This is one of our strongest intuitive fears: to be at a depth, far below the surface of the earth with an incredible burning sensation in the lungs. Drowning causes hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide every year, most of which are young children.

Of course, water is a key factor when a person drowns, but there is also strong economic correlation.

That is, in poor countries, people drown much more often. For example, in Bangladesh, 17,000 children drown every year, that's 46 people a day.

Here are 10 facts about drowning, from a lake that never gives up its victims to a lifeguard party that ended in a deadly irony.

10. The lake where they can never find a person who drowned in it

Hidden in the Sierra Nevada American mountains between California and Nevada, lake tahoe is a popular holiday destination, which, however, is shrouded in a frightening mystery. The lake is very massive and deep (501 meters).

During the summer months, the lake becomes a real paradise for swimmers, boaters and water skiers. But they don't understand what's real underneath them cemetery.

Each of us must have seen on TV or in some criminal programs how a corpse floating on the surface is removed from the water. When a person becomes drowned, he goes to the bottom and stays there until his lungs are filled with water.

Shortly thereafter, bacteria begin to thrive inside the corpse, which causes the accumulation of gases, and the body floats to the surface like a cork.

In Lake Tahoe, the water is so cold that it inhibits bacteria, therefore, bodies rarely float. Due to the fact that the lake is located very high (1.9 km above sea level), divers cannot go down to the depth, as in an ordinary reservoir, therefore the bodies of drowned people are never found.

In 2011, several divers descended 107 meters underwater using specialized equipment and discovered the body of Donald Windecker, who went missing in 1995 year.

His body was in water at a temperature of 1.7 degrees Celsius at a depth of 81 meters for 16 years! It has been preserved very well due to the cold depths where bacteria cannot thrive.

No one knows how many thousands more corpses lie at the bottom of this lake, which after a summer vacation is regularly replenished with new drowned people.

How a man drowns

9. A person drowns differently in fresh and salt water

© Nata_Snow/Getty Images

At first glance, it may seem that swimming in the ocean is much more dangerous than swimming in a lake. Rumbling waves and rip currents can easily kill a person. But the statistics that say that 90 percent of drownings occur in fresh water.

To understand the reason for this, you need to delve a little into chemistry. Fresh water, unlike salt, more in its composition resembles our blood. When it enters the lungs, it passes through osmosis into the bloodstream.

Diluted with water, blood cells burst, leading to multiple organ failure. The whole process takes no more 2-3 minutes.

Ocean water contains much more salt than human blood. When a person begins to choke, the body tries to protect itself by "thickening" the blood and "transferring" water to the lungs.

In order to die in salt water, a person would need 8-10 minutes, thus the chances of salvation are much higher.

8. Delayed drowning

© Rasa Pakalkiene / Getty Images

In 2008, 10-year-old autistic Johnny Jackson played in the vicinity of Goose Creek Pool, South Carolina, under the watchful eyes of his mother. Johnny had soft pillows on his arms that kept him on the water, but, nevertheless, he still swallowed some water.

He coughed a little and seemed to come to his senses. This is not unusual, it happens, as a rule, with many children who go swimming. After that, the boy did not have any breathing problems.

Upon returning home, his mother helped him take a bath, and the boy went to bed.

A few minutes later, the mother returned to Johnny's room to check if he had fallen asleep, only to find her son with foam at the mouth and blue lips. Johnny died of cardiac arrest on the way to the hospital.

He breathed in too a large number of water, which slowly took the oxygen out of his body and killed him. This rare condition is known as "delayed drowning".

Heartbroken mother Cassandra lamented: "I never thought that a child could walk and talk with lungs filled with water." Although it can happen to anyone, in fact, children are the most susceptible to such things.

Pediatricians advise that if, after bathing, your child's behavior seems strange to you, or he has problems breathing, then you should immediately consult a doctor.

dead sea water

7. Dead Sea

© michelangeloop / Getty Images

This sea got its name due to the fact that the salinity of the water practically deprived it of life. The sea is located between Israel and Jordan and is popular with tourists.

Everyone knows that the water in this sea is so salty that it is impossible to drown in it. It is true that in the usual way it is almost impossible to drown in it, that is, to completely submerge under water.

The human body is held by the waters of the Dead Sea, so it is difficult to touch the bottom with your feet. But, if you decide to dive, then it may end badly for you. Even swallowing just a few sips of water full of minerals and salts, you will disturb the electrolyte balance and fill your body with toxins.

