Sentences with separate and clarifying members of the sentence. Sentences with the word «attention» He had a shaggy strong dog

THE FIRST FARMERS

Abel guarded the flock,
Cain was a farmer.

From the Book of Genesis

In late autumn, just before winter, the steppe turns green again. Above, the cry of a crane: the birds fly south. Goats and rams are bleating below: the nomads are going to the winter camp.

The wind, our third constant comrade, runs back over the mountain and meets us on the other side: rolling tumbleweeds, black, round, terribly lonely. White yurts move from summer pastures to autumn pastures, from autumn pastures to black dugouts, similar to steppe graves, to winter camps.

Now, in autumn, it seems as if in the steppe two players are playing with black and white dice, and the player with white keeps losing and losing. The time will come: in the whole steppe there will be no white yurts, but only graves and winter quarters. Few, very few old people are left here, who, remembering the happy golden age, remain to spend the winter in yurts. "We don't want to," they say. they are alive climb into the grave."

We are going as if in the country of Abraham: only shepherds live here for thousands of miles. We are at the source of beautiful and bitter illusions.

Here is a bronze shepherd, all in rags, riding a horse and singing. And the rams, to the song, pinch the low, yellow, dry grass on the go.

Get fat, my sheep, and stretch, - the shepherd sings.

We are getting fat and stretching, - the rams answer.

Blame yourself if you don't get fat, sings the shepherd.

We will blame ourselves, - the sheep answer, of course, in the voice of the same shepherd.

Dombra strings are jingling. The horse steps quietly to the song of the good shepherd and the happy rams. Who is following whom: the shepherd behind the rams or the rams behind the shepherd - do not understand.

Where is the village of Jonji? - we ask the shepherd.

In the autumn pasture, - he answers and points with his bronze chin. - There, behind the hill of Maira.

It's not close. The Kirghiz points his chin into such a distance that the Sart, according to the steppe proverb, can travel for two days.

Chu! - we drive the horses up the mountain. We climb up, we go down into the valley, up the mountain again, again into the valley, and the Maira hill is still far away.

The steppe mountains look like waves, and just like the sea, but only the wind whistles in vain - the waves do not roll. The tumbleweed flies up and flies down again. The storm starts.

From the mountain we can see a camel dusting on the other side of the wide valley, and behind it the dust rushes like a huge yellow comet's tail. We can’t get past it, we cover ourselves with dressing gowns in advance and drive the horses. Suffocates. We hurry to overtake the camel.

Who is going? - we ask the rider.

There is a sart with wool. He is not from here and does not know auls. And ahead is a new comet tail, and again we overtake and ask:

Where is the village?

Far away, - they answer, - in the autumn pasture. Mamyrkhan migrated, Auspan migrated, there are no close auls, winter quarters and even graves.

Over the valley where we rode, clouds descended like dark hair; it was getting dark; the steppe burned ahead, as if hundreds of wolves, their eyes sparkling, walked in one line towards us.

We began to look for a mountain crack for the night and suddenly saw a calm fire. Someone lived inside this chaos, leaning a dugout against the mountain. In front of the entrance lay a bull and a camel. Inside this molehill, on the earthen floor, near the flaming balls of horse dung, sat men and women, as old as if they had been there since the time of the expulsion of the first people from paradise. Our random companion, a Jewish cattle dealer, seeing them, began to pray and praise God.

Everything is true in the Talmud, - the old man muttered, - and there is not a single word that is wrong: the steppe, and the mountains, and the light, and people, like Adam and Eve.

The first people placed in front of us a cup with grains of wheat fried in lard.

Farmers!

Jetaks, - said the satellites, - lie, do not roam.

And they began to tell, under the whistle of a snowstorm, how the usual circle of a nomadic year is torn in the steppe and these first farmers, jetaki, remain on the other side of the common life ...

Everything is like in the Talmud, - repeated the Jew.

In the steppe, the poet begins spring. In a dark molehill, squatting by the fire, he sings that he hears the movement of creative forces in the earth. Ice icicles melt on the window, and light penetrates the dugout. The moon, the stars and all the heavenly bodies are visible. And so the biblical one is fulfilled: “Let there be light!”

Noisy spring streams: land and water are separated. The birds fly incessantly talking: the little bustard rings its wing, the coccyx and kestrel tremble in the air. Gophers sing at their holes. Each hill is green. In the dugout, after the poet, the mouse seems to be the first to see spring. She climbs the camel's hump and squeaks that she sees spring.

And a man comes out and sees, as at the entrance to paradise, that everything is fine. They say that here a praying mantis from a branch of green asparagus with a shaggy paw points the way to a summer pasture.

The caravan is surrounded by animals. In front, on the best argamak, the most beautiful girl of the village rides in scarlet clothes, in a hat trimmed with sable and decorated with owl feathers. In the parking lot, she suddenly whips her horse and rushes all in red through the red flowers, like a fiery one fell on dry land. Dzhigits want to catch up with her and touch her chest with their hands. But the girl wriggles like a lizard, whips the horsemen right in the face with a whip, and gallops on, to the edge of the steppe.

Blood runs down their faces. It is not easy to catch up with a beauty. Only one, the most dexterous, achieves his goal, and the girl rides with him submissively, like a powerless moon after a night. Then even the ascetic of the desert, the camel, goes mad. And in a string, barren women are drawn to the holy mountains to spend the night there and ask God to send them children this spring. Great Khudai sends to everyone, and everyone rejoices and multiplies. Spring, summer passes, and again from aul to aul, from wintering to wintering, from grave to grave rolls like a black sin, a tumbleweed.

The great Khudai knows his business, - say the old farmers who have lost their pasture.

And these old people talk about terrible year Hare, when they lost their livestock, and could no longer go to the summer pasture in the spring, and remained in their wintering for eternity in the sweat of their brow to work the land.

In the year of the Hare, the great Khudai sent jute: the steppe froze, cattle, extracting grass from under the ice, cut their legs, lost weight without food and fell. Buran picked up the animals and drove them like tumbleweeds from end to end. After a storm in the sunlight, wolves emerged from the cracks of the mountains, crows, vultures and magpies flocked. The whole steppe was covered with corpses. There was a howl, and a croak, and a chirp, and a last terrible roar.

The great Khuday did not completely destroy the poor people who sheltered us during the snowstorm, he left them one bull and a camel to work the land and sow "bidah" (wheat) in the sweat of his brow.

This is what people who know the steppe and old people who have experienced the year of the Hare told us in the dugout under the whistle of a snowstorm.

As in the Talmud, the Jew repeated, there is not a single word that is wrong.

The mice squealed, the bull chewed, the camel sniffed - all living things that remained with these people after they were expelled from paradise.

And it was hard to imagine paradise for us, weary of the road, exiled a very long time ago, never having seen the summer pasture of nomads. And it was impossible to imagine a land where one could simply be happy and not remember: “The kingdom of God is in yourselves,” and not in the earth.

But these people were sure that behind the hill of Maira, where we almost got there, where they had been roaming quite recently, was the promised land.

Arch, - said our Adam and Eve, - here is the ridge of the earth, this is that land.

But why is she Arch, why Arcadia? we asked.

The mutton is fat, the koumiss is drunk, they don’t sow bread and don’t eat it, the first farmers answered.

In the morning after the snowstorm, the steppe was still green. In late autumn, the steppe-desert comes to life for a short time. Gloomy wrinkles spread across the sky. The sun was rising. Golden furrows lay in the sky.

By the lake someone was waving white. We thought: "This is a hunter poisoning a white gyrfalcon." They began to wait for the flight of the bird. But the hunter kept waving, but the gyrfalcon did not fly. The old jetak told us about the hunter: this is his crazy son-in-law; earlier he had countless herds of bay horses, but in the year of the Hare, the great Khudai took everything from him and ordered him to live in a dugout and work the land. The proud man said to this: “I don’t want to live alive in the grave,” and settled in a crack in the mountain. For this, the great Khudai deprived him of his mind: he used to be the first hunter with white falcons and gyrfalcons, and now, when he sees ducks on the lake, he comes out of a crack and waves his white hat like a gyrfalcon.

Oh Allah! sighed old Adam.

And Eve answered him in exactly the same way:

Oh Allah!

We wanted to say goodbye to them, but they wished to take us to the pasture, to show us the happy country beyond the Mair hill. They began to pack and gather, as in the spring for a roam. Flocks of cranes stretched everywhere on the horizon like beaded threads. Above us, the old cranes taught the young ones to form triangles and led regiment after regiment to warmer climes. And we, too, like cranes, were going to go somewhere to the pasture in the fall.

