China has opened the longest sea bridge in the world. He is handsome and chic, but he has already been criticized Road in China under the sea

Finally, China froze on the eve of the official opening of the longest sea bridge in the world. This truly gigantic structure with a length of 55 km made it possible to connect the three most important cities of the country - Hong Kong, Zhuhai and Macau. Head of state Xi Jinping, who initiated the creation of this grandiose and significant transport artery, is also expected to attend the opening ceremony of such a large-scale project. But this is far from the first such ambitious creation of a great country that plunged the whole world into shock and admiration at the same time.

It has already happened that when it comes to the most large-scale and amazing super achievements in any industry, whether it be science, technology, art or high technology, the Celestial Empire always strives to take its honorable first place. Bridge construction is no exception. After all, all the longest, highest, most-most ... were created by Chinese engineers and builders in order not only to make life easier for themselves, but also to amaze the whole world with records.

In this review, we have collected their most famous creations, which surprise with their grandeur and originality.

1. The longest sea bridge in the world connects Hong Kong, Zhuhai and Macau

It's done! Finally, the official opening ceremony of the most incredible marine engineering structure to date, which connects three metropolitan areas on the shores of the South China Sea, will take place.

This grandiose project includes the world's longest underwater tunnel, three artificially created islands and the bridge itself, stretching over the sea surface. The total length of the entire structure is 55 km!

According to the designers themselves, such a large-scale structure can withstand even powerful earthquake magnitude up to 8 points, and the service life can be 120 years. Well, of course, it will fulfill its main purpose - to significantly reduce travel time between Hong Kong and Zhuhai from three hours to 30 minutes.

2. Danyang-Kunshan viaduct - the longest railway bridge in the world

Danyang-Kunshan viaduct is the longest railway bridge.

Danyang-Kunshan Viaduct (a bridge structure that passes over a depression or a large gorge) is located in East China between the cities of Nanjing and Shanghai and is part of the high-speed Beijing-Shanghai railway.

This large-scale structure is listed in the Guinness Book of Records due to its record length - 164.8 kilometers. The builders did a colossal job, creating a bridge both on land, overcoming all types of difficult terrain, and above water - towering over canals, rivers and lakes.

More than 10 thousand people worked on the grandiose project, and such a large-scale creation was erected in just four years (2008-2011).

3. Beipanjiang - the highest cable-stayed suspension bridge in the world

Beipanjiang Bridge - on this moment the highest suspension bridge in the world.

In order to connect the provinces of Yunnan and Guizhou, one of the most incredible bridges in the world was created. Due to the difficult terrain conditions, the bridge builders had to raise the bridge to a height of 570 meters, and its length is 1341 meters.

4. Over-Water highway - the first bridge in the world that was built along the riverbed

In the Chinese province of Hubei, a very unusual highway was put into operation. Her main feature the location became completely non-standard - the highway was built right along the riverbed. And the reason for such an extraordinary decision is quite banal - local residents and environmental organizations were against the construction of a high-speed road and violation of the landscape of their area (it was necessary to demolish part of the mountain and make a tunnel in it). Thus a compromise was found.

Chinese engineers designed the original 4-kilometer viaduct, which made life easier for motorists. Now this place has become a tourist attraction throughout the province.

5. Zhangjiajie - the longest and highest glass bridge in the world

The longest glass bridge in the world called "Walk in Heaven" was created in the south of China, which is the most fantastic creation of human genius.

Although it has recently been reported that upper layer glass cracked only from the fact that one of the tourists dropped a metal mug. The visitors who were at that moment on the bridge were not in danger, but the commotion was grandiose.

The Ran Yang Bridge is located in China and was completed in 2005. This is the tenth long bridge world, with a length of 35,660 meters.

9. Hangzhou Bay Bridge. 35.673 meters, China

At 35.673 km in length, the Hangzhou Bridge is one of the longest ocean bridges in the world.

8. Yangcun Bridge, 35,812 meters, China

This beautiful Bridge was created on the Yangtze River.

7. Manchac Swamp bridge. Manchak Swamp Bridge, 36,710 meters, USA

The first bridge on our list not built in China. The total length is 36.710 meters. Built in 1970.