Many people who swallowed water and did not drown immediately after that pass long period of rehabilitation, as the internal organs suffer greatly from chemical burns and pneumonia.

In the most advanced cases, dialysis may be required.

Death penalty: drowning

6. Death penalty

Drowning was used as death penalty over the millennia. Surprisingly, this type of death penalty was considered "noble" and, as a rule, it was "cherished" for women and privileged men.

Most countries abandoned this practice in the 17th century, but during the time of the fight against witches and during the French Revolution, there was a revival of this tradition.

In Salem and elsewhere, the process of identifying a woman as a witch was quite cruel. The man was hung upside down and thrown into the water. If the woman did not belong to the clan of witches, then she floundered, and then drowned, going under water, while the witch, using black magic, floated to the surface and was subjected to death from other weapons.

A lot of people died during the French Revolution because new methods had to be tested, before "going to the conveyor". The guillotine was surprisingly effective, but could only deal with one person at a time.

The period from November 1873 to February 1874 was very tragic and is known as the "Reign of Terror". On the orders of the revolutionary Jean-Baptiste Carrier, thousands of people were executed in Nantes, France on suspicion of disloyalty to the crown.

These people were gathered together, loaded onto barges and drowned in the river, calling the event a "national bath".

5. A man drowns differently than they show in the movies.

© mihtiander/Getty Images Pro

In film and television, the drowning scene is stereotypical - the victim is very actively and desperately clinging to the last chance to survive. IN real life everything happens differently. When a person realizes that he is about to drown, he is overtaken by a condition known as "the instinctive reaction of a drowning man."

This state is completely devoid of drama, even if swimmers or rescuers are in sight of the drowning person. Experts recommend in such cases, if it seems to a person that the behavior of the "swimmer" near him is strange, then immediately take appropriate measures.

A drowning person will not be able to answer an elementary question, and will also not be able to swim to rescue equipment, so do not waste precious seconds and help him.

How people drown

That's how it usually is looks drowning, according to Dr. Francesco A. Pia:

In very rare cases, a drowning person is able to physiologically call for help. The first function of the respiratory system is breathing, speech is secondary. Therefore, in order to start talking again, you first need to restore breathing.

The mouth of a drowning person now goes under the water, then again appears above the surface. However, when the mouth is above the water, it is not enough to exhale, inhale, and then call for help. When he emerges, he only has time to breathe in and out, after which he immediately plunges again under the water.

A drowning person cannot wave his arms to attract attention. He instinctively, trying to push off the water, stretches his arms to the sides. These are precisely the movements due to which he floats to the surface and can take a breath.

All because of the same instincts, the drowning person is not able to control the movements of his hands. A person who is trying to stay on the water cannot physiologically "stop sinking" and make meaningful movements - head towards the rescuers, wave his arms or grab the rescue equipment.

During the period of action of the instinctive reaction, the person is in an upright position, while the legs do not give any sign of supporting movements. If the rescuer does not remove it from the water, then after staying on the surface for 20-60 seconds, the person will completely go under water.

Signs of a drowning person

Here are some signs to look out for in order to understand that a person is drowning:

1) The head is in the water, and the mouth is at the surface;

2) The mouth is half open or open, and the head is thrown back;

3) The look is empty, not focused;

4) Eyes can be closed;

5) Hair on the forehead and eyes;

6) A person does not move his legs, stays on the water in an upright position;

7) Above the surface, a person breathes often, literally swallowing air;

8) Unsuccessfully tries to swim in some direction;

9) Unsuccessful attempts to roll over onto your back;

10) It may seem to you that a drowning man is climbing a rope ladder.

4. Diving reflex of mammals

© DAPA Images

At the dawn of their existence, people, apparently, did not have any ability to survive in the water. We are relatively poor swimmers compared to other animals.

However, humans are endowed with an evolutionary adaptation that allows aquatic animals such as whales and seals to stay submerged for long periods of time: diving reflex of mammals.

When a person's face touches the water, then the series begins involuntary physiological reactions, which are designed to save lives. The airways close, the heart rate slows, and the capillaries in the skin and limbs constrict, thereby directing blood to vital organs.

All of this serves the dual purpose of keeping the organs oxygenated and insulating them from the ever-increasing water pressure. Unfortunately, it also drains the strength of the limbs.

The manifestation of this reflex most often occurs in drowning children. They actually have a much better chance of recovery than an adult. At the same time, than colder water the better, as a slow metabolism allows the body to enter a hibernation-like state.

Thanks to this reflex, many drowning children, removed from the water after a few minutes of being in it, can be resuscitated relatively quickly without any neurological damage.

3. Drowning animals

© hkuchera / Getty Images

Animals are often smarter than we think they are. As a rule, they use all the features environment in your own interest. For instance, raccoons are very charming creatures if left untouched.

They are not particularly dangerous, but can turn into wild fighters when attacked. Most raccoon confrontations happen with domestic dogs determined to kill the raccoon. However, the fighter has a trump card.

If the "battle" takes place near a body of water, then a smart little creature will try to sneak out there. And when the dog follows him, the raccoon will attack the dog, striking on the head and trying to drown.

In Australia, kangaroos use a similar tactic to defend against dingo attacks. Otters are especially diabolical. They breed ferociously in the water, and the female sometimes drowns during mating. Male otters love to attack young seals, raping and killing them.

2. Juveniles drown more often

© Sergey Novikov

There are many different types accidents that claim human lives indiscriminately, but drowning is sometimes very specific in the choice of victims. For example, in most countries men drown in the vast majority of cases much more often than women.

This is not due to any physiological difference. The point is that men more inclined to the use of alcoholic products and risky behavior in the water.

As for minors, things are even worse. In the United States alone, African American children aged 5 to 14 are almost three times more likely to die from drowning than than white children of the same age.

The most pronounced statistics at the age of 11-12 years. This is the age when African Americans in 10 times (!) drown more often. Again, this is not related to any physiological difference between blacks and whites. It's all about getting used to the water.

Most African Americans live in urban centers where there are fewer opportunities to go to the pool and learn how to swim.

1. Irony of fate

© zoff-photo / Getty Images

Nowhere would you feel more protected than at a lifeguard event. But in 1985, a man drowned at a party in New Orleans, Louisiana. The party was dedicated to the fact that over the past summer no one drowned in any of the city's pools.

There were about 200 people at the party, more than half of whom were certified lifeguards. Moreover, four of them served on that fateful evening when 31-year-old Jerome Moody died(Jerome Moody).

The details of his death are unknown, but the man's body was discovered when the evening was almost over, and the guests went out to the balcony to admire the pool. Immediately, the attempts made to resuscitate Jerome turned out to be unsuccessful.

Not surprisingly, this turn of events was very painful. In addition to the fact that a man died, he drowned at the evening dedicated to the first season without drowned people in many years.

We all saw in the movies how people drown. Therefore, we all know exactly what a drowning person looks like: he screams, begging for help, flounders in the water, beats the water with his hands and feet, raising clouds of spray, periodically goes under the water, then emerges again, spitting and renewing screams, but gradually under it is more and more water, and emerges less often. And if you imagine drowning in this way, however, like the vast majority of people, then you should know that a person next to you can drown, and you won’t even notice it, because there is nothing to do with the cinematic picture of drowning and how it happens on really. Everything would be fine, you never know, in what else cinema embellishes and dramatizes reality, with one exception: drowning is the second most common cause of death in children from accidents, and about half of the children drown in front of their parents, who do not come to the rescue on time, because they just don't understand what's going on.

Why don't people drown like in the movies?

The task of the actor is to make it clear that some kind of action is taking place, this is the essence of acting. In life, a drowning person cannot make it clear that he is drowning, for physiological reasons, and therefore the process itself occurs so quickly, quietly and inexpressively that it is completely unsuitable for depiction in a movie. And now a little more in detail and in order:

1. A drowning person is unable to call for help. This happens because all his strength is spent on maintaining breathing, which is a paramount, vital function. Speech is not such, and therefore, when you catch your breath, it is impossible to scream - unless a person, having quickly oriented himself, managed to do this before actually starting to drown, which happens extremely rarely. Then the person's mouth goes under water, and convulsive movements that allow you to stay afloat are not enough to make a full breath, exhale and provide a cry. As a rule, in this state, the reserve of forces is enough for only a few jerky breaths;

2. The human body does not lie flat on the water, pounding with hands and feet, but is in an upright position. At the same time, the legs do not support the body in any way, moving convulsively and inefficiently at best, and the arms make instinctive movements in an attempt to push off the surface of the water, and therefore a person is also unable to swing his arms;

3. A drowning person not only cannot call for help or draw attention to himself in any other way, but he also cannot perform meaningful actions, for example, make a dash towards a lifebuoy or other life-saving devices. At this time, the deep structures of the psyche operate, the biological survival mechanism, the person is in the grip of the strongest of instincts, and therefore it is completely useless to call him and give him instructions, this is just a waste of precious time, which, by the way, is very small. The entire drowning process takes 20 to 60 seconds. Thus, it can be described as extremely fast and silent.

Panic state

What about those people who beat the water with their hands and feet, and loudly call for help? Does this mean that they are liars or overly emotional and fool around for nothing? Oddly enough, most of the time it doesn't. This behavior is characteristic of the state of panic, which sometimes precedes drowning. Panic, of course, can be erroneous, but on the water you should never rely on chance and reassure yourself that it is possible, this is a joke. Panic can be both a precursor to drowning and its direct cause, this condition means that a person is in trouble. Unlike drowning itself, in a state of panic, a person is capable of not only instinctive movements, he also reacts to rescue teams and can perform meaningful actions, since panic is a reaction of consciousness to an imminent danger. You should know that the state of panic does not last very long before a person begins to drown, and besides, it often does not happen at all - drowning people do not always have time to figure out what happened.

Signs that a person is drowning

So, the following signs most likely indicate that a person is drowning:

• The head does not rise completely above the water, the mouth is under water or at the water level;
• A person is vertically in the water, pushing off the water with his hands, and making movements with his legs, as if climbing a rope ladder;
• A person tries to lean back, while opening his mouth and taking convulsive breaths, trying to roll over on his back;
• Suffices a mouth air, breath sharp, short;
• The eyes are either closed or do not focus on objects, the look is meaningless, "pensive" - ​​which, in combination with the previous signs, looks like dissonance;
• The hair hangs down, covering the eyes, and the person makes no attempt to push it back for better visibility.

How not to make a mistake

With absolute certainty, it is possible to say that a person has drowned only after his lifeless body is pulled out of the water. Therefore, if you see warning signs of drowning or a panic that precedes it, if you assume that a person is in trouble, simply call out to him and ask if he is all right. If you don't get a response, or if you get a blank stare in response, know that you need to act immediately, as you have extremely little time left.

Rules of conduct on the water for parents

Parents traveling with children to the pond should know that they do not have the right to relax completely. Regardless of whether the child can or cannot swim, he must be in sight all the time. Do not rely too much on inflatables: bright circles, balls, colorful mattresses, funny toys and even supportive armlets and vests. On each of these items it is written that it is not a life-saving device, but is just a toy, the slightest damage, and this item will become an additional risk factor. Even if the child is splashing near the shore or in the "paddling pool", be close, watch, call out to him. Always be alert if the child is silent. Silence is not typical for children, especially in the water, if the screeching, happy cries and screams subsided, immediately go to the child and make sure that everything is in order with him.

You should also consider the direct route of entry of helminths into the brain - from the ear canal.

Where are the worms in the ears?

Worms can get into the ear from dirty water: when a person in an untested body of water dives head first.

Specialists distinguish two types of worms that can enter the human brain:

• echinococcus larva;
• pig tapeworm larva.

Carrying out diagnostics

Tired of dizziness and headache, the person goes to the doctor. And a good specialist does not just examine the patient and interrogate him, but usually recommends additional examinations before prescribing drugs:

• take a blood and urine test;
• take an X-ray of the head;
• undergo magnetic resonance imaging;
• undergo a CT scan.

Most often, helminths are detected with magnetic resonance imaging - as cystic neoplasms. This is just the option when a simple accident can sometimes save a person's life.

This is important: you should definitely take an analysis to determine the level of eosinophils. It is this analysis that helps to establish that there are helminth larvae in the brain cavity.

The best option for suspected development of helminthic invasion in the brain is to pass an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, an analysis for eosinophils and undergo magnetic resonance imaging. To clarify the diagnosis, a study of the level of eosinophs in the blood and in the cerebrospinal fluid is carried out (cerebrospinal fluid can be taken from the spinal cord).

A person can pick up a tapeworm larva by eating unwashed vegetables, raw meat. Echinococci enter the human body from a dog. It is extremely rare for a human brain to be affected by roundworms or Naegleria fowleri.

And the main sign of brain damage is severe pain.

It can be acute, appearing from time to time for several years. Sometimes patients experience monotonous, aching pain. The nature of pain sensations depends on where the worm is located, how fast it grows, whether it touches large blood vessels, whether it has access to the nerve nodes.

Symptoms may vary depending on how affected the brain is and what type of helminth develops in it. Consider the possible course of the disease in the most common helminthic invasions of the brain.

Neurocysticercosis (cysticercosis of the brain)

Since cysticercus is an object alien to the brain, an inflammatory process occurs around it, a fibrous capsule is formed. The larvae die over time (they can live for a year or two, feeding on the intracapsular fluid), and the capsule becomes stronger and accumulates calcium.

Finns can be in the brain for 6-7 years. At the same time, cysts disrupt the blood circulation of the brain, provoke an inflammatory process, and cause swelling of the brain. Capsules put pressure on the tissues of the gray matter, impair the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid.

Depending on where the tapeworm larvae are located, the disease is divided into several types:

The main symptoms of the disease:

• epileptic seizures;
• paralysis and paresis of the limbs - partial or complete decrease in the sensitivity of the arms and legs;
• violation of the perception of addressed speech;
• dyslexia;
• deterioration in coordination;
• decrease in intellectual abilities;
• development of dementia;
• uncontrollability of the limbs;
• the appearance of delirium, hallucinations;
• bursting headache;
• ear noise;
• photophobia;
• loss of consciousness;
• increased sweating;
• pallor of the skin.

Signs of helminthic invasion of the brain can appear in combination or separately. Together with the growth of cysts, the patient's condition worsens, the lack of treatment can lead to disability, death of a person.

Echinococcosis

This disease is divided into solitary - with the formation of a single cyst and racemose - with the formation of a cluster of cysts. Echinococcus larva develops inside the bladder. The bubble is a cyst consisting of two shells: an inner, soft, surrounding the embryo, and an outer, hard, consisting of chitin.

The bladder contains echinococcal fluid, in which daughter echinococci appear. Because of this, the cyst can grow very quickly - literally 1 mm per month in diameter.

Echinococcus

Echinococcus cyst grows, puts pressure on brain cells, compresses large and small blood vessels, disrupts the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid. Live echinococcus, daughter bubbles secrete metabolic products. At the same time, the human body is poisoned, symptoms of intoxication, allergic reactions appear.

Characteristic features diseases:

• headaches;
• frequent dizziness;
• visual impairment;
• elliptomorphic seizures;
• paresis and paralysis of the limbs;
• increased intracranial pressure;
• depressive states;
• nervous excitement.

The disease lasts a long time, the first period may not have any symptoms, marked by rare headaches. With the growth of echinococcal cysts, signs of brain damage by worms increase. A person's coordination is disturbed, attention falls, dementia develops.

Rupture of the echinococcal bladder can provoke anaphylactic shock, a powerful inflammatory process, loss of consciousness, and death of the patient.

Treatment

Having answered positively the question “Are there worms in a person’s head?”, Enough time should be devoted to therapeutic measures.

Remember that only a doctor can make the right treatment for the brain!

• praziquantel;
• aldbenazole.

• diuretic - to reduce swelling of the brain;
• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs - to eliminate the inflammatory process, relieve pain;
• hormonal drugs - to eliminate reactions to allergens;
• anticonvulsants - to relieve epileptic seizures.

If cysts in neurocysticercosis calcify, grow strongly, and do not respond to therapeutic treatment, surgical intervention is prescribed.

Multiple cysts of the brain cannot be removed. There are also situations when the helminth bladder reaches such a size that it is impossible to cut it out without consequences. In this case, doctors try to make the patient's life as easy as possible, to eliminate the severe consequences of brain damage.

Prevention

In order to prevent the disease, it is necessary to observe preventive measures:

• wash hands before eating;
• do not eat raw meat, fish;
• carry out preventive treatment of pets.

Anyone who has noticed the unpleasant symptoms of helminthic invasion should urgently consult a doctor and begin treatment. If preventive measures have not helped, it is better to cure the disease at an early stage, avoiding significant effects on the brain.

• 1 How is it transmitted?
• 2 When does the disease appear?
• 3 Risk of human infection with demodicosis
  • 3.1 Is it possible to get infected from a person?
  • 3.2 Is it possible to get infected from animals?
• 4 Disease prevention

Many people are interested in the questions: is demodicosis contagious and can it be infected from animals and people? Demodicosis is a disease that is characterized by damage to the skin and hair. The disease has another name - rosacea, and it provokes a subcutaneous tick. In appearance, acne and demodicosis in humans are very similar, as they affect the sebaceous glands. However, tick infestation has a completely different development. That is why it is important to understand in detail how dangerous the disease is and how you can get infected.

How is it transmitted?

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When does the disease appear?

The mite most often affects the skin of the face and neck.

The disease manifests itself in the form of redness of the skin (mainly the face), which subsequently develops acne. The rash is often most pronounced near the nose, on the chin and on the forehead. Sometimes redness can be observed on the back, chest and in the groin area. The affected skin begins to tingle, there is severe itching, tightness of the skin, which becomes shiny and flaky, and the pores expand.

In situations where demodicosis has affected the eyes, the patient develops purulent discharge from them, the eyelashes become thinner and begin to fall out. If the mites have struck the skin of the head, the patient develops seborrhea, which is characterized by increased sebum secretion, as well as severe hair loss.

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The risk of human infection with demodicosis

Conditions in which you can become infected with the disease:

• reduced immunity;
• period of pregnancy;
• disruption of the endocrine system;
• severe stress;
• smoking;
• alcohol abuse;
• unhealthy diet;
• sleep problems;
• the use of certain drugs;
• allergic reactions;
• frequent visits to baths and saunas.

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Is it possible to get infected from a person?

Ticks can be transmitted from an infected patient.

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Is it possible to get infected from animals?

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Disease prevention

To avoid infection with demodicosis, it is important for a person to adhere to simple rules, the first of which will be careful personal hygiene. In addition, it is important to treat any diseases of the skin and inflammation as soon as possible. You should not wear other people's clothing and use their hygiene products and cosmetics. It will also be useful to maintain a healthy balanced diet, stop smoking and drinking alcohol and avoid stressful situations. In cases of the appearance of the first symptoms, it is important not to self-medicate and immediately seek the advice of a doctor, since the disease is much easier to cure at the initial stage.

Visual manifestations of any dermatological diseases in most cases are far from pleasant. As practice shows, even the majority of medical students educational institutions and young doctors, when looking at photos with images of samples of such pathologies, experience a feeling of disgust. The first thought that comes to mind is, are they contagious?

If you do not take into account, rare dermatological pathologies, such as chicken pox, porferia, hypertrichosis and others, it is worth understanding how high the probability of invasion is. It is also important how you can protect your body from such a disease that can affect both people and animals.

• Cheeks.
• Chin.
• Eyebrow line.
• eyelids.
• Front and back of the neck.
• Shoulders.

In rare cases, the mite affects the skin of the back, head, and groin area. When infected with a tick, in the initial stage, bright symptoms of pathology appear. Characteristic signs appear as:

• Numerous pink pimples.
• Profuse loss of hair and eyelashes.
• The skin in the affected area acquires an earthy gray tint.
• Intense itching sensation and redness.
• Increased dryness and feeling of tightness of the skin.
• The pores on the face become more open, which leads to the formation of sebaceous plugs.
• The nose may increase in size.
• The development of conjunctivitis with the release of purulent exudate.

The main factors contributing to the infection with deodecosis are:

• Close contact with the patient, especially contact with hair, eyebrows and sebaceous glands.
• Use of shared bed linens.
• Failure to follow the rules of personal hygiene.
• Use of joint cosmetic products, clothing and personal hygiene products.

The fact that the infection of a healthy body occurs through contact with the patient, doctors do not classify demodicosis as a contagious disease. The argument for this is the presence of an opportunistic pathogen.

Provoking clinical signs of pathology is possible only when creating favorable conditions for the activation of the pathogen. Most often, this disease affects 1/3 of children, 2/3 of the elderly and half of adulthood.

How is demodicosis transmitted?

Doctors distinguish some pathological and physiological conditions caused by helminthic invasion and provoking its active reproduction on the skin. They should include:

• genetic predisposition.
• Diabetes mellitus of any type.
• Prolonged stress.
• Dysfunctions of the endocrine system.
• Weak immunity.
• Heredity.
• Frequent use of alcoholic beverages.
• Abuse of spicy foods and spices.
• Constant fatigue.
• The period of gestation of the intrauterine fetus.
• Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet rays on the skin.
• Regular visits to the solarium.
• Violation of the scheme of taking hormonal drugs.
• Issomnia.
• The tendency to develop allergic reactions in the body.
• Pathology of the liver.
• The use of cosmetics, which include hormonal drugs.
• Frequent visits to bath complexes and spa centers.

As a result, it is worth noting that demodicosis, and its causative agent, does not apply to pathology. But, the presence of physiological factors that provoke the activation of the subcutaneous tick contribute to negative impact on the general health of the human body.

Experts distinguish the following methods of infection:

• Kiss.
• Embrace.
• Use of clothing and hygiene items for the patient.
• Spending time together in bed.

In addition, the tick can enter the human body through bedding, pillows, feather beds and straw. But, if contact with an infected person is inevitable, experts recommend using liquid detergents daily. They should have antibacterial, antiseptic and anti-demodectic effects.

The likelihood that demodicosis is transmitted to a person is quite minimal. But, such a fact should not relax potential patients. Strict observance of the rules of personal hygiene and minimal contact with the infected will significantly reduce the likelihood of infestation with a subcutaneous tick.

Also an important factor is the observance of the fundamentals proper nutrition, the main point of which is the balance and use of all food groups. At the same time, it is necessary to exclude the use of alcoholic beverages, to stop smoking tobacco products. It would be useful to minimize, and ideally, eliminate stressful situations altogether.

If the first signs of the development of demodicosis appear on the skin, it is strictly forbidden to independently treat the disease. Timely appeal for qualified medical help will allow you to quickly and effectively cure this ailment.

Therapy in the initial stage is gentle and is carried out in a shorter time. The neglected form of this pathology can cause serious damage to the skin, which will bring a lot of aesthetic discomfort.

Compliance with the standard rules of prevention will avoid the development of demodicosis in the body. And knowledge of the primary symptoms of this pathology will help in case of infection to respond correctly and provide qualified assistance.

When pink pimples are detected, it is strictly forbidden to squeeze them out on your own or pierce them with a needle. This way of getting rid of the visual manifestations of the disease will only aggravate the state of health and skin as well.

Useful video

And finally, a short video:

Drowning is one of the leading causes of unintentional death worldwide. However, despite the fact that all people strive to prevent drowning, it is not always clear that a person is drowning, because he does not have enough strength and time to attract attention to himself. If you learn to recognize the signs that a person is drowning, learn how to give first aid, and become careful in the water, you can prevent drowning.

Steps

Signs that a person is drowning

Learn to distinguish the signs of drowning from the signs of panic in the water. While both can be dangerous, learning to correctly identify the signs that a person is drowning will allow you to notice a particularly dangerous situation in time and take action.

Remember the signs of panic in the water. A person who experiences panic in the water often behaves in a way that many people think a drowning person behaves. Panic in the water is also serious, but most often the panic does not last long, and a person can help himself by grabbing a limiter or a lifebuoy. Signs of panic in the water include the following:

Be aware of the signs of drowning. Contrary to what is shown on TV and movies, the signs of drowning are often subtle and may not seem serious. This is due to the instinctive reaction of a drowning person, described by Dr. Francesco Pia. The reaction of a person consists in the actions by which a person seeks to prevent suffocation in the water. The ability to recognize the signs of the instinctive reaction of a drowning person will help you notice in time that a person is drowning and help him. Drowning Man:

Learn to recognize the signs of a drowning child. Approximately 20% of drowning cases occur in children under 14 years of age. Signs of drowning in children are similar to signs of drowning in adults, but there are more signs in children. For instance:

Learn to recognize the signs of a drowning child on dry land. Drowning on land is rare and is characterized by the fact that a small amount of water enters the child's airways, which interferes with the normal functioning of the respiratory system. If you notice the signs of such drowning in time, you can save the child from serious problems. Pay attention to the following signs:

Help a drowning person

1. Get started as early as possible. It doesn't matter if the person is drowning or just panicked. If you suspect a problem, it's important to help the person as soon as possible. This will reduce the risk of inadvertent drowning or brain damage from too much long stay under the water.

   Help the person on your own. If there is no specially trained rescuer nearby, try to help the person yourself. In many countries, people are required by law to help drowning people if it does not endanger their lives.

   Help the person get closer to dry land. If the person is conscious and not yet submerged, try throwing a lifeline or any other object they can grab onto. So you will not risk your life and help another person survive.

   Enter the water and pull the person up to the non-sinking object. If the person is unable to grasp the lifeline or pole, or is unconscious, approach or swim towards the person. It's important to remember that the person is panicking, which could cause them to hurt you physically or make it difficult to get help.

   • It is best to approach the person from behind. If the person panics, they may grab onto the rescuer hard, causing both of them to drown. Talk to the person, say that you are there. Swim up from behind and say this: "I will save you. Please don't panic."
   • The easiest way is to grab a person under the armpits and pull them to dry land.
   • Avoid physical contact with the panicked person if possible. Such a person will cling to any floating object, including you. This is not a problem if you have a three-year-old child in front of you, but even a thin and short woman can easily drown an adult. Take a non-sinking item with you, if possible.

