Historical digression
MMQ (Maudsley Medical Questionnaire - the first part of the name of the questionnaire is dedicated to the place where Yu.G. Eysenck had the honor to work) - a technique that was released in 1947. Designed to identify neuroticism, it consisted of 40 statements requiring confirmation or refutation by a participant in a psychological experiment. The statements of the temperament test, an online free Eysenck test that you can take at home today, were borrowed from questionnaires that were popular at the time. At the same time, the vector of the author's research was aimed precisely at neurotic disorders. As an experimental base for MMQ, a thousand neurotics and a thousand normal people were taken. Analysis of the information received showed that this Eysenck questionnaire is able to diagnose hysterical and dysthymic neurotic disorders. However, the scientist went further and suggested that in this way it is possible to establish what type of personality a person belongs to - an introvert or an extrovert. MMQ was abandoned over time, and Yu.G. Eysenck set about creating a new personality questionnaire. The second personality questionnaire MPI MPI (Maudsley Personality Inventory) is a questionnaire that was published in 1956. Unlike Eysenck's previous work, it consists of 2 internal scales:
The third personality questionnaire EPI EPI (Eysenck Personality Inventory) is a 1963 questionnaire containing 57 questions. The first part of the temperament test, online for free Eysenck, which anyone can take today, was aimed at determining introversion - extraversion (24 questions). The second part of the test made it possible to assess the emotional stability - the instability of the test person (24 questions). The rest of the questionnaire was devoted to determining the sincerity and attitude of the subject to the survey (9 questions). As a visual aid, two versions of the questionnaire (A and B) were presented, differing only in textual content. The instructions and material for decoding they were identical. In Russia, an adaptive version of EPI was published under the authorship of A.G. Shmelev. 
The fourth personality questionnaire EPQ EPQ (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire) is a product of the joint work of Yu.G. Eysenck and Sibylle Eysenck. Published in 1986, it became a visualization of the author's model PEN (Psychoticism, Extraversion, and Neuroticism - psychotism, extraversion and neuroticism). In addition to the temperament test scales, online for free Eysenck, which today can be taken for the purpose of self-study, a factor such as psychotism has been added to it. The test was increased to 91 statements, plus it was possible to add 10 "blank" statements to everything. Theoretical base
G. Yu. Eysenck, having studied the results of examinations of 700 neurotic soldiers, came to the conclusion that all personality traits The subject can be conditionally divided into 2 groups of factors:
The second factor of the temperament test, online for free Eysenck, which today can be passed for enough a short time, was responsible for measuring the level of emotional stability and anxiety of a person. Also being bipolar, on the one hand, he singled out groups of people that differ a high degree stability, maturity and adaptation, and on the other hand, the subjects who secretly showed nervousness, instability and poor adaptation. It is noteworthy that most of the tested belonged to the group with an average (normal) value of neuroticism. The intersection of the two presented bipolar characteristics is the ability to clearly determine the relationship of the test person to one of the four 4 temperaments. Psychoticism, as noted above, added to latest version Eysenck's questionnaire made it possible to determine the propensity of the subject to antisocial behavior and the inadequacy of emotional reactions. Having no polarity, he indicated that a person has serious problems with social adaptation. Nevertheless, there were no clear grounds to be confident in this judgment, therefore, to this day, this part of the questionnaire is being challenged. Temperament test online for free Eysenck
Eysenck's online temperament test for free includes 57 questions, the estimated testing time is 25 minutes.A questionnaire consisting of 57 statements with which you can agree, disagree or answer - "I do not know." The test allows you to determine one of 4 types of temperament: choleric, sanguine, melancholic and phlegmatic. There is no time limit for taking the test. For a reliable result, you should answer as sincerely as possible, since the test provides for a lie test.
Temperament is called idiosyncrasy psyche, which forms reactions to external stimuli. Temperament is an innate quality of a person's character, including several manifestations:
- Activity;
- Motor skills;
- Emotionality.
Types of temperament and their characteristics
Temperament Properties
To divide temperament into 4 types, several properties of this concept were identified:
- Emotional excitability. Displays the minimum level of stimulus, the impact of which will cause an emotional response.
- Activity and inactivity. Activity displays the amount of internal energy resources that a person uses to achieve a goal. Inactivity shows how immune a person is to stimuli, such as insults.