6. Dam bridge on Lake Pontchartrain, 38,442 meters, USA

The Lake Pontchartrain Dam Bridge consists of two parallel bridges crossing Lake Pontchartrain in southern Louisiana, USA. The longer of the two bridges is 38.35 km long. It is the longest bridge in the world built entirely over water. Built in 1969.

5. Qingdao Bay Bridge, 42.5 km China.

Crosses the northern part of Jiaozhou Bay, connecting the city of Qingdao with the suburban industrial area of Huangdao. Built in 2011.

4. Highway Bang At 54,000 meters, Thailand.

The total length of the bridge is 54 km, the width of the bridge, which carries out traffic in six lanes, is 27.2 meters.
Opened February 7, 2000.

3. Bridge over the Wei (Great Weinan Bridge), 79.732 meters, China.

It is part of the existing Zhengzhou High-Speed Rail Line, which connects the cities of Zhengzhou and Xi'an in the People's Republic of China. Opened in 2010.

2. Tianjin Great Bridge, 113,700 meters, China.

The second longest bridge in the world. Opened in 2011
Erected as part of the Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway and the Beijing-Tianjin Intercity Railway.
It starts a little southeast of the Beijing South Railway Station, then crosses two districts (Antsy and Guangyang) of the Langfang City District and ends in the north of the central part of the city of Tianjin.

1. Danyang-Kunshan, 164,800 meters, China.

The longest bridge in the world. Built as part of the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway. The bridge is also used for vehicular traffic. Construction lasted a record-breaking four years from 2008 to 2011. 10,000 people were involved in the construction. And the total cost was $8.5 billion. Approximately 9 km of the bridge is laid over the water surface. Danyang-Kunshan is listed in the Guinness Book of Records.
The bridge is located in East China in Jiangsu province, between the cities of Shanghai and Nanjing.

Engineering structures erected over obstacles - an indicator of development, an index of the technical progress of civilization. For my thousand years of history, industrious Chinese have built many bridges. Built during the reign of the House of Han, the Chinese Ba Bridge in Xian (386 m, 64 spans) is revered as one of the oldest multi-span transport structures in the world.

Modern Chinese bridge builders do not forget the traditions of their ancestors: bridge building in the country does not stop even for a moment. Of the twenty longest bridges in the world, thirteen were built in China. All of them have been put into operation already in the current century, all are included in the majestic transport network that densely intertwines the Middle State.

longest over water

The Qingdao colossus links the shores of the Jiaozhou harbor, integrating the wonder city into the industrial area of Huangdao (eastern and western regional outskirts). More than 30,000 passenger and cargo units pass through the Qingdao facility every day without breaks and weekends. A grandiose communication artifact reduces the cargo and passenger logistics of the province by 30 kilometers.

The length of the man-made object: 42.5 km (26 of them rise above the surface of the bay), the spans of the structure are supported by 5200 supports.

Important! The official cost of construction: one and a half billion dollars. A number of reputable publications claim a significant overestimation and a total release price of 8.8 billion dollars.

The majestic Qingdao masterpiece is the leader among water crossings, and deservedly reigns in the Guinness Register in the China section.

Ideology

The Qingdao project was developed and implemented within the framework of national program improving the interconnections of the rapidly developing and growing provinces of the PRC. Strategically important for the development of the entire country, it simply suffocated in the absence of a modern transport infrastructure.

Cargo terminals of the city - the port of Qingdao.

From the coastal metropolis to the industrial region of Huangdao (across the sea), a ferry service operated regularly. The capacity of the ferry service was critically insufficient for a decent cargo flow.

A colossus with six lanes of traffic, coupled with a high-speed underground tunnel, became the fundamental base of a huge national project: Qingdao-Lanzhou highway.

