Another post expanding the "geography of presence", this time dedicated to the museum-estate of Dmitry Venevitinov, who is no less than the fourth cousin of Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin.
The village of Novozhivotinnoye is located on the left bank of the Don River, 25 versts north of the provincial city of Voronezh. 
The Venevetinovs, who came from the Tula lands, settled in these parts in the first half of the 17th century, when in 1622 the Venevsky ataman Terenty was granted lands to the north of Voronezh, which included the village of Zhivotinnoye. 
In the second half of the 17th century, the ataman's grandson Lavrenty Gerasimovich Venevitinov and his son Anton acquired a thousand acres of land on the left bank of the Don, resettling peasants from the village of Zhivotinnoye there. The new settlement, accordingly, became known as Novozhivotinny, and the first mention of it dates back to 1678. 
In 1703, the wooden Archangel Church was moved from Starozhivotinnoye and re-consecrated - the new patrimony of the Venevetinovs became a village. 
The appearance of the estate began to take shape from the middle of the 18th century, when a park and a pond were laid out on the territory. In the years 1760-1770, a stone manor house with a mezzanine was built, subsequently rebuilt several times. The house underwent the first reconstruction at the beginning of the 19th century, the second - in the 1870s. 
By the beginning of the 19th century, the owners of the estate moved to Moscow, where in 1805 the future poet Dmitry Vladimirovich Venevitinov was born. In Novozhivotinnoye, the Venvetinovs appeared only in the summer to relax on the Don, but childhood romantic impressions of life in the countryside were firmly embedded in the poet's memory. 
The return of Dmitry Venvetinov to the estate happened in 1824, when, after the death of his father, the poet's mother, far from economic affairs, Anna Ivanovna sent her son to deal with the complaints of the peasants. It is believed that this trip influenced the worldview of a nineteen-year-old boy and his attitude to life - in 1825 he wrote philosophical short stories about nature. 
The fate of the poet turned out to be tragic - in March 1827, before he reached the age of 22, he died of pneumonia, which he caught while running lightly dressed from a ball in the Lansky house to his outbuilding. 
After the revolution, the estate was nationalized. Before the war, a music school and an orphanage were successively located in it, and during the war years - military unit. Then the estate fell into disrepair and collapsed, until in 1988 work began on its restoration. 
In 1994, the main house as a branch of the Voronezh Regional Literary Museum. Nikitina opened the doors to visitors. Relatively recently, in 2012, the reconstruction of the museum, which began two years earlier, was completed, the results of which we can now observe. 
On the "preservation of the spirit of the estate of the early XIX century" almost 60 million rubles were spent, but there is no smell of antiquity here, as they say. 
In the process of examining the exposition, one does not leave the feeling that all these equally inexpressive interiors... 
...numerous reproductions on white walls and seemingly foreign antique furniture exist as if by themselves. 
The only thing that attracted me was the layout of the estate occupying one of the halls on the first floor. 
Having quickly finished with the interiors, let's head back to the fresh air - to the park... 
...where the paths paved with Sobyanin's tiles lead us to the banks of the Don. 
On the shore, a rotunda gazebo has been recreated, which, presumably, is popular with local newlyweds.
“Had Venevitinov lived for at least ten years more, he would have moved our literature forward for decades…”
N. G. Chernyshevsky
Dmitry Vladimirovich Venevitinov(September 14 (26), 1805 - March 15 (27), 1827) - Russian poet, translator, prose writer.
Dmitry Vladimirovich Venevitinov was born in Moscow. His father, retired ensign of the Semyonovsky regiment Vladimir Petrovich Venevitinov (1777-1814), came from a wealthy Voronezh noble family. Mother, Anna Nikolaevna, came from princely family Obolensky-Belykh. Through her, Dmitry Venevitinov was distantly related (fourth cousin) with A. S. Pushkin.
Venevitinov received a classical home education, in 1822-1824. as a volunteer attended lectures at Moscow University. He was fond of not only history, philosophy and the theory of literature, but also mathematics and natural sciences. Having passed the exams for the university course, in 1824 he entered the service of the Moscow Archive of the College of Foreign Affairs, but his main occupation was literature. By this time, he was already the author of several poems, mostly freely transcribing ancient and modern European authors. Venevitinov was one of the organizers of the Moscow Society of Philosophy, which aimed to study idealistic philosophy and romantic aesthetics.