- Plasticity and rigidity. Both concepts reflect how a person is able to adapt to changing external conditions.
- Extraversion and introversion. Extroverts depend on the manifestations of the external world, and introverts - on the internal features of their own psyche.
- Rate of reactions. Displays the speed of response to the stimulus, the rate of speech, motor skills, as well as the speed of information perception.
The Eysenck test questionnaire allows you to determine the severity of each of the properties, due to which the result is formed. In addition, the technique also takes into account such a criterion as the reliability of answers, which allows you to avoid mistakes if a person is lying.
Types of temperament
Characteristics of the main types of temperament:
- Choleric. It is characterized by increased excitability and reduced rates of inhibitory reactions. He is active, prone to frequent mood swings, quick-tempered, sometimes aggressive. The movements, facial expressions and speech of the choleric are impetuous and fast. Control over emotions and feelings is reduced.
- Melancholic. He also has reduced control over the emotional background. The melancholic is very susceptible to irritants, is sensitive. Such people are closed, afraid of change, constantly worrying. Emotions are mostly negative.
- Sanguine. It is considered the most balanced type of temperament in terms of reactivity and inhibitory reactions. It is characterized by a rapid change of impressions, interests, plans, activities. There is a high activity in those areas that are of interest to him. Sanguine people are responsive and cheerful, they are characterized by some frivolity.
- Phlegmatic person. The main distinguishing quality of a phlegmatic person is calmness. It is very difficult to unbalance him, but at the same time, his adaptive capabilities are very low. He switches from one state to another for a long time, so his emotional background is usually constant.
The manifestation of each type of temperament can traditionally be illustrated by the following image, where they are alternately drawn: choleric, phlegmatic, melancholic and sanguine:
A person cannot accurately personify one of the types of temperament, in each of us several of their types are combined at once. Thanks to the Eysenck test, which can be passed on our resource, it is not so much the temperament that is determined, but the type of personality.
The history of the test
Eysenck's research in terms of temperament types dates back to the first half of the 20th century. The first questionnaire compiled by him appeared in 1947 and was aimed at identifying neuroticism. The questionnaire was compiled by borrowing statements from other tests. One had to either agree with the statements or not.
This was followed by a second test questionnaire in 1956. It has already explored two traits: neuroticism and extraversion/introversion. Also, points were added to it, allowing to determine the level of sincerity of the subject. The next questionnaire consisted of more questions, but did not differ in terms of assessment criteria, and only in the last version of the test did one more criterion appear - psychotism, which reveals signs of inadequacy.
Often, during a routine examination according to the Eysenck test, they resort to the third form of the questionnaire without assessing psychotism. To reveal the temperament, extraversion, neuroticism and the level of sincerity are enough.
Psychological foundations of the method
Determining the type of temperament, based on Eysenck's research, is possible when two properties are identified: extraversion and neuroticism. The combination of these characteristics and their severity forms a certain type of personality.
extraversion
- Typical extrovert. Open and sociable, feels the need to be in society, where he is highly active. Positive emotions predominate, control of feelings is reduced.
- Typical introvert. A closed person who has little contact with people who prefers outside world interior. He loves introspection, which is why he is serious when making decisions, prefers not to take risks. The emotional background is directed towards the negative, but it is very difficult to get an introvert out of himself.
neuroticism
- Sustainability. It is characterized by the ability to adapt to various changes, to achieve one's goal without reacting to surrounding stimuli. Such a person rarely worries or fears the future. Decreased emotionality is characteristic.
- Lability. Poor level of adaptation to change, as well as constant worry and fear. Expressed in a rapid change of mood and poor control of feelings. It is easy to lead such a person astray.
Test methodology and results
The questionnaire consists of 57 statements, with each of which you can agree, disagree or skip. Certain blocks of questions are aimed at evaluating one criterion, however, in order to assess sincerity and exclude intentional answers, all groups are mixed with each other. Points are awarded for each answer: "Yes" - 2 points, "No" - 0 points and "Don't know" - 1 point. After that, based on the knowledge of which statement characterizes which trait, points are calculated for each criterion, that is, for extraversion, neuroticism and sincerity.
The interpretation of the test results is made using a coordinate system, where the vertical axis is neuroticism, and the horizontal axis is extraversion. The system looks like this:
Thus find out a certain type of temperament. However, Sukhodolsky offered some clarification for this test, which is illustrated in the following system:
In the interpretation of the results according to Sukhodolsky, the type of temperament is determined more accurately, since the system contains boundary states.