Chock, chock! the woman shouted at the camel.

He bent his knees reluctantly and screamed. The woman sat on horseback and, holding on to a thin hump, shouted:

The camel raised the woman high above the dugout.

The old man sat on the bull.

Our horses were more cowardly than a camel, and the bull lagged behind everyone.

Choo, choo! - the old man whipped the bull, also cowardly and, catching up with us, said his steppe proverb:

If your comrade is crooked, try to close your eyes in order to be with him under a couple.

415. Write down, placing punctuation marks and explaining their use. Separate agreed and inconsistent definitions underline.

I. 1) Only people who are able to love strongly can experience strong grief; but the same need to love counteracts their grief and heals them. (L.T.) 2) The street leading to the city was free. (N.O.) 3) They entered a narrow and dark corridor. (G.) 4) Lazy by nature, he [Zakhar] was also lazy in his lackey upbringing. (Hound.) 5) Passionately devoted to the master, he, however, is a rare day in something he does not lie to him. (Beagle.) 6) A healthy, handsome and strong man of about thirty was lying on a cart. (Kor.) 7) The earth and the sky and the white cloud floating in the azure and the dark forest whispering indistinctly below and the splash of the river invisible in the darkness all this is familiar to him, all this is dear to him. (Cor.) 8) The mother's stories, more lively and vivid, made a great impression on the boy. (Cor.) 9) Covered with hoarfrost, they [rocks] went into an obscure illuminated distance, sparkling, almost transparent. (Kor.) 10) The frost hit 30, 35 and 40 degrees. Then, at one of the stations, we already saw mercury frozen in a thermometer. (Cor.) 11) The rusty sedge, still green and juicy, bent to the ground. (Ch.) 12) A quiet, lingering and mournful song, similar to crying and barely audible, was heard from the right, then from the left, then from above, then from under the ground. (Ch.)

At the sight of Kalinovich, the lackey, stupid in appearance but in livery with galloons, drew himself up into a duty pose. (Letters.)

Boris could not sleep and he went out into the garden in a light morning coat. (Hound.) 15) Berezhkova herself, in a silk dress with a cap on the back of her head, was sitting on the sofa. (Hound.)

P. 1) His [Werner's] small black eyes, always restless, tried to penetrate your thoughts. (L.) 2) I have already been given two or three epigrams at my expense, rather caustic but together very flattering. (L.) 3) Alyosha left his father's house in a broken and depressed state of mind. (V.) 4) Satisfied with the bad pun, he cheered. (L.) 5) Pale, he lay on the floor. (L.) 6) We went to the exam calm and confident in our abilities. 7) Behind her [the stroller] was a man with a big mustache in a Hungarian coat, quite well dressed for a footman. (L.) 8) About to-

the horns gently leaned against each other, two willows, old and young, and whispered about something. 9) Gifted with extraordinary strength, he [Gerasim] worked for four. (T.) 10) Just before sunset, the sun came out from behind the gray clouds covering the sky and suddenly purple clouds illuminated the greenish sea covered with ships and boats, swaying in an even wide swell and the white buildings of the city and the people moving along the streets. (L. T.) 11) Life in the city, sleepy and monotonous, went on its own track. (Kor.) 12) The river cluttered with white hummock sparkled slightly under the silvery sad light of the moon standing over the mountains. (Kor.) 13) Vanya was still sitting on the beam, serious and calm in his eared hat. (Hare.)

416. Read the text, explaining the punctuation with the highlighted common definitions. Write off, making isolated definitions non-isolated and, conversely, non-isolated definitions - isolated. Set up punctuation marks.

Traveler departing for the first time in the central regions of the high Tien Shan, amazing beautiful roads, laid in the mountains. A lot of cars are moving along the mountain roads. Filled with cargo and people

heavy vehicles climb high passes, descend into deep mountain valleys, overgrown with tall grass. The higher we climb the mountains, the cleaner, cooler the air. Closer to us are the peaks of high ridges covered with snow. Road, bending around bare rocks, winds down a deep hollow. mountain stream, swift and stormy, sometimes it washes away the road, sometimes it gets lost in a deep stone channel. Wild, desert impression sprawling along a stormy river deep mountain valley. Ringing in the wind stalks of dried herbs cover the wild steppe. A rare tree can be seen on the river bank. Little steppe hares are hiding in the grass, with their ears pressed down, sitting near dug into the ground telegraph poles. A herd of goitered gazelles crosses the road. These can be seen far rushing across the steppe light-footed animals. Standing on the bank of a noisy river, washed out the edge of a mountain road, on the slopes of the mountain you can see a herd of mountain chamois with binoculars. Sensitive animals raise their heads, peering at the road running below.

417. Write off, placing punctuation marks. Underline isolated definitions.

1) The sky is darkening, heavy and inhospitable, it lowers and lowers above the earth. (New-Pr.) 2) It rained obliquely and finely without ceasing. (A. N. T.) 3) Tired, we finally fell asleep. (New-Rev.) 4) The wind was still blowing strong now from the east. (A. N. T.) 5) He [Telegin] distinguished between these deep sighs a muffled grumbling, either fading or growing into angry rifts. (A. N. T.) 6) Amazed, I think about what happened for a while. (New-Pr.) 7) I saw a group of rocks at the top that looked like a deer and admired it. (Przh.) 8) The night was approaching, infinitely long, gloomy cold. (New-Pr.) 9) The whole expanse, densely flooded with the darkness of the night, was in a furious ..th movement. (N. O.) 10) Meanwhile, the frosts, although very light, dried and stained all the leaves. (Prishv.) 11) The mass of earth, either blue or gray in places, lay in a humpbacked pile, in places a strip stretched along the horizon. (Gonch.) 12) It was a white winter with the harsh silence of cloudless frosts, dense snow covered with pink hoarfrost on the trees (pale) emerald sky, caps of smoke above the chimneys, clouds of steam from instantly opened doors with fresh faces of people and the troublesome run of chilled horses. (T.) 13) (N ..) one beam, (n ..) one sound (n .. Penetrated into the office (c) from the outside through the window tightly,. curtained.. with p.. rtiers. (Bulg.) 14) The cathedral courtyard trampled .. with thousands of feet loudly (not) pr .. crackled violently. (Bulg.)

§ 76. CONSTRUCTION OF REVOLUTIONS WITH COMMON

DEFINITIONS EXPRESSED BY PARTICIPLES

AND ADJECTS

The participial phrase or adjective with dependent words must be placed before or after the word to which: 1) Sound of the sea,coming from below talking about peace.(Ch.) Or: coming from below the sound of the sea spoke of peace(but wrong: “The sound of the sea from below spoke of peace”); 2) Pugachev,true to his promise) approached Orenburg.(P.) Or: True to my promise Pugachev was approaching Orenburg(but not-

correctly: “Faithful Pugachev was approaching Orenburg to his promise”). Therefore, between the words included in the common definition, there should not be other words that are not related to this definition.

418. Write down, agree with the highlighted words the data in brackets
kah common definitions. Their place (before or after
shared word) choose yourself.

1) The road winds between two ruts(overgrown with green roadside grass). 2) Saucers of lilies and threads very graceful (reaching from them in depth). 3) The sun has set, and the lungs froze in the sky clouds(pink from sunset). 4) Sounds were heard from somewhere to the right (extremely similar to the crying of a child). 6) Shepherd comes to our fire (he spent the night in the mountains). 7) We swam in fog(closing the coast and the sea). 8) In the snow open spaces difficult to determine the distance (deceiving the untrained eye).

419. Indicate what mistakes were made in the construction of participles
turnovers. Write off, making the necessary corrections.

1) In overgrown meadows lush vegetation there were many birds. 2) The novel created by the young author caused lively controversy. 3) Residents of the village affected by the flood were provided with timely assistance. 4) The boat being driven by the waves and the wind quickly rushed along the river. 5) From afar, floating logs on the water were visible.