In November 1826, Venevitinov moved from Moscow to St. Petersburg, joining the Asian Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. At the entrance to St. Petersburg, the poet was arrested on suspicion of involvement in the Decembrists' conspiracy. He spent three days under arrest in one of the guardhouses in St. Petersburg. Being away from relatives and friends oppressed the poet. In addition, Venevitinov caught a bad cold, which led to an early death on March 15 (27), 1827, apparently from severe pneumonia. The body was sent to Moscow. Venevitinov was buried on April 2, 1827 at the cemetery of the Simonov Monastery in Moscow. At the funeral were Pushkin, Mickiewicz and other friends of the poet.
In his literary activity, Venevitinov showed versatile talents and interests. His romantic poetry is full of philosophical motifs. Many poems are dedicated to the high purpose of poetry and the poet, the cult of friendship: "Poet" (1826), "Poet and friend" (1827). He dedicated poems to friends, close people, beloved Zinaida Volkonskaya: "To my goddess" (1826), "Elegy" (1827), "Testament" (1826).
Venevitinov bequeathed at the hour of his death to put a ring on his finger - a gift from Zinaida Volkonskaya. When he fell into oblivion, AS Khomyakov put the ring on his finger. In the 1930s, during the demolition of the Simonov Monastery, the body of D.V. Venevitinov was exhumed and reburied at the Novodevichy cemetery. During the exhumation, the ring was removed from the poet's finger and is now kept in the Literary Museum.
Venevitinov was not only a poet, but also a translator, prose writer, wrote literary critical articles, translated the works of E. T. A. Hoffmann, J. V. Goethe and others. He was also known as a gifted artist, musician, and music critic.
The name of Dmitry Venevitinov is closely connected with our region. The Venevitinovs had possessions in the Voronezh province. As a child, Dmitry, along with his parents, stayed in the "family nest" - in Novozhivotinny. After the death of his father, the Venevitinov family stopped coming to the estate. But in August - September 1824, together with younger brother Alexei Dmitry Venevitinov visited Voronezh and his Voronezh estate. He lived in Novozhivotinnoye for about a month, often recalled his childhood, wrote letters to his mother and sister Sofya, and composed poetry. Now there is a monument of federal significance - the Museum-estate of D. V. Venevitinov.
In 1994, in the outlying zone of the Kominternovsky district of Voronezh, a new street- Venevitinskaya. In 2005, in honor of the 200th anniversary of Dmitry Venevitinov, a monument to the poet was opened on the territory of the Museum-estate of D. V. Venevitinov.
Works by D. V. Venevitinov
Venevitinov D.V. complete collection works / D. V. Venevitinov; ed. A. P. Pyatkovsky. - St. Petersburg: Printing house of O. I. Bakst, 1862. - 264 p.
The complete works of the poet, published in 1862 in the St. Petersburg printing house of Bakst under the editorship of A.P. Pyatkovsky, also contain a portrait of the author, a facsimile and articles about his life and writings.
Venevitinov D.V.Poems / D. V. Venevitinov. - Moscow: Soviet Russia, 1982. - 174 p. - (Poetic Russia).
Venevitinov D.V.Poems. Poems. Dramas / D. V. Venevitinov. - Moscow: Fiction, 1976. - 128 p.
The poet's books include his selected works.
Venevitinov DV Poems // Anthology of Russian poetry. – URL: http://www.stihi-rus.ru/1/Venevitinov/ .
Poets of Pushkin's time: selected poems. - Moscow; Leningrad: Detgiz, 1949. - 286 p. - (School library).
The collection includes selected poems by sixteen of the greatest poets of Pushkin's time, including Dmitry Venevitinov.
Russian poetry of the first halfXIX century. - Moscow: Slovo, 2001. - 765 p. - (Pushkin Library).
The book presents the work of fifty-six poets of various trends, including Dmitry Venevitinov (pp. 379–389).
Literature about the life and work of D. V. Venevitinov
Akinshin A. N. Voronezh nobility in persons and destinies: historical and genealogical essays with the application of the List of noble families of the Voronezh province / A. N. Akinshin, O. G. Lasunsky. – Ed. 2nd, revised. and additional - Voronezh: Center for the Spiritual Revival of the Chernozem Territory, 2009. - 432 p.