The most commonly used scale of results, developed by Eysenck, on the basis of which, the results should be perceived as follows:
- Choleric - strong, active, unbalanced;
- Sanguine - strong, active, balanced;
- Phlegmatic - strong, inactive (inert), balanced;
- Melancholic - weak, inactive, unbalanced.
Learn more about your personality type complete characteristic each of the temperament types discussed above. It should be remembered that the test shows only dominant features, and there are no “pure” choleric, phlegmatic, etc. among people.
Hans Eysenck's online temperament type test also measures two personality parameters:
Extraversion/Introversion and Neuroticism/Stability. Together with 1 of the 4 personality types (sanguine, choleric, phlegmatic, melancholic), they provide great diversity in the manifestation of individual characteristics.
The test includes 57 non-repetitive yes-no questions. The test includes a lie scale that reveals distortions in the answers. The objects of measurement of the test are Extraversion-Introversion and Neuroticism-Stability.
Instructions: determine the type of temperament according to Eysenck
When filling online test Eysenck on temperament You get three scales:
- "Scale of Lies" - includes a maximum of 9 points. Measures how socially desirable your responses are. Those who scored 5 or more on this scale may try to avoid honest answers because of the desire to be socially acceptable.
- The Extraversion scale has a maximum of 24 points and measures how extroverted you are.
- The Neuroticism scale includes a maximum of 24 points and changes the degree of yours.
To interpret the scores, the E and N scales are plotted on a chart from which you can read your personality characteristics. The closer you are outside the circle, the more vivid personality traits. Please note that this online test is a very simplified scale. Therefore, if it turned out that the test showed something completely different from what you thought, then you are more likely right, and the test is wrong.
These are questions about the way you behave, react, and feel. Each question has two answer options - Yes or No. Try to determine if your usual response is closer to Yes or No. Answer quickly, do not spend too much time on each question, the first spontaneous reaction in the answer is usually the most accurate. It will take you no more than a few minutes to complete the test. Make sure you don't miss any of the 57 questions on the Eysenck Temperament Test. Start now, fill out quickly and don't miss out! There are no right or wrong answers and this is not a test of intelligence or ability, just a test of how you carry yourself.
Choleric, sanguine, phlegmatic, melancholic - what is it?
These are 4 main temperaments that characterize the types of personality behavior.
Hippocrates (5th century BC) described four types of temperament, determined by the fluid that supposedly predominates in the body: sanguine (from Latin sanguis - blood), choleric (from Greek chole - bile), phlegmatic (from Greek phlegma - mucus) and melancholy (from the Greek melaina chole - black bile). Temperaments were understood by Hippocrates in a purely physiological sense.
Theoretical basis
People's reactions different types temperament in the same situation (Figure X. Bidstrup) G. Eysenck, after analyzing the survey materials of 700 neurotic soldiers, came to the conclusion that the entire set of traits describing a person can be represented by 2 main factors: extraversion (introversion) and neuroticism.
The first of these factors is biopolar and represents a characteristic of a person's individual psychological make-up, the extreme poles of which correspond to the personality's orientation either to the world of external objects (extraversion) or to the subjective inner world (introversion). It is generally accepted that extroverts are characterized by sociability, impulsiveness, flexibility of behavior, great initiative (but little perseverance) and high social adaptability. Introverts, on the contrary, are characterized by lack of communication, isolation, social passivity (with sufficiently high perseverance), a tendency to introspection and difficulty social adaptation.
The second factor - neuroticism (or neuroticism) - describes some property-state that characterizes a person in terms of emotional stability, anxiety, self-esteem level and possible autonomic disorders. This factor is also bipolar and forms a scale, on one pole of which there are people who are characterized by extreme stability, maturity and excellent adaptation, and on the other - an extremely nervous, unstable and poorly adapted type. Most people are located between these poles, closer to the middle (according to the normal distribution).
The intersection of these 2 bipolar characteristics allows you to get an unexpected and rather curious result - a fairly clear assignment of a person to one of the four types of temperament.
Interpretation of test results
Extraversion / Introversion:
- more than 19 - a bright extrovert,
- more than 15 - extrovert
- 12 - average value,
- less than 9 - introvert,
- less than 5 - a deep introvert.
