is characterized by low- and medium-mountain relief (in the Subpolar Urals - with alpine features). The length of the mountainous region is 450 km with a width of 30-40 km. Within the mountain system of the Subpolar Urals, on the border with the Komi Republic, there are maximum marks of absolute heights in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - up to 1,895 m (Narodnaya).

Climate

The climate of the district is temperate continental, characterized by a rapid change of weather conditions, especially in autumn and spring, as well as during the day. The formation of the climate is significantly influenced by the protection of the territory from the west by the Ural Range, as well as the openness from the north, which contributes to the unhindered penetration of cold Arctic masses. An important role is played by the flat character of the terrain with a large number of rivers, lakes and swamps. Winters are severe and long with stable snow cover, summers are short and comparatively warm. The transitional seasons (spring, autumn) are characterized by late spring and early autumn frosts. The average temperature in January in the district ranges from 18-24 ºC. The lowest air temperatures (up to -60-62 ºC) were registered in the valley of the Vakh River in the Nizhnevartovsk region. The duration of the period with negative air temperature can reach 7 months, from October to April; with stable snow cover - 180-200 days - from late October to early May. Frosts are not uncommon until mid-June. The warmest month of July is characterized by average temperatures ranging from 15.0 ºC (in the northwest) to 18.4 ºC (in the southeast). The absolute maximum reaches 36 ºC. The annual duration of sunshine in the district is 1600-1900 hours, in Khanty-Mansiysk - 1765 hours (for comparison: in St. Petersburg - 1563, Kursk - 1775, Kyiv - 1843 hours).

In summer, the prevailing wind direction is northerly, in contrast to winter, when southerly winds are more often observed. The annual rainfall is 400-620 mm. The height of the snow cover is from 50 to 80 cm. The maximum precipitation falls on the warm season. Even with a relatively small amount of them, the evaporation values ​​are very insignificant, as a result of which the entire territory of the region is located in the zone of excessive moisture. Waterlogging, low temperatures, late spring, summer and early autumn frosts - all this hinders the cultivation of most crops. Only focal agriculture is widespread, specializing in the cultivation of potatoes, onions, radishes, cabbages, carrots, oats, barley, and fodder crops.

Hydrography

There are more than 2,000 large and small rivers on the territory of the Okrug with a total length of 172,000 km. The main rivers of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - the Ob (3650 km) and the Irtysh (3580 km) - are one of the largest rivers in Russia. In addition to them, significant rivers include the tributaries of the Ob: Vakh, Agan, Tromyogan, Bolshoy Yugan, Lyamin, Pim, Bolshoy Salym, Nazim, Northern Sosva, Kazym, as well as the tributary of the Irtysh - the Kondu and Sogom rivers. There are more than 10 rivers in the district, the length of which exceeds 500 km. Each of them, due to its size, special beauty, and richness in fish resources, could become the national pride of many countries of the world. The Konda River, for example, is almost equal in length (about 1100 km) to the Rhine, the Bolshoi Yugan (1063 km) is only 5 km shorter than the Vistula, and the full-flowing Vakh (964 km) is significantly longer than the Oder. All the rivers of the district, excluding the rivers of the Ural part, are characterized by small slopes, low flow rates, spring-summer floods, floods in the warm season, backwater phenomena. The Ob backwaters extend to a distance of 700-200 km from the mouth of the tributaries, which contributes to the formation of lars (floodplain swamps) and sors (seasonal lakes formed in flooded lowlands).

One third of the territory of the district is occupied by swamps, mainly of upland and transitional type. Surrounded by swamps and forests, there are about 290 thousand lakes with an area of ​​​​more than 1 hectare. The largest of them (more than 100 sq. km) are Tursuntsky and Levushinsky Tumany, Vandemtor and Trememtor. The deepest are Kintus (48 m), Syrkovy Sor (42 m). Most of the lakes (about 90%) are small in area and rather shallow, having no surface runoff.

Soils

The soil cover is not very diverse. Podzolic soils are common in riverine drained areas under dense dark coniferous taiga. On watersheds with weak surface and ground runoff, various types of gley soils predominate, which usually give way to bog soils in the central part. Thin podzolic soils of light mechanical composition are characteristic of the areas of spread of sandra; on them, as a rule, reindeer moss pine forests grow. The Ob floodplain is characterized by a complex combination of alluvial, soddy-meadow and marsh soils. In the mountainous (Ural) part, tundra coarse-humus gravelly soils are common.

Flora

The flora of the Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug includes over 800 species of higher plants. Almost the entire territory of the district is located within one natural zone - taiga forests, only in the extreme north-west in the Urals part it enters the zone of forest tundra and mountain tundra. Most of the territory is occupied by heavily swamped taiga. The vegetation is represented by communities of mixed and coniferous forests, swamps, water meadows, reservoirs, and mountain tundra. In the northern regions, the composition of vegetation is greatly influenced by permafrost.

The forest cover of the territory is 52%. The zone of middle taiga dominates, which is represented by dark coniferous, light coniferous, small-leaved and mixed forests. Spruce, cedar, fir, pine, larch, birch, alder grow in them. Of particular note are the extensive light lichen forests widely distributed in the northern regions of the district, used as reindeer pastures.

River floodplains and lowlands are characterized by meadow vegetation. High floodplains of large rivers are often covered with park-type willow forests, willow-birch, willow-birch-aspen grass forests. Forests and swamps are rich in berries: cranberries, lingonberries, blueberries, blueberries, currants, cloudberries, raspberries, wild roses, bird cherry, mountain ash. About 200 plant species are used in indigenous traditional medicine.

Fauna

The fauna of the district is typical for the taiga zone of Russia. The vertebrate fauna includes 369 species. Mammals are represented by 60 species, 28 of which are commercial. The most common and economically valuable are: fox, arctic fox, squirrel, sable, marten, ermine, weasel, polecat, mink, weasel, otter, hare, wild reindeer, elk, etc. The wolverine and the West Siberian river beaver.

The avifauna of the Okrug is represented by 256 species of birds, including 206 sedentary and nesting species. The most numerous orders are Passeriformes, Charadriiformes and Anseriformes. The basis of the hunting fauna (48 species) is formed by geese, capercaillie, black grouse, hazel grouse, partridges, ducks, sandpipers. Of the predators, the vulture hawk, the marsh harrier, and the long-eared owl should be especially noted. There are rare species listed in the Red Book: curly pelican, black stork, common flamingo, lesser white-fronted goose, golden eagle, peregrine falcon, black crane, Siberian Crane (white crane), thin-billed curlew, white-tailed eagle, osprey, gyrfalcon, black goose, red-breasted goose.

There are 42 species of fish in rivers and lakes. Of these, only 19 are commercial - sterlet, lelma, muksun, peled (cheese cheese), broad whitefish (shokur), whitefish (pyzhyan), Sosvinskaya herring (tugun), burbot, pike, ide, roach, bream, dace, perch, ruff , golden and silver carp, and carp are grown in the cooling ponds of the Surgut and Nizhnevartovskaya state district power stations. The species listed in the Red Book is the sturgeon.

The county is infamous for the abundance of mosquitoes and midges. A huge number of blood-sucking insects is a significant hindrance to pets and people working in the open air. So, for example, the average number of adult mosquitoes in the forest area in the Ob and its tributaries is from 4 to 12 specimens per 1 sq.m of territory. Mosquitoes appear in late May - mid-June, and their mass departure occurs in early July. By the end of August, the number and activity of mosquitoes are significantly reduced. The period of the greatest activity of midges, when they attack people, falls on the second half of summer.