The book of Voronezh scientists presents biographies of the noble families of the Voronezh province, who lived on the territory of the region until 1917. The Venevitinovs and Stankeviches, the Raevskys and Tulinovs, the Potapovs and the Somovs… Poets and educators, manufacturers and military men. Among the illustrations, you can find drawings by the brother of the poet Dmitry Venevitinov Alexei Vladimirovich, who captured views of the village of Novozhivotinnoye in the middle of the 19th century.
Budakov V. V. Poet-philosopher Dmitry Venevitinov / V. V. Budakov // Voronezh: Russian Provincial Journal. - Voronezh, 2003. - Special. issue : Day Slavic writing and culture. – S. 118.
Budakov V. V. “It is too early to die, but to live ...” (Dmitry Venevitinov) / V. V. Budakov // Devotees of the Russian word / V. V. Budakov. - Voronezh, 2007. - S. 110-116.
The book "Ascetics of the Russian word" - lyrical essays about writers and poets, life and work related to the black earth region, the Central Russian strip. One of the essays is dedicated to Dmitry Venevitinov.
Venevitinov Dmitry Vladimirovich // Literary map of the Voronezh region. – URL: http://lk.vrnlib.ru/?p=persons&id=66 .
Dmitry Venevitinov. Estates of the Venevitinovs. creative legacy poet / [intro. Art. E. G. Novichikhina]. - Voronezh: Center for the Spiritual Revival of the Chernozem Territory, 2010. - 215 p.
The name of the poet is closely connected with the Voronezh region: four estates of the Venevitinov family were located in Ramon - on the picturesque banks of the Don. The world of the noble estate was saved only in the village of Novozhivotinnoye. This book offers not only an acquaintance with biographical materials and the work of a remarkable poet, critic, philosopher. For the first time, the reader will be able to look into all four estates, learn about their history and modern life, walk through the halls of the house-museum of D. Venevitinov.
Zhikharev V. In the captivity of the "queen of muses and beauty": (Dmitry Venevitinov and Miniato Ricci) / V. Zhikharev // Rise. - Voronezh, 2012. - No. 12. - P. 218–223.
Vitaly Zhikharev's essay brings new details to the love story of the twenty-year-old Russian poet Dmitry Venevitinov for Zinaida Volkonskaya, who, in turn, was carried away by the Italian chamber singer Count Miniato Ricci.
Lasunsky O. G. Venevitinov Dmitry Vladimirovich / O. G. Lasunsky // Voronezh Encyclopedia: [in 2 volumes] / [ch. ed. M. D. Karpachev]. - Voronezh, 2008. - T. 1. - P. 126.
Mordovchenko N. I. Venevitinov and poets of wisdom / N. I. Mordovchenko // History of Russian literature: in 10 volumes - Moscow; Leningrad, 1953. - V. 6: Literature of the 1820-1830s. – S. 448–459. – URL: http://feb-web.ru/feb/irl/il0/il6/il6-4482.htm .
Article on the website of the Fundamental electronic library(FEB) "Russian Literature and Folklore" tells about the literary and philosophical circle "Society of Philosophy" (1823-1825). Venevitinov took an active part in the organization and work of the circle. The members of the circle were engaged in the study of German idealistic philosophy.
Museum-estate of D. V. Venevitinov. – http://muzeinikitin.vzh.ru/muzej-usadba-d-venevitinova .
Museum-estate of D. V. Venevitinov // Literary map of the Voronezh region. – URL: http://lk.vrnlib.ru/?p=post&id=4 .
The museum-estate of D. V. Venevitinov, opened in 1994, is a monument of federal significance, one of the few noble estates of the 18th century that have survived in Russia. The museum is located in the village of Novozhivotinnoye, Ramonsky District, Voronezh Region. Its exposition includes the decoration of the halls of a noble noble estate of the 19th century and everything connected with the Venevitinov family. The museum includes a two-storey mansion (1760-1770), an outbuilding (1887), a park area with a pond. In 2005, a monument to the poet was unveiled on the estate.
Novichikhin E. Novozhivotinnoe / E. Novichikhina. - Voronezh: Central Black Earth Book Publishing House, 1994. - 114 p. - (Voronezh Land. Encyclopedia of cities and villages).