Neuroticism/Stability:
- more than 19 - a very high level of neuroticism,
- more than 14 - a high level of neuroticism,
- 9 - 13 - average value,
- less than 7 - low level of neuroticism.
Lie:
- more than 4 - insincerity in the answers, which also indicates a certain demonstrative behavior and orientation of the subject to social approval,
- less than 4 is normal.
Presentation of results by scales extraversion and neuroticism carried out using a coordinate system. The interpretation of the obtained results is carried out on the basis of psychological characteristics personalities corresponding to one or another square of the coordinate model, taking into account the degree of severity of individual psychological properties and the degree of reliability of the data obtained.
Drawing on data from the physiology of higher nervous activity, Eysenck hypothesizes that strong weak types, on Pavlov, are very close to the extroverted and introverted personality types. The nature of introversion and extraversion is seen in the innate properties of the central nervous system, which ensure the balance of the processes of excitation and inhibition.
Thus, using survey data on the scales of extraversion, introversion and neuroticism, we can derive temperament indicators personality according to Pavlov's classification, who described four classical types:
- sanguine(according to the main properties of the central nervous system, it is characterized as strong, balanced, mobile),
- choleric(strong, unbalanced, mobile),
- phlegmatic person(strong, balanced, inert),
- melancholic(weak, unbalanced, inert).
Definitions of temperament types
sanguine
"Clean" sanguine quickly adapts to new conditions, quickly converges with people, sociable. Feelings easily arise and change, emotional experiences, as a rule, are shallow. Facial expressions are rich, mobile, expressive. Somewhat restless, in need of new impressions, insufficiently regulates his impulses, does not know how to strictly adhere to the developed routine, life, system at work. In this regard, he cannot successfully carry out a task that requires an equal expenditure of effort, a long and methodical effort, perseverance, stability of attention, and patience. In the absence of serious goals, deep thoughts, creative activity, superficiality and inconstancy are developed.
Choleric
Choleric characterized by increased excitability, actions are intermittent. This type of temperament is characterized by sharpness and swiftness of movements, strength, impulsiveness, and a vivid expression of emotional experiences. Due to imbalance, carried away by business, he is inclined to act with all his might, to be exhausted more than he should. Having public interests, temperament manifests in initiative, energy, adherence to principles. In the absence of spiritual life, the choleric temperament often manifests itself in irritability, efficiency, intemperance, irascibility, inability to self-control under emotional circumstances.
Phlegmatic person
Phlegmatic person characterized relatively low level activity of behavior, new forms of which are developed slowly, but are persistent. It has slowness and calmness in actions, facial expressions and speech, evenness, constancy, depth of feelings and moods. Persistent and stubborn "worker of life", he rarely loses his temper, is not prone to affects, having calculated his strength, brings the matter to the end, is even in relationships, moderately sociable, does not like to talk in vain. Saves energy, does not waste it. Depending on the conditions, in some cases, a phlegmatic person can be characterized by “positive” traits - endurance, depth of thought, constancy, thoroughness, etc., in others - lethargy, indifference to the environment, laziness and lack of will, poverty and weakness of emotions, a tendency to fulfill just habitual actions.
melancholic
melancholic. His reaction often does not correspond to the strength of the stimulus, there is a depth and stability of feelings with their weak expression. It is difficult for him to concentrate on something for a long time. Strong influences often cause a prolonged inhibitory reaction in a melancholic (hands down). He is characterized by restraint and muffled motor skills and speech, shyness, timidity, indecision. Under normal conditions, a melancholic is a deep, meaningful person, can be a good worker, successfully cope with life's tasks. Under adverse conditions, it can turn into a closed, timid, anxious, vulnerable person, prone to difficult internal experiences of such life circumstances that do not deserve it at all.
Sources:
- EPI personality questionnaire (method of G. Eysenck)/ Almanac psychological tests- M., 1995. S.217-224.
Instruction. In order to determine the place of the type of temperament of the subject in the two-factor model of G. Eysenck, an adapted version of his questionnaire is used. Each proposed question should be answered with “yes” (+) or “no” (-). There is no mean value for the answer.