Construction stages

Started in 2007, the grandiose construction lasted four years. More than ten thousand builders worked around the clock on the giant site. It took more than 450 thousand tons of steel and about 2.4 million cubic meters of concrete to erect the monumental object. During the construction of the transport colossus, the most modern equipment and ultra-advanced construction technologies were used.

first phase: spanning (simultaneously from both banks, with a planned meeting with a “bow” in the center of the bay);
second phase: construction and arrangement of entrances to the object, and improvement of the structure itself (electricity supply, fencing, asphalting, marking, etc.).

Special Features

The designers of the transport facility claim that the Qingdao project is a real engineering masterpiece - if necessary, the facility will withstand an eight-magnitude earthquake, typhoon, tsunami, and even a collision with an out-of-control ocean vessel with a displacement of up to 300,000 tons.

Estuary Jiaozhou ice-bound for two winter months: the bridge is the largest man-made structure in the icy expanses of the Celestial Empire. Experts guarantee a hundred-year operational period of the transport pearl of the bay.

Other bridges of the Middle State

All history ancient civilization, Chinese architects and builders entered the world community into shock and awe. The Celestial Empire has always loved and knew how to surprise: from the Great Wall of China to majestic palaces and pagodas.

Important! The construction of transport arteries is a separate page in the formation of the state.

The difficult terrain stimulated the development and implementation of the latest engineering solutions and technologies. Bridge builders and their products are the pride and heritage of the country.

Danyang-Kunshan Viaduct

The main obstacle for transport routes is the discontinuity of the relief (ravines, gorges, canyons). Transport and communication facilities erected in places with significant elevation differences are called viaducts.

Danyang - Kunshan is the largest viaduct bridge in the world between Shanghai and Nanjing.

The industrial masterpiece of Danyang - Kunshan (164.8 km) is located in the Jiangsu region. It is part of the Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway, which connects the two industrial cities of Shanghai and Nanjing.

The viaduct was built in record time: 2008-2010.

Hong Kong - Zhuhai - Macau

The Greatest World sea bridge Hong Kong, Zhuhai and Macau are masterpieces of bridge building art. The grandiose transport facility combines a series of spans, a series of underground crossings and a group of man-made islands in the sea.

Long construction periods (by Chinese standards, eight years is a very long time), justified by rigid frameworks environmental safety region. Also, long-term administrative approvals contributed to the “long-term construction”: allocated administrative divisions Celestial.

The total length of the transport facility is 55 km, the length of the main span of the bridge is about 30 km. The 420 thousand tons of metal required for the construction would be enough for the construction of sixty Eiffel Towers.

hangzhou bridge

The majestic Hangzhou Bridge connects Shanghai and Ningbo. The grandiose construction realized the ideology of billions of investments in the transport infrastructure of the state. The center of the economy, the consumer goods exporter port of Ningbo, needed guaranteed transport access to China's financial and business headliner, the metropolis of Shanghai.

The length of the transoceanic structure is 36 km, the permitted speed of movement is 100 km/h, the warranty period of operation is more than a hundred years. Bridge cost: 11.8 billion yuan.

transparent transition

In the Hebei region (China), the longest glass bridge in the world is opened for pedestrians. 488 m of a nerve-wracking walk at an altitude of 230m: a 100% tourist highlight and a fetish for adrenaline junkies.

1077 glass panels cover the exotic structure. An additional nervous shake-up is guaranteed by the option specially announced by the designers: the bridge sways during the passage.

The Hebei Bridge turned out to be fifty meters longer than the previous "transparent" leader: the "Cloud Crossing" through the canyon was moved from the top position of the transparent sights of China.

Duge Bridge

The highest suspension bridge in the world connects the banks of the Beipanjiang River and, respectively, the two provinces of Guizhou and Yunnan.

The complexity of the mountainous terrain required exclusive engineering solutions from the designers of the Duge bridge. According to the type of construction, the bridge is classified as a cable-stayed bridge: tower supports and a span suspended on cables-cables.

The Duge Bridge sags at a height of 564 m above the river canyon and amazes motorists with its length (one and a half kilometers).

Lupu building

Lupu does not interfere with navigation on the Huangpu River, its height above the surface of river waves is 46 m. The "silver" world position in the nomination of arched transport structures commutes two halves of Shanghai. A visiting card of the metropolis and a tourist attraction, the central bridge arch stretches for 750 meters.