The book tells about a village in the Voronezh region, originating in the second half of the 17th century. The fate of the poet Dmitry Venevitinov is closely connected with the history of this village.
Poet and philosopher Dmitry Venevitinov // Origins. Ethnocultural features of the Voronezh region. - Voronezh, 2014. - S. 147-148.
An article from a collection that tells about the ethno-cultural features of our region, about the life and traditions of our ancestors, about people associated with the Voronezh land.
Udodov B. Dmitry Vladimirovich Venevitinov / B. Udodov // Voronezh residents: famous biographies in the history of the region. - Voronezh, 2007. - S. 116-120.
Chernyshev M. A. “In the soul of an unsolved thought melting ...” / M. A.Chernyshev. - Saratov: Zavolzhye, 1992. - 280 p.
The book tells about the life and work of the famous poet of the XIX century Dmitry Venevitinov.
Little pearl Podvoronezhye is called the estate of the Venevitinovs. It stretches on the steep left bank of the Don and is visible for many miles. Many generations of the famous noble Venevitinov family spent their lives here. The documentary chronicle of the family reflected many key events in the history of the region. The surname of the Venevitinovs was one of the oldest Voronezh families. It goes back to the service people (military personnel) who guarded the Russian borders in the medieval fortress of Voronezh.
Anton Lavrentievich(c. 1655 - c. 1715) - an iconic figure in the Venevitin family: it was thanks to Anton that the family came into great confidence in Tsar Peter I himself. Anton became right hand king among the local nobility, led the first shipbuilding companies, receiving personal orders from Peter I(original decrees have been preserved). Starting from the father's capital, the son Faddey Antonovich(c. 1674 - 1747) was engaged in entrepreneurship, stood at the origins of the cloth business in Voronezh.
Great-grandson of the Petrine figure Petr Ankindinovich(1738 - 1799) was the leader of the provincial nobility, in the 1780s he achieved the inclusion of the Venevitinovs in the genealogy of the noble book of the Voronezh province, for which he collected the necessary documentary information about the land holdings of their ancestors. After retiring, he settled in the estate.
There is every reason to believe that even in the time of Peter the Great, a master's estate with a wooden house was founded in Novozhivotinnoye. There remains a legend published in 1869 by the historian M.A. Venevitinov: “On the banks of the Don (...) about 40 years ago, an old, dilapidated wooden house a very old building, in which, according to legend, Peter I was received and treated by Faddey Venevitinov, the Novozhivotinsk landowner ... "
The stone two-story mansion that has survived to this day is one of the oldest, the most amazing and unique manor houses in the Voronezh region. Its architectural originality lies in the bizarre layering of alterations made over several architectural eras. Behind the changes is labyrinth of human destinies.
Initially, the house looked like a very high one-story chamber. In the second half of the 18th century, Peter Ankindinovich carried out a significant house extension, changed the floor levels. The two-story house began to respond to the trends of Catherine's manor architecture, as appearance, and internal functional organization. The building has become richer by the standards of the late eighteenth century. An unknown architect competently and economically satisfied the needs of the owners.
At the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, Peter Akindinovich and his son - the father of the poet Vladimir Petrovich(1777-1814) - they begin to re-face the entire residential part of the estate in accordance with the trends of classicism. Under V.P. Venevitinov, the estate acquires country status, and the house becomes summer, since the whole family lived in Moscow in winter Novozhivotinovskoye estate The Venevitinovs are connected with the childhood of the remarkable Russian romantic poet and initiator of Russian philosophical poetry Dmitry Vladimirovich Venevitinov(1805–1827). His parents brought him here as a child. Dmitry was in a hurry to change horses at the stations of the Moscow tract, finally reached the goal of his journey, when it was already getting dark and a thunderstorm was approaching. Together with a thunderstorm and a downpour, he flew into Novozhivotinnoye, and before him lay his estate.
The poet's thoughts now and then hurried to the Don. He liked to walk along its banks both in the morning and late at night full moon enjoy its flow. Dmitry Venevitinov gives a capacious, deeply philosophical comparison : “Don is like human happiness itself.” “Whenever I cross the Don, I stop in the middle of the bridge to admire this wonderful river, which the eye would like to follow to the very mouth and which flows without any noise, as peacefully as happiness itself ...”