Questionnaire
1. Do you often feel cravings for new experiences in order to get distracted, to experience strong sensations?
2. Do you often feel that you need friends who can understand you and express sympathy?
3. Do you consider yourself a carefree person?
4. Is it very difficult for you to give up your intentions?
5. Do you think things over slowly and prefer to wait before acting?
6. Do you always keep your promises, even if it is not profitable for you?
7. Do you often have ups and downs in your mood?
8. Do you usually act and speak quickly and do not spend a lot of time thinking?
9. Have you ever had the feeling that you are unhappy, although there was no serious reason for this?
10. Is it true that you can decide on everything on a bet?
11. Do you feel embarrassed when you want to meet someone of the opposite sex that you like?
12. Do you sometimes lose your temper when you get angry?
13. Do you often act thoughtlessly, on the spur of the moment?
14. Do you often worry about the thought that you should not do or say something?
15. Do you prefer reading books to meeting people?
16. Are you easily offended?
17. Do you like to be in the company often?
18. Do you have thoughts that you would not like to share with other people?
19. Is it true that sometimes you are so full of energy that everything burns in your hands, and sometimes you feel very lethargic?
20. Do you try to limit your circle of acquaintances to a small number of your closest friends?
21. Do you dream a lot?
22. When someone yells at you, do you respond in kind?
23. Do you often feel guilty?
24. Are all your habits good and desirable?
25. Are you able to give free rein to your own feelings and have fun with might and main in a noisy company?
26. Is it possible to say that your nerves are often tense to
limit?
27. Are you considered a lively and cheerful person?
28. After a job is done, do you often go back to it mentally and think about what you could do better?
29. Is it true that you are usually silent and reserved when you are around people?
30. Do you ever spread rumors?
31. Does it happen that you can't sleep because different thoughts come into your head?
32. Is it true that it is often more pleasant and easier for you to read about what interests you in a book, although you can quickly and easily learn about it from friends?
33. Do you have a strong heartbeat?
34. Do you like work that requires close attention?
35. Do you have bouts of trembling?
36. Is it true that you always say only good things about people you know, even when you are sure that they will not know about it?
37. Is it true that you find it unpleasant in a company where they constantly make fun of each other?
38. Is it true that you are irritable?
39. Do you like work that requires quick action?
40. Is it true that you are often haunted by thoughts of various troubles and “horrors” that could happen, although everything ended well?
41. Is it true that you are slow in your movements?
42. Have you ever been late for a date or work?
43. Do you often have nightmares?
44. Is it true that you are such a talker that you never miss an opportunity to talk with a stranger?
45. Do you suffer from any pain?
46. Would you be upset if you could not see your friends for a long time?
47. Can you call yourself a nervous person?
48. Are there any among your acquaintances that you clearly do not like?
49. Are you easily offended by criticism of your shortcomings or your work?
50. Would you say that you are a confident person?
51. Do you find it difficult to get real pleasure from events in which there are many participants?
52. Are you bothered by the feeling that you are somehow worse than others?
53. Would you be able to spice up a boring company?
54. Do you sometimes talk about things that you do not understand at all?
55. Do you worry about your health?
56. Do you like to play pranks on others?
57. Do you suffer from insomnia?
Processing and interpretation of the Eysenck test.
The processing of testing should begin with determining the reliability of the answers of the subjects. If the answers match those indicated in the key, then 1 point is assigned to each of them. The key to the questionnaire is given below. If the sum of points on the indicator of sincerity of answers is 5 or 6, then the results obtained are questioned. If the total score is more than 7, then the test data is considered unreliable and further processing of the results is not performed. With a score of 0 - 4, the answers are reliable.
The key to the Eysenck questionnaire
On a blank sheet of paper, two mutually perpendicular axes of extraversion and neuroticism are drawn, as indicated in the figure, with scale values 0 - 24. The point of intersection of the axes corresponds to a value of 12.
The sum of points is calculated according to the indicator of extraversion - introversion. Points for answers for this indicator are awarded in the same way as for the indicator of "sincerity of answers" (1 point is assigned for each answer that matches the indicator of extraversion in the "key" of the questionnaire).
Suppose that when calculating the points for the indicator of extraversion, the sum turned out to be 15. In this case, a vertical line is drawn through the value of 15 on the extraversion axis. Similarly, the sum of points is calculated in terms of neuroticism. Let the sum of points for this indicator deliver 19. A horizontal line is drawn through the value of 19 on the axis of neuroticism. The intersection point of the horizontal and vertical lines will show the place of the subject in the two-factor model of G. Eysenck. In this case, choleric temperament was revealed.