The modern design of the majestic building is captivating, the bridge looks most effective at night in the lights of illumination.

Important! At the apogee of the bridge arch, an observation and selfie zone was built: one and a half kilometers along the roadway, a high-speed elevator and ... exhausting 367 steps.

The total length of the famous Shanghai bridge is 3900 m.

Sutong

The 8206-meter cable-stayed giant across the Yangtze connects the cities of Nantong and Changshu (east of mainland China).

The enchanting construction was put into operation in 2008. The design brings the two counties closer together and impresses tourists and business partners of the country with its ultra-design.

Jiaxing-Shaoxing

The pearl of bridge building in the Middle State, a beautiful multi-pylon transport facility, decorates Hangzhouwan and brings together the two industrial centers of Jiaxing and Shaoxing.

The total length of the combined transoceanic bridge crossing is 10,138 meters. The bridge impresses with its urban design and powerful magnificence.

How are bridges built in China?

Thoughtful and wisely sluggish, China simply amazes with the pace of construction. They build in the Celestial Empire quickly and very high quality. The Chinese love the latest technological innovations and cutting-edge mechanisms. For the construction of roads and the construction of majestic bridges, an incredible giant construction complex SLJ900 / 32 was created and put into operation in China.

The dimensions of the giant bridgelayer are impressive: 90 meters long and 9 meters wide. The ultramodern monster weighs just over 580 tons.

Conclusion

The bridge is one of the most ancient engineering structures invented and implemented by mankind. Building bridges in China is a paramount task: explosive pace economic development The PRC would not have been possible without majestic highways. All the latest built bridge-building masterpieces of China not only connect industrial and commercial regions, but also give the inhabitants of the Celestial Empire the right to be proud of their country.

BEIJING, Oct 23 - RIA Novosti. The world's longest sea bridge with a length of 55 kilometers has been opened in southern China, China's Central Television reports. It connected Hong Kong, Macau and Zhuhai city of Guangdong province.

The ceremony was held in Zhuhai. It was attended by Chinese President Xi Jinping, Hong Kong Chief of Staff Carrie Lam, Vice Premier Han Zheng, Guangdong Provincial Party Committee Secretary Li Xi and about 700 other guests.

Now the trip from Hong Kong to Zhuhai will take half an hour instead of three hours. Free traffic will open on October 24.

According to preliminary estimates, by 2030 more than 29,000 people will pass through the bridge. Vehicle and over 120 thousand passengers a day. It is expected to greatly contribute to the economic integration and development of the three most important cities in the Pearl River Delta economic zone, as well as to tourism in Hong Kong and Macau.

The bridge consists of several surface parts with a total length of 22.9 kilometers, an underwater tunnel 6.7 kilometers long, several artificial islands, as well as special border checkpoints between mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau.

The weight of the bridge exceeds 400 thousand tons. It should last up to 120 years and is designed to withstand the strongest typhoon with wind speeds over 300 kilometers per hour, as well as an earthquake of magnitude eight.

The design also took into account the fact that this area is one of the most navigable in China. Thus, the spans of the bridge are located at the proper height, and the distance between the supports is sufficient so as not to disturb the movement of ships.

Construction history

The idea to bridge Hong Kong and Guangdong appeared in the late 1980s. In 2003, the Chinese central government ordered to begin preliminary calculations and development of the project. Hundreds of research organizations were involved in the design. The number of registered patents involved in the construction exceeded one thousand.

Hong Kong and Macau are special administrative regions that became part of China in 1997 and 1999 under the principle of "one country, two systems." Each of the three governments agreed to build the necessary infrastructure on their territory, but for a long time they could not agree on financing the main part of the bridge.

Construction began in December 2009 and was due to be completed in 2016. But the opening was delayed due to corruption, budget revisions, accidents, accidents and adverse weather conditions.

In addition, the project has been criticized by environmentalists, primarily because of the decline in the population of Chinese white dolphins - the symbols of Hong Kong. According to the district government, from April 2007 to March 2018, only about 50 individuals were recorded in the waters of Hong Kong.