The new animal has become a spiritual haven for the outstanding nephew of the poet - Mikhail Alekseevich Venevitinov(1844-1901) - a historian and philanthropist, author of famous books, researcher of Voronezh antiquity and director of the Moscow Rumyantsev Museum (served as the basis for the creation of the V.I. Lenin Library). He was born, apparently, Novozhivotinny, and died there. It was M.A. Venevitinov all his life remained the main and kind guardian of the family home. Through his efforts, the manor house became comfortable for living and outwardly imposing, combining both the old features of baroque and classicism, and elements of neo-baroque and neoclassicism. M.A. Venevitinov was elected provincial leader of the nobility, schools and hospitals were built at his expense.
Memories of the existence of the estate left Count P.C. Sheremetiev, the owner of Ostafiev near Moscow. He visited Novozhivotinnoye in 1911. and left detailed notes : “From the Voronezh River to the Don River, versts 11. Both rivers flow side by side, forming a long interfluve strip, Voronezh Mesopotamia. Between the two rivers lay the road, the old Moscow tract. This is the northernmost part of the Voronezh province, previously inhabited by Russians, which was part of the Ryazan principality. The dialect here is Great Russian. ... Through the fields one can see the village. Novozhivotinnoye on the very bank of the Don with an old manor. The village church is quite interesting. This is late Baroque, rather Elizabethan. The interior is clearly mid-18th century, with darkened Italian painting. The homestead is old. White stone gates lead to a wide courtyard surrounded by a fence with a green circle in the middle. The house is white, stone, two-storeyed... the lower floor is especially interesting, it is ancient, according to the third owner, dating back to the time of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich. The walls are very thick and the windows go obliquely. In front is a covered porch lined with wicker furniture. On both sides of the house there is a shady extensive garden, which is entered through two gates with white stone columns. Old maples, oaks, elms give a lot of shade. Particularly beautiful is the part of the garden that overlooks the river. On a fairly high bank along the water there is a low stone wall, at the ends of which there were two high towers made of flagstone ... A long path goes along the wall. The view here is wonderful up and down the river. A wide strip of water and expanse of fields.
In 2005, on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the birth of Dmitry Venevitinov, a monument to the poet the work of the sculptor Maxim Dikunov.
A wonderful new object of the tour has already appeared - old venevitinovsky park which undoubtedly brought a special charm to the estate. The park is rapidly changing: it has gained a staircase to the Don, an observation deck, alleys, and a restored pond.
Traditional steel visits of the British Venevitinov-Wenworths for holiday events. In 1996, Michael's son James visited Novozhivotinnoye for the first time, was shocked that the memory of his entire family was kept here, and promised to bring his father. And two years later, 78-year-old Michael Wenworth himself with his wife Betty and children - son James with his wife Carol and daughter Jane with her husband Nicholas - visited the museum-estate. Since then descendants, like their distant ancestors, forever tied to the Don land. When Michael died in 2001, they put a jar of soil collected in Novozhivotinnoe near the old destroyed church in his grave.
are reborn Orthodox traditions which the Venevitinovs have always strictly followed. On the initiative of the Museum-Estate, in 2003 a memorial sign was erected on the site of the destroyed church, and in 2004 construction began. new rural church of Michael the Archangel. The church grows with the help of the descendants of the Venevitinovs: the Wenworths donated 60,000 rubles for bricks.
See also the divisions of the Literary Museum:
- Museum-apartment of M.N. Mordasova
The Museum-Estate of Dmitry Venevitinov is an architectural monument of the 18th century. federal significance. The estate complex consists of a two-story mansion, a park with a pond, a rotunda and an observation deck on the Don River. The museum-estate is named after the most famous representative of the Venevitinov family - the poet, critic, philosopher Dmitry Vladimirovich Venevitinov. The estate was founded at the end of the 17th century by Anton Venevitinov. The first buildings were wooden. In the middle of the 18th century, Anton's son Thaddeus built a one-story brick house and laid out a park. AT late XVIII in. The house was expanded and a second floor was built on. To date, of all the buildings of that time, the house, the kitchen outbuilding and the entrance gate have been preserved. At the beginning of the 19th century, a gazebo, an observation deck, and an artistic stone fence appeared on the territory of the park. A large garden was planted next to the park.