Obviously, according to the data in the figure, the subject is a clear extrovert with somewhat pronounced emotional instability.
According to the extraversion factor (extraversion - introversion), the subjects can be divided into two groups. If, according to the indicator of extroversion, the subject scored less than 12 points, then he is more likely to be introversion. If the total score is more than 12, then the subject is characterized by extraversion. Scores from 0 to 12 reflect the severity of introversion, from 12 to 24 - extraversion.
Scoring for neuroticism is done in a similar way. If the total score is less than 12, the subjects are classified as representatives of emotional stability (stability). With a total score of more than 12, the subjects are classified as emotionally unstable personality types. It is necessary to make a reservation that the reliability of test results, as generally recognized by psychologists, does not exceed 0.8 (that is, 80%).
When determining the place of the personality of the subject in the two-factor model of G. Eysenck in terms of extraversion and neuroticism, it should be borne in mind that the very concept of "neuroticism" is not identical with neurosis. However, in individuals with high scores on the scale of neuroticism (22-24) in adverse, stressful situations, the manifestation of neurosis is not excluded.
Extraversion is a characteristic of a person's individual psychological differences, the extreme poles of which correspond to the personality's orientation either to the world of external objects (extroversion) or to the phenomena of its own subjective world (introversion).
Neuroticism is a concept characterized by emotional instability, anxiety, poor health, autonomic disorders. This factor is also bipolar. One of its poles has a positive meaning, is characterized by emotional stability, the other pole - by emotional instability. Emotional stability is inherent in sanguine and phlegmatic people, emotional instability - in choleric and melancholic people.
Extroverts (sanguine, choleric) are characterized by sociability, impulsiveness, flexible behavior, great initiative, high social adaptability, but also low perseverance.
Introverts (phlegmatic, melancholic) are characterized by observation, isolation, a tendency to introspection, difficulty in social adaptation, fixing interests on the phenomena of their own inner peace, social passivity with sufficient perseverance.
Sanguine: stable personality. Social, directed to the outside world, sociable, carefree. Cheerful, cheerful, talkative, sympathetic, proactive. Likes leadership, has many friends.
Choleric: unstable personality. Responsive. Touchy, excitable, unrestrained, aggressive, restless, impulsive, optimistic, active (but performance and mood are unstable), cyclical. Subject to mood. In a stressful situation, he is prone to hysterical-psychopathic reactions. Reactive.
Phlegmatic: stable personality. Slow, calm, passive, imperturbable, cautious, prudent, thoughtful, peaceful, benevolent, reliable, restrained, calm in relationships, prudent, able to withstand long-term adversity without disrupting health and mood.
Melancholic: Unstable personality. Anxious, pessimistic, outwardly restrained, sensitive, emotional, unsociable. Easily upset. In a situation of stress, it is prone to depression, deterioration in performance.
Eysenck questionnaire
(study of the temperament of a younger student)
Instruction:
“You are offered a series of questions about the peculiarities of your behavior. If you answer the question in the affirmative (“agree”), then put a “+” sign in the corresponding cell of the answer sheet, if negatively (“disagree”), then the sign “-“. Answer the questions quickly, without hesitation, as your first reaction is important. Every question needs to be answered.
Questions:
- Do you like to be in a noisy and cheerful company?
- Do you often need the help of other guys?
- When you are asked about something, do you usually find the answer quickly?
- Are you very angry, irritable?
- Do you often change your mood?
- Do you sometimes enjoy being alone more than meeting other guys?
- Are your thoughts disturbing your sleep?
- Do you always do everything at once, as you are told?
- Do you like to play pranks on someone?
- Have you ever felt sad for no particular reason?
- Can you say that you are, in general, a very cheerful person?
- Have you ever violated the rules of conduct at school?
- Does it happen that sometimes almost everything annoys you?
- Would you like a job where everything has to be done very quickly?
- Do you worry about all sorts of terrible events that almost happened, although everything ended well?
- Have you ever been entrusted with a secret, and for some reason you couldn't keep it?
- Can you easily cheer up a company of bored guys?
- Does it happen that your heart starts beating strongly, even if you are hardly worried?
- If you want to meet another boy (girl), are you almost always the first to start talking?
- Have you ever told a lie?
- Do you get upset easily when you are scolded for something?
- Do you always like to joke and tell funny stories to your friends?
