Good afternoon! I have a question about declension of surnames. I read the information posted on the site about this, but did not come to a definite conclusion. So, the surname is Novik. She bows if it male surname(diploma issued to Igor Novik), and does not decline if female (diploma issued to Anna Novik). But what about the plural? If this is a male surname, it will decline: the diploma was issued to Igor and Oleg Novik. What if it's female? Diplomas were given to Anna and Elena Novik (or Noviks?). And what about the plural if there is no reference to the gender in the text? For example, did you come to visit the Novikov family? And if it is known that there are only women in the family (but this is not reported in the proposal)? For example, "we came to visit the Novik family (or Novikov?). Anna, Elena and Olga met us..."
We give an excerpt about similar surnames from the "Handbook of Spelling and Style" by D. E. Rosenthal.
Surnames referring to two or more persons are put in the plural form in some cases, in the singular form in others, namely:
Heinrich and Thomas Mann, August and Jean Picard, Adolf and Michael Gottlieb; also father and son Oistrakhi;
2) with two female names Irina and Tamara Press;
Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt, Paul and Eslanda Robson, August and Carolina Schlegel, Richard Sorge's associates Max and Anna Clausen, Ariadne and Peter Tur; Seryozha and Valya Bruzzak, Nina and Stanislav Zhuk;
Mr and Mrs Rainer, Lord and Lady Hamilton; however, with combinations husband and wife, brother and sister husband and wife of Estrema, brother and sister of Niringa;
5) at the word spouses The surname is put in the singular form, for example: Mrs Kent, Mrs Thorndike, Mrs Noddak;
6) at the word brothers Brothers Grimm, Brothers Schlegel, Brothers Schellenberg, Brothers Pokrass; the same with the word sisters: Press sisters, Koch sisters;
7) at the word family the surname is usually put in the singular form, for example: with The Oppenheim family, the Gamal family.
| Question #289994 | ||
Hello! Can you please tell me if the surname is inflected in this case? Ivan and Isabella Kovtunovich(s)? And whether to incline such a surname with male names - Ivan and Sergey Kovtunovich (s)? Thank you!
Answer help desk Russian language
Right: Ivan and Isabella Kovtunovich, Ivan and Sergey Kovtunovich.
Non-Russian surnames referring to two or more persons are put in the plural form in some cases, in the singular form in others:
1) if the surname has two male names, then it is put in the plural form, for example: Heinrich and Thomas Mann, August and Jean Picard, Adolf and Michael Gottlieb; also father and son of Oistrakhi;
Irina and Tamara Press;
3) if the surname is accompanied by a male and female names, then it retains the singular form, for example: Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt, Ronald and Nancy Reagan, Ariadna and Petr Tur, Nina and Stanislav Zhuk;
4) in singular the surname is also put if it is accompanied by two common nouns indicating a different gender, for example: Mr and Mrs Clinton, Lord and Lady Hamilton; however, with combinations husband and wife, brother and sister The surname is more often used in the plural form: husband and wife of Estrema, brother and sister of Niringa;
5) at the word spouses The surname is put in the singular form, for example: Consorts Kent, Consorts Major;
6) at the word brothers the surname is also usually put in the singular form, for example: brothers Grimm, brothers Spiegel, brothers Schellenberg, brothers Pokrass; the same with the word sisters: Koch sisters;
7) at the word family Oppenheim family.
| Question #289907 | ||
Hello. Clintons or Clintons? I think the second option is correct, but the quote is the first... Over 15 years, $10 million was sent to help the Clintons.
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
The “Handbook of the Russian Language: Spelling, Pronunciation, Literary Editing” by D. E. Rozental, E. V. Dzhandzhakova, N. P. Kabanova contains a recommendation to put a foreign surname in the singular form, if it is accompanied by words spouses, family. Recommendations on the use of the surname with the word couple not in the reference book, but it is logical to assume that in this case the singular number is preferred.
| Question #288805 | ||
Does the surname Kim in the plural decline: "spouses Kims" or "spouses Kims", "Natalya and Oleg Kims" or "Natalya and Oleg Kims"?
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
In such cases, with the words spouses, family Surnames are usually put in the singular: the Kim spouses.
If the surname is accompanied by male and female names, then it also retains the singular form: Natalia and Oleg Kim.
| Question #287231 | ||
Greetings! I'm working on the subject of surname declension. There is very little information about plural forms. Can you please tell me how the plural form for surnames ending in -uk/-yuk will look like? For example, Vlasyuk. Will we visit Vlasyukov or Vlasyuk? I would be grateful if you recommend a source (give a link) for self-study themes.
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Options are possible. For example, with two male names, the surname is put in the form of plural. numbers (we will visit Yuri and Nikolai Vlasyukov), with two female names, a single number is chosen. At the words brothers, spouses, family the surname is usually put in the singular form (Vlasyuk brothers, Vlasyuk spouses, Vlasyuk family), but with words husband and wife more common plural: husband and wife Vlasyuka. See: Rosenthal D. E., Dzhandzhakova E. V., Kabanova N. P. Reference book on the Russian language: spelling, pronunciation, literary editing. 7th ed. M., 2010 (section "Declination of some names and surnames").
| Question No. 283207 | ||
Tell me if the spelling of the sentences is correct: "35 books have been written about the history of the Bell family, which was attacked by a mysterious spirit. All of them tell how a curse fell on the respectable and respected Bell family." Should the surname "Bell" be inflected?
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
At the words spouses, family a foreign surname is usually put in the singular form: about the history of the Bell family, on the Bell family. Instead of curse better write a curse. Everything else is correct.
| Question #270255 | ||
Reference material on my topic on your site is, but there are questions. Hello, now :)) Karmanovich or Karmanovich family? And non-Russian surnames like Khatit, Our are inclined in the plural? i.e. our brothers or ours? Spouses Hatit or Hatita etc.? Thanks in advance!
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Non-Russian surnames referring to two or more persons, in some cases are put in the form of plural. numbers, in others - in the form of the singular. It depends on the context. At the words spouses and brothers the surname is usually put in the singular form: wife Hatit, Nash brothers. At the word family a non-Russian surname is also usually put in the singular form.
| Question #267802 | ||
Tell me please,
in the sentence "The spouses refused social services at home at the time of the visit by the specialists of the department" is "at the time of the visit by the specialists of the department" a phrase clarifying the meaning and is it necessary to separate it with commas?
thanks in advance
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
This is not a qualifying construct, no additional punctuation marks are required.
| Question #260436 | ||
Hello!
Please tell me how the name of the deceased wife of the President of Poland will sound in Russian: Kaczynska or Kaczynska? Or are both options acceptable?
Thank you.
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Correct in Russian: Kaczynska.
| Question No. 254502 | ||
To question No. 254477: why is "Popelyuk dynasty" correct, but "Romanov dynasty"?
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Non-standard Russian and non-Russian surnames (i.e., surnames arranged in a way other than suffixes -ov / -ev, -in) are usually put in the singular form when accompanied by the words brothers, sisters, spouses, family, dynasty etc., cf.: Petrov brothers, but Brothers Grimm, Ivanov family, but the Zhuk family. Similarly: Romanov dynasty, but Popelyuk dynasty.
| Question #246491 | ||
Can you please tell me if the names are inclined in the following cases: the Clintons arrived on vacation; Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt visited the theater; Husband and wife Robson made the trip?
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
If the surname is accompanied by male and female names, then it retains the singular form: Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt.
At the words spouses, family, brothers the surname is usually put in the singular form: the Clinton spouses.
With combinations husband and wife, brother and sister The surname is more often used in the plural form: husband and wife Robson.
| Question #243967 | ||
Good afternoon. Please tell us about the etymology of the word "marriage" - in the sense of the union of spouses and, if possible, about the etymology of the word "spouse". Thank you!
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Marriage("marriage") - a Slavic word, historically associated, apparently, with the verb take(the exact etymology has not been established). Spouse- derived from sprushti"pull, connect, harness." Initial spouse turned into spouse under the influence of words with a prefix su-. Spouses literally - "in one harness."
| Question No. 241215 | ||
Hello Gramota.ru!
Help the proofreader of a newspaper published in Russian.
How should surnames be spelled correctly in such combinations:Demidchik brothers or Demidchik brothers, Kreidich brothers or Kreidich brothers, Gleb brothers or Gleb brothers, Gusik brothers or Gusik brothers;
Alla and Alexander Batsuk or Alla and Alexander Batsuki, Vera and Andrey Dokuchits or Vera and Andrey Dokuchitsy, Natalya and Vyacheslav Lut or Natalya and Vyacheslav Luta, Irina and Denis Oleinik or Irina and Denis Oleinik, Ekaterina and Dmitry Moschik or Ekaterina and Dmitry Moshchiki,
spouses Samoylyuk or spouses Samoylyuks, spouses Talashkevich or spouses Talashkevichi, spouses Cheberkus or spouses Cheberkus, spouses Selyukh or spouses Selyukha;
Brothers Eduard and Vladimir Demidchik or brothers Eduard and Vladimir Demidchik, brothers Alexander and Vyacheslav Gleb or brothers Alexander and Vyacheslav Gleb;
spouses Lyudmila and Vasily Tishuk or spouses Lyudmila and Vasily Tishuk; spouses Elena and Stepan Shuplyak or spouses Elena and Stepan Shuplyak;
The Kivachuk couple or the Kivachuk couple,
The couple of Lyudmila and Vladimir Kivachuk, or the couple of Lyudmila and Vladimir Kivachuk, or the couple of Lyudmila and Vladimir Kivachuk, or the couple of Lyudmila and Vladimir Kivachuk;
The Stasyuk family or the Stasyukov family, the Elk family or the Elk family;
The family of Natalya and Igor Stasyukov, or the family of Natalya and Igor Stasyuk, or the family of Natalya and Igor Stasyuki, or the family of Natalya and Igor Stasyuk.
This is very important for my competent work. The number is going to press! Please, I really need it!!!
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Recommendations are as follows. If the surname has two male names, then it is put in the plural form. If the surname has two female names, or if the surname is accompanied by a male and a female name, then the surname retains the singular form.
At the words spouses, family, brothers the surname is usually put in the singular form.
| Question #240838 | ||
Is it possible to count misuse the words "spouse"? I have always believed that it is necessary to say this when talking with a stranger, and when communicating with acquaintances, use "husband, wife." Today I listened to an excerpt from a book of essays by journalist A. Zimin, which describes a real episode when a certain lady, who considers herself to be the highest educated caste and considers everyone who uses irregular shapes speeches, pariahs and renegades, declares (I do not quote verbatim, but the meaning is preserved) that it is the use of "spouse (a)" that is the division between the upper and lower classes, akin to simple speech and indicates the speaker's non-participation in a cultural society. Thanks to.
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Use of words spouse and spouse in ordinary speech is not welcome, but not so much because it seems to indicate some kind of division into “higher” and “lower” castes, but because such use is contrary to the stylistic norm of modern literary language, gives speech mannerism, some sweetness and is qualified by a number of linguists as a manifestation of "speech philistinism".
Before words spouse and spouse did not have such stylistic shades, cf. lines from "Eugene Onegin" (Lensky's poems to Olga): "A cordial friend, a welcome friend, Come, come: I am your husband! ..". However, in modern speech the words spouse and spouse are of an official nature (in the official chronicle you can find the following combination: the President's wife visited...). In ordinary speech, the correct use of the word spouses in the plural in relation to a couple: young spouses, spouses Ivanovs. But in the singular in ordinary speech, the use of these words is regarded as bad form: such expressions as me and my wife (husband), my (my) husband (wife) should be avoided and said me and my husband / wife, my (my) wife (husband).
| Question #212874 | ||
"in the event (,) if the spouses have not reached the age of majority, it is necessary to conclude a marriage contract ..." do you need a comma? Thank you
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Husband. a man of his kind, in full years, mature; age male person, opposite. wife, woman. | Regarding a woman, wife: husband, national, master, forming a couple with his wife. Get married. Be married. What a man you have! ... ... Dictionary Dalia
Husband- husband. In other Russian. language denoted a man in general, but the meaning of spouse was also present. This coincidence is explained by the fact that in essence only a married man, that is, someone's husband, was a full-fledged adult man, a peasant. Dr. Russian husband … Russian humanitarian encyclopedic dictionary
Person * Marriage * Girl * Childhood * Soul * Wife * Woman * Maturity * Mother * Youth * Husband * Men * He and She * Father * Generation * Parents * Family * … Consolidated encyclopedia of aphorisms
Husband, faithful, partner. See the man .. the husband is blessed in the front, and the back is staggering in the back ... . Dictionary of Russian synonyms and expressions similar in meaning. under. ed. N. Abramova, M .: Russian dictionaries, 1999. husband, spouse, faithful, half, companion ... ... Synonym dictionary
HUSBAND, husband, husband. 1. (pl. husbands, husbands, husbands). A husband is a man with whom a woman is married. My male The husbands of my daughters are my sons-in-law. 2. (pl. husbands, husbands, husbands). A man in adulthood (book, obsolete, poet.). “Finally, I hear a speech not… … Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov
HUSBAND, ah, husband. 1. (pl. husbands, husbands, husbands). A man in relation to a woman, with whom he is officially married (to his wife). Country m. (trans.: about who has many different daily duties in relation to a family living on ... ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov
husband- husband, a, creative. n. eat, pl. h husband and, her, am (men) and husband I, husband to her, husband of yam (wife) ... Russian spelling dictionary
husband- HUSBAND, and, many husbands, zhy, m Male in relation to the woman with whom he is married (to his wife). My husband! she repeated. He is not my husband. I will never be his wife! (P.) … Explanatory dictionary of Russian nouns
Exist., m., use. very often Morphology: (no) whom? husband, to whom? husband, (see) whom? husband, by whom? husband, about whom? about the husband; pl. who? husbands and husbands, (no) whom? husbands, to whom? husbands and husbands, (I see) whom? husbands, who? husbands and husbands, about whom? about husbands and about ... ... Dictionary of Dmitriev
husband- HUSBAND, spouse, colloquial, joke. pious, colloquial, jocular. half, open reduced man, loose reduced spouse, uncle reduced master … Dictionary-thesaurus of synonyms of Russian speech
husband- husband /, pl. husband / and (men) and husband / I (spouses) ... Morphemic spelling dictionary
Books
- Husband and Wife, William Wilkie Collins. Husband and wife…
- Husband from the Internet, Alexander Levin. After the computer appeared in the Kuznetsovs' house family life went downhill. The son began to study worse and played computer games all day long. The husband stopped paying attention to Tatyana and that's it ...
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declension of nouns |
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word forms bodies and words(outdated forms of plural words body and word), in modern language not being plural forms. hours of words body and word and stylistically characterized as bookish and obsolete, are used as synonyms for nouns body(in relation to the body of a fat person) and word(usually with a negative assessment or in ironic contexts): Betweenplumptelesstuckleg(Aseev); Yes,there isthe words,whattourniquet,asflame,Whatshineinto the distanceanddeep into-beforebottom,ButthemsubstitutionwordsTreasonmaybebeis equal to(Tward.).
Note. Plural form h. tow- old; normative form pl. h. eyes. The form tow can only be used in stylized contexts: Where same pathos get? Maybe be, announcement in newspaper? Where outstretched hands? Where lightning hit from tow? (Distiller.).
§ 1213. The fourth type of relation of stems. All nouns on anin(spelling also janin), except for the word family man, as well as the words master, boyar, Bulgarian, mister and Tatar form plural forms. hours from the basis, equal to the basis of units. hours with clipping finals in. At the same time, the words anin, janin form all forms of indirect cases pl. hours from the base to |n| and their form. n. pl. hours from the base to |n'|: Armenians am, Armenians ami, but Armenians e. The words master, Bulgarian, mister and Tatar form plural forms. h. from the stem to a solid consonant, a pair of soft consonant stems units. hours before the final in: gentlemen a, gentlemen am (gentlemen in), bars, Bulgarians, Tatars; noun master has in them. n. pl. including variant forms bar s and bar e. In them. n. pl. h. nouns on anin, janin(except for the word family man) have inflection e(phonemic |α 1 |): Armenian - Armenians, Moldavian - Moldovans, peasant - peasants, similarly earthlings, aliens, martians. They have the same flexion in them. n. pl. h. master and boyar: bar(and bars), boyars, as well as Gypsy: gypsies. Nouns Bulgarian and Tatar have in them. n. flexion s(phonemic | and |): Bulgarians, Tatars; noun mister has inflection a: gentlemen.
All of the listed words with a cut-off plural in the stem. h. finale in have in the genus. n. zero inflection: Armenians,Moldovans,peasants,Bulgarians,boyars,gentlemen.
Note. Truncation of the base units. hours at the expense of the final in, also occurs in the plural forms. h. noun brother-in-law(see § 1211).
From the truncated base units. hours form plural forms. h. noun husband. R. flower(plural - flowers), avg. R. vessel(ship) (pl. - court) and wives. R. hen(pl. chickens; if it is emphasized that we are talking about females, truncation may not occur: Roosterjumpedwithwattle fenceandretiredtotheirchickens. Shuksh.; in phraseology: aswetChicken, open). In the genus n. words vessel and flower have inflection ov(courts,colors), word hen- zero inflection ( chickens).
§ 1214. The fifth type of ratio of bases. The words child and Human form plural forms. including from suppletive bases de|t'| and lu|d'|: children,people. In the genus n. words children,people have inflection her:children,of people; in tv. n. - flexion mi:children,people.
Note. The form people used only jokingly or ironically, for example, in the expression: all we people, all people; formations are also normal: demihumans(as well as demihumans), subhuman from those commonly used in units. hours of words demihuman, subhuman in meaning (inferior, not a real person). Forms of cosv. pad., formed not from a suppletive basis, are normally used in quantitative combinations: two Human, three people, with five people, about five people. In contexts emphasizing the belonging of a person to the animal world, sometimes there is a non-normative form of the genus. n. pl. h. people: apart stood fantastic figures half beasts, demigods and humanin, curved, with intertwined hands, bared teeth, distorted grimaces(Sand.). AT literature XIX in. genus form. P. people how stylistically neutral is found in the language of poetry: Day - this brilliant cover - Day, terrestrial revival, souls aching healing, Friend people and gods! (Tyutch.).
Nouns that do not form separate plural forms. Ch.
§ 1215. Some words in plural. Ch. They do not form certain forms, i.e., they have incomplete paradigms of many others. Ch. These are the following cases.
1) Do not form gender forms. n. pl. h. the following words are female. R.: a) mga,haze,bribe,dark(gloom) ; b) consonant words + ca:foulbrood,filthy,laziness,pollen,dogtrot,salt,hoarseness, as well as coffers,damask,yearning,cod. Plural forms. hours of the listed words in use are very rare.
2) Do not occur in the use of the form genus. n. pl. hours of words dream,head,supplication. These forms are usually replaced by synonymous word forms: dreams(instead of * dream),goals(instead of * head or * head),requests(instead of * pleading).
3) All plural forms are uncommon. hours of words crown.
4) At the words cheek and woodworker there are no other forms besides the form genus. n. pl. h.
Nouns in the adjectival declension
§ 1216. According to the adjectival declension, nouns that have the form im. p. units h. one of the inflections characteristic of the forms of them. p. units h. adjectives of the adjectival declension (see § 1310), i.e. inflections oh and uy(spelling also th) for nouns husband. R.; and I(spelling also ya) in nouns wives. R.; oh(spelling also her) in noun environments. R.; ie(spelling also s) for nouns pluralia tantum: tailor, counselor, worker, comma, insect, tips. Substantivized adjectives and participles form a significant part of the nouns of the adjective declension (see § 543-549). The varieties in the declension of these nouns and the phonemic composition of their inflections are the same as in the adjective declension (see 1310–1314). For nouns that change according to the adjectival declension, in the plural. hours and words husband. R. in units h. morphologically expressed belonging to the category of animate or inanimate: animate nouns have the same inflection gender. and wine. n., in inanimate inflections to them. and wine. P.
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Singular |
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masculine |
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day off oh |
two hryvnia th |
working uy |
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day off wow |
two hryvnia wow |
working his |
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day off omu |
two hryvnia omu |
working him |
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day off oh |
two hryvnia th |
working his |
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day off th |
two hryvnia th |
working them |
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aboutday off ohm |
abouttwo hryvnia ohm |
aboutworking eat |
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Neuter gender |
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animal oh |
subject to her |
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animal wow |
subject to his |
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animal omu |
subject to him |
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animal oh |
subject to her |
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animal th |
subject to them |
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aboutanimal ohm |
aboutsubject to eat |
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comma and I |
maid and I |
manager and I |
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comma oh |
maid oh |
manager her |
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comma oh |
maid oh |
manager her |
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comma wow |
maid wow |
manager wow |
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comma oh ( oyu) |
maid oh ( oyu) |
manager her ( oyu) |
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aboutcomma oh |
aboutmaid oh |
abouthead |
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Plural |
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masculine |
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day off s |
two hryvnia s |
working ie |
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day off s |
two hryvnia s |
working them |
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day off th |
two hryvnia th |
working them |
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day off s |
two hryvnia s |
working them |
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day off s |
two hryvnia s |
working them |
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aboutday off s |
abouttwo hryvnia s |
aboutworking them |
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Neuter gender |
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animal s |
subject to ie |
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animal s |
subject to them |
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animal th |
subject to them |
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animal s |
subject to ie |
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animal s |
subject to them |
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aboutanimal s |
aboutsubject to them |
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Feminine |
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comma s |
maid s |
manager ie |
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comma s |
maid s |
manager them |
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comma th |
maid th |
manager them |
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comma s |
maid s |
manager them |
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comma s |
maid s |
manager them |
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aboutcomma s |
aboutmaid s |
aboutmanager them |
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| " |
For masculine nouns Czech includes nouns that end in:
- hard consonant: brambor, pilot, dům, pes
- into a soft consonant: nůž, konec, boj, křiz
- some animate nouns ending in a vowel: neposeda, přednosta, škůdce, soudce
The masculine gender in Czech is divided into animated and inanimate nouns. This affects the endings of nouns when we work with cases. Feminine and middle are not divided into animate and inanimate.
Plural. animated
| Kdo? Co?
Who? What? |
pan ove
pan i |
muž i | predsed ove | soudc ove
soudc i |
Jir í |
| Koho? Cheho?
Whom? What? |
pan ů | muž ů | predsed ů | soudc ů | Jir ich |
| Koho? Co?
Whom? What? |
pan y | muž e | predsed y | soudc e | Jir í |
Following the example of the word pan– pan ove(pan i) words will be declined: syn, právník, lev, student, president, voják.
Following the example of the word muž– muž ove(muž i) the words will be declined: ředitel, držitel, uklízeč, cizinec, rodič.
Following the example of the word predseda– predsed ove the words will decline: bandita, starosta, kolega, hrdina, policista.
Following the example of the word soudce– soudc ove(soudc i) the words will be declined: správce, dárce, zrádce, vládce, průvodce.
Following the example of the word Jiri– Jir í words will be declined: krejčí, průvodčí, vedoucí, výpravčí, dozorčí.
It can be seen that the plural in the case "Who? What?" we got by adding the ending to the word -ove or -i.
Plural. inanimate
| Kdo? Co?
Who? What? |
hrad y | stroj e |
| Koho? Cheho?
Whom? What? |
hrad ů | stroj ů |
| Koho? Co?
Whom? What? |
hrad y | stroj e |
Following the example of the word hrad words will be declined: most, strom, obchod, pas, stůl, balkon.
Following the example of the word stroj words will be declined: počítač, cíl, míč, klíč, čaj, měsíc.
Now, in order to use our time even more rationally, we will put an adjective in front of these nouns in these three cases and see what ending it takes.
Inanimate masculine nouns in the plural are characterized by the ending -é : strom y(trees) jsou mlad é (young) .
Animated masculine nouns in the plural are characterized by the ending -í : muz i(men) jsou mlad í (young) .
From the topic Adjectives in Czech. Male gender. The only number we know is that in the Czech language there is also a so-called. "soft adjective"- characterized by a soft ending -í .
The most commonly used adjectives in this group are: mobilní, právní, cizí, krajní, denní, noční, místní, lokální, státní, poslední, finanční, ostatní, první, třetí.
Soft adjectives are not inflected for number and gender.
So, in order to distinguish by what type we need to inflect an adjective in the plural, we need to put the adjective from the plural into the singular - soft adjectives will remain with the ending -í , and solids in the singular will get their characteristic -ý .
You can double-check yourself for any word in the Czech language on the website slovnik.seznam.cz.
With adjectives, everything is very simple.
We enter them into our tables and get:
| Kdo? Co?
Who? What? |
mlad í /ciz í | pan ove
pan i |
muž i | predsed ove
(husite) |
soudc ove
soudc i |
Jir í |
| Koho? Cheho?
Whom? What? |
mlad ech/ciz ich | pan ů | muž ů
(přatel) |
predsed ů | soudc ů | Jir ich |
| Koho? Co?
Whom? What? |
mlad é /ciz í | pan y | muž e | predsed y | soudc e | Jir í |
| Kdo? Co?
Who? What? |
Velk é /prvn í | hrad y | stroj e |
| Koho? Cheho?
Whom? What? |
Velk ech/prvn ich | hrad ů | stroj ů |
| Koho? Co?
Whom? What? |
Velk é /prvn í | hrad y | stroj e |
Noun declension "days", "people", "guests"– common words in Czech:
| Kdo? Co?
Who? What? |
Velk é /velcí/prvn í | dn y/dn i | lead é | host é |
| Koho? Cheho?
Whom? What? |
Velk ech/prvn ich | dn í /dn ů | lead í | host ů |
| Koho? Co?
Whom? What? |
Velk é /prvn í | dn i
dn y |
lead i | host y |
In the masculine plural in Czech adjectives, in addition to endings, you need to pay attention to changes in letters in the word itself:
Similar endings:
As in Russian, different prepositions correspond to cases.
Whom? What? (Genitive = 2. pád)
od– odchazim od kamaradů (leaving friends)
do- do lesů (to the forest), nastupujte do vozů (get in cars)
bez– bez partnerů (without partners)
krom(e)– kromě manželů (except for husbands)
misto– misto rublů vezmi dolary (instead of rubles, take dollars)
podle– podle zakonu (according to laws)
podel / kolem– kolem hradů (around the forts)
okolo– okolo zamků (near/around castles)
u– u domů (at the houses)
bucket– zastavky vedle obchodů (stops near shops)
behem– během vikendů (during weekends/weekends)
pomoci– pomoci šroubováků (using screwdrivers)
za– za starých casů (in old times)
Whom? What? (Akuzativ = 4. pád)
pro– darky pro muže (Presents for men)
pred– dej stoly pred televizi (put tables in front of the TV)
mimo – (past, outside of something, apart from, apart from someone/something other than, beyond something)– ochrana dřevin rostoucích mimo lesy (protection of trees growing outside the forest), mimo soudy (not for ships)
na– pověste oblečení na věšáky (hang clothes on hangers)
pod(e)– všechno pada pod stoly (everything falls under the tables)
o– zvýšit o 2 stupně (upgrade by 2 levels), boje o poháry (battles for cups)
po– jsem po kotniky ve vodě (I'm ankle-deep (ankle - m. R.) in water)
v– věřit v zakony (believe in laws)