In the middle of the XIX century. under Mikhail Venevitinov, the estate was again rebuilt and acquired modern look. At the same time, 100 oaks were planted, only one of them has survived to this day. After 1917, the estate was nationalized, and furniture and household items were taken away. In the 20th century, the purpose of the estate changed several times. In 1924, it housed a garden association organized by the heroes civil war. They restored the estate, which had been damaged during the battles with the gangs of Mamontov and Shkuro. In 1931, a branch of the Polytechnic Institute named after N.K. Krupskaya, which was located until the summer of 1942. In 1942-1943, units of the 232nd Infantry Division were stationed on the territory of the estate and the village of Novozhivotinnoye. During these years, most of the manor buildings were destroyed by bombing, the roof of the mansion was seriously damaged. In the summer of 1943, she began her work in the mansion. comprehensive school. During these years, a school museum was created in the kitchen wing. The school was located here until 1979. In 1979, the estate was registered with the Inspectorate for the Protection of Monuments as an architectural monument of the 18th century.
From 1979 to 1988 the estate buildings were not used. In 1988, restoration and restoration work began. On the basis of drawings, drawings, diaries, letters and other archival materials of the 19th century, the estate was restored in the form in which it was under Mikhail Venevitinov. In 1994, the Dmitry Venevitinov Estate Museum was opened in the restored mansion. In 2005, a monument to the poet and philosopher was erected in front of the house. The author of the monument is the Voronezh sculptor Maxim Dikunov.
In 2010-2013, a new large-scale reconstruction was carried out in the estate. Now the Museum-Estate of Dmitry Venevitinov is a modern museum of the European level, included in the international tourist project "Russian Estate".
A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE NOBLE FAMILY OF THE VENEVITINOVS
The noble family of the Venevitinovs played a historically significant role in the social, cultural and political life of Russia. According to one version, Terenty (Terekh) Venevitinov is considered the ancestor, according to another, Nikifor Venevitinov. AT early XVII centuries, they moved from the Venev fortress, from near Tula. The Venevitinovs were chieftains of boyar children and lived in the Belomestnaya (Troitskaya) settlement near the northern border of the stockade of the Voronezh fortress. The governor of the fortress paid them a salary for their service and gave them land near Voronezh, and also allowed them to engage in duty-free trade.
BRIEF BIOGRAPHY OF DMITRY VLADIMIROVICH VENEVITINOV
Poet, philosopher and translator Dimitri Vladimirovich Venevitinov was born on September 26, 1805 in Moscow. His father, retired Guard Ensign of the Preobrazhensky Regiment Vladimir Petrovich Venevitinov, came from an old noble family of the Voronezh province. Mother Anna Nikolaevna, a columned noblewoman, nee Princess Obolenskaya - White. The Venevitinovs had five children, Dmitry was the third child.
SIGHTSEEING AND THEME TOURS
The sightseeing tour includes a tour of the eleven exhibition halls of the estate mansion. During it, there is a story about the most famous representatives of the Venevitinov family, their life path and activities. The tour starts in the lobby, where you are introduced to the history of the manor complex. The halls of the 17th-18th centuries tell about the service of the Venevitinovs in the Voronezh fortress and their participation in the construction of the first Russian navy at the Voronezh shipyards. Further in question about the history of the Venevitinov family: from the ancestor to modern descendants.
LITERARY AND MUSIC PROGRAMS
Literary and musical drawing rooms are inherently unique and what makes them so is not only the performance of works not found in the repertoires of other performers, but also the very sound of the Schroeder factory grand piano, which is over 130 years old. The museum-estate is one of the few places in Russia where a musical salon in the traditions of the 19th century is still held.
HOLIDAY ACTIVITIES AND GAMES
The museum-estate annually hosts festive and family events. They are popular and have great success with museum guests.
1805 - 1827
Dmitry Vladimirovich Venevitinov(14 (26). 09. 1805-15 (27). 03. 1827) was born in Moscow in Krivokolenny Lane, in a noble-aristocratic family. Father - Vladimir Petrovich Venevitinov (1777-1814) - a retired guards ensign of the Preobrazhensky Regiment, died when Dmitry was only 9 years old. Mother - Anna Nikolaevna, nee Princess Obolenskaya (1782-1841) - second cousin of Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin. The house in which Dmitry was born has survived to this day. It stands not far from Myasnitskaya Street, at the first turn of the alley. There is a memorial plaque on it, which says that in this house at the Venevitinovs A.S. Pushkin read "Boris Godunov".