420. Write with punctuation marks. Designate in each
house sentence grammatical basis.

The day was warm and rainy. A spacious perspective opened up from the hill where the Russian batteries defending the bridge stood, then suddenly it was tightened with a kisein ... then suddenly expanded with a curtain of slanting rain, and in the light of the sun, objects as if covered with varnish became far and clearly visible. You could see the town under your feet with its white houses and red roofs, a cathedral and a bridge on both sides of which the masses of Russian troops were crowding. At the turn of the Danube one could see ships and an island and a castle with a park surrounded by the waters of the confluence of the Enns into the Danube, one could see the left rocky and pine-forested bank of the Danube with a mysterious distance of green peaks and blue gorges (?) ravines. (L. N. Tolstoy)

§ 77. STAND-ALONE APPLICATIONS AND SUPPLEMENTS

Applications and their isolation

1. 1. If a single agreed application and define
the noun he shares are the names of the narcissus
telnyh, then a hyphen is written between them, for example:
1) The snake street winds.(Lighthouse.); 2) Grandson-chauffeur from behind ru
la bows to her grandfather.(Tward.) The hyphen is also written in the case
when a common noun comes after a name
own and closely merges with it in meaning, for example:

1) Saratov accordion splashed over the Volga River
suffering.(Surk.); 2) Vasilisa and Lukerya said that
they saw Dubrovsky and Arkhip the blacksmith a few
minutes before the fire.(P.) But: 1) River Volga flows into Kas
pian sea; 2) Coachman Anton andblacksmith Arkhip are gone
no one knows where.(P.)

Note. The hyphen is not put: 1) if the first noun is a common address (comrade, citizen etc.), for example: Citizen Financial Inspector / Sorry to disturb you.(Lighthouse.); 2) if the application before the word being defined is close in meaning to the agreed definition expressed by a single-root qualitative adjective, for example: Beauty dawn in the sky caught fire.(Ring.) But: Ippolit struck me with his extraordinary resemblance to his beautiful sister.(L. T.)

2. Inconsistent applications (names of newspapers, journals
cash, works of art, enterprises and
etc.) are enclosed in quotation marks, for example: magazine"Sme
on the", watch ballet"Swan Lake", work for
factory"Firework".

II. 1. Separated and separated in writing by commas:

a) single and widespread applications, referring to
referring to a personal pronoun, for example: 1) On mitin
gahwe newspapermen, learned a lot of news.(Paust.);

2) So,indifferent inhabitant of the world, in the bosom of an idle
I praised silence with a lyre of obedient dark tradition
antiquity.(P.);

b) common applications related to the definition
shared word - common noun,
for example: 1) Eagles,military satellites, rose above the

swarm.(P.); 2) Only the feeder does not sleep,silent northern old man. (CM.); 3)The peddler of swamp moisture, I was pierced by the fog.(Her);

c) common and single applications after the noun being defined - a proper noun, for example: 1) Onegin,my good friend, was born on the banks of the Neva.(P.); 2) A girl Vovnich sat next to me,radio operator (Hump.)

Separate applications, like those given in the last two examples, should be distinguished from non-isolated applications, closely related to a proper name, denoting their permanent, as it were, integral feature with the names of persons: Arkhip the blacksmith, Agafya the housekeeper, Averka the tailor, Dumas the father, Dumas the son(see above, item I, 1).

A common application in front of a proper name is isolated when it has an additional connotation of causality (in this case, it can be replaced by a turnover with the word being):The theater is an evil legislator, a fickle lover of charming actresses, an honorary citizen of the backstage, Onegin flew to the theatre.(P.) But: Odessa in sonorous versesmy friend Tumansky described.(P.)

A common application instead of a comma can be separated by a dash in writing: a) if it not only defines the word, but also complements its content: 1) I had a cast iron kettle with me.- my only joy in traveling around the Caucasus. (L.); 2) Topolev- a tall, bony old man with a grey-green mustache - He didn't say a word all evening.(V. Azh.); b) if it is necessary to establish a line between applications and the word being defined: The fiercest scourge of heaven, nature's horror - pestilence rages in the forests.(Cr.); c) if the application needs to be separated from homogeneous members: On the terrace I saw my grandmother, Nikolai Kuzmich- roommate, sister Nina with two friends.

Applications attached by unions are separated that is, or(in meaning i.e), words even, for example, in particular, by nickname, by name, including and similar, acting as unions: 1) Father

showed me a wooden chest,that is, a box wide at the top and narrow at the bottom.(Ax); 2) Many from the last ball pout at me,especially the dragoon captain. (L.); 3) I went with Starostin's son and another peasant,named Egor, to hunt.(T.); 4) Two hundred sazhens Ik was divided into two sleeves,or a duct. (Ax.) Most applications attached by unions have a clarifying meaning (see examples 1, 3, 4). Some have an excretory character (see example 2).

Note. AT a proper noun after a common noun can also act as a clarifying application, for example: 1) my father(Who exactly?), Andrey Petrovich Grinev, served under Count Munnich.(P.); 2) The second boy(namely?), Pavlushi, hair was tousled.(T.)

5. Applications joined by union as, separated by commas if they have a causality value; if the union as is equal in value to the expression as, then commas are not put: 1) Like a true artist Pushkin did not need to choose poetic subjects for his works, but for him all subjects were equally filled with poetry.(Bel.); 2) Rich, good-looking, Lensky was accepted everywherelike a groom. (P.)

421. Read and point out the attachments. Write off, placing the missing punctuation marks; highlight applications.

I. 1) The gossip pike chased the gossip carp. (Beetle.) 2) The strength and charm of the taiga is not only in giant trees. (Ch.) 3) A poor shoemaker lived in a hut. (Cr.) 4) I have a story Snow. (Paust.) 5) He [Chernov] was invariably successful in all undertakings. (M. G.) 6) Ivan Ivanovich and Burkina were met in the house by a young maid. (Ch.) 7) We most often met with Boris Mu-ruzov, a zoologist. (Kupr.) 8) Vasilisa the cook sang on the black porch. (A.N.T.) 9) Prince Andrei's old uncle Anton dropped Pierre out of the carriage. (L. T.) 10) Nikolushka walked along the soft, crunching needles of the forest carpet. (A. N. T.) 11) Turgenev's peers, pupils of the school of the great poet, nourished by his poetry, we all retained the charm of his genius forever. (Gonch.) 12) Pushkin, this father of Russian art, had two direct words in the word

investigator Lermontov and Gogol, who gave rise to a whole galaxy of us figures of the 40s, 60s ... (Gonch.) 13) As a remarkably smart person, he [Bazarov] did not meet his equal. (DP) 14) As an artist of the word, N. S. Leskov is quite worthy to stand next to such creators of Russian literature as L. Tolstoy, Gogol, Turgenev, Goncharov. (M. G.)

P. 1) A lieutenant signalman was sitting with the driver. (K.S.) 2) The wife of Nikolai Nikolaevich, a Frenchwoman, was no less distinguished by her humanity, kindness and simplicity. (Gonch.) 3) I saw Colonel Polyakov, the head of the Cossack artillery, which played an important role that day, and together with him arrived in the abandoned village. (P.) 4) I slowly walked to the old tavern of an uninhabited ruined hut and stood at the edge of a coniferous forest. (Cupr.) 5) They live here conventional satellites my hunting excursions foresters Zakhar and Maxim. (Kor.)

I am again a crockery on the Perm steamer, .. Now I am a “black crockery” or a “kitchen peasant”. (M. G.)

In the kitchen, the dear cook Ivan Ivanovich, nicknamed the Little Bear, is in charge. (M. G.) 8) The girls, especially Katenka, with joyful enthusiastic faces, look out the window at the slender figure of Volodya getting into the carriage. (LT) 9) Her father Platon Polovtsev, an engineer, was an old friend of my father. (AG) 10) We hunters find our happiness by the fire. (S.-M.) 11) The second Chadaev, my Evgeny, fearing jealous condemnations, was a pedant in his clothes and what we called a dandy. (P.) 12) This window came out of the room in which the young first violin Mitya Gusev, just released from the conservatory, lived in a summer position. (Ch.) 13) In the green sky, the stars of the harbinger of frost appeared. (Cupr.)

422. Write off, placing punctuation marks and explaining their use.

I. 1) Every bird, even a sparrow, attracted my attention. 2) The most early-ripening mushrooms, such as birch and russula, reach full development in three days. 3) The steppe, that is, a treeless and undulating endless plain, surrounded us from all sides. 4) Uncle Sergei Nikolayevich started teaching me calligraphy or calligraphy. 5) Approaching Sergeevka, we again ended up in an urema, that is, in a floodplain overgrown with sparse bushes and trees.

6) Father and Evseich fished out a very short time
a lot of very large fish, especially perches and asps.

(From the works of S. Aksakov)

Startled, he opened his brown eyes wide. (New-Rev.)

I am a journalist by nature, a cheerful person. (Prishv.) 6) When Alexei Krasilnikov left the infirmary, he met his countryman Ignat, a front-line soldier. (A.N.T.)