Natural resources

The district has a huge natural resource potential. First of all, these are oil and gas reserves, forest resources, as well as a number of solid minerals. More than 400 oil and gas fields have been discovered with reserves of about 20 billion tons. Forecast oil reserves are estimated at 35 billion tons. The largest oil fields include Samotlor (one of the ten largest in the world), Fedorovskoye, Mamontovskoye and Priobskoye. As a rule, associated gas is present in oil fields - the most valuable raw material for the chemical industry. Unfortunately, most of it is still burned in the fields, a smaller part is used as fuel at the largest thermal power plants (Surgut GRES-1 and GRES-2). In terms of natural gas reserves, the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug ranks second in the Russian Federation after the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

In addition to oil and gas deposits, the richness of the region is also made up of deposits of primary and alluvial gold, the predicted reserves of ore formations of which are estimated at 220 tons. In the part of the Autonomous Okrug adjacent to the Urals, deposits of iron ore, as well as manifestations of bauxite, copper, zinc, lead, niobium, tantalum, etc. Industrial development of deposits of vein quartz, rock crystal and piezoquartz is underway. The quality of these raw materials is one of the highest in the world. There are known deposits of brown and hard coal, the estimated reserves of which are estimated at 4600 and 970 million tons, respectively. There are deposits of decorative stone, brick and expanded clay, construction sand, sand and gravel mixture, valuable agrochemical raw materials - sapropel, and innumerable reserves of peat. Huge resources of fresh, mineral and thermal underground waters, which are still used insignificantly.

Yugansky reserve

Obrazov in 1982 as the largest reserve of taiga landscapes. It occupies an area of ​​648.7 thousand hectares, has a two-kilometer protected zone along the perimeter with an area of ​​98.9 thousand hectares. The territory of the reserve includes part of the basins of the rivers Negusyakh and Small Yugan - the right tributaries of the Big Yugan. The central estate of the reserve is located on Utug, the largest of the nearby settlements. Not far from the boundaries of the reserve, along the rivers, a few Khanty families traditionally live.

The Yugansky reserve is located in the subzone of the middle taiga, where the most typical areas are hazel-moss dark coniferous forests in combination with long-moss and sphagnum forests. Along the valleys of rivers and streams, there are peculiar taiga formations - urmans, in which spruce or cedar predominate in the vicinity of fir, birch, mountain ash, bird cherry. Pine forests are also widespread, sometimes combined with sphagnum bogs (ryams). The slopes of the ridges and river valleys are covered with picturesque shrub forests with a predominance of lingonberries and wild rosemary. Birch-aspen forests with undergrowth of wild rose and goat willow are confined to river floodplains, combined with areas of meadow vegetation. Grass-forb, sedge-canary and marsh-sedge meadows stretch here.

About 40 species of taiga mammals live in the Yugansky Reserve. The most common are elk, brown bear, sable, squirrel, chipmunk, otter, pine marten, ermine, mountain hare, fox, Siberian weasel and wolverine. In some years, arrivals of arctic foxes and wild boars are noted. Acclimatized species - the muskrat and the American mink - are widely settled. The avifauna includes more than 180 species, of which the capercaillie, black grouse, hazel grouse, white partridge, sandpipers, woodcocks, snipe, ducks, predatory owls, cuckoos, woodpeckers predominate. There are also rare birds: eagle owl, black-throated diver, gray crane, black kite, goshawk, sparrow hawk, whooper swan, black swift.

Occasionally, birds listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation fall into the field of view of naturalists: white-tailed eagle, golden eagle, osprey, black stork, red-breasted goose, peregrine falcon. Reptiles are represented by the common viper and viviparous lizard, amphibians - by the Siberian frog and moor frog, Siberian salamander. On the territory of the reserve, ten species of fish are permanently inhabited. Pike, perch, ruffe, roach, ide, dace, golden and silver carp, as well as gudgeon and minnow are found in various reservoirs of the reserve. In the Bolshoy Yugan, nelma and burbot are sometimes caught.

Tsar. And you, my son, what are you doing? What's this?

Fedor. Drawing of the Moscow land; our kingdom

From end to end. You see: here is Moscow,

Here is Novgorod, here is Astrakhan. Here is the sea

Here are the dense forests of Perm, and here is Siberia.

A. S. Pushkin

The territory of Ugra is located in the depths of the largest continent and the largest state in terms of area, in the center of the West Siberian Plain, the largest in Asia (the geographical center of the West Siberian Plain is located in the south of the Nizhnevartovsk region at the head of the Kulegan River and has coordinates 60 0 N.L. and 76 0 E), on the banks of the mighty rivers - Ob and Irtysh. The Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Yugra is also the central region of the Urals Federal District - the center of the district is located in the Beloyarsky District at the head of the river. Un-Voshegan and has coordinates 62 0 30" N and 69 0 35" E.

KhMAO Distance

Our district is not the largest in area in the country, but a plane of local airlines will take about 4.5 hours to cover the distance from the western borders to the eastern ones. The area of ​​Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra is 534,800 km 2, which is larger than the administrative formations of the European part of Russia and the states of Europe, with the exception of Ukraine and France. From north to south, the district stretches for 900 km, from west to east - for 1400 km.

Borders of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

Extreme northern point of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug lies in the Berezovsky district, on the Narodoitinsky ridge and has the coordinates 65 0 43 "N and 62 0 E.

Westernmost point lies in the Berezovsky district on the Mon-Khamvo ridge and has the coordinates 63 0 01 "N and 59 0 48" E.

Extreme eastern point lies in the Nizhnevartovsk region on the watershed surface of the Vakh, Tankses and Sym rivers, and has the coordinates 61 0 28 "N and 85 0 58" E.

Extreme southern point lies in the Kondinsky district on the interfluve of the Kuma (right tributary of the Konda) and Noska (left tributary of the Irtysh) rivers and has the coordinates 58 0 35 "N and 66 0 21" E.

From the extreme northern point of the district to the Arctic Circle - 98 km, and from the extreme southern point of the district to the southern borders of Russia - 428 km.

The total length of the outer borders of the district is about 4733 km. In the north, Ugra borders on the watershed surfaces of the North Sosvinskaya and Poluiskaya uplands with the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (length about 1716 km), in the northwest, the border with a total length of about 590 km passes through the watersheds of the Urals with the Komi Republic, in the southwest - with Sverdlovsk region (about 597 km), in the south - with the Tyumen region (about 749 km), in the southeast with the Tomsk region (about 824 km) and in the east with the Krasnoyarsk Territory (about 257 km).

The distance from Khanty-Mansiysk in a straight line to Moscow is 2050 km, to St. Petersburg - 2130 km, to Yekaterinburg - 690 km, to Tyumen - 475 km, to Salekhard - 625 km.

Administratively, the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug is subdivided into 9 districts (see Appendix 1). Of these, the largest in terms of territory - Nizhnevartovsky district - covers an area of ​​​​117.31 thousand km 2, and the smallest - Oktyabrsky - 24.49 thousand km 2. There are 16 cities, 24 urban-type settlements, 173 rural settlements in the Okrug (see Table 1.1).

As of January 1, 2006, the permanent population of Yugra was 1473.8 thousand people.

1156.8 thousand people (78.7% of the total population) live in 16 cities of the district. Population density - 3.1 people. per 1 sq. km. Urban population (including urban-type settlements) - 1334.9 thousand people

Representatives of 123 nationalities live in the Okrug, including Slavic, Turkic, Finno-Ugric groups. According to the 2002 census, the national composition of the population of the district is dominated by: Russians, Ukrainians, Tatars, Bashkirs.

The Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug is the historical homeland of the indigenous (aboriginal) population, which is represented by three small ethnic groups. These are Khanty, Mansi and Forest Nenets . Their total number is about 1.5%.

Table 1.1

Population size and density by administrative districts of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

Districts and cities	Population at the beginning of 2006 (thousand people)	District area (thousand km 2)	Population density (person / km 2)
(no cities)	cities (separately)
Berezovsky district
Beloyarsky district Beloyarsky
Kondinsky district
Nefteyugansky district Nefteyugansk Pyt-Yakh
Nizhnevartovsky district Nizhnevartovsk Langepas Megion Pokachi Rainbow
Oktyabrsky district Nyagan
Sovietsky district Soviet Yugorsk
Surgutsky district Surgut Kogalym
Khanty-Mansiysk region Khanty-Mansiysk

Given the national composition of the district, the leading confessions are Orthodoxy and Islam.

The territory of Ugra lies in the fifth time zone, but its standard time is equal to the fourth time zone, so the difference with Moscow is 2 hours.

Geographical Center KhMAO located in the Surgut region, on the left bank of the river. Lyamin, in the swamp interfluve of the river. Yumayakh and its left tributary, its coordinates are 61 0 56" 46" N. and 70 0 37" 30" E.D. At 4.5 km to the west-north-west of the center there is a winter hut on the river. Lyamin. The distance in a straight line from the center of KhMAO to the city of Khanty-Mansiysk is 129 km, to the city of Surgut - 168 km and to the city of Nefteyugansk - 144 km.

