The hut on the eastern shore of Lake Razliv was V.I.’s second refuge. Lenin in the vicinity of Sestroretsk in July-August 1917. Before this, the future leader of the October Revolution was hiding in the barn of Sestroretsk arms factory worker N.A. Emelyanov, but soon government agents appeared in the vicinity of Lenin’s refuge. This forced Lenin and G.E., who accompanied him. Zinoviev to move to a more secluded place.

Under the guise of mowers - Finns, Emelyanov transported the Bolshevik leaders to the forested bank of the Razliv. A few tens of meters away from him there was a clearing, a haystack and a hut. Lenin and Zinoviev lived there until August 1917, when the Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party decided to transport Lenin to Finland.

In Razliv, Lenin wasted no time in writing his book “State and Revolution,” which became one of the classic Marxist works. A boy, Yemelyanov’s son, brought food to the exiles.

In subsequent years, Lenin's epic in Razliv was forgotten. They remembered it only in 1924, after the death of the leader, when the aforementioned G.E. Zinoviev laid the foundation for Soviet Leninism in order to secure the laurels of Lenin’s closest associate. Nikolai Emelyanov spoke about Lenin’s stay in Razliv at one of the mourning rallies, after which an initiative appeared to perpetuate “Ilyich’s last underground.”

This project was completed three years later. On the tenth anniversary of the October Revolution, the monument to Lenin in Razliv was laid, and on July 15, 1928 it was unveiled. Architects A.I. Gegello and A.L. Rogach created a granite hut with an embossed memorial inscription:

“In the place where in July and August 1917, in a hut made of branches, the leader of the world October revolution hid from the persecution of the bourgeoisie and wrote his book “State and Revolution,” we erected a hut made of granite in memory of this. Workers of the city of Lenin. 1927."

Along with the monument, a pier was laid at the place where the boat with Lenin landed on the shore. A path led from it to the monument. For a long time, visitors reached Lenin’s hut by water. In addition, the monument was located on the territory of a fortified area in the border zone. Tourist access to the hut was limited.

During the Great Patriotic War Awards were given to distinguished soldiers and officers at the monument Soviet army, guards banners were presented, the soldiers took the military oath.

In 1955, a museum was built near the granite monument and a copy of Lenin’s hut made of hay was recreated. A road was built to the memorial complex, along which tourists and official delegations rushed. Lenin's hut in Razliv has become one of the most famous monuments of the USSR.

In post Soviet time the memorial in Razliv was forgotten, and a copy of the hut was burned several times. Today, Shalash again attracts many tourists from our country and foreign countries interested in revolutionary history Russia.

More on the topic:

Vladimir Ilyich Lenin ended up in Razliv in July 1917. He got here from his last official apartment, which was located on Shirokaya Street (now Lenin Street).

Vladimir Ilyich was registered with his older sister Anna and her husband,” says Nelly Privalenko, head of the Elizarovs’ apartment-museum. - After July crisis when Lenin was announced German spy and a warrant was issued for his arrest, it became dangerous to remain in Petrograd. Lenin brushed his teeth, drank tea and left. He never returned to his sister’s apartment. And his toothbrush is still kept here.

Vladimir Ilyich, together with his comrade-in-arms Grigory Zinoviev, went to a safe house on 10th Rozhdestvenskaya Street (now 10th Sovetskaya), where the family of the worker Alliluyev (the future father-in-law of Joseph Stalin) lived. Lenin lived here for three days. Before leaving, he shaved off his beard and mustache, put on a wig and cap and went to the railway station. By the way, the “Leninist” razor is still kept in the Alliluyevs’ apartment-museum and is one of the main exhibits.

Remember Lenin
The leadership of the Bolshevik Party instructed Nikolai Emelyanov, a worker at the Sestroretsk arms factory, to give shelter to Vladimir Ulyanov and Grigory Zinoviev.