7) At one time, a very nice man, Kapi, went to the sisters
tan Roshchin seconded to Moscow to receive sleep
disguise. (A. N. T.) 8) Poor thing, she lay motionless,
and blood poured from the wound in streams. (L.) 9) Kyrgyz driver
sits motionless. (Furm.) 10) With him was a shaggy sil
ny dog named Faithful. (A. G.) 11) As part of the expedition
of the detachment entered Arsenyev, head of the expedition, Ni
Kolaev assistant for economic and organizational
parts Gusev naturalist and geologist Dzyul journalist.
12) As a sailor, I understand these deadly uplifts
waves, this clang of an iron bulk trembling and groaning in
violent embrace of the elements. (New-Rev.)

Separation of add-ons

Compounds consisting of nouns with prepositions apart from, besides, excluding, except for, including, over, along with, instead of, are usually isolated: 1) Who,except for the hunter experienced how gratifying it is to wander through the bushes at dawn?(T.); 2) Airplane,along with the passengers seized the mail; 3) With quick steps I passed a long "area" of bushes, climbed a hill and,instead of the expected familiar plain with an oak forest to the right and a low white church in the distance, I saw completely different, unknown places to me.(T.) These additions designate objects excluded from a number of other objects (1st example), objects included in such a series (2nd example), objects replaced by others (3rd example).

Additions with a preposition instead of do not stand apart when the preposition instead of used in the meaning for: Nikolai Dol-

wife was to work instead of the unexpectedly ill

comrade(for an unexpectedly ill friend).

423. Write down sentences, placing punctuation marks and explaining their use. Underline separate additions.

Instead of greeting, after a long absence, father and son began to cuff each other in the sides and in the waist and in the chest, now retreating and looking back, then advancing again. (G.)

The soil of the Suchanskaya valley, with the exception of only the swamps at the mouth of the river, is extremely fertile. (Przh.) 8) Above all expectations, the weather was dry and warm throughout October. 9) In the books of V. K. Arseniev, in addition to vivid artistic sketches, there is also a lot of valuable material about life in the Ussuri Territory. 10) All material including travel diaries is carefully studied. 11) The mood of the crew was elated beyond usual. (Nov.-Pr.) 12) Everyone except Varya loudly applauded the singers. (Step.) 13) Instead of telling the content of the story, we will present only a short sketch of its main characters. (Good)

§ 78 Separation of circumstances

Separation of circumstances expressed by gerunds

Isolate themselves	Not isolated
1. Germs with dependent words, as well as two or more gerunds related to one verb: 1) Holding a pitcher over your head the Georgian woman went down a narrow path to the shore. Sometimes she slipped between the stones,laughing awkwardness	1. Participles with dependent words, which have turned into stable turns of speech, which have become integral expressions (usually they come after the verb to which they refer: sleeveless, rolled up sleeves, headlong, breathless etc.): 1) The boy was running

Continuation

Isolate themselves	Not isolated
his. (L.); 2) Sun,hiding behind a narrow gray cloud, gilds its edges.(New-Rev.); 3) From the Urals to the Danube, to the big river,swaying and sparkling shelves move.(L.)	headlong (very fast); 2) Will be workingroll up your sleeves (unanimously, stubbornly). But: Father,roll up your sleeves, washed his hands thoroughly.
2. Single gerunds, if they do not have the meaning of an adverb (usually they come before the verb): 1) making some noise, the river calmed down, again lay down on the banks.(Floor.); 2) rumble,not silent, rolls on.(CM.); 3) The steppe turned brown and smoked,drying up. (V. Sh.)	2. Single gerunds that have the meaning of a simple adverb, acting as a circumstance of the mode of action (usually they come after the verb): 1) Yakov walkedslowly (slowly). (M. G.); 2) He talked about the walklaughing (funny).
	3. Participles with dependent words, closely merging with the verb in meaning: The old man was sittinghead down. The important thing here is not that the old man was sitting, but that he was sitting with his head bowed.
	4. Groups of homogeneous members, consisting of adverbs and participles: The boy answered questionsfrankly and without embarrassment.
Participles and participles connected by a union and 9 like others homogeneous members, do not separate from each other with a comma: I looked back. At the edge of the forestlaying one ear on and lifting the other, the hare jumped.(L. T.) In all other cases, gerunds and adverbial phrases separated by a comma from the union preceding or following them and: 1) Batteries jump and rattle in copper formation, and,smoking, as before a fight, the wicks are burning.(L.) 2) Textbook. At 2 pm L. Ya. Zheltovskaya, O. B. Kalinina. Russian language. 2 ... to title data, annotations, preface and afterword; navigate the world... Methods of the Russian language as a science subject and objectives of the methods of teaching the Russian language Document Information, supplement them with new ones. beautiful preface to The Way to Happiness... cover title page, heading, foreword, illustrations, etc.), administered by ... material included in school textbooks Russian language and study guides for teachers... Reviewers: D. Geluk, M. Hirshman. Questions of Literature. 1968. No. S. 225-227; A. N. Vasil'eva. Russian language abroad. 1968. No. S. 119 Document Words that are difficult to spell in stable textbook Russian language(co-authored with M.A. Genkel) // There... Russian language. M.: Nauka: Flinta, 2003. Ch. editor and author of dictionary entries: Foreword... There. pp. 290-291. 218. Foreword. // There. pp. 4-9. 219. ... Dictionary of paronyms of the Russian language Literature Teachers Russian language at home and abroad, compilers textbooks Russian language and allowances for Russian language. Lexicographers ... § 1. The dictionary includes: a) foreword; b) a list of conditional abbreviations; in) Russian alphabet; d) vocabulary corpus, ...

Applications and their isolation

I. 1. If a single agreed application and the noun it defines are common nouns, then between them is written hyphen, for example: 1) Winding street- snake. (Lighthouse.); 2) Grandson- chauffeur bows to his grandfather from behind the wheel. (Tward.) A hyphen is also written in the case when a common noun is after a proper name and closely merges with it in meaning, for example: 1) Over the Volga- river splashed the accordion Saratov suffering. (Surk.); 2) Vasilisa and Lukerya said that they saw Dubrovsky and Arkhip- blacksmith minutes before the fire. (P.) But: 1) The Volga River flows into the Caspian Sea; 2) The coachman Anton and the blacksmith Arkhip disappeared to no one knows where. (P.)

Note. A hyphen is not put: 1) if the first noun is a common address (comrade, citizen, etc.), for example: Citizen financial inspector! I'm sorry to trouble you. (Lighthouse.); 2) if the application before the word being defined is close in meaning to the agreed definition expressed by a single-root qualitative adjective, for example: Gorgeous the dawn in the sky lit up. (Rings.) But: Ippolit struck with his extraordinary resemblance to his sister- beauty. (L. T.)

2. Inconsistent applications (names of newspapers, magazines, works of art, enterprises, etc.) are enclosed in quotation marks, for example: Smena magazine, watch the Swan Lake ballet, work at the Salyut factory.

II. 1. Separated and separated in writing by commas:

a) single and common applications related to a personal pronoun, for example: 1) At rallies, we, newsboys learned a lot of news. (Paust.); 2) Yes, indifferent inhabitant of the world, in the bosom of idle silence, I praised the lyre of the obedient tradition of dark antiquity. (P.);

b) common applications related to the word being defined - a common noun, for example: 1) Eagles, troop satellites, climbed over the mountain. (P.); 2) Only the feeder does not sleep, silent northern old man. (CM.); 3) Marsh Moisture Carrier, I was pierced by the fog. (Ec.);

c) common and single applications, standing after a definable noun - a proper name, for example: 1) Onegin, my good friend, was born on the banks of the Neva. (P.); 2) The girl Vovnich was sitting nearby, radio operator. (Hump.)

Standalone Applications, similar to the applications given in the last two examples, should be distinguished from non-isolated applications that are closely related to a proper name, denoting their permanent, as it were, integral feature with the names of persons: Arkhip the blacksmith, Agafya the housekeeper, Averka the tailor, Dumas the father, Dumas son (see above, p. I, 1).

2. A common application in front of a proper name is isolated when it has an additional connotation of causality (in this case it can be replaced by a turnover with the word being): Theater evil legislator, fickle admirer of charming actresses, honorary citizen of the backstage, Onegin flew to the theater. (P.) But: Odessa in sonorous verses my friend Tumansky described. (P.)

3. A common application instead of a comma can be separated by a dash in writing: a) if it not only defines the word, but also complements its content: 1) I had a cast-iron kettle with me - my only joy in traveling through the Caucasus. (L.); 2) Topolev - a tall, bony old man with a grey-green mustache He didn't say a word all evening. (V. Azh.); b) if it is necessary to establish a line between applications and the word being defined: The fiercest scourge of heaven, nature's horror- Pestilence rages in the forests. (Cr.); c) if the application needs to be separated from homogeneous members: On the terrace I saw my grandmother, Nikolai Kuzmich - roommate, sister Nina with two friends.