The highest elevation of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - the highest peak of the Urals - Mount Narodnaya (1895 m).

The lowest absolute height in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug lies at the edge of the Ob River, when it goes beyond the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - 7 m.

General information

The Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug is a subject of the Russian Federation.

The Okrug is the original place of residence of the indigenous peoples of the Khanty and

Mansi. The territory of the Autonomous Okrug includes the territories of cities

district significance Beloyarsky, Kogalym, Langepas, Megion, Nefteyugansk,

Nizhnevartovsk, Nyagan, Pokachi, Pyt-Yakh, Rainbow, Surgut, Uray, Khanty-

Mansiysk, Yugorsk, territories of Beloyarsky, Berezovsky, Kondinsky,

Nefteyugansk, Nizhnevartovsk, Oktyabrsky, Soviet, Surgut,

Khanty-Mansiysk districts, settlements, villages, village councils and other settlements

points located within the boundaries of these areas.

Total municipalities-22. The county seat is the city

Khanty-Mansiysk. The actual population of the district as of 01.01.99 -1369.6

thousand people (preliminary data).

The territory of the district covers an area of ​​534.8 thousand sq. km.

Anty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is located in the middle part of Russia. He

occupies the central part of the West Siberian Plain.

The geographic position of the county is between 58 and 62 degrees north latitude. FROM

From north to south, the district extends for 900 km, from west to east for 1400 km.

The length of the outer borders of the district is 4750 km.

The district is located within one natural zone - forest. main part

The territory of the district is occupied by heavily swamped taiga. Among swamps and forests

there are more than 25 thousand lakes.

Two largest rivers of Russia flow through the territory of the district from south to north -

Ob and Irtysh. In addition, the most significant rivers of the district are

tributaries of the Ob: Vakh, Agan, Tromyogan, Bolshoi Yugan, Lyamin, Pim, Bolshoi Salym,

Nazim, Northern Sosva, Kazym; tributaries of the Irtysh: the rivers Konda, Sogom. Water

the regime of the rivers is characterized by extended spring-summer floods. spring

waters, spilling over the wide floodplains of the rivers, form extensive sors. river in winter

freeze for a long period - up to 6 months. On the formation of the climate

have a significant impact: the protection of the territory from the west of the Ural

ridge; the openness of the territory from the north, facilitating the penetration

cold arctic masses; flat terrain with large

number of rivers, lakes and marshes.

The climate of the district is sharply continental, characterized by a rapid change

weather conditions, especially during transitional periods - from autumn to winter and from spring

by the summer, and also during the day. Winter is harsh and long

stable snow cover, summer is short and relatively warm,

transitional seasons (spring, autumn) with late spring and early autumn

frosts.

The main dates in the history of the formation of the subject of the Russian Federation - Khanty-

Mansi Autonomous Okrug:

1708 - Siberian province was established by decree of Peter I

(it included the cities of Berezov, Surgut);

1775 - by decree of Catherine II, the Tobolsk province was created, which included

almost all of Western Siberia;

1918 - Tobolsk province was renamed Tyumen, and the provincial center

moved to Tyumen;

1923 - provinces, uyezds, volosts were abolished. Uralskaya

region, Tobolsk district and districts: Berezovsky, Surgutsky, Samarovsky,

Kondinsky;

1930 - Ostyako-Vogulsky (Khanty-

Mansi) is a national district with a center in the village. Samarovo (Khanty-Mansiysk);

1934 - in connection with the disaggregation of the Ural region, the Ob-Irtysh region was created

region with the center in Tyumen;

1934 - the district became part of the Omsk region;

1944 - by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Tyumenskaya

the region, which included the Khanty-Mansiysk National Okrug;

1977 - Khanty-Mansiysk National Okrug received autonomous status;

1993 - Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug received the status of a full-fledged

subject of the Russian Federation in accordance with Article 65 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

The symbols of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug are the coat of arms and the flag of the Okrug.

History of development of oil and gas fields.

It is no coincidence that in the minds of many Russians the concept of "Khanty-Mansiysk

autonomous okrug” and “oil” are perceived as synonyms – the okrug is

the main oil and gas region of the country.

The presence of oil and gas in the district was predicted by the academician

I.M. Gubkin in 1934. Drilling of reference wells began in 1951. 21

September 1953, an exploration well in the village of Berezovo gave a powerful

gas fountain, which was the beginning of a change in the life of the region and the economy of the entire

country. The systematic conduct of geophysical and drilling operations began in

Uraya) an oil-bearing reservoir was discovered with a daily oil production volume of over

the first industrial oil was obtained (daily flow rate over 10 tons).

In June 1960, from the R-6 well of the Shaim oil exploration expedition

hit a gusher of oil with a daily flow rate of 300 tons. The first was opened

Siberia field of industrial oil.

Then Ust-Balykskoye, Zapadno-Surgutskoye, Pokurskoye,

Vatinskoye, Mamontovskoye, Salymskoye, Pravdinskoye and many others

Place of Birth. In 1965, it became known about the discovery of the Samotlor

field, which in terms of oil reserves is among the top ten largest

deposits of the world. In 1964, the commercial exploitation of oil

district deposits. In the 1980s, the district was mined daily

about a million tons of oil.

High rates of development of the oil industry, construction, energy

led to rapid population growth (more than 1 million people per

last 30 years).

New cities have been built. Geological exploration is developing,

oil producing and oil refineries. Conducted in a short time

construction of oil and gas pipelines, roads and railways.

With the transition to market reforms in the country in the early 1990s,

significant changes in the economy of the district. Until 1996 there was

decline in oil production, then this process stabilized. but

At present, due to the crisis that has broken out on the world oil markets and

oil prices fell, production volumes had to be reduced again. But Khanty-

The Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug is still the main fuel

energy base of the country.

The economy of the district in the period from 1990-98 to the present. Peculiarities

the economy of the district.

1.1 Industry.

During the ten-year period of reforms, the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug not only

did not pass, as one might assume, looking at the sad example

most other subjects of the federation, but also largely strengthened its

positions. At present, the Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug, in terms of its economic

potential is among the top ten subjects of the Russian

Federation and ranks first in oil production, second in production

electricity, the third - for gas production.

It is in the oil industry that the main feature of its

development during the reform period. The specificity of the economy of the district is associated with the opening

here are the richest oil and gas fields. In the industry structure

industrial output of the district, the oil industry is

80.5%, and oil is currently almost the main source of

state budget revenues. Export of oil and gas annually brings

millions of dollars, and most of these millions were mined from the bowels of the Yugorskaya

earth. That is why KhMAO played in the economy of the USSR and plays in the economy

Russia one of the main roles.

In addition to the oil industry, a significant role in the economy of the district is played by

power industry - 12.6%, gas processing - 5.6%, logging

and woodworking industry - 0.4%, construction

materials - 0.4%.

The volume of industrial output produced at the enterprises of the district in 1997

year, amounted to 87 trillion rubles in current prices.

The table shows that the most unfavorable years, in terms of

production, steel 91, 92, 93. During this period, there was a decline in volumes

production and the relative deterioration of the overall picture of the economy of the district.

The main commodity producers were and remain large and medium

enterprises (98.7%). Small enterprises in 1997 produced industrial

products worth 1.1 trillion rubles, which is 1.3% of the total

district of industrial production. Index of physical volume

production in 1997 rose from 97.6% in 1996 to 101.7%.

Extraction and processing of oil and gas.

As mentioned earlier, the main feature of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous

district is that

the volume of oil extracted from its depths is about 57% of all oil,

mined in the Russian Federation, and about 5% of world production. Within the territory of

40 joint-stock enterprises are engaged in oil and gas production in the Okrug. Large

suppliers of hydrocarbon raw materials - joint-stock oil companies: "LUKOIL -

Western Siberia, Surgutneftegaz, Yukos, Tyumen Oil Company,

"Sidanko", "Slavneft".