- Do you sometimes feel tired for no particular reason?
- Do you always do what your elders tell you?
- Are you usually happy all the time?
- Can you say that you are a little more touchy than others?
- Do you always enjoy playing with other guys?
- Have you ever been asked to help with housework at home, and for some reason you couldn't do it?
- Do you sometimes feel dizzy for no particular reason?
- Does it happen that your actions and deeds put other people in an awkward position?
- Do you sometimes feel like you're tired of everything?
- Do you like to brag sometimes?
- Does it happen that, being among other guys, you are most often silent?
- Do you ever feel so nervous that you can't sit still?
- Are you very quick to make decisions?
- Do you sometimes make noise in the classroom if there is no teacher?
- Do you sometimes have scary dreams?
- Can you have fun without holding back in the company of guys?
- Are you easily upset?
- Have you ever said bad things about someone?
- Can you sometimes say to yourself that you are a carefree person?
- If you find yourself in a stupid position, then you get upset for a long time?
- Do you really like fun games?
- Do you eat whatever is served to you?
- When you are asked for something, do you always find it difficult to refuse?
- Do you like to visit often?
- Was there at least once in your life a moment when you did not want to live?
- Have you ever spoken rudely to your parents?
- Do you think you are considered a fun person?
- Do you often get distracted while doing your homework?
- It often happens that you do not want to take part in the general fun?
- Do you find it very difficult to fall asleep because of different thoughts?
- Are you almost always confident that you can handle the job you have taken on?
- Do you often feel lonely?
- Are you usually shy about talking to new people first?
- Do you often catch on when it's too late to fix something?
- When one of the guys yells at you, do you yell back too?
- Does it happen that you are very cheerful or very sad for no particular reason?
- Do you sometimes find it hard to really enjoy the company of guys?
- Do you often have to worry because you did something without thinking?
Form to the method "Eysenck's Questionnaire"
Surname, name _________________________________________________
Date of Birth ___________________________________________________________________
(day month Year)
Class _________________ Date of examination ____________________
Yes | Not | Yes | Not | Yes | Not | Yes | Not | Yes | Not |
|||||||||
The key to the Eysenck questionnaire
- Extraversion-introversion is determined by the sum:
- positive answers "+" to questions: 1, 3, 9, 11, 14, 17, 19, 22, 25, 27, 30, 35, 38, 41, 43, 46, 49, 53, 57
- negative answers "-" to questions: 6, 33, 51, 55, 59
- Emotional stability is determined by the sum of:
- positive answers "+" to questions: 2, 5, 7, 10, 13, 15, 18, 21, 23, 26, 29, 31, 34, 37, 39, 42, 45, 47, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60
- The scale of social desirability (lie scale) is determined by the sum:
- positive answers "+" to questions: 8, 24, 44
- negative answers "-" to questions: 4, 12, 16, 20, 28, 32, 36, 40, 48
Evaluation of results
emotional stability | Emotional instability |
||
high | Medium | high | Very high |
To 10 | 11…14 | 15…18 | 19…24 |
DATA INTERPRETATION
The results of the answers are compared with the "key". For the answer corresponding to the key, 1 point is assigned, for the non-corresponding key - 0 points. The points received are summed up -
Eysenck considered the structure of personality as consisting of three factors.
1) Scale extraversion-introversion(E), reflects the predominant orientation of the personality either to the world of external objects (extraversion), or to the phenomena of the subjective world (introversion). The qualities measured with its help largely depend on the mobility of the nervous system. In behavior, extroverts manifest themselves as excitable and mobile, and introverts as inhibited and inert.
Describing a typical extrovert, the author notes his sociability and outward orientation of the individual, a wide circle of acquaintances, the need for contacts. A typical extrovert acts on the spur of the moment, impulsive, quick-tempered. He is carefree, optimistic, good-natured, cheerful. Prefers movement and action, tends to be aggressive. Feelings and emotions do not have strict control, prone to risky actions. You can't always rely on him.
The typical introvert is a calm, shy, introspective person. Restrained and distant from everyone except close friends. Plans and considers his actions in advance, distrusts sudden urges, takes decisions seriously, likes everything in order. Controls his feelings, he is not easily pissed off. Possesses pessimism, highly appreciates moral norms.
2) Neuroticism - emotional stability. Characterizes emotional stability or instability (emotional stability or instability). According to some data, neuroticism is associated with indicators of the lability of the nervous system.