D. V. Venevitinov received an excellent home upbringing and education. Dmitry's direct education was entrusted to the teachers of Moscow University: the materialist scientist, physician Iustin Egorovich Dyadkovsky; mathematician P. S. Shchepkin; poet, translator, literary critic Alexei Fedorovich Merzlyakov; composer, conductor, pianist Iosif Iosifovich Genishte; artist Lapersh. By the age of 14, Dmitry read Virgil, Horace, Homer, Aeschylus in the original, translated them into Russian, was fluent in French, German, English and studied Italian language.
The first surviving poem by Venevitinov is dated 1821. It is called "To Friends" and is a response to A. S. Khomyakov's "Message to the Venevitinovs" addressed to Dmitry and Alexei.
In 1822, sixteen-year-old Dmitry entered Moscow University as a volunteer and attends lectures at once in all 4 departments: moral-political, verbal, physical-mathematical and medical, gaining truly encyclopedic knowledge. At the university, he developed as a romantic poet with his characteristic style. Professor M. G. Pavlov (a native of the city of Yelets, graduated from the Voronezh Theological Seminary) had a great influence on D. V. Venevitinov in shaping his interest in philosophy and its deep study. It was Pavlov who drew Venevitinov to a serious study of the classic of German philosophy - Schelling. The romantic nature of Venevitinov's worldview found expression in the philosophical knowledge of life.
In November 1823, D. V. Venevitinov graduated from the university and entered the Moscow Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. By this time, he was already the author of several poems, mostly freely transcribing ancient and modern European authors.
In 1823, the Literary and Philosophical Circle "Society of Philosophy" (1823-1825) was organized in Moscow. In addition to the chairman V. F. Odoevsky and the secretary D. V. Venevitinov, the circle included critic I. V. Kireevsky, writers N. M. Rozhalin and A. I. Koshelev; the prose writer and historian M.P. Pogodin, the poet and philologist S.P. Shevyrev adjoined the circle. The members of the circle studied the works of B. Spinoza, I. Kant, I. Fichte, F. Schelling, and subsequently played a significant role in the development of Russian philosophical thought and literature. At meetings of the society, Venevitinov read excerpts from his philosophical prose: "Sculpture, Painting and Music", "Morning, Noon, Evening and Night", "Plato's Conversations with Alexander". On the short time Pushkin became close friends with the philosophers. The members of the circle were published mainly in the journal "Bulletin of Europe" and the almanac "Mnemosyne", and after the dissolution of the society, most of them united around the magazine "Moskovsky Vestnik", created on the advice of A. S. Pushkin and according to the program of D. V. Venevitinov, which came out with early 1827
The capital life of Venevitinov alternated with trips to the provinces. The Venevitinovs had quite numerous possessions in the Voronezh and Zemlyansk districts of the Voronezh province. As a child, Dmitry, along with his parents, stayed in the "family nest". After the death of their father, the Venevitinov family stopped coming to Novozhivotinnoye. The estate was managed by a manager who failed to deal fairly and honestly with the peasants. At the end of the summer of 1824, Dmitry, together with his brother Alexei, were forced to go to their Voronezh estate Novozhivotinnoye in order to resolve problems in management affairs. The way to the estate lay through Voronezh, where the brothers stopped for two days and met with relatives and friends. Dmitry wrote to his mother about his stay in Voronezh, reporting on a visit to the Voronezh governor N. I. Krivtsov. Nikolai Ivanovich was a participant in the Battle of Borodino, the brother of the Decembrist Sergei Ivanovich Krivtsov, as well as close friends, N. M. Karamzin, P. A. Vyazemsky and. Venevitinov also paid visits to the marshal of the nobility, the prosecutor and the chairman of the civil chamber. The poet had the opportunity to see Voronezh, walk along its main street - Bolshaya Dvoryanskaya. He lived in Novozhivotinnoye for about a month, often recalled his childhood, wrote letters to his mother and sister Sofya, and composed poetry.
A trip to the Voronezh possessions taught the poet a lot, helped to see real life peasant Russia. The delight of the beauty of the Don nature led to reflections on involvement in the endless miracle of life and the philosophical perception of being. Upon his return from the Voronezh province, Venevitinov will have philosophical novels and poems about nature.