Early in the morning of July 8, Lenin left at Razliv station.
“The worker Emelyanov had a barn, in the attic of which Lenin and Zinoviev were lodged,” says Natalya Kovalenko, director of the Historical and Cultural Museum Complex in Razliv. - The barn was reconstructed several times, the logs were sorted, but overall it remained in approximately the same form as it was. Utensils were stored in one of the rooms. In the summer, the Emelyanovs renovated the house and moved to the barn. Emelyanov’s wife cooked here, the children slept in the attic. The original items that have survived are the stove and the staircase. Lenin used it to climb up to the attic. We don’t allow anyone upstairs, we are afraid that the stairs, which are more than a hundred years old, will break and one of the visitors will get hurt.
Now in the "Barn" there is a museum exhibition.

In Soviet times, we were subordinate to Moscow,” continues Natalya Kovalenko. - And after the collapse of the USSR, for a long time the museum was not financed by anyone. We became a legal organization only in 2005. Repairs have begun. I remember how people came here in the evenings and demanded that “The Barn” be opened. The guests wanted to have a drink and a snack at the table where Lenin was sitting. I kicked them out. They offered money and didn’t understand why they couldn’t. “But before they always let us in!” - they said.

It was in Razliv that a rare photograph was taken in which Lenin is depicted without a mustache and beard.
“The photo was needed for a pass to the Sestroretsk arms factory and to enter Finland,” says Natalya. - But Lenin never used this document. The person depicted should be without a headdress, but Lenin was photographed wearing a cap. So the pass was invalid.

Hut
It was dangerous to stay in the village. Emelyanov spread a rumor that he was buying a cow and hired “Chukhons” - Finns from neighboring villages. Lenin and Zinoviev were transported by boat to the deserted shore of Lake Razliv.
“This boat has been preserved and is now in the museum pavilion,” says Natalya Kovalenko. - Lenin was often depicted standing on the banks of the Razliv in a three-piece suit. But here he walked like a Finnish peasant - in old clothes and boots. And he left for Finland, disguised as a fireman.

The hut is restored every five years
Naturally, the hut in which Lenin hid has not survived. But it is constantly being restored. Such a structure “lives” from three to five years. According to the employees of the complex, within a few years the hay will dry out and begin to sprout flowers.
Now on the territory of the museums "Barn" and "Shalash" plaster, iron and bronze busts and monuments. The “Historical and Cultural Museum Complex” hopes that in a few years a “Park of the Soviet period” will be opened here; the project is in development.

The worker who hid Lenin was repressed

At the beginning of July 1917, the Bolsheviks became involved in anti-government protests under the slogans of transferring power to the Soviets and negotiating peace with Germany. The armed demonstration led by the Bolsheviks escalated into skirmishes, including with troops loyal to the Provisional Government.

On July 7, the Provisional Government ordered the arrest of Lenin and several of his associates on charges of treason and organizing an armed uprising. Lenin went underground again.

A worker at the Sestroretsk arms factory, Nikolai Emelyanov, with whom Lenin was hiding in Razliv, was arrested in 1935 on charges of supporting the Trotskyist-Zinoviev opposition and sentenced to 10 years in prison. Two years later the prison was replaced by exile. Released in 1940. In 1945, Emelyanov and his wife returned to Razliv, where their house was returned to them. In 1946-1949 he was in charge of the "Barn" museum. In the 1950s, he was completely rehabilitated and his personal pension was returned.

You should definitely start walking around Revolutionary Petersburg from Lenin’s Hut in Razliv. Just kidding, Lenin’s Hut is a place that you can’t go to on purpose; it’s worth visiting while passing through on the way to the beaches of Solnechny or Zelenogorsk. Oddly enough, this remote place is one of Lenin's most famous places. Lenin's hut is located near the village of Tarkhovka, you can get there along Primorskoye Highway or by train towards Zelenogorsk.

In the summer of 1917, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin hid in a hut from the Provisional Government, pretending to cut hay. Lenin was declared a German spy, and he needed to dig in in the vicinity of St. Petersburg. They found a place in the barn of the revolutionary worker Nikolai Emelyanov, but life in the village was unsafe. Therefore, Lenin and Zinoviev were taken by boat through the flood to a clearing with uncut grass, on which a hut was erected for them. Lenin and Zinoviev portrayed Finns harvesting grass. Lenin did not know how to mow, and Zinoviev did not want to. After the revolution, so that the secret of Lenin, who did not know how to mow grass, who raised the people to rise up virgin soil, would not be revealed, Zinoviev was shot in 1936. They began to hide the information that Lenin did not live alone in the hut. They made him into a revolutionary hero who went through fire, water, copper pipes and a hut in Razliv.

From July 10 to August 8, Lenin lived like in a resort near Sestroretsk, he had two stumps in the forest, which was called the “Green Cabinet.” While working in the Green Cabinet, Lenin wrote part of the text of the book “State and Revolution”.

Now there are two huts in Razliv. One of them is a reconstruction of Lenin’s hut, the second is a monument. The granite monument to Lenin's Hut was erected 4 years after the leader's death by "the workers of the city of Leningrad." With the first monument there were hard times until it was fenced off. Museum workers restore the hut every year, and they set it on fire every year. At the same time memorial place do without a hut, just a clearing where Lenin lived and slept.

In mid-1917, the failure of the so-called July Uprising outlawed the Bolshevik Party. After Vladimir Ilyich Lenin had to go underground. A warrant was issued for his arrest, and the party leadership could not afford to lose its leader. But Lenin did not plan to go far, losing touch with the current political situation.

The choice fell on the outskirts of Sestroretsk, a town located several dozen miles from Petrograd. Nikolai Emelyanov, a worker at the Sestroretsk arms factory, was assigned to hide Ilyich. To ensure the operation of this plant, even under Peter I, an artificial lake was created - Sestroretsky Razliv, after which at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries a railway station and a workers' village were named. It was there, in Razliv, that Emelyanov lived.

Portrait of Nikolai Emelyanov

In addition to factory work, Emelyanov had some income by renting out his house to summer residents. The pleasant, quiet suburb on the shore of the lake attracted residents of the capital. During the summer season, the Emelyanov family moved from their house to a spacious two-story barn. It was spacious, however, not for everyone. Half of the room was occupied by a warehouse for household equipment, and the attic was designated as a hayloft. The Emelyanov couple had seven children. Vladimir Lenin and Grigory Zinoviev, who joined him, were hardly embarrassed by the cramped conditions, but the children (even from a Bolshevik family) and the proximity of the summer residents called into question questions of conspiracy and security. And a party worker’s home could easily be raided and searched.

Therefore, Lenin and Zinoviev hid in the attic of the barn for only a few days. Emelyanov came up with a legend that he wanted to buy a cow (this was logical - to feed seven children), and one of the worker’s friends offered him his hay plot on the remote shore of Lake Razliv. Emelyanov, having rented this clearing, transported the “Chukhonians” (Finns) “hired” by him there for haymaking. These Chukhons, as you guessed, were Lenin and Zinoviev.

Lenin in Razliv. Artist Isaac Shifman. 1960s

There the Bolshevik leaders lived for about two to three weeks in a hut. This was not an outdoor recreation: Lenin began to write a programmatic work, “State and Revolution,” the Bolsheviks read the latest newspapers and even met with visiting comrades. But haymaking time in these places was giving way to hunting season, and it was unsafe to stay longer than mid-August. The underground revolutionaries left for Finland.

After this insignificant episode in Razliv, the October Revolution, the construction of the Soviet state, the Civil War, the NEP policy awaited Lenin... If his political biography had turned out differently, then we might not have known about Emelyanov’s barn or some kind of hut. But the death of the first Soviet leader almost immediately aroused the desire of his contemporaries to perpetuate his memory.

This is what the Barn looked like in 1958

One of the first initiatives to create a Lenin museum was Emelyanov’s proposal to create an exhibition in his barn. He handed over the building to the local Sestroretsk authorities and himself, together with his family, helped receive visitors and lead excursions. The light wooden structure was not intended to become a monument for centuries, and the very attitude towards it as a museum for a long time remained a little careless - there were no fire-fighting equipment in it, and at the side wall of the barn the residents of the neighboring house calmly dumped firewood and garbage. Only after the war, in the late 1960s, a glass dome was erected over the barn.

This is what the barn looks like now

The area where the hut was located was luckier - no one lived there, and almost any project could be implemented in the spacious clearing. In 1926, the architect Alexander Gegello was tasked with creating the complex in such a way that visitors could repeat Ilyich’s path, arriving at the shore of Lake Razliv by water and proceeding from the pier to the granite monument in the form of a hut. A straw model was also placed next to the monument, which, naturally, has been updated more than once over the course of 90 years.

Lenin's hut in Razliv. Artist V.N. Dulov. 1980s

The ideas of creating a permanent pavilion with an exhibition and laying a good road to the territory of the hut were discussed at that time, but, again, only after the war they were fully realized. In the 1960s, a modern stone building was built to replace the wooden pavilion, the road was paved, and a square with a rotunda and parking for tour buses was built in front of the museum grounds.

Leonid Brezhnev at Lenin's hut. 1965

Now times have changed. Popular tourist routes bypass Lenin's places. Only purposeful citizens go to the Sarai, and on the narrow streets of the village of Razliv you can meet mainly summer residents and local residents. Along the road to Shalash along the shore of the lake in the summer, you can often see people wanting to sunbathe on local beaches, owners of kayaks and jet skis, as well as lovers of barbecues in nature - but not those heading towards the museum.

Sculptural images of the leader stored under the dome of the Sarai

The almost sacred significance of Lenin's places is a thing of the past. During the war years, at Shalash, not far from the Sestroretsk line of defense of Leningrad, they took the oath, handed over guards banners to units, and awarded soldiers and officers. In post-Soviet times, the reverent attitude of museum workers towards a seemingly outdated topic caused such a sharp contrast with reality that it even led to cases of vandalism: the straw model of a hut more than once became a victim of arson.

They are considering removing the fence around the hut - the topic of vandalism has ceased to be relevant in recent years

Nevertheless, Sestroretsk museums were able to look at Lenin’s theme from a new angle, interesting to the modern visitor. Now their ambitions are much broader than a modest memorial about a few days in the life of the leader of the world proletariat.

The Sarai management, for example, held an architectural competition for projects to renovate the area. Many of them involve a major expansion of the cultural space, the construction of new buildings and a new pier, recreational areas and even a stage. It is a pity that there are not yet enough funds and opportunities to implement such projects.

Bust on the courtyard of the Barn

Shalash managed to transform faster. In the pavilion’s exhibition, the emphasis was shifted from Lenin’s personality to the history of the revolution itself, which in some places is presented in a playful, theatrical format with dramatic “actions.” Cardboard figures of “heroes” placed throughout the territory ask visitors tricky questions: “Fidel Castro was at the exhibition. And you?"; “Nadezhda Krupskaya was with Lenin both in Shushenskoye and in Switzerland... And here?”; “Lenin was hiding here, but where was Leon Trotsky?” The figures suggest: “The answer is in the museum.”

We will not tell whether Krupskaya was in the hut or not. The answer is in the museum.

Employees are trying to get to the bottom of the truth without promoting old Soviet myths. Let's say, in the painting of Stalin's time, Stalin's visit to Lenin's hut is depicted. Now, in the exhibition, visitors will learn that this fact is not confirmed by sources. But Zinoviev’s presence in Razliv was kept silent for a long time. Sarai's guides will draw your attention to his photograph and emphasize that few people will immediately answer who is depicted in it.

"IN AND. Lenin and I.V. Stalin in Razliv. 1917." Artist P. Rozin.
This is not an exhibit of a Sarai or a Hut, but the picture well illustrates the Stalinist mythology about the close relationship between Joseph Vissarionovich and Lenin.

The image of Ilyich is no longer an icon. But perhaps, without ideological awe, studying the history of this image has only become more interesting? In recent years, two works by the Soviet sculptor of the 1920s Matvey Kharlamov, which previously stood in Leningrad at industrial enterprises: “Red Vyborzhets” and the Plant of Precision Electromechanical Instruments, have found shelter on the territory of the Shalash. Together with the large white bust from the Oktyabrsky Concert Hall, they are so far the only new exhibits in the future open-air park of the Soviet period.

Sculpture of Matvey Kharlamov from the Plant of Precision Electromechanical Instruments
Bust from the Oktyabrsky Concert Hall

Everyone finds something for themselves in these places. Some still ask questions in the style of the Soviet “creed” (like, for example, the delegation from China that came to Sarai this summer), others learn with curiosity about the historical reality of 1917. Still others remember their Soviet childhood - in this style, by the way, the review of actor Sergei Bezrukov, who visited the Shalash, was written. And some people just want to enjoy the beautiful view of the lake from the pier...