Emotional stability is a trait that expresses the preservation of organized behavior, situational focus in normal and stressful situations. An emotionally stable person is characterized by maturity, excellent adaptation, lack of great tension, anxiety, as well as a tendency to leadership, sociability.
Neuroticism is expressed in extreme nervousness, instability, poor adaptation, a tendency to quickly change moods (lability), feelings of guilt and anxiety, anxiety, depressive reactions, absent-mindedness, instability in stressful situations. Neuroticism corresponds to emotionality, impulsivity; unevenness in contacts with people, variability of interests, self-doubt, pronounced sensitivity, impressionability, a tendency to irritability. The neurotic personality is characterized by inadequately strong reactions to the stimuli that cause them. Individuals with high scores on the neuroticism scale in adverse stressful situations may develop neurosis.
The severity of the parameter of extraversion (E+) or introversion (E-) in combination with high emotional instability (Hp+) can act as criteria for the risk of mental health disorders. "Unstable extroverts" show a willingness to develop hysterical obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Drawing on data from the physiology of higher nervous activity, G. Eysenck hypothesizes that the strong and weak types according to Pavlov are very close to the extraverted and introverted personality types. The nature of intro - and extraversion is seen in the innate properties of the central nervous system, which ensure the balance of the processes of excitation and inhibition. According to G. Eysenck, such personality traits as extraversion - introversion and neuroticism - stability are orthogonal, i.e. are statistically independent of each other. Accordingly, G. Eysenck divides people into four types, each of which is a combination of a high or low score in the range of one property, together with a high or low score in the range of another. Thus, using the survey data on the scales of extraversion - introversion and neuroticism - stability, it is possible to derive personality temperament indicators according to Pavlov's classification, who described four classical types: sanguine (according to the main properties of the central nervous system, it is characterized as strong, balanced, mobile), choleric (strong , unbalanced, mobile), phlegmatic (strong, balanced, inert), melancholic (weak, unbalanced, inert).
"Pure" sanguine quickly adapts to new conditions, quickly converges with people, sociable. Feelings easily arise and change, emotional experiences, as a rule, are shallow. Facial expressions are rich, mobile, expressive. He is somewhat restless, needs new impressions, does not regulate his impulses enough, does not know how to strictly adhere to the developed routine of life, the system at work. In this regard, he cannot successfully carry out a task that requires an equal loss of strength, a long and methodical effort, perseverance, stability of attention, and patience. In the absence of serious goals, deep thoughts, creative activity, superficiality and inconstancy are developed.
Choleric characterized by increased excitability, actions are intermittent. He is characterized by sharpness and swiftness of movements, strength, impulsiveness, vivid expression of emotional experiences. Due to imbalance, carried away by business, he is inclined to act with all his might, to be exhausted more than he should. Having public interests, temperament manifests in initiative, energy, adherence to principles. In the absence of spiritual life, the choleric temperament often manifests itself in irritability, affectivity, intemperance, irascibility, inability to self-control under emotional circumstances,
Phlegmatic person characterized by a relatively low level of activity of behavior, new forms of which are developed slowly, but are persistent. Possesses slowness and calmness in actions, facial expressions and speech, evenness, constancy, depth of feelings and moods, Persistent and stubborn "worker of life", he rarely loses his temper, is not prone to affects, having calculated his strength, brings the matter to the end, is even in relations, and the measure is sociable, does not like to chat in vain. Saves energy, does not waste it. Depending on the conditions, in some cases a phlegmatic person can be characterized by “positive” features: endurance, depth of thought, constancy, thoroughness, etc., in others - lethargy; indifference to the environment, laziness and lack of will, poverty and weakness of emotions, a tendency to perform only habitual actions.
At the melancholic the reaction often does not correspond to the strength of the stimulus, there is depth and stability of feelings with their weak expression. It is difficult for him to concentrate on something for a long time. Strong influences often cause a prolonged inhibitory reaction in a melancholic (“hands down”). He is characterized by restraint and muffled motor skills and speech, shyness, timidity, indecision. Under normal conditions, a melancholic person is a deep, meaningful person, can be a good worker, successfully cope with life's tasks. Under adverse conditions, it can turn into a closed, timid, anxious, vulnerable person, prone to difficult internal experiences of such life circumstances that do not deserve it at all.