By 1825, the unique literary world of the poet had finally taken shape. Venevitinov's first appearance in the press as a literary critic also dates back to 1825. The magazine "Son of the Fatherland" published his "Analysis of an article about "Eugene Onegin". Pushkin liked this article very much, as well as Venevitinov's comments on the second chapter of "Eugene Onegin" and an excerpt from "Boris Godunov".
important event in the life of DV Venevitinov was his acquaintance with Zinaida Volkonskaya, an outstanding woman, the mistress of one of the most brilliant Moscow literary salons. Venevitinov loved her with strong, without reciprocity, poetic love, the symbol of which was the famous princess ring, found at one time during the excavations of Herculaneum and Pompeii. Volkonskaya gave it to the poet when Dmitry Vladimirovich left for St. Petersburg. Venevitinov attached a ring to his watch, in the form of a keychain, announcing that he would put it on only before marriage or death. This event in his life is dedicated to the poem "", which can be called prophetic. Venevitinov's poetic prediction came true. In 1930, the grave of Venevitinov, in connection with the closure of the cemetery at the former Simonov Monastery, was moved to Novodevichy cemetery. During the exhumation of the ashes, the ring was removed and now, as a relic, is stored in the State Literary Museum in Moscow.
In November 1826, Venevitinov left Moscow for St. Petersburg, joining the Asian Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. At the entrance to St. Petersburg, Venevitinov was arrested on suspicion of involvement in the case of the Decembrists, among whom he had many friends. The arrest had a detrimental effect on the poet: in addition to a heavy moral impression, being in a damp and cold room had a harmful effect on his already poor health. In the future, with all his enthusiasm for the new service in the Asian Department, he suffered from the northern climate.
The Petersburg period of Venevitinov's life is filled with intense activity and a high creative upsurge. By this time, Venevitinov can already be spoken of as an established, mature poet, capable of not only finding original themes, but also expressing them in an original way, creating his own unique style of philosophical lyrics. Poems related to last year his life, are distinguished by the perfection of form and depth of content, being the pinnacle of his lyrics. This is a kind of cycle consisting of 6 poems: "", "", "Poet", "Sacrifice", "Consolation", "Message to Rozhalin". His translations from Goethe's Egmont and Faust are also brilliant. Venevitinov wrote only about 50 poems. Many of them, especially later ones, are filled with deep philosophical meaning, which is a distinctive feature of the poet's lyrics.
In St. Petersburg, Dmitry began to write a novel in prose "Vladimir Parensky". Unfortunately, the work was not completed; excerpts from the novel were published in 1831, after the death of the author. The poet did not have to fulfill many of his intentions ...
At the beginning of March 1827, Venevitinov caught a bad cold, but the illness could not be stopped. The poet died on March 15 (27), 1827, before reaching the age of 22.
Poems and are dedicated to Venevitinov.
Venevitinov was also known as a gifted artist, musician, and music critic. When the posthumous edition of the poet was being prepared, V. Odoevsky suggested including not only poems, but also drawings and musical works: “I would like to publish them together with the works of my friend, who wonderfully combined all three arts.”
In 1994, on the outskirts of the Kominternovsky district of Voronezh, there was Venevitinovskaya street.
In 2005, Voronezh residents celebrated the 200th anniversary of the poet's birth. In honor of the 200th anniversary of Dmitry Venevitinov, a monument to the poet was opened on the territory.
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Fragment of the exhibition in VOUNB named after I. S. Nikitin
Venevitinov DV Complete works / ed. B. V. Smirensky; ed. intro. Art. D. D. Blagoy. - M.; L.: ACADEMIA, 1934. - p.
. Venevitinov D. V. With the verb of heaven on earth: Poems. Poems and dramas in verse. Prose. Articles. Contemporaries about D. V. Venevitinov / comp.: R. V. Andreeva, L. F. Popova; scientific ed., entry. Art., comment. B. T. Udodova. - Voronezh: Spirit Center. revival of Chernozem. edge, 2003. - 351, p., l. ill.
. Venevitinov DV Quietly my days bloomed in the valley of life...: Poems. Letters from the village / D. V. Venevitinov. - Moscow: White City, 2013. - 175 p. : ill.
. Venevitinov DV The souