Many of us are seriously thinking about how to improve the quality of perception of life and try to change not only the world around us, but also the air that we breathe, in connection with which the actual question arises: how to make the air cleaner?

To solve this problem today there are two main ways: one is to breed at home, and the other - supplementing or replacing the first - air purifying devices around us through ionization and other technologies, supported by large-scale advertising campaigns, commercials and tempting discounts, which turn into almost a panacea for all possible ills.

Today we will consider them in detail ...

It would seem that,

What kind of air do we breathe at home

The air that we breathe is not at all like the one described by smart books and encyclopedias. In addition to the main composition, it contains hundreds of impurities, thousands of smells and aromas, useful and not very ...

For example, indoor air can be more polluted than outdoor air, and the degree of pollution can exceed these figures by several times. And, as a rule, the average person spends fifty to sixty percent of their entire life indoors.

We do not see all this, but our body feels it very well, we begin to “think worse”, we feel tired, and our internal organs are slowly and steadily poisoned by our own “exhaust” exhalations.

Therefore, it is very important to ensure that you periodically ventilate the room where you are, live, work, sleep. A portion of street air with its not quite pure composition is even more useful than the air filled with our “exhalations”.

It becomes clear to the naked eye that in order to be healthy, it is necessary to change something, and this “something”, first of all, air around us.

Here is the time to remember about air conditioners and other air purifiers, the purpose of which is the direct creation of a microclimate in the room and air purification.

Devices that make the air cleaner

1. Air conditioners

2. Air purifiers for home

The basic functions of air cleaners include dust removal, elimination of flower allergic pollen, purification of air from tobacco smoke, destruction of viruses and bacteria, elimination of unpleasant odors and odors, decomposition of harmful substances, filtration of small particles(animal fur, for example). Sounds tempting, doesn't it? But all this information applies only to quality! air purifiers. Otherwise, we are threatened with too zealous saturation of the air around us with both nitrogen and ion, and, as you know, what is excessive is no longer healthy ...

Besides air purifiers are several types - photocatalytic And filter.

Photocatalytic air purifiers

It is considered the most effective photocatalytic air purifiers. The air in them becomes cleaner according to the principle of photo catalysis, harmful substances contained in the air decompose under the influence of ultraviolet radiation to absolutely harmless. The level of purification is constant and consistently high and reaches ninety-five percent. But, such an air purifier definitely cannot cope with exhaust gases. In order to somehow rehabilitate this shortcoming, manufacturers of such devices confidently declare that their purifier will certainly cope with viruses and gases. There is an opinion that the efficiency of a photocatalytic purifier is five hundred times higher than an ordinary filter. The service life of such a cleaner is from four to seven years.

Filter Air Purifiers

Based on the name, we already understand that the principle of operation of such a purifier is based on the use of filters, which can be quite different. For instance carbon filter(its main component is activated carbon) performs deodorizing and adsorption functions, does an excellent job of removing odors and gas impurities. mechanical filter, looks like a fine mesh, does an excellent job of filtering the air for dust and wool. Nero filters- this is already more serious, created on the basis of fiberglass, capable of clear the air from the smallest impurities by almost ninety-nine percent. And here electrostatic filters do their job very well clean the air from fine dust particles(in the operation of such a filter, the principle of attraction of oppositely charged and polar ions is used). The filters in these air purifiers are replaced several times a year.

The operation of any air purifiers, of course, is limited by the corresponding technical characteristics, but as a rule:

• - the performance indicator is from one hundred and eighty to four hundred and twenty cubic meters of clean air per hour (we consider the cubic capacity of the room to be the product of length by width and height, in meters);
• - limited area of ​​​​action - thirty-five square meters.

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If we consider environmental problems, one of the most pressing is air pollution. Environmentalists are sounding the alarm and urging mankind to reconsider their attitude to life and the consumption of natural resources, because only protection from air pollution will improve the situation and prevent serious consequences. Find out how to solve such an acute issue, influence the ecological situation and save the atmosphere.

Natural sources of clogging

What is air pollution? This concept includes the introduction and entry into the atmosphere and all its layers of uncharacteristic elements of a physical, biological or chemical nature, as well as a change in their concentrations.

What pollutes our air? Air pollution is due to many reasons, and all sources can be conditionally divided into natural or natural, as well as artificial, that is, anthropogenic.

It’s worth starting with the first group, which includes pollutants generated by nature itself:

1. The first source is volcanoes. Erupting, they throw out huge amounts of tiny particles of various rocks, ash, poisonous gases, sulfur oxides and other no less harmful substances. And although eruptions occur quite rarely, according to statistics, as a result of volcanic activity, the level of air pollution increases significantly, because up to 40 million tons of dangerous compounds are released into the atmosphere every year.
2. If we consider the natural causes of air pollution, then it is worth noting such as peat or forest fires. Most often, fires occur due to unintentional arson by a person who is negligent about the rules of safety and behavior in the forest. Even a small spark from an incompletely extinguished fire can cause a fire to spread. Less commonly, fires are caused by very high solar activity, which is why the peak of danger falls on the hot summer time.
3. Considering the main types of natural pollutants, one cannot fail to mention dust storms that occur due to strong gusts of wind and mixing of air flows. During a hurricane or other natural event, tons of dust rise, which provoke air pollution.

artificial sources

Air pollution in Russia and other developed countries is often caused by the influence of anthropogenic factors caused by the activities carried out by people.

We list the main artificial sources that cause air pollution:

• The rapid development of industry. It is worth starting with chemical air pollution caused by the activities of chemical plants. Toxic substances released into the air poison it. Also, metallurgical plants cause air pollution with harmful substances: metal processing is a complex process, involving huge emissions as a result of heating and combustion. In addition, they pollute the air and small solid particles formed during the manufacture of building or finishing materials.
• The problem of air pollution by motor vehicles is especially urgent. Although other types also provoke emissions into the atmosphere, it is cars that have the most significant negative impact on it, since there are much more of them than any other vehicles. Exhausts emitted by motor vehicles and arising during engine operation contain a lot of substances, including hazardous ones. It is sad that every year the number of emissions increases. An increasing number of people are acquiring an "iron horse", which, of course, has a detrimental effect on the environment.
• Operation of thermal and nuclear power plants, boiler plants. The vital activity of mankind at this stage is impossible without the use of such installations. They supply us with vital resources: heat, electricity, hot water supply. But when burning any kind of fuel, the atmosphere changes.
• Household waste. Every year, the purchasing power of people is growing, as a result, the amount of waste generated is also increasing. Their disposal is not given due attention, and some types of garbage are extremely dangerous, have a long decomposition period and emit vapors that have an extremely adverse effect on the atmosphere. Each person pollutes the air every day, but industrial waste is much more dangerous, which is taken to landfills and not disposed of in any way.

What are the most common air pollutants?

There are an incredible number of air pollutants, and environmentalists are constantly discovering new ones, which is associated with the rapid pace of industrial development and the introduction of new production and processing technologies. But the most common compounds found in the atmosphere are:

• Carbon monoxide, also called carbon monoxide. It is colorless and odorless and is formed during incomplete combustion of fuel at low oxygen volumes and low temperatures. This compound is dangerous and causes death due to lack of oxygen.
• Carbon dioxide is found in the atmosphere and has a slightly sour smell.
• Sulfur dioxide is released during the combustion of some sulfur-containing fuels. This compound provokes acid rain and depresses human breathing.
• Dioxides and oxides of nitrogen characterize air pollution by industrial enterprises, since they are most often formed during their activities, especially in the production of certain fertilizers, dyes and acids. Also, these substances can be released as a result of fuel combustion or during operation of the machine, especially if it malfunctions.
• Hydrocarbons are one of the most common substances and can be found in solvents, detergents, and petroleum products.
• Lead is also harmful and is used to make batteries and accumulators, cartridges and ammunition.
• Ozone is extremely toxic and is formed during photochemical processes or during the operation of vehicles and factories.

Now you know what substances pollute the air pool most often. But this is only a small part of them, the atmosphere contains a lot of various compounds, and some of them are even unknown to scientists.

Sad consequences

The scale of the impact of atmospheric air pollution on human health and the entire ecosystem as a whole is simply enormous, and many underestimate them. Let's start with ecology.

1. Firstly, due to polluted air, a greenhouse effect has developed, which gradually, but globally, changes the climate, leads to warming and melting of glaciers, and provokes natural disasters. It can be said that it leads to irreversible consequences in the state of the environment.
2. Secondly, acid rains are becoming more and more frequent, having a negative impact on all life on Earth. Through their fault, entire populations of fish are dying, unable to live in such an acidic environment. A negative impact is observed when examining historical monuments and architectural monuments.
3. Thirdly, fauna and flora suffer, as dangerous vapors are inhaled by animals, they also enter plants and gradually destroy them.

Polluted atmosphere has a very negative impact on human health. Emissions enter the lungs and cause malfunctions of the respiratory system, severe allergic reactions. Together with the blood, dangerous compounds are carried throughout the body and wear it out greatly. And some elements are capable of provoking mutation and degeneration of cells.

How to solve the problem and save the environment

The problem of atmospheric air pollution is very relevant, especially considering that the environment has deteriorated greatly over the past few decades. And it needs to be solved comprehensively and in several ways.

Consider several effective measures to prevent air pollution:

1. To combat air pollution at individual enterprises, it is mandatory to install treatment and filtering facilities and systems. And at especially large industrial plants, it is necessary to begin the introduction of stationary monitoring posts for atmospheric air pollution.
2. Switching to alternative and less harmful sources of energy, such as solar panels or electricity, should be used to avoid air pollution from vehicles.
3. The replacement of combustible fuels with more affordable and less dangerous ones, such as water, wind, sunlight and others that do not require combustion, will help protect the atmospheric air from pollution.
4. The protection of atmospheric air from pollution should be supported at the state level, and there are already laws aimed at protecting it. But it is also necessary to act and exercise control in individual subjects of the Russian Federation.
5. One of the effective ways, which should include the protection of air from pollution, is to establish a system for the disposal of all waste or their processing.
6. Plants should be used to solve the problem of air pollution. Widespread landscaping will improve the atmosphere and increase the amount of oxygen in it.

How to protect atmospheric air from pollution? If all of humanity is struggling with it, then there are chances for an improvement in the environment. Knowing the essence of the problem of air pollution, its relevance and the main solutions, we need to work together and comprehensively to combat pollution.

Residents of the metropolis know the value of fresh air

We are used to - in order to "breathe the air", you need to go somewhere. But this does not always work out, and you have to spend most of your time in the city: work, study, business. But it turns out that you can breathe fresh air. Without leaving the city...

If you ask any person what he thinks about the air of the metropolis, which he breathes every second, then the answers will be the same: “poison”, “poison”, “carcinogen”. In a modern big city, one can only dream of truly clean air ... Street air in a metropolis carries a whole cocktail of pollution: dust, exhaust gases, emissions from enterprises, harmful substances. Of particular danger to health is the so-called technogenic dust - a mixture of the smallest particles of asphalt and car tires. Sometimes this is mixed with road reagent left over from the winter and not washed off by rains. Buses, utility vehicles and construction vehicles drive through the streets of the city, throwing out terrible exhaust clouds, which are diesel aerosols. Experts from the World Health Organization, according to the results of research in 2012, classified diesel exhaust as a substance that causes cancer.

Unfortunately, the air in the room where we spend 90% of the time cannot be called clean either. Their indoor counterparts are added to the street ingredients of the "harmful cocktail" - substances emitted from the floor, walls, windows, furniture, tobacco smoke from smoking neighbors through the exhaust ventilation, combustion products from cooking. The air in the apartment, as a rule, is stagnant, and bacteria and viruses live and multiply perfectly in it. Therefore, we get sick so often, just being indoors - at home and at work.

We try to ventilate the premises, but if you open the window ... - this has already been said above. And there is simply no permanent supply ventilation in most Russian homes and offices.

Children suffer the most from polluted air. Their breathing is more frequent than in adults, and their immunity is much weaker. Therefore, polluted air causes them more harm. Street dust and particulate matter that enters the room through partly opened windows injure sensitive airways and provoke infectious diseases and reduced immunity in children. Hence problems with the functioning of the lungs, a tendency to develop asthma, bronchitis and acute respiratory infections.

Most home settings are powerless

When in Moscow in the summer of 2010 there was literally hell from the smoke of forest fires and peat bogs, residents swept all air conditioners off the shelves in an attempt to save them. Many people still think that an air conditioner purifies the outside air and then cools it down to a comfortable temperature. However, it is not. The air conditioner cools only the air that is in the room, and does not take it from the street. Those expensive models that are able to supply at least some air from the street trap dust and large particles, while exhaust gases and other combustion products enter the room. You can draw an analogy with water: after all, no one puts water in the refrigerator to purify it - everyone uses filters.

The air purifier and air washer also do not cope with the problem. The dust that is in the room, such a device will clean. But new dust constantly flies into the room through the windows. And you have already inhaled harmful substances and exhaust gases that have already entered the room, even if the room appliance has neutralized some of them.

What to do with dirty air?

The answer is simple - clean. Moreover, to detain all contaminants at the entrance, preventing them from entering the room. After all, it is quite obvious to us that, for example, in a car engine, you need to regularly change the air filter, otherwise the engine will break. In exactly the same way, everyone knows that you need to pass tap water through a special filter - without this it is simply unsafe to drink it. We drink 2-3 liters of water a day, and inhale 15 liters of air - and it is mostly polluted.

If we are unlikely to be able to influence the outdoor air in the foreseeable future, then a constant flow of clean air into the room can be ensured. To do this, there is a special class of devices called breathers.

Breezer is a supply unit with an air purification function. Sometimes such devices are called ventilators or supply air cleaners.

Breezer creates a constant flow of air into the apartment. The air is renewed, ceases to be stagnant and will no longer be a favorable environment for the reproduction of bacteria and viruses. Due to the constant influx, all “household” harmful substances and unpleasant odors will be removed through exhaust ventilation in the kitchen and bathroom. Since the windows in the presence of such a device can be kept closed, there will be no drafts in the apartment and none of the household will catch a cold.

The most important thing is the characteristics of the device. And among them, the most important is the cleaning class. Often such installations are equipped with dust filters of class F5, F7 or F9. This means that they trap large dust, and small particles pass through such a filter unhindered. The lungs have alveoli, vesicles at the end of branching tubules. This fine dust clogs there, settles and is harmful to health, provoking lung diseases.

Thus, when choosing a device, you need to look for a device with the highest filtration class. Today, there are breathers on the market with a medical grade of filtration, up to H11 and even H12. Such filters are used in clean rooms of medical institutions, for example, in operating rooms. The presence of such a filter ensures that even the smallest dust, viruses, bacteria, mold spores and pollen will remain outside the walls of your home.

Another necessary function of the breather is climate control. In our climate, most of the year the air needs to be heated, and the device should allow you to do this as conveniently as possible. If the breather does not have the function of maintaining the set temperature, then at best the adjustment will have to be selected according to the sensations, and at worst, if it gets sharply cold on a winter night, you can easily catch a cold in the morning.

Breezer will provide you and your family with an environmentally friendly, comfortable and safe stay in the apartment. The main rule is not to save on your health and change filters regularly.

Did you know that the air of almost any urban environment contains book and concrete dust, exhaust fumes, bacteria and viruses, particles of skin and hair, exhaust fumes and dust mites? All of these are detrimental to your health.

Surprisingly, indoor air is much more polluted than outdoors! It is no coincidence that 90% of respiratory infections occur indoors.

Consider the situation in the apartment. Dirt and dust penetrate the room and are absorbed by walls, curtains, wallpaper, and upholstered furniture. The porous structure of wood, fiberglass, materials from which the ceiling, walls and floor of the premises are made are an excellent place for the accumulation of harmful substances.

Our bedrooms are the ideal environment for dust mites to feed on skin particles, the most powerful allergen.

Detergents leave toxic fumes in the air, thousands of times higher than their concentration in the open air. Mold and fungus are present in the air of any room, as they are everywhere: in damp places on the ceiling, carpets, walls, cooling and heating systems, and so on.

So how do we rid the air we breathe of all these harmful contaminants?

We offer you practical tips to help you achieve maximum air purity in any room.

1. Try to eliminate sources of air pollution and keep the room clean

To keep the air clean, avoid accumulation of dust (including in hard-to-reach places). Studies have shown that 12 grams of dust contains about 42,000 dust mites. Their waste is scattered in the air and irritates the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, causes various infections and asthma attacks.

Also try to get rid of all kinds of "dust collectors": soft toys, shaggy carpets, pillows. If your apartment still has such things, then you should regularly knock them out from dust.

2. Organize good ventilation of the room

Be sure to ventilate the rooms every day. Clean air is especially important for good sleep - it is better to cover yourself with a warmer blanket, but fall asleep with an open window.

Even the best ventilation system can renew only a third of the air volume.

3. Use an Air Purifier and Humidifier

In order to achieve truly clean air in an apartment or office, one cannot do without its direct purification and humidification.

Insufficiently humidified air adversely affects the skin, furniture, indoor plants and mucous membranes of a person, making them more susceptible to infections.

The purifier passes air through several filters. Of particular importance is the presence of a HEPA filter - it allows you to cope with fine dust floating in the air and penetrating the respiratory tract.

The air cleaner is designed to “nail” all harmful substances and air pollution to the floor and prevent them from entering the nose and bronchi.

How to keep the air clean?

Remember that clean indoor air is essential for the health and well-being of your family. And an excellent solution for maintaining an environmentally friendly environment in the house is.

This cleaning system, equipped with a HEPA filter, will allow you to carry out the most effective cleaning of the premises and to clean and humidify the air every day!

Rainbow is the only vacuum cleaner in the world that is an air purifier. This is confirmed by the AHAM certificate - an international organization that evaluates and licenses industrial air purifiers.

It purifies and humidifies the air both during cleaning and in low speed mode - just turn on the humidification and purification function and leave the vacuum cleaner in the room.

Clean air with Rainbow is easy and efficient.

Breathe clean air and be healthy!

The main ways to reduce and completely eliminate air pollution are as follows: the development and implementation of purification filters, the use of environmentally friendly energy sources, waste-free production technology, the fight against vehicle exhaust gases, landscaping, architectural and planning measures, and the establishment of sanitary protection zones.

Cleaning filters are the main means of combating industrial air pollution. Cleaning of emissions into the atmosphere is carried out by passing them through various filters (mechanical, electrical, magnetic, sound and others), water and chemically active liquids. All of them are designed to capture dust, vapors and gases.

The efficiency of treatment facilities is different and depends both on the physical and chemical properties of pollutants, and on the perfection of the methods and apparatus used. With coarse cleaning of emissions, from 70 to 84% of pollutants are eliminated, with medium cleaning - up to 95-98% and fine - up to 99% and more.

Purification of industrial waste not only protects the atmosphere from pollution, but also provides additional raw materials and profits for enterprises. The capture of sulfur from the gas waste of the Magnitogorsk Combine provides sanitation and the production of many thousands of additional tons of cheap sulfuric acid. At the Angarsk cement plant, treatment facilities capture up to 98% of cement dust emissions, and filters of one aluminum plant - 98% of previously lost fluorine, which gives 300 thousand dollars of profit per year.

It is impossible to solve the problem of protecting the atmosphere only with the help of treatment facilities. It is necessary to apply a set of measures, and above all, the introduction of waste-free technologies.

Zero Waste Technology is effective if it is built by analogy with the processes occurring in the biosphere: the waste of one link in the ecosystem is used by other links. Cyclic non-waste production, comparable to cyclical processes in the biosphere, is the future of industry, an ideal way to preserve the cleanliness of the environment.

One way to protect the atmosphere from pollution is to transition to the use of new environmentally friendly energy sources. For example, the construction of stations that use the energy of ebbs and flows, the use of solar plants and wind turbines. In the 1980s, nuclear power plants (NPPs) were considered a promising source of energy. After the Chernobyl disaster, the number of supporters of the wider use of atomic energy has decreased. This accident showed that nuclear energy sources require increased attention to their safety systems. Academician A.L. Yanshin, for example, considers gas to be an alternative source of energy, which in the future can be produced in Russia about 300 trillion cubic meters. m3/year.

As private solutions air protection from vehicle exhaust gases you can point to the installation of filters and afterburners, the replacement of additives containing lead, the organization of traffic, which will reduce and eliminate the frequent change of engine operating modes (road junctions, widening the roadway, building crossings, and so on). The problem can be radically solved by replacing internal combustion engines with electric ones. To reduce toxic substances in the exhaust gases of cars, it is proposed to replace gasoline with other types of fuel, for example, a mixture of various alcohols. Gas-balloon cars are promising.

Greening cities and industrial centers: green spaces through photosynthesis free the air from carbon dioxide and enrich it with oxygen. Up to 72% of suspended dust particles and up to 60% of sulfur dioxide settle on the leaves of trees and shrubs. Therefore, in parks, squares and gardens, the air contains ten times less dust than in open streets and squares. Many types of trees and shrubs emit phytoncides that kill bacteria. Green spaces largely regulate the microclimate of the city, "extinguish" the city noise, which brings great harm to people's health.

Maintaining clean air is essential city ​​planning. Factories and factories, transport routes should be separated from residential areas by a buffer zone consisting of green spaces. It is necessary to take into account the direction of the main winds (wind rose), the terrain and the presence of water bodies, to locate residential areas on the leeward side and on elevated areas. Industrial zones are best placed away from residential areas or outside the city.

Legal protection of the atmosphere- the implementation of the constitutional rights of the population and norms in the environmental sphere has led to a significant expansion of the base of legislative regulation in the field of atmospheric air protection. The main legislative and other normative legal acts regulating the issues of environmental protection are the following.

* Law on Environmental Protection (January 10, 2002). Basic law of environmental legislation.

* Law on the Protection of Atmospheric Air (April 2, 1999). Its tasks are to regulate public relations in this area in order to keep clean and improve the condition of atmospheric air, prevent and reduce harmful chemical, physical, biological and other impacts on the atmosphere.

* Air Code of the Russian Federation (February 19, 1997). It sets special requirements for the state of flight equipment, regulation of engine operation to reduce atmospheric pollution.

The Federal Law "On the Destruction of Chemical Weapons" (April 25, 1997) establishes the legal basis for carrying out a set of works to ensure environmental protection.

The Criminal Code (July 24, 2007) has a number of articles relating to the nuclear industry, contains a definition of "environmental crimes".

Federal Law "On Radiation Safety of the Population" (January 9, 1996). In order to implement it, the Government of the Russian Federation adopted a number of resolutions that relate to the rules for the placement of radioactive substances and radioactive waste, their storage and transportation.

Federal Law "On the Use of Atomic Energy" (October 20, 1995; amendments and additions were made in February 1997).

The State Committee for Ecology of Russia has reviewed and approved several legal documents related to the protection of the atmosphere, in particular, on the methodology for calculating emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere.

GOST (1986) “Nature protection. Atmosphere. Rules for air quality control in settlements.