After the wedding, Nadezhda Konstantinovna asks Vladimir Ilyich: “Volodya, where will we spend our honeymoon?”
- “In Razliv, in a hut, only for the sake of conspiracy, it’s not you who will go with me, but Comrade Zinoviev."
Soviet period joke

P There are many museums around St. Petersburg, but this one is special...
On clean air, among the forest near the water)))))) this may surprise some, but even our Lenin museums are in excellent condition.

Lenin's hut - museum complex in Razliv, dedicated to the events of the summer of 1917, when V.I. Lenin was forced to hide from persecution by the Provisional Government. The “Shalash” monument (architect A. I. Gegello) was opened on July 15, 1928.

The museum has its own paved road, ending with a large wide ring for buses and cars. There is also a cafe and restaurant "Shalash"))) everything as Lenin loved...

Playground)))

The length of this rotunda is 160 m. This is a roof for tourists who will come here and wait for the bus to arrive. I have never seen anything like this in Barcelona... it was built on a grand scale, with confidence in the world revolution!

Built on a grand scale...

"Path" to the hut. By the way, I was amazed how many people visit this place. Especially older foreigners.

Lenin's stump...

After the Bolshevik attempt to seize power on July 3-4, 1917 in Petrograd, the Provisional Government issued an order for the arrest of more than 40 prominent figures of the Bolshevik Party. From July 5 to July 9, 1917, V.I. Lenin hid in Petrograd, and on the night of July 9 to 10 he moved to Razliv under the guise of a mower. He settled with a worker at the Sestroretsk arms factory, N.A. Emelyanov, who lived that summer in a barn adapted for housing due to the renovation of his house.

G. E. Zinoviev also lived with him. After several days of Lenin living in the attic of the barn, police appeared in the village. This was the reason to change the place to a hut on the other side of the Spill.

In August, due to the end of haymaking and the start of hunting in the forests near Lake Razliv, it became dangerous to stay in the hut. In addition, the rains became more frequent and it became cold.

The Central Committee of the party decided to hide V.I. Lenin in Finland. The party entrusted St. Petersburg workers, experienced underground workers A.V. Shotman and E.A. Rakhya, with organizing the relocation of Vladimir Ilyich. It was decided to take out V.I. Lenin under the guise of a fireman on the H2-293 steam locomotive of the Bolshevik driver G.E. Yalava.

When Lenin was being taken to the locomotive, the workers lost their way and ended up in the swamps... They almost drowned. Eh! The swamp did not save Russia. It saved me from the Poles, but not from communism...

In 1924, at one of the mourning rallies dedicated to the memory of V.I. Lenin, a worker at the Sestroretsk arms factory, Nikolai Aleksandrovich Emelyanov, told how V.I. Lenin and G.E. Zinoviev hid under the guise of Finns in July-August 1917. mowers in a hut on the shore of the Sestroretsky Razliv lake. The assembled workers expressed a desire to immortalize this place, which went down in history as “Ilyich’s Last Underground”... and they wrapped everything up...

The hut is fenced... it’s clear that this is not THAT one)) they probably fenced it off so that tourists don’t do “dark seditious” things there, otherwise they’ll write “State and Revolution” ideas to climb in and have sex there are just in the air)))

The people, of course, are burning... poor Ilyich)))

Someone tried to break his crown... vandals...

And I couldn't resist...

Road to the pier. There you can take a boat ride. Every year at the end of May, a ferry service opens between Sestroretsk and the pier at the V.I. Lenin Hut museum.

The ferry departs from the pier at the intersection of Voskova and Mosin streets. Travel time is 15-20 minutes. Bicycles can be carried on the ferry.

Stalin never visited Razliv...

During the Great Patriotic War, the front line passed near Shalash. Here, Soviet soldiers swore an oath of allegiance to the Motherland, and were presented with guards banners military units, soldiers and officers were awarded.

Over 9 months of 1964, the museum was visited by 250 thousand people. In April 1968, the great-grandson of Karl Marx, Robert Longuet, came to Shalash. You will be surprised, but the number of visits is only increasing))))) now 350,000 come a year...