Thanks to the legislative framework that has emerged over the years of reforms, regulating

the admission of foreign capital into the Russian economy, in the district were created

enterprises with foreign investment. Among the largest joint ventures

include "White Nights", "Vanyoganneft", "Chernogorskoe", "Vatoil".

Associated petroleum gas is processed by the joint-stock company

Sibneftegazpererabotka, which includes 8 plants with a total

processing over 16 billion cubic meters of gas per year. Search and exploration

minerals in the district are engaged in geological and geophysical

enterprises.

In 1998, 166.7 million tons of oil and 18.7

billion cubic meters of gas, which is respectively 99% and 99.9% of the 1997 level

of the year. The price of oil in 1998 fell by 40% on the foreign market, by

internal - by 20%. A sharp deterioration in the global oil market and

solvent demand for oil in the domestic market forced the management

companies to start implementing measures that imply a noticeable reduction

costs (reduction of capital construction, drilling, capital

well repairs).

Perspectives.

A decline in oil production is forecast for 1999 due to

consequences of the financial crisis of 1998, as well as the planned reduction

production associated with the natural deterioration of the quality of reserves at

exploited fields.

At present, in connection with military operations in Iraq and

Balkan crisis, world oil production declined, which

triggered an increase in oil prices. This good news for the oil

companies of the district, it would seem that they can somewhat mitigate the consequences of the crisis and

change the planned situation. However, most experts agree

the opinion that new oil quotes will not greatly affect the overall picture

declining production volumes.

The numbers do speak of a constant, steady decline in production:

Graph of oil production growth dynamics:

Power industry

Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug created one of the largest in the country

electric power complexes. Surgut GRES-1 and GRES-2 are

Europe's largest electricity producers. Nizhnevartovskaya GRES and

Surgut GRES operate on associated gas.

The power system of the district supplies electricity to the federal wholesale market in

57 energy systems of Russia and exports to 5 countries (Latvia, Ukraine,

Moldova, Kazakhstan, Belarus). The length of 35-500 kV overhead lines passing through

the territory of the district, is more than 12 thousand km along the highway. transformer

substations with voltage from 110 to 500 kV - 381 units, voltage from 10 to 35

Perspectives.

The crisis in the global oil market also affected the electricity sector.

production. In 1998, 50,633 million kWh were generated in the district as a whole.

electricity, which corresponds to the level of 1997. In 1998 by

Compared to 1990, electricity generated is 17.6% less. decline

level of electricity production is planned in the future. This

due to the lack of a sales market due to a decrease in consumption

electricity by oil and gas companies.

Timber industry complex

The timber industry complex of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug is represented by

logging and woodworking industries.

The district has established the production of building materials (window and door

blocks, railings, flights of stairs), production of planed moldings (floor

lath, sheathing board, platbands, plinth, curly lath), furniture

production.

More than thirty large and medium-sized enterprises are engaged in logging in the district.

logging companies. Since the beginning of the 90s, the volume of harvesting

wood decreased annually. There was a gap in the existing economic

ties, traditional markets were lost. In 1997, with an estimated

cutting area 22.7 million cubic meters m, the enterprises of the district harvested only 2.6 mln.

In general, in the district, the enterprises of the timber industry complex produced over

1997 marketable output for 309.3 billion rubles. Production of the most important

types of products in kind amounted to: commercial timber - 1226

thousand cubic meters m, lumber - 312 thousand cubic meters. m, sleeper - 441.8 thousand pieces,

joinery - 66.7 thousand cubic meters. m.

In the first half of 1998 compared to the corresponding period of 1997

the growth of production volumes of all types of products was achieved.

The production of higher quality, competitive products has been launched.

Enterprises that have managed to adapt to new market conditions are

replacement of old worn-out equipment with new ones based on progressive

technologies. But at the same time, technical re-equipment is slower.

logging enterprises, which in the future may serve as one of the

limiting factors for increasing production volumes in woodworking.

The shortage of raw materials for the woodworking industry is already felt in

Surgut and Nefteyugansk regions.

Due to the remoteness of the region from consumers of wood raw materials, harvesting and

its delivery due to high transport costs has become unprofitable.

Therefore, the issues of increasing the volume of wood processing in the district due to

construction of new enterprises have for the timber industry complex

counties of paramount importance.

Perspectives.

The most promising direction for the development of the timber industry complex in

district is to create a wood-chemical industry. Joint Stock

society "Giprobum" (St. Petersburg) on ​​behalf of the Administration of the Khanty-

Mansi Autonomous Okrug conducted a study of technical

opportunities and economic feasibility of construction in Khanty-

Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug of the Pulp and Cardboard Plant. Work in this

direction will continue.

Despite the fact that the share of products of the timber industry complex amounted to

1997, only 0.4% of the industrial output produced in the district,

industry has good prospects for further development, and its importance

for the economy of the district will increase as it develops.

Production of building materials.

Five house-building factories, three brick factories, two enterprises for

production of reinforced concrete products, five factories of building structures

and materials are annually capable of producing 43.3 million pieces of conditional bricks,

900 thousand cubic meters of precast concrete.

Prospects: Further intensive development of this industry is planned

industry, in view of the demand for its products, both domestically and internationally.

foreign market.

1.2 Agriculture.

The restructuring of socio-economic relations in the agricultural sector has led

in recent years to the deterioration of the situation in the industry. Decreased number

enterprises engaged in the production of agricultural products. Not

farming has also been properly developed.

In the period 90 - 97 years, the situation of agriculture in the district is constantly

worsened. The main indicators and production volumes were declining, and

The deplorable state of the industry was exacerbated by constant underfunding. But

against the backdrop of a general, catastrophic crisis in agriculture

countries, the state of enterprises of the agricultural sector of our district is relatively

satisfactorily. This is due to the good position of the district as a whole,

northern specifics of activity, as well as the fact that agriculture

never occupied a leading position in the economy of the district.

Currently, the agricultural sector of the district includes 117 enterprises and 720

peasant (farm) households.

In 1997, the gross agricultural output amounted to 378.7 billion rubles.

rubles or 100% of the volume of the previous year in comparable prices. Prices

sales increased in relation to the price level of the previous year by 15%.

More than 60 enterprises are engaged in the extraction and processing of fish.

About 20 types of food fish products are produced by fish processing plants and fish factories.

The largest of them: OJSC "Sibirskaya Ryba", Municipal Unitary Enterprise "Oktyabrsky Rybozavod",

JSC "Surgut fish factory", PK "Berezovskaya fishing artel".

The area of ​​reservoirs in which commercial fishing is carried out in the region,

is 5.8 million hectares. The basis of the catch is pike, carp, perch species of fish.

The catch of valuable whitefish species is 10% of the total catch.

The Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug occupies a leading position among

northern autonomous regions of Russia on cage fur farming. At twenty

farms grow silver-black and red foxes, arctic foxes, mink,

more than 30 thousand skins are sold annually. Leading fur farms:

state farm "Kazymsky", national company "Velpas", state farm "Karymsky", JSC

"Kondinsky KZPH".

Reindeer breeding is carried out in two state farms - "Saranpaulsky" and "Kazymsky".

The total number of deer is more than 30 thousand heads.

On 01.01.98 in the farms of all categories of cattle there were 30.4

thousand heads, pigs - 37.3 thousand heads, sheep and goats - 4 thousand heads. For 1997

weight) 11305 tons, which is 96% of the volume of the previous year,

milk 33888 tons or 94%.

More than 60 enterprises are engaged in animal husbandry. Up to 70% of milk is produced

municipal and auxiliary agricultural enterprises. Over 3500

kg of milk from a forage cow is annually received in MUP "Agronika", a joint venture

"Yugorsk". Shops for processing products have been built and are operating

animal husbandry in MUP "Agronika", MUP "Sovkhoz Severny", JSC "Sovkhoz

Kondinsky".

The basis of the district's poultry farming is 6 poultry farms with a total population of 30,000 chickens.

laying hens. The population of the district annually receives more than 40 million eggs.

A somewhat better situation developed in 1997 in crop production.

The sown areas of agricultural crops in personal subsidiary plots have increased.

farms and amounted to 7.4 thousand hectares, including potatoes - 6.2

thousand hectares. At the level of 1996, the volume of product sales was preserved.

The sown areas of the district occupy 11.3 thousand hectares. Main Industries

crop production in the district - potato and vegetable growing. Gross collection

potatoes - 22,692 centners; vegetables - 140,000 centners. Most of

potatoes and vegetables are grown in personal subsidiary plots and farms.

The production of vegetables in closed ground is carried out in subsidiary farms

Surgut, Uray, Yugorsk and the Surgut region. Potatoes are grown AO"

Peasant yard", state farm "Repolovsky" of the Khanty-Mansiysk region.

The private form of ownership prevails in the countryside. In non-state

sector in 1997 produced 90% of the total volume of potatoes, 94% of vegetables.

Perspectives.

In the future, there is no improvement in the situation, because internal

markets are shrinking, the purchasing power of the population is falling. Reduction

budget and, as a result, a reduction in subsidies for the development of agriculture

economy and a number of other negative factors - all this does not give grounds

expect improvements in the situation and stability of the agricultural sector.

But in addition to the reasons directly related to the economic crisis, it is necessary

It should also be noted that the development of agriculture is constrained by a number of

basic factors, among which one can single out the monopoly of procurement

organizations and processing enterprises, high prices for funds

production and services, low labor productivity in

agricultural enterprises.

1.3 Investments.

Over the past difficult years of economic reforms, the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous

the district has not only retained one of the highest production and

financial potentials among the regions of the Russian Federation, but also ranks

according to these indicators, a steady second place.

In 1994 -1998 through institutional, infrastructural

transformations in the Autonomous Okrug managed to significantly change (raise)

institutional and labor potential.

As a result, over three years, the integral investment rating of Khanty-

Mansi Autonomous Okrug rose from 45 (1996) to 6 (1998).

If the traditionally high potential of the Autonomous Okrug in past years

combined with a high level of risk, thanks to the great work done

in the district on the formation of the legal framework for supporting investment

activities, a well-thought-out policy of investing budgetary funds in

the most dynamic sectors of the economy (exploration and development of new

mineral deposits), development of favorable conditions for

creation and survival of small and medium-sized enterprises of industrial

orientation significantly decreased the level of investment risk (by 34

point) and allowed the Autonomous Okrug to rise in the list of regions with

the largest risk reduction from 49 to 2nd place. The region maintains a steady 2-

th place after Moscow in terms of the provision of the regional budget with its own

income. Ranked 11th out of 20 regions with the smallest decline

the physical volume of production.

In 1997-1998 Autonomous Okrug retains the leading 2nd place after

Moscow in terms of capital investments, including direct and

portfolio investments, primarily in oil and gas companies

| Regions with the highest | Change | Regions with the highest | Change |

| |1998/1997 | |1998/1997 |

| | yy. | | yy. |

| Yamal-Nenets Autonomous | 26 | Novosibirsk region | -5 |

| District | | | |

| Khanty-Mansiysk | 23 | Murmansk region | -5 |

| Autonomous Okrug | | | |

| Vologda region | 8 | Smolensk region |-4 |

Currently, the most attractive for investment are industries

oil production, oil and gas processing, exploration and production of solid minerals

minerals (gold, colored stones, optical quartz, etc.),

timber processing complex, which, thanks to ongoing activities in the district

investment policy for the first time in 1998 exceeded the indicators by 31.7%

Tasks and prospects.

From the foregoing, it follows that the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug has

high investment potential with moderate risk, which can be

be regarded as a potential pole for the growth of the Russian economy.

Thus, a rational combination of the possibilities of the federal and

regional legislation in the field of investment policy allowed

create conditions for the formation of a favorable investment climate in

region and attract investment in the real production sector. This

speaks of great prospects for the development of investment and financial

markets, both internal and external. This gives grounds

to believe that the district administration is interested in attracting

economy of the region, both domestic and foreign investment. For

creating a favorable investment climate in the region Administration

district is working to form a legal framework, stimulate intelligence

and development of new mineral deposits.

Formation of a regulatory framework for the creation of an attractive

investment climate in the district is one of the most important tasks,

the decision of which the Governor and deputies of the Duma of the Autonomous

districts. The normative acts being developed should be devoted to fixing

legal beginnings of the functioning of the economic system of the region on the principles

and conditions for conducting market policy.

Work on this issue is being carried out productively at the present time.

The following documents have already resulted in it:

Law "On investment activity in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous

nomokrug". According to this legal act, the state

support (investment-favored treatment) is carried out in

the following forms:

Providing funds from the district budget;

Providing tax incentives;

Provision of a tax investment credit.

For subjects of investment activity - legal entities, again

created exclusively for the implementation of an investment project,

the above law provides for a reduction in payments (rates) on taxes,

credited to the district budget, as well as to the Territorial Road Fund.

Agreement with the Federal Securities Commission:

Chairman of the Omsk Regional Branch of the Federal Commission for

Securities of Russia V.Yu. Sinyugin and Governor of Khanty-Mansiysk

Autonomous Okrug A.V. Filipenko. This document is intended to define the order

coordination of actions related to the development and functioning of the market

securities in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.

Under the Agreement, the Regional Office of the Federal Commission on Securities

securities of Russia and the Administration of the Autonomous Okrug intend to

cooperate in the development of market infrastructure.

Coordination of cooperation is entrusted to the Omsk regional branch

Federal Securities Commission of Russia.

The signing of this document once again testifies to the attention

which the Administration of the Autonomous Okrug renders to the formation and development

civilized relations in the securities market. Now an autonomous region

may benefit from the experience of the Federal Securities Commission in

attraction of investments, strengthening of financial security, formation

systems for collecting and distributing all information subject to disclosure and

many other questions.

All this confirms the serious interest of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug

to create an effective investment climate in the region, accelerate

development of the regional securities market, etc.

1.4 Finance.

According to the State Tax Service, the most significant for

budgetary system of Russia are revenues from 11 subjects of the Russian

Federations whose contribution to the revenue side of the federal budget is

over 66%. These included Moscow (30.9% of total receipts),

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (8.9%), Moscow Region (5.3%),

Sverdlovsk, Perm, Nizhny Novgorod, Samara regions, St. Petersburg,

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Republics of Bashkortostan and Tatarstan (1.5 -

According to the results of 1997, the consolidated budget of the district was executed with a deficit of

681.4 billion rubles The revenue part amounted to 28473.4 billion rubles, the expenditure

part - 29154.8 billion rubles. In the structure of consolidated budget revenues

the main part is tax revenues - 86% (24514.3 billion rubles).

When comparing the structure of the revenue side of the budget for 1996 and 1997, it can be seen that

that in 1997 the share of payments for the use of natural resources increased

(by 10%), VAT (by 2%); the share of property tax decreased (by 4%), tax

on profit (by 2%), non-tax revenues (by 1%), personal income tax

individuals (by 2%) and other income (by 1%).

In the structure of the expenditure side of the consolidated budget, the share of

spending on financing sectors of the economy (by 4%), transport, communications and

informatics (by 1%), spending on housing and communal services (by 5%), education (by

2%), healthcare (by 3%); spending remained at the same level

public administration, social policy, agriculture and

fishing.

The volume of the district's GDP in 1997 is estimated at 120 trillion. rubles or 21.5

billion dollars, which corresponds to the total financial turnover of 50-55

billion dollars a year. Cash turnover in dollar terms is

at least $11.5-12 billion per year. This is 3-5 times higher than the corresponding volumes

turnover in the territories of most subjects of the Russian Federation.

There are 19 resident banks and more than 90 branches on the territory of the district 24

largest banks in Russia. The total equity is about

trillion rubles. Many banks have general licenses from the Central Bank

Russia. The largest banks of the district: "Surgutneftegazbank", "Capital",

Khanty-Mansiysk Bank - included in the list of 100 largest banks in Russia.

Perspectives.

The protracted financial and economic crisis of the Russian economy is natural and

in the future will have a negative impact on the financial picture of the district.

Planned budget revenues will be reduced due to

insolvency of enterprises and it is unlikely that the budgets of the district for 99-

The year 2000 will be completed without a shortage of funds. Financial activity in

will largely depend on the situation in the oil market and world prices for

1.5 Foreign economic activity and interregional relations

Foreign economic activity of the district is a dynamically developing area

economy. In 1997, the enterprises of the district conducted business cooperation with

partner enterprises and organizations from 67 countries of the world.

The share of the district in Russia's foreign trade turnover in 1997 was 3.2%.

The total amount of proceeds from the export of goods and services of enterprises of the Khanty-

Mansi Autonomous Okrug in 1997 amounted to 3596.95 million dollars

USA. Imports of goods and services in 1997 amounted to 775 million US dollars.

The geography of exporters quite accurately coincides with the basing of the largest

oil-producing associations: 21% of the exports of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous

district accounts for Surgut and Nizhnevartovsk, 19% - for Nefteyugansk, 13% - for

Most of the exports are products of the oil and gas complex.

Enterprises in this industry are actively modernizing

production processes using imported technologies and

equipment.

The traditional export item of the district is timber and

woodworking industry. According to the totality of prerequisites, forest

the district complex has good development prospects, which is determined by

geographical location of the district, raw material base, high security

fuel and energy resources. Main exporting regions

timber industry - Soviet, Kondinsky and Oktyabrsky.

Main goals for the near future.

The main goal of the county government is to include the county's economy in

all-Russian and international division of labor, into the system of placement

production and productive forces, allowing to ensure economic

growth and solving social problems.

1.6 Transport

Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, the main transportation of goods falls on

water and rail transport, 29% is transported by road

transport and 2% - aviation.

There are 13 airports in the district. The population of the district is served by 25

airlines. The Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug is connected by air with 50

airports in Russia, near and far abroad countries. Among them: Moscow,

St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Tallinn, Sochi. Airports in Kogalym and

Raduzhny have international status.

Railway

The total length of railway lines is 1073 km. Railway on

The district is divided into three directions:

"Tyumen - Pyt-Yakh - Surgut - Kogalym - Novy Urengoy" with a branch to

Nizhnevartovsk;

"Ekaterinburg - Ivdel - Soviet - Nyagan - Priobye" with a branch to

"Yekaterinburg - Tavda - Mezhdurechensky".

The main volume of freight and passenger traffic, communication with major

cities, industrial centers of Russia is carried out by the Surgut branch

Sverdlovsk railway.

The largest railway junctions: Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk, Pyt Yakh,

Kogalym, Nyagan. The Surgut railway bridge is considered the largest in

Asian part of Russia.

Automobile transport

The length of paved roads is 9214 km. Main

highway linking the district with other territories of Russia,

passes through Nefteyugansk, Tobolsk and Tyumen. Roads are being built to connect

district with Tomsk and Sverdlovsk regions. Passes through the district

federal highway from Tyumen to Khanty-Mansiysk (via

One of the largest motor transport enterprises is an open joint stock

company "Severavtotrans", which includes 26 enterprises, of which

20 are in the county.

On the territory of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug in the traffic police

447.5 thousand vehicles were registered, including 264.6 thousand

cars.

Water transport

The navigable rivers of the district are the Ob and Irtysh, as well as the tributaries of the Ob: Vakh, Agan,

Tromyegan, Bolshoi Yugan, Lyamin, Pim, Bolshoi Salym, Nazim, Northern Sosva,

Kazym; tributaries of the Irtysh: the rivers Konda, Sogom, etc.

The length of the navigable waterways of the district is about 5 thousand km.

The navigation period lasts less than 6 months.

In the district, cargo transportation is carried out by three river shipping companies - the Irtysh,

Ob-Irtysh and West Siberian. To coordinate the implementation of

transportation of passengers and cargo was established in 1998 by OAO Severrechflot. From

five main river ports through which cargoes are brought to the north,

the largest volume of transportation is carried out from Surgut and Khanty-Mansiysk

The Irtysh and the Ob connect the settlements of the district with such large Siberian

cities such as: Omsk, Tobolsk, Salekhard, Tomsk, Novosibirsk.

Registered in the Khanty-Mansiysk District Department of the State River

The fleet of 575 shipowners (more than 2.5 thousand units) costs the shipping inspection.

Ensuring safe navigation on the rivers of the Autonomous Okrug is engaged in

Khanty-Mansiysk District Department of Waterways and Shipping.

Telecommunications

The Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug is provided with high-quality telephone communications.

Automated digital telephone exchanges of firms have been installed in cities

Alcatel Bel (Belgium) and Italtel (Italy). District bound automatic

communication with 150 countries of the world.

The largest communications company is Khantymansiyskokrtelecom JSC,

involved in the operation and development of telecommunications networks.

More than 70 enterprises of the district have licenses from the State Committee for Communications.

Currently, cellular communication operates in the cities of Khanty-Mansiysk, Surgut,

Kogalym, Megion, Nizhnevartovsk, Langepas, Nefteyugansk.

Main oil and gas pipelines

A whole network of oil and

gas pipelines. Among them are such well-known oil pipelines as: "Nizhnevartovsk -

Anzhero-Sudzhensk - Irkutsk"; "Surgut - Polotsk"; "Nizhnevartovsk-Samara - Ust-

Balyk - Omsk"; gas pipelines "Urengoy - Pomary - Uzhgorod"; "Urengoy -

Chelyabinsk". The total length of pipelines in the district

is 66 thousand kilometers.

Features of the social sphere of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.

A big feature of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug is

stable position of the branches of the social sphere of life, in particular

social protection of the population, its medical care, as well as

construction of social facilities and provision of housing for the population

districts. The overall demographic and social picture of the district looks quite

satisfactory, especially against the background of simply catastrophic

deterioration of the situation in other subjects of the federation.

During the period of reforms, the social sphere has certainly experienced many

difficulties. However, despite the problems, work in this direction was carried out,

and currently the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug has everything

necessary for a normal life: comfortable housing, hospitals, houses

culture, theaters, shops, schools, kindergartens, sports and

health-improving complexes, hotels. Young northerners can continue

their education in higher educational institutions of the district - institutes,

universities. The district has a developed network of social service institutions (centers

urgent social assistance, social assistance to families and children, social

care, rehabilitation of children, family planning and reproduction

person, nursing homes for the elderly and lonely), which provides

social protection and adaptation of certain categories of the population.

housing construction

The share of capital investments in the construction of social facilities in 1997

increased compared to 1996.

2067 billion rubles of capital were spent on housing construction

investments, for the construction of secondary schools - 363.9 billion rubles,

preschool institutions - 67.1 billion rubles, healthcare facilities - 560.2

billion rubles.

In the past year, enterprises and organizations of all forms of ownership

commissioned residential buildings 472.9 thousand square meters (95% compared to last year). Rates

housing construction per capita in the county were higher than

on average in Russia.

COMMISSIONING OF HOUSING PER CAPITA,

sq. m per capita

| |1990 |1991 | 1992 |1993 |1994 |1995 |1996 |1997 |

| Russia | |0.16 |0.28 |0.28 |0.26 |0.28 |0.23 |0.22 |

| Khanty-M | 0.71 | 0.5 | 0.42 | 0.48 | 0.39 | 0.52 | 0.36 | 0.35 |

|Ansiysk| | | | | | | | |

| th | | | | | | | | |

| autonomous | | | | | | | | |

| ny | | | | | | | | |

| District | | | | | | | | |

In many areas of the district, the volume of built housing exceeded the level

1996, at the same time in the cities of Lyantor and Pokachi, the commissioning of residential buildings for

the past year was not.

The main input was carried out by enterprises and organizations related to

mixed form of ownership.

Compared to 1996, the construction of housing by individual

developers. In 1997, they commissioned residential buildings with a total area of ​​32.4

thousand square meters, which is 13.9% more than in 1996.

Of social facilities in the past year compared to 1996, 6

times increased the number of pre-school institutions - 794 places. Introduced

general education schools for 7958 student places (117.8% compared to 1996),

hospitals with 227 beds (2 times more than in 1996), outpatient

polyclinic institutions for 651 visits per shift.

Demography

Demographic processes in the district until the end of the 80s developed according to

scenario typical for most areas of intensive economic

development. The main population growth - 82% - accounted for migration,

the intensity of which was extremely high: the gross migration turnover

averaged about 20%. However, the efficiency of migration was low

twenty%; this means that only 20 out of 100 arrivals remained in

region. Things have changed since the early 1990s.

| Years | Natural growth | Migration growth |

| | population | population |

| | (person) | (person) | |

| 1990 | 16458 | 2278 |

| 1991 | 13176 | -18448 |

| 1992 | 8717 | -9932 |

| 1993 | 5130 | 5339 |

| 1994 | 5183 | 3379 |

| 1995 | 4377 | 1901 |

| 1996 | 4961 | 2758 |

The district, in contrast to the country as a whole, is not yet characterized by a trend

decrease in the absolute population, by natural increase

population, the district ranks second among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Negative demographic trends: declining birth rate, rising mortality

and as a result, a reduction in natural population growth - there are also

in our district.

The situation that has developed in the district as a whole is typical for all cities and towns.

districts of the district. Considering the demographic processes in individual cities and

areas of our district, it should be noted that the birth rate has dropped significantly

in rural areas. These are such districts as Sovetsky (35.1%), Nefteyugansky

Khanty-Mansiysk (44.1%). (In parentheses are the number of births in 1997

as a percentage of 1989).

At the average district level, mortality is noted in the cities of Kogalym,

Nefteyugansk, Nyagan, Urai, Khanty-Mansiysk, above the average district - in

Surgut and Beloyarsk districts, Beloyarsky.

PERCENTAGE OF DECLINE IN POPULATION NATURAL GROWTH

IN 1997 RELATED TO 1989

| | Territory |

| 50 percent | g.Kogalym, g.Langepas, Nizhnevartovsk region | |

| by 60 percent | g.Megion, g.Raduzhny, g.Surgut | |

| 70 percent | Nefteyugansk, Nizhnevartovsk, Nyagan, | |

| | g.Beloyarsky, Surgut region | |

| 80 percent | g.Uray, Nefteyugansk region | |

| 90 percent | Oktyabrsky district, Soviet district | |

In some areas, there is a decrease in the absolute number

population as a result of natural decline, which is determined by the excess

the number of deaths over the number of births.

EXCESS OF THE NUMBER OF DEAD OVER THE NUMBER OF BIRTH

| Territories | 1993 |1994 |1995 |1996 |1997 |

| Khanty-Mansiysk | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.4 | |

| R. Berezovsky | | |1,1 |1,0 |1,1 |1,2 |

| R. Kondinsky | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 |

|R.Khanty-Mansiysk| |1,3 |1,3 |1,4 |1,3 |

Standards of living.

In the county, the average monthly per capita income for 1997 was

2881.3 thousand rubles The largest revenues come from the oil

territory. The lowest incomes are among residents of agricultural and

timber processing areas - Kondinsky district, Khanty-Mansiysk district,

Soviet district, Oktyabrsky district.

One of the main sources of income for most of the working population

county continues to remain wages.

In 1997, the proportion of working pensioners increased compared to the previous year

year by 2.5% and amounted to 35.5% of the total number of pensioners.

Autonomous Okrug "On the subsistence minimum". In accordance with this Law

The Labor Department of the District Administration calculates quarterly

the amount of the subsistence minimum budget, which is approved by the resolution

Governor of the Autonomous Okrug.

RATIO BETWEEN SALARY, PENSION

AND THE LIVING MINIMUM

| | Value | | | Value | | |

| | between s / n and | | | between | |

| | subsistence | | pension and | | |

| | Minimum | | subsistence | |

| | | | Minimum | |

| | 1996 | 1997 | 1996 | 1997 |

| By district | 4.0 | 3.2 | 0.71 | 0.65 |

| In Russia | 2.7 | 2.9 | 0.85 | 0.88 |

The table shows that the standard of living of the working part of the population of the district in

1997 remained higher than the average for Russia, and the standard of living

pensioners remained below the national average.

Unemployment.

Another important feature of the development of the district in the reform period

is a relatively low unemployment rate. While

unemployment grew across Russia at a terrifying pace, in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

The picture of employment of the population worsened on a lesser scale. This is explained

the fact that the employment of the economically active population is associated with mining,

preparation, processing and transportation of hydrocarbon raw materials, with

related industries and enterprises providing the process

the life of the region. The unemployment rate in the county, calculated as

the ratio of the number of unemployed to the number of economically active

the situation began to deteriorate significantly, mainly due to the crisis

oil industry and the consequences of this process - mass

job cuts. The number of unemployed increased from 25,000 over the year.

people to 35.7 thousand people, or by 42.8%.

And in Berezovsky, Kondinsky, Oktyabrsky, Khanty-Mansiysk and Soviet

area, the unemployment rate began to significantly exceed the national average and

average district indicator and is respectively 14.5%, 14.2%,

12.2%, 12%, 9.1%. Among the unemployed registered with the employment service for

01/01/99, women make up 61%, young people - 35.6%, graduates of various

educational institutions - 5.9%.

Age composition of the unemployed

| Age | Number | in % of |

| | unemployed, | total number |

| | thousand people | unemployed |

| 16-29 years | 12.7 | 35.6 |

| from 30 years to pre-retirement age | 21.1 | 58.9 |

| Pre-retirement age | 1.9 | 5.5 |

| (for 2 years before the statutory | | |

| age) | | | |

Social protection of the population.

The system of social protection of the population as a new industry arose in the district in

1992 and quickly developed into a multi-faceted organizing service

normal life of the elderly, the disabled, children in difficult

situations. Such areas as pensions,

cash assistance system, in-kind assistance, social services and

benefits, inpatient care, legal support of social

guarantees, staffing. The source of funding is the district

and local budgets. Pension provision According to the Pension Program

reforms in the Russian Federation, voluntary

additional pension provision through

non-state pension funds. Registered and passed in the county

licensing in the Inspectorate of the NPF under the Ministry of Labor and Social

development of the Russian Federation, four NPFs and one branch of a non-state pension fund.

pension funds on the territory of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug.

No. 543 "On Priority Measures for the Implementation of the World Declaration on

1996 No. 712 "On the main directions of the state family

policy" childhood problems are recognized as a priority at the federal and

regional levels, in particular in the formation of budgets, distribution

material and financial resources, organization and development of production,

investing in social programs.

In recent years, a number of regulatory documents have been adopted, including the Federal

having children", aimed at the social protection of children, introduced

state allowances for children and compensation payments to family members.

Benefits are increased from time to time as the cost of living rises.

protection allows you to streamline the payment of benefits, strengthen control over

correct spending of budgetary funds, eliminate double payments.

Social services for the population

The current system of social services in the county

"On the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation". social network

institutions and services in the district has been developing since 1992. These are institutions

inpatient and outpatient services for the elderly, disabled and families with

children. Their number has increased from 10 to 92 in 6 years, i.e. 9 times.

In 1997, the Program for the Development of the Material and Technical Base was refined

social service institutions until 2001. In accordance with this

program expenses for the development of the material and technical base of institutions

social services will amount to 5% of the district's capital investments per year.

A new form of social service for the lonely is actively developing

elderly and disabled citizens - home care service. On the

07/01/98 2097 citizens were served at home and another 1419 people were in

queues for home service.

Social support for families, women and children

To form an integral system of social policy in the field of support

families, women and children

the following tasks and activities:

analysis of trends in the social development of childhood in the district and

development of regional standards for ensuring its well-being and

security;

reducing the scale of social orphanhood, expanding the state

support for new forms of family education for children who have lost parental

care;

development of a draft district law "On State Family Policy

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.

Social and material assistance to veterans and the disabled

Several targeted programs have been adopted and are being implemented in the district: about veterans

labor, on improving the living conditions of war veterans, Afghans,

Chernobyl and others. The source of financing is 2% of the expenditure

parts of the district and local budgets, as determined by the decision of the III session

District Council of People's Deputies of the Autonomous Okrug dated 12.02.93. except

In addition, target programs are financed separately from the budget.

The main types of assistance are: additional payment to pensions, allowances, one-time

assistance, free meals, subsidies for utilities, fuel,

preferential travel on transport and others.

Since 1993, at the expense of the district budget, disabled people have been provided

means of transportation.

Medical and social expertise of the population

Medical and social expertise as an independent service of the Khanty-Mansiysk

Autonomous Okrug began to function in 1993. Currently

medical and social expertise is as close as possible to the population of the district for

account of the vigorous activity of the primary offices of ITU and the specialized

ophthalmic. Expert assistance to the population of the district is provided by 13 bureaus

medical and social expertise, of which 1 specialized ocular

values, 1-higher general profile and 1-specialized pediatric.