4. Separate applications attached by unions that is, or(in the meaning that is), in words even, for example, in particular, by nickname, by name, including and similar, acting as unions: 1) Father showed me a wooden chest, that is a box wide at the top and narrow at the bottom. (Ax.); 2) Many from the last ball pout at me, especially the dragoon captain. (L.); 3) I went with Starostin's son and another peasant, named Yegor, hunting. (T.); 4) Two hundred sazhens Ik was divided into two sleeves, or duct. (Ax.) Most applications attached by unions have a clarifying meaning (see examples 1, 3, 4). Some have an excretory character (see example 2).

Note. A proper name after a common noun can also act as a clarifying application, for example: 1) My father (who exactly?), Andrey Petrovich Grinev, served under Count Munnich. (P.); 2) In the second boy (namely?), Pavlushi, the hair was tousled. (T.)

5. Applications joined by the union as are separated by commas if they have a causality value; if the union as is equal in value to the expression as, then commas are not put: 1) Like a true artist, Pushkin did not need to choose poetic subjects for his works, but for him all subjects were equally filled with poetry. (Bel.); 2) Rich, good-looking, Lensky was accepted everywhere like a groom. (P.)

421. Read and point out the attachments. Write off, placing the missing punctuation marks; highlight applications.

II. 1) A lieutenant signalman was sitting with the driver. (K.S.) 2) The wife of Nikolai Nikolaevich, a Frenchwoman, was no less distinguished by her humanity, kindness and simplicity. (Gonch.) 3) I saw Colonel Polyakov, the head of the Cossack artillery, which played an important role that day, and together with him arrived in the abandoned village. (P.) 4) I slowly walked to the old tavern of an uninhabited ruined hut and stood at the edge of a coniferous forest. (Kupr.) 5) The usual companions of my hunting excursions, the foresters Zakhar and Maxim, live here. (Kor.) 6) I am again a utensil worker on the Perm steamer ... Now I am a “black utensil worker” or a “kitchen man”. (M. G.) 7) Dear cook Ivan Ivanovich, nicknamed the Bear cub, is in charge in the kitchen. (M. G.) 8) The girls, especially Katenka, with joyful enthusiastic faces, look out the window at the slender figure of Volodya getting into the carriage. (LT) 9) Her father Platon Polovtsev, an engineer, was an old friend of my father. (AG) 10) We hunters find our happiness by the fire. (S.-M.) 11) The second Chadaev, my Evgeny, fearing jealous condemnations, was a pedant in his clothes and what we called a dandy. (P.) 12) This window came out of the room in which the young first violin Mitya Gusev, just released from the conservatory, lived in a summer position. (Ch.) 13) In the green sky, the stars of the harbinger of frost appeared. (Cupr.)

422. Write, punctuating and explaining their use.

(From the works of S. Aksakov)

II. 1) Lemongrass yellow butterfly sits on lingonberries. (Prishv.) 2) In late autumn, the steppe desert comes to life for a short time. (Prishv.) 3) The next morning, with my artist friend, I went by boat to Prorva. (Paust). 4) Startled, he opened his brown eyes wide. (New-Pr.) 5) I am a journalist by nature, a cheerful person. (Prishv.) 6) When Alexei Krasilnikov left the infirmary, he met his countryman Ignat, a front-line soldier. (A. N. T.) 7) At one time, a very nice man, captain Roshchin, who was seconded to Moscow to receive equipment, went to the sisters. (A. N. T.) 8) Poor thing, she lay motionless, and blood poured from the wound in streams. (L.) 9) The Kyrgyz driver sits motionless. (Furm.) 10) With him was a shaggy strong dog named Faithful. (AG) 11) The expedition team included Arsenyev, head of the expedition, Nikolaev, assistant for the economic and organizational part, Gusev, a natural scientist and geologist, Dzyul, a journalist. 12) As a sailor, I understand these murderous surges of waves, this clang of an iron bulk trembling and groaning in the violent embrace of the elements. (New-Rev.)

Separation of add-ons

Compounds consisting of nouns with prepositions apart from, besides, excluding, except for, including, over, along with, instead of, are usually isolated: 1) Who, except for the hunter, experienced how gratifying it is to wander through the bushes at dawn? (T.); 2) Airplane, along with the passengers, captured and mail; 3) With quick steps I passed a long "area" of bushes, climbed a hill and, instead of the expected familiar plain with an oak forest to the right and a low white church in the distance, I saw completely different, unknown places to me. (T.) These additions designate objects excluded from a number of other objects (1st example), objects included in such a series (2nd example), objects replaced by others (3rd example).

Additions with a preposition instead of do not stand apart when the preposition instead of used in the meaning behind: Nicholas had to work instead of an unexpectedly ill friend(for an unexpectedly ill friend).

423. Write the sentences, punctuating them and explaining their use. Underline separate additions.

1) In the dark distance there was nothing but sparkling lights. (New-Pr.) 2) Instead of a cheerful Petersburg life, boredom awaited me in a deaf and distant side. (P.) 3) Everything was silent around. Not a sound but the sighs of the sea. (M. G.) 4) The entire crew of the ship, including the captain and chief mechanic and barman, consisted of eight or nine people. 5) In addition to the pretzel shop, our host also had a bakery. (M. G.) 6) Instead of greeting, after a long absence, the father and son began to cuff each other in the sides and in the lower back and in the chest, then retreating and looking around, then advancing again. (G.) 7) The soil of the Suchanskaya valley, with the exception of only the swamps at the mouth of the river, is extremely fertile. (Przh.) 8) Above all expectations, the weather was dry and warm throughout October. 9) In the books of V. K. Arseniev, in addition to vivid artistic sketches, there is also a lot of valuable material about life in the Ussuri Territory. 10) All material including travel diaries is carefully studied. 11) The mood of the crew was elated beyond usual. (Nov.-Pr.) 12) Everyone except Varya loudly applauded the singers. (Step.) 13) Instead of telling the content of the story, we will present only a short sketch of its main characters. (Good)

But these people were sure that behind the hill of Maira, where we almost got there, where they had been roaming quite recently, was the promised land.

“The arch,” said our Adam and Eve, “here is the ridge of the earth, this is that earth.”

- But why is she Arka, why Arcadia? we asked.

“The mutton is fat, the koumiss is drunk, they don’t sow bread and don’t eat it,” the first farmers answered.

By the lake someone was waving white. We thought: "This is a hunter poisoning a white gyrfalcon." They began to wait for the flight of the bird. But the hunter kept waving, but the gyrfalcon did not fly. The old Jetak told us about the hunter: this is his crazy son-in-law; earlier he had countless herds of bay horses, but in the year of the Hare, the great Khudai took everything from him and ordered him to live in a dugout and work the land. The proud man said to this: “I don’t want to live alive in the grave,” and settled in a crack in the mountain. For this, the great Khudai deprived him of his mind: he used to be the first hunter with white falcons and gyrfalcons, and now, when he sees ducks on the lake, he comes out of a crack and waves his white hat like a gyrfalcon.

- Oh, Allah! Old Adam sighed.

And Eve answered him in exactly the same way:

- Oh, Allah!

- Chock, chock! the woman shouted at the camel.

He bent his knees reluctantly and screamed. The woman sat on horseback and, holding on to a thin hump, shouted:

The camel raised the woman high above the dugout.

The old man sat on the bull.

Our horses were more cowardly than a camel, and the bull lagged behind everyone.

- Choo, choo! - the old man whipped the bull, also cowardly and, catching up with us, said his steppe proverb:

- If your comrade is crooked, try to close your eyes in order to be with him under a couple.

(Steppe sketch)

In order not to kill the horses in the steppe for a stretch, they go at a measured jog from well to well. We drive as we need to drive, and therefore it seems as if during the day the sun moves across the sky, as we do, and at night the stars move in the same way. The steppe behind the Irtysh, if you go to Balkhash, at first is so flat, the road is so smooth that the water in the bucket tied to the trembling does not splash. If bad weather forces us to take refuge in the winter quarters of nomads or in the lake reeds, then Lost time we dial on a moonlit night.

Once after such a night ride, we saw the horizon is not as correct as before. It seemed as if someone with a clumsy hand had cut off a round, like a frying pan, circle of the horizon with scissors. Soon the steppe was agitated even under us.

- Choo, Karat! Chu, Kulat! - we drove the horses from hill to hill.

The steppe became undulating, like the sea in a dead swell, the riding was wrong. We climbed higher and higher; each hill gave something new. And so, finally, the real steppe mountains appeared, like the waves of petrified and punished waves.

Here the salt still stood out on the ground and turned white on the road like snow. But fresh streams were already running from the mountains, some kind of woody bristles had already begun to appear along the edges. Above, as if stuck by shooting, pine trees stood on bare stones. Even higher, on broken rocks, a real forest grew, mountain lakes shone. From here, far around, one could see the yellow sea of the steppe, and everywhere on it the same mountains, like blue tents. It seemed as if we had arrived in the country of the giants who roamed in those blue tents.

In the depths of one of these oases with fresh water and the small city of Karkaraly hid in the forest - a bunch of gray wooden houses, similar to fragments of granite crumbling from the mountains.

This is where the country of the shepherds Arka is, which means from the Kyrgyz “The ridge of the earth”, a blessed country that is only three letters short of the real Arcadia.

I stopped at a post station near the square. A stone building of the county government stood out from a row of houses with two small cannons, against which a camel was rubbing. On the square itself there were many rams, around which, right on the ground, the Kirghiz sat, chatting and feeling fat fat tails. The riders surrounding the rams and people in robes sitting on the ground, from time to time got off their horses and also felt and patted the rams. Beautiful Sarts merchants, mullahs in turbans, women on wooden balconies and pine trees on high cliffs cut into the September sky - all seemed to be talking to sheep. And they, hook-nosed, substituted their fat tails for general attention.

In the evening, I left the post station house for a walk in the mountains and look at it all from above. But the mountains only seemed close. I forgot about the fact that it gets dark here faster than here. I was just starting to rise, and suddenly it grew dark, as if blinking, and a star shone at the top near the tip of a stone that looked like an eagle's beak. I turned back, and when I entered the city, all the stars were in the sky, it became completely dark.

It seems that in this town there is also a second square, and when I returned from the mountains, I probably ended up on this second one: there was no post station here. I darted from end to end; the milestone has disappeared. What to do? Everything was empty. The windows are boarded up. There was no one to ask, since all the nomads had gone to the steppe, and the settled inhabitants were impregnable. I stopped and listened. Dogs barked in the city, wolves howled in the steppe, bitterns chirped in the reeds of the lake, a mallet sounded. I went to the knock to look for the watchman. But looking for a mallet in a dark street is like catching a cricket in a wall by the sound. If the watchman had not taken it into his head to rest, sitting astride the cannon of the county government, I would never have found him. He sat and knocked. I went. New trouble! I did not know the Kyrgyz words for "post station".

- Are the arms and legs healthy, are the cattle healthy? I said the usual greeting.

- Amamba! Aman! - answered the Kirghiz and asked about my cattle.

I answered, like him, asked in detail about the health of his sheep, horses, camels, told everything about my cattle, using only two words "amamba" and "aman", but I could not find out anything about the post station. Finally, he took me by the sleeve and dragged me somewhere into an alley. I saw the doors wide open and the hall lit by a kerosene lantern.

“Khosh,” said the Kirghiz, “farewell!”

“Rahmet,” I replied, “thank you.

I entered this house to ask about the post station, and in the half-dark hall I saw many backs and faces brightly lit by candles.

So I ended up in the hall of a public meeting and got acquainted with the intelligent population of the wild steppe and mountain oasis of Karkaraly.

On the very first Sunday, the members of the club had a picnic in my honor in the mountains, where a very strange lake was hidden in the stone folds. So bizarre are these blocks of granite in the steppe mountains, so many cracks, passages and turns here, that rarely anyone can find this lake right away. Everyone wanders, and everyone thinks: "hell leads", for which they gave the name "Devil's Lake". They say that the bishop, having visited Karkaraly, went with the priest and the deacon to bless the lake. But they also got lost and dispersed in the stones in different sides. They prayed with special zeal and heard the whistle of a sandpiper. We went to the whistle and went to the Devil's Lake. They served a thanksgiving prayer service, consecrated it, put a stone cross on the mountain and called it “Sacred Lake”.

It was a long time ago, since then the cross fell into the water, and the lake still began to be called Devil's.

This time the members of the club made it safely to the top of the mountain and, exhausted, sat down on the rocks near the lake, which looked very much like an artificial pool.

414. Read and indicate the isolated parts of the sentence. Explain punctuation.

1) The dark blue peaks of the mountains, pitted with wrinkles, covered with layers of snow, were drawn in the pale sky, which still retained the last reflection of dawn. 2) Excited by memories, I forgot myself. 3) Pechorin and I were sitting in a place of honor, and now the owner’s younger daughter, a girl of about sixteen, came up to him and sang to him. 4) From the corner of the room, two other eyes, motionless, fiery, looked at her. 5) Occasionally a cool wind came from the east, lifting the horses' manes covered with hoarfrost. 6) Returning, I found a doctor. 7) Contrary to the prediction of my companion, the weather cleared up.

(M. Lermontov)

§ 75. SEPARATION OF DEFINITIONS

1. Separate and separated in writing by commas alone
nightly and common consensus definitions,
if they refer to a personal pronoun, for example:

1) Tired of a long speech I closed my eyes and
fell asleep.(L.); 2) And he, rebellious, asks for storms, as if in
storms have peace.(L.); 3) But you jumped irresistible,
and a flock of sinking ships.(P.)

Note. From isolated agreed definitions expressed by adjectives and participles, it is necessary to distinguish adjectives and participles that are part of a compound nominal predicate, for example: 1) He came especially excited and cheerful.(L. T.); 2) He went home sad and tired. (M. G.) In these cases, adjectives and participles can be put in instrumental, For example: He came especially excited and cheerful.

2. Separated and separated in writing by commas
common agreed definitions, if they
stand after the noun being defined: 1) Ofi
cer, riding on horseback pulled the reins, stopped at
a second and turned to the right.(Cupr.); 2) wisps of smoke
flied in the night air, full of moisture and freshness of the sea.
(M. G.) (Compare: 1) on horseback the officer pulled the reins
dya, stopped for a second and turned to the right.

2) Streams of smoke curled full of moisture and freshness
sea night air- there is no isolation, since
nouns come before definable nouns.)

3. Separate single agreed definitions
if there are two or more of them and they are after the definition
of the noun being spoken, especially if before it
there is already a definition: 1) There was a field all around lifeless
oh, sad. (Boon.); 2) The sun, magnificent and bright
rose above the sea.(M. G.)

Sometimes definitions are so closely related to the noun that the latter without them does not express the desired meaning, for example: In the forest of Ephraim, the atmosphere was waiting suffocating, dense, saturated with the smells of needles, moss and rotting leaves. (Ch.) Word atmosphere acquires the necessary meaning only in combination with definitions, and therefore they cannot be isolated from it: it is important

not that Ephraim was "awaited by an atmosphere", but that this atmosphere was "suffocating", "thick", etc. Cf. one more example: His [leader's] face had an expression enough nice, but picaresque (P.), where definitions are also closely related to the word being defined and therefore are not isolated.

4. Agreed definitions that precede the noun being defined are isolated if they have an additional adverbial value (causal, concessive or temporary). These definitions often refer to proper names: 1) Attracted by the light butterflies flew in and circled around the lantern.(Ax); 2) Tired of the day's march, Semyonov fell asleep soon.(Kor.); 3) More transparent the forests seem to be turning green.(P.); 4) Not cooled by the heat, July night shone.(Tyutch.)

5. Inconsistent definitions, expressed by indirect cases of nouns with prepositions, are isolated if they are given greater independence, that is, when they complement, clarify the idea of an already known person or object; this is usually the case if they refer to a proper name or personal pronoun: 1) Prince Andrew, in a raincoat, riding a black horse, stood behind the crowd and looked at Al-patych.(L. T.); 2) Today she in a new blue hood, She was especially young and impressively beautiful.(M. G.); 3) elegant officer, in a cap with golden oak leaves, shouted something to the captain.(A.N.T.) Compare: The engineer was most dissatisfied with the delay with a thunderous voice, in tortoise-shell glasses. (paust.)

Inconsistent definitions expressed by indirect cases of nouns, in addition, are usually isolated: a) when they follow isolated definitions expressed by adjectives and participles: Boy, shorn, in a gray blouse, served Laptev tea without a saucer.(Ch.); b) when they stand in front of these definitions and are connected with them by coordinating conjunctions: poor guest, with a torn linen and scratched to the blood, soon found a safe corner.(P.)

415. Write down, placing punctuation marks and explaining their use. Separate agreed and inconsistent definitions underline.

13) At the sight of Kalinovich, the lackey, stupid in appearance but in livery with galloons, stretched himself into a duty pose. (Letters.)

14) Boris could not sleep and he went out into the garden in a light morning coat. (Hound.) 15) Berezhkova herself, in a silk dress with a cap on the back of her head, was sitting on the sofa. (Hound.)

417. Write off, placing punctuation marks. Underline isolated definitions.

§ 76. CONSTRUCTION OF REVOLUTIONS WITH COMMON

DEFINITIONS EXPRESSED BY PARTICIPLES

AND ADJECTS

Participial or an adjective with dependent words must come before or after the word to which they refer: 1) Sound of the sea, coming from below talking about peace.(Ch.) Or: coming from below the sound of the sea spoke of peace(but wrong: “The sound of the sea from below spoke of peace”); 2) Pugachev, true to his promise) approached Orenburg.(P.) Or: True to my promise Pugachev was approaching Orenburg(but not-

418. Write down, agree with the highlighted words the data in brackets
kah common definitions. Their place (before or after
shared word) choose yourself.

419. Indicate what mistakes were made in the construction of participles
turnovers. Write off, making the necessary corrections.

1) In the overgrown meadows with lush vegetation, there were many birds. 2) The novel created by the young author caused lively controversy. 3) Residents of the village affected by the flood were provided with timely assistance. 4) The boat being driven by the waves and the wind quickly rushed along the river. 5) From afar, floating logs on the water were visible.

420. Write with punctuation marks. Designate in each
house sentence grammatical basis.

§ 77. STAND-ALONE APPLICATIONS AND SUPPLEMENTS

Applications and their isolation

1) Saratov accordion splashed over the Volga River
suffering.(Surk.); 2) Vasilisa and Lukerya said that
they saw Dubrovsky and Arkhip the blacksmith a few
minutes before the fire.(P.) But: 1) River Volga flows into Kas
pian sea; 2) Coachman Anton and blacksmith Arkhip are gone
no one knows where.(P.)

2. Inconsistent applications (names of newspapers, journals
cash, artistic works, enterprises and
etc.) are enclosed in quotation marks, for example: magazine "Sme
on the", watch ballet "Swan Lake", work for
factory "Firework".

II. 1. Separated and separated in writing by commas:

a) single and widespread applications, referring to
referring to a personal pronoun, for example: 1) On mitin
gah we newspapermen, learned a lot of news.(Paust.);

2) So, indifferent inhabitant of the world, in the bosom of an idle
I praised silence with a lyre of obedient dark tradition
antiquity.(P.);

b) common applications related to the definition
shared word - common noun,
for example: 1) Eagles, military satellites, rose above the

swarm.(P.); 2) Only the feeder does not sleep, silent northern old man. (CM.); 3) The peddler of swamp moisture, I was pierced by the fog.(Her);

c) common and single applications after the noun being defined - a proper noun, for example: 1) Onegin, my good friend, was born on the banks of the Neva.(P.); 2) A girl Vovnich sat next to me, radio operator (Hump.)

2. A common application in front of a proper name is isolated when it has an additional connotation of causality (in this case, it can be replaced by a turnover with the word being): The theater is an evil legislator, a fickle lover of charming actresses, an honorary citizen of the backstage, Onegin flew to the theatre.(P.) But: Odessa in sonorous verses my friend Tumansky described.(P.)

3. A common application instead of a comma can be separated by a dash in writing: a) if it not only defines the word, but also complements its content: 1) I had a cast iron kettle with me.- my only joy in traveling through the Caucasus.(L.); 2) Topolev- a tall, bony old man with a grey-green mustache - He didn't say a word all evening.(V. Azh.); b) if it is necessary to establish a line between applications and the word being defined: The fiercest scourge of heaven, nature's horror - pestilence rages in the forests.(Cr.); c) if the application needs to be separated from homogeneous members: On the terrace I saw my grandmother, Nikolai Kuzmich- roommate, sister Nina with two friends.

4. Separate applications attached by unions that is, or(in meaning i.e), words even, for example, in particular, by nickname, by name, including and similar, acting as unions: 1) Father

showed me a wooden chest, that is, a box wide at the top and narrow at the bottom.(Ax); 2) Many from the last ball pout at me, especially the dragoon captain. (L.); 3) I went with Starostin's son and another peasant, named Egor, to hunt.(T.); 4) Two hundred sazhens Ik was divided into two sleeves, or a duct. (Ax.) Most applications attached by unions have a clarifying meaning (see examples 1, 3, 4). Some have an excretory character (see example 2).

Note. AT a proper noun after a common noun can also act as a clarifying application, for example: 1) my father(Who exactly?), Andrey Petrovich Grinev, served under Count Munnich.(P.); 2) The second boy(namely?), Pavlushi, hair was tousled.(T.)

5. Applications joined by union as, separated by commas if they have a causality value; if the union as is equal in value to the expression as, then commas are not put: 1) Like a true artist Pushkin did not need to choose poetic subjects for his works, but for him all subjects were equally filled with poetry.(Bel.); 2) Rich, good-looking, Lensky was accepted everywhere like a groom. (P.)

421. Read and point out the attachments. Write off, placing the missing punctuation marks; highlight applications.

P. 1) A lieutenant signalman was sitting with the driver. (K.S.) 2) The wife of Nikolai Nikolaevich, a Frenchwoman, was no less distinguished by her humanity, kindness and simplicity. (Gonch.) 3) I saw Colonel Polyakov, the head of the Cossack artillery, which played an important role that day, and together with him arrived in the abandoned village. (P.) 4) I slowly walked to the old tavern of an uninhabited ruined hut and stood at the edge of a coniferous forest. (Kupr.) 5) The usual companions of my hunting excursions, the foresters Zakhar and Maxim, live here. (Kor.)

6) I am again a crockery on the Perm steamer, .. Now I am a “black crockery” or a “kitchen peasant”. (M. G.)

7) Dear cook Ivan Ivanovich, nicknamed the Little Bear, is in charge in the kitchen. (M. G.) 8) The girls, especially Katenka, with joyful enthusiastic faces, look out the window at the slender figure of Volodya getting into the carriage. (LT) 9) Her father Platon Polovtsev, an engineer, was an old friend of my father. (AG) 10) We hunters find our happiness by the fire. (S.-M.) 11) The second Chadaev, my Evgeny, fearing jealous condemnations, was a pedant in his clothes and what we called a dandy. (P.) 12) This window came out of the room in which the young first violin Mitya Gusev, just released from the conservatory, lived in a summer position. (Ch.) 13) In the green sky, the stars of the harbinger of frost appeared. (Cupr.)

422. Write off, placing punctuation marks and explaining their use.

6) Father and Evseich fished out a very short time
a lot of very large fish, especially perches and asps.

(From the works of S. Aksakov)

4) Startled, he opened his brown eyes wide. (New-Rev.)

5) I am a journalist by nature, a cheerful person. (Prishv.) 6) When Alexei Krasilnikov left the infirmary, he met his countryman Ignat, a front-line soldier. (A.N.T.)

Separation of add-ons

Compounds consisting of nouns with prepositions apart from, besides, excluding, except for, including, over, along with, instead of, are usually isolated: 1) Who, except for the hunter experienced how gratifying it is to wander through the bushes at dawn?(T.); 2) Airplane, along with the passengers seized the mail; 3) With quick steps I passed a long "area" of bushes, climbed a hill and, instead of the expected familiar plain with an oak forest to the right and a low white church in the distance, I saw completely different, unknown places to me.(T.) These additions designate objects excluded from a number of other objects (1st example), objects included in such a series (2nd example), objects replaced by others (3rd example).

Additions with a preposition instead of do not stand apart when the preposition instead of used in the meaning for: Nikolai Dol-

wife was to work instead of the unexpectedly ill

comrade(for an unexpectedly ill friend).

423. Write down sentences, placing punctuation marks and explaining their use. Underline separate additions.

6) Instead of greeting, after a long absence, the father and son began to cuff each other in the sides and in the lower back and in the chest, either retreating and looking around, or advancing again. (G.)

7) The soil of the Suchanskaya valley, with the exception of only the swamps at the mouth of the river, is extremely fertile. (Przh.) 8) Above all expectations, the weather was dry and warm throughout October. 9) In the books of V. K. Arseniev, in addition to vivid artistic sketches, there is also a lot of valuable material about life in the Ussuri Territory. 10) All material including travel diaries is carefully studied. 11) The mood of the crew was elated beyond usual. (Nov.-Pr.) 12) Everyone except Varya loudly applauded the singers. (Step.) 13) Instead of telling the content of the story, we will present only a short sketch of its main characters. (Good)

§ 78 Separation of circumstances

Separation of circumstances expressed by gerunds

Continuation

Isolate themselves	Not isolated
his. (L.); 2) The sun, hiding behind a narrow bluish cloud, gilds its edges. (New-Rev.); 3) From the Urals to the Danube, to the big river, swaying and sparkling, regiments move.(L.)	headlong (very quickly); 2) Let's roll up our sleeves(unanimously, stubbornly). But: Father rolled up his sleeves and washed his hands thoroughly.
2. Single gerunds, if they do not have the meaning of an adverb (usually they come before the verb): 1) Having made a noise, the river calmed down, again lay down on the banks.(Floor.); 2) The roar, not ceasing, rolls on.(CM.); 3) The steppe turned brown and smoked, drying up.(V. Sh.)	2. Single gerunds that have the meaning of a simple adverb, acting as a circumstance of the mode of action (usually they come after the verb): 1) Jacob walked slowly(slowly). (M. G.); 2) He laughed about the walk(funny).
3. Participles with dependent words, closely merging with the verb in meaning: The old man sat with his head down. The important thing here is not that the old man was sitting, but that he was sitting with his head bowed.
4. Groups of homogeneous members, consisting of adverbs and participles: The boy answered questions frankly and not at all embarrassed.
Participles and participles connected by a union and 9 like other homogeneous members, a comma is not separated from each other: I looked back. At the edge of the forest, putting one ear and raising the other, a hare jumped over.(L.T.) In all other cases, gerunds and participles are separated by a comma from the union preceding or following them and: 1) Batteries jump and rattle in copper formation, and, smoking, as before a battle, the wicks burn.(L.) 2) The "Eagle" finally went, developing a course, and, having caught up with the squadron, took its place in the ranks.(New-Rev.)

424. Write off, placing the missing punctuation marks. Explain their use in isolated circumstances, expressed by gerunds.

1) All these sounds merge into the deafening music of the working day and stand rebelliously swaying low in the sky above the harbor. 2) Standing under steam, heavy giants steamboats whistle, hiss, sigh deeply ... 3) Six steps away from him [Chelkash], at the sidewalk, on the pavement, leaning back against the nightstand, a young guy was sitting ... Chelkash bared his teeth, stuck out his tongue and made a terrible face stared at him with bulging eyes. The guy at first winked in bewilderment, but then he suddenly burst out laughing and shouted through laughter: “Ah, an eccentric!” - and almost without getting up from the ground he awkwardly rolled from his bedside table to the bedside table Chelkash, dragging his knapsack through the dust and tapping the heel of his scythe on the stones. 4) The guy got scared. He quickly looked around and, blinking timidly, also jumped up from the ground. 5) Chelkash came, and they began to eat and drink while talking. 6) The clouds crawled slowly, either merging or overtaking each other, their colors and shapes interfered, absorbing themselves and reappearing in new majestic and gloomy outlines. 7) For a minute the boat shuddered and stopped. The oars remained in the water, churning it, and Gavrila fidgeted uneasily on the bench. 8) Chelkash got up from the stern without letting go of the oars from his hands and stuck his cold eyes into Gavrila's pale face. 9) Chelkash's boat stopped and hesitated on the water, as if perplexed. 10) Gavrila silently rowed and, breathing heavily, sideways looked at where this fiery sword was still rising and falling. 11) The sea woke up. It played in small waves, giving birth to them, decorating them with fringed foam, colliding with each other and breaking them into fine dust. 12) The foam hissed and sighed, and everything around was filled with musical noise and splash. 13) Reflected by the playing sea, these stars jumped over the waves, either disappearing or shining again. 14) He walked slowly. 15) The road is drawn to the sea, it creeps meandering closer to the sandy strip, where the waves run up.

(From the works of M. Gorky)

425. Write off, placing punctuation marks. Detached members
underline your sentences.

1) Returning from the review, Kutuzov, accompanied by the Austrian general, went to his office and, calling the adjutant, ordered to submit to himself some papers related to the state of the incoming troops and letters received from Archduke Ferdinand, who commanded the forward army. (L.T.) 2) The Oblomovites very simply understood it [life] as an ideal of peace and inaction, disturbed from time to time by various unpleasant accidents, such as diseases, losses, quarrels and, among other things, labor. (Good) 3) The garden, more and more thin, turning into a real meadow, descended to the river overgrown with green reeds and willows; near the mill dam there was a deep and fishy stretch. (Ch.) 4) On the second day, the storm intensified. Rolling lower, ragged clouds descended, piled up in clumsy layers in the distance, heavily piled on the sea and narrowed the horizon, dark as straw smoke; boiling up foaming in huge mounds, the waves rolled across the vast expanse with a whistle and howl swept in a whirlwind, raising cascades of mother-of-pearl sprays. (New-Pr.) 5) There were three of us Saveliy, an old hunter, fat and round like a beehive, his long-eared wad, his dog, who understands hunting no worse than the owner, and at that time I was still a teenager. (Nov.-Pr.) 6) Nikolka, shining with a collar and buttons of his overcoat, walked with his head twisted. (Bulg.)

426. Write off, placing punctuation marks. Designate in each
the house of the sentence is its grammatical basis.

1) An (un) friendly army was already emerging from the city, rattled in timpani and pipes, and with their arms akimbo, the pans were leaving, surrounded by .. s (not) estimated servants. (G.) 2) Veretyev s.del leaning over and patting a branch on the grass. (T.) 3) He [Dolokhov] grabbed the bear and, embracing and lifting it, began to circle (?) around the room with him. (L. T.) 4) Paper dog. .re la and the last red label. , to teasing (not) a lot faded on the floor. (Bulg.) 5) Tears appeared on Masha's eyelashes; (A.N.T.) 6) Natasha pr..quietly looked out of her ambush, waiting for what he would do. (L.T.) 7) Vanya in the summer

(not) tirelessly worked in the yard, went to the mill, carried bread. (Seraf.) 8) Having made (a few) number of circles, he [the prince] took his foot off the pedal of the st. (L. T.) 9) Prince Andrei, seeing the urgency of his father’s demand, (c) began .. (not) willingly, but then more and more alive .. coming and (un) freely in the middle of the story, out of habit, switching from Russian to French began to outline the operational plan of the proposed campaign. (L. T.)

427. Write off, placing punctuation marks. Orally explain the use of punctuation marks in separate members suggestions.

1) At this morning hour, I irresistibly want to sleep, and crouching behind my father’s broad back, I nod. (S.-M.) 2) The song came from somewhere unknown, drowning out then growing. (S.-M.) 3) And without fear, they sat close to me, the little forest birds sang loudly. (S.-M.) 4) Lying on the bank of a stream, I look into the sky, where a deep boundless expanse opens up above the branches swayed by the wind. (S.-M.) 5) As if emphasizing the frozen immobility July day forest grasshoppers sing and flood. (S.-M.) 6) Solid milky clouds covered the entire sky; the wind quickly drove them whistling and screeching. (T.) 7) Rudin stood with his arms crossed over his chest and listened with intense attention. (T.) 8) She did all this slowly without noise with some tender and quiet concern on her face. (T.) 9) The old man, without saying a word, with a majestic movement of his hand, threw the key from the door to the street out of the window. (T.) 10) Another time, Lavretsky, sitting in the living room and listening to the insinuating, but heavy rantings of Gedeonovsky, suddenly, without knowing why, turned around and caught a deep, attentive, inquiring look in Lisa's eyes. (T.)

Sentences with separate and clarifying members of the sentence. Sentences with the word «attention» He had a shaggy strong dog

Methods of the Russian language as a science subject and objectives of the methods of teaching the Russian language

Reviewers: D. Geluk, M. Hirshman. Questions of Literature. 1968. No. S. 225-227; A. N. Vasil'eva. Russian language abroad. 1968. No. S. 119

Dictionary of paronyms of the Russian language

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Sentences with separate and clarifying members of the sentence. Sentences with the word «attention» He had a shaggy strong dog

Methods of the Russian language as a science subject and objectives of the methods of teaching the Russian language

Reviewers: D. Geluk, M. Hirshman. Questions of Literature. 1968. No. S. 225-227; A. N. Vasil'eva. Russian language abroad. 1968. No. S. 119

Dictionary of paronyms of the Russian language

Read also:

Amount of movement Amount of movement of a system of material points

Eccentric tension - compression

Examples Determine if a sequence is infinitesimal

Recent Entries