2. Get the person out of the water. When a person grabs an object, pull it out onto dry land. This will allow you to give him medical attention (for example, give him artificial respiration) and wrap him in a towel to avoid shock.

Water safety

Learn to swim. Take swimming lessons with all your family members until everyone is a good swimmer. This will reduce the risk of inadvertent drowning, especially in children.

Jumped off the side fully dressed and quickly swam through the water. A former lifeguard, he focused his eyes on the target, heading straight for the owners of the yacht, who were swimming between the yacht and the shore. “He seems to think you are drowning,” the husband said to his wife. They splashed and she screamed, but now they were just up to their necks in the water. "We're all right, what is he doing?" the wife asked a little annoyed. "We're all right!" - shouted the husband, waving his hand to the captain, but he continued to swim. "From the road!" he barked as he swam past the stunned owners of the yacht. Directly behind them, a few meters away, their nine-year-old daughter was drowning. Already raised above the water in the arms of the captain, she burst into tears: "Daddy!"

How was the captain able to understand from a distance of tens of meters what his father could not distinguish from just two? When a person drowns, he does not act violently, splashing, calling for help, which most people might expect. The captain was taught to recognize drowning people by experts and years of experience. The father, on the other hand, knew what a drowning person looked like from TV shows. If you're spending time on or near water (and that's all of us), make sure you and the rest of the crew know what to expect when a person enters the water. Until the moment when the daughter screamed "Daddy", she did not make a sound. Swimmers and Coast Guard rescuers would not be surprised by this story. A drowning person is almost always deceptively quiet. In life, you rarely see how a drowning person waves his arms, splashes, screams, as they show in dramatic programs on TV and in newspapers.

The instinctive response to the threat of drowning, so named by Dr. Francesco Pia, is what a person does to avoid real or perceived suffocation in the water. And outwardly it doesn't look like what people expect. The person splashes a little, does not wave, does not shout and does not call for help in any way. To get an idea of ​​how quiet and seemingly inconspicuous a person drowning can be, think about it: it is the second leading cause of accidental death of children under 15 years of age (just behind car accidents) - out of about 750 children who will drown next year with about 735 of them it will happen a few meters from their parents or other adults. In 10% of these cases, adults will look at what is happening without having a clue what really happened. In the article “A drowning person is not at all like a drowning person,” Dr. Pia talks about the following instinctive actions of a drowning person:

1. Except in the rarest of cases, drowning people are physiologically unable to call for help. The respiratory system is for breathing. Speech is a secondary function. A person must breathe in order to be able to speak.

2. The mouth of a drowning person either sinks or appears above the water. The mouth of a drowning person is not long enough above the surface of the water to give him the opportunity to inhale, exhale and call for help. When the mouth of a drowning person is above the surface, he only has time to exhale and inhale again, and again begins to sink.

3. A drowning person cannot wave and call for help. Nature instinctively makes a person spread his arms and press them to the surface of the water. Pressing the hands to the surface of the water allows the drowning person to balance their body to raise their mouth above the water and breathe.

4. According to the dictates of instincts, a drowning person cannot freely control the movement of his hands. A physiologically drowning person who is on the surface of the water cannot stop drowning and make controlled movements, such as wave for help, move towards a lifeguard, or reach for lifesaving equipment.

5. From the beginning to the end of the "instinctive response to the threat of drowning", the human body is in the water directly, there are no visible kicks. Without the help of a trained rescuer, these drowning people can be on the surface for 20 to 60 seconds before the moment of immersion.

6. This does not mean at all that the person who calls for help or waves his hands is not in trouble - they are in a water disaster. This stage is not always present before the response to the threat of drowning and does not last long, but unlike a real drowning, these people can contribute to their salvation. They can grab lifebuoys.

Look out for the following symptoms of a drowning person:

• Head deep in the water, mouth on the surface of the water

• Head thrown back, mouth open

• Eyes empty and glassy, ​​unable to focus

• Eyes closed

• Hair on forehead and eyes

• Does not use legs, stays vertical in water

• Hyperventilates the lungs and opens the mouth wide

• Tries to swim in a certain direction but won't budge

• Tries to roll over on his back

So what if a crew member falls overboard and everything seems to be fine, you can't be sure. Sometimes the surest sign that a person is drowning is that they don't look like it. It may seem that they are floating and looking at the deck. How to know for sure? Ask: "Is everything all right?" If they can somehow answer, most likely, everything is in order. If they just stare back blankly, they probably only have 30 seconds left to escape. And for parents: remember that children in the water make sounds. If they are quiet, come and find out why.