Organizations

One of the hallmarks of civil society is the creation and

functioning of free associations of citizens, which include

public associations. The right to form public associations

citizens is provided for by the Constitution and legislation of the Russian

Federation.

Autonomous Okrug registered 772 public associations. Actually

in fact, in the cities and villages of the district there are much more of them, but, not having enough

complete information about them, we will present a socio-political map of the district,

based only on those that are officially registered. For the most

For a clear and understandable description of these associations, we introduce two features:

territorial, consisting in the geography of the activity of one or another

public association.

Our district, despite the decline in the birth rate in recent years, still has

predominantly young population, which is confirmed by the presence

a fairly large number of sports associations, clubs, federations

sports, of which there are 181. Almost a third of them - 58 - are located in Surgut,

38 - district, in Nizhnevartovsk - 16, Nefteyugansk - 15. Far beyond

outside of our district know about our biathletes, boxers, football players,

volleyball players, wrestlers, dancers, chess players and relevant federations

sports in the area. Recently registered sports associations

billiard players in Surgut, regional federations of motorsport, drafts sports,

federation of kickboxing in Nizhnevartovsk, federation of artistic gymnastics in

Nyagan, sports and technical club "Motors C-2" in Megion and many others.

No less numerous are trade unions - their

registered in District 170. The largest number of unions in

Nizhnevartovsk - 31, Nefteyugansk and Khanty-Mansiysk - 22 each, Raduzhny - 17,

Kogalym - 16, in Surgut and Nefteyugansk district - 11 each, district - 8.

The most numerous are the trade unions of oil, energy and transport workers. IN

recently formed and registered working in many cities

and settlements trade unions of tax authorities, enterprises of social

Among the district associations of trade unions, the following are best known: Khanty-

Mansiysk District Association of Trade Union Organization (Chairman Sivash

F.G.) and the Electric Trade Union "Tyumenenergo" (Smirnov L.G.), District Committee

trade union of workers of physical culture, sports and tourism (Karplyukov

A.N.), Khanty-Mansiysk District Association of Trade Union Organizations

flight personnel and aviation workers (Lupenko N.L.), trade union of military personnel

Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug (Shishkin A.A.), trade union of workers

culture (Koshkina G.B.), trade union of science and education workers (Asaulenko

In recent years, social associations have rapidly developed in the district.

protection of certain groups of the population, many of them are registered in the district

Department of Justice. There are 76 such associations in total, including 13 district ones,

the same number operate in Surgut, 12 - in Nizhnevartovsk, 9 - in

Nefteyugansk. Most famous in the district and outside the association

old-timers of our cities, associations of disabled people, Chernobyl victims, veterans

the wars in Afghanistan, the movement for the protection of the northerners, the movement against drugs,

"Anti-AIDS", consumer protection societies and many others. Activity

these public organizations is extremely important, and it is

supported by municipal and county governments.

It is impossible not to name the women's associations, which are 18 in the district. Their activities

noticeable in almost all areas of the district. In May 1997 in Khanty-

Mansiysk hosted the conference "Woman and Politics", which included

almost all the leaders of the women's movement are represented, and not only Ugra, but

and other regions of Russia. Chairman of the Association of Women's Organizations

of our region is the Deputy Chairman of the Duma of the Autonomous Okrug

L.A. Chistov.

Similar in their functions to the just named charitable foundations,

of which there are 36 in the district, including 11 - district, 8 created in Surgut, 7 - in

Nizhnevartovsk. Charitable foundations provide financial assistance

various socially significant initiatives, vulnerable groups

population.

In almost every territory there are organizations of war veterans,

labor and law enforcement agencies, there are 21 of them in the district. The activities of these

public associations has more than one decade. unnecessarily

remind that these people gave their strength and health to the country and

certainly deserved a better share than they have today. Realizing your

responsibility to the future of Russia, veterans lead a patriotic,

cultural and educational work, convey professional and vital

youth experience. This work deserves great public attention,

approval and encouragement.

Military-patriotic associations, of which 44 are registered in the district,

as well as veterans, they do a lot of work among young people, as well as

provide comprehensive assistance to participants in armed conflicts and

disabled people. These are various organizations of soldiers-internationalists, associations

reserve officers, etc. We also included here the organizations of the Russian Defense

sports society.

The work of creative associations, which have

there are several groups of us in the district: creative unions - 21, scientific and technical

associations - 4, cultural and spiritual organizations - 23. Among this group

public associations, the most notable are: "Masters of decorative and

applied arts of Ugra", unions of artists, writers, journalists,

associations of psychologists, educators and sociologists. The largest number of these

organizations are concentrated in large cities of the district and in the district center.

The participation of the population in the work of these public associations helps to reveal

creative potential of the individual, communication with colleagues in the creative "workshop"

enriches each participant, promotes creative growth.

In public organizations formed by interests, it is also disclosed

creative potential of the individual. In this group of social movements we

81 associations were assigned. To make it clear which associations we are talking about,

to name just a few of them: societies of fishermen and hunters, societies

animal lovers, associations of motorists, radio amateurs, book lovers and

etc. These social movements help people to spend leisure time together,

solve problems related to their common interests, make the lives of the members of these

associations more saturated and bright. It is especially important that in many of these

associations includes youth.

The next group of public associations are national-cultural,

of which there are 44 in the district. Among them, the association of the aboriginal population -

Association "Salvation of Yugra" (President Gogoleva T.S.). The work of this

socio-political organization is well known to the residents of Khanty-

Mansi region. Association members are representatives of creative,

scientific intelligentsia, deputies of the Duma of the Autonomous Okrug and representative

authorities of municipalities.

To the same group of public associations, we attributed the national-cultural

autonomy of various national groups of the population of the district, national

cultural centers, communities, societies. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

characterized by a multinational composition of the population. It presents

the majority of nationalities living in the Russian Federation and beyond

outside, so the process of creating national-cultural societies is

quite a natural process.

Sociological research conducted by us in the last 3 years,

indicate that participation in the work of national-cultural

associations for 3/4 of the respondents - the opportunity to join their

national culture, for half of the respondents - the desire to receive

information from their native places and the opportunity to communicate in their native language. About

a third are counting on resolving business issues with fellow countrymen, hoping

get support and help from fellow tribesmen in a difficult life situation,

satisfy the need to communicate with fellow believers. Desire is also important

to join the national culture of the wife (husband) and find a marriage partner

for their children, etc.

And, finally, about the political organizations of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous

districts, of which 34 are registered. The most influential of them is

movement "Our Home - Russia". In addition to the district organization of this movement,

registered in Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk, Khanty-Mansiysk, Kogalym,

Nyagan, Megion, Yugorsk, Oktyabrsky, Berezovsky and Kondinsky districts.

The LDPR has a regional organization registered in Surgut,

city ​​organizations in Nefteyugansk, Khanty-Mansiysk, regional - in

Surgut region. The CPRF also has a regional organization,

registered in Nefteyugansk, urban - in Surgut and Megion.

Three more all-Russian parties have district branches: the Agrarian Party of the Russian Federation,

"Democratic Choice of Russia", Russian People's Republican Party.

In addition, in Nyagan there is a city branch of the all-Russian movement

"Forward, Russia!", in Urai - the city branch of the PRES party, in Nefteyugansk

- branch of the all-Russian movement "Reforms - a new course", in Kogalym -

branch of the national-patriotic movement "Russian National Unity"

(RNU). The Ugra Committee is registered in the district and in some territories

in support of the President of the Russian Federation and the regional public institution "People's

The characterization of the socio-political map of the district will be incomplete if

do not represent religious organizations registered in the territory

districts. Religion, as you know, is separated from the state, but not from

civil society, it influences many people, and religious

communities play a vital role in shaping the social structure

population.

LIST OF RELIGIOUS COMMUNITIES REGISTERED WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE

KHANTY-MANSIYSKY AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT

| Right-|Evange-|Musul-|Krish-|Witnesses | Bapti-|Nontradi-|Total |

| glorious | personal | mansky | naita | Jehovah | | |

| | | | | | | tional | |

|38 |8 |9 |1 |3 |2 |2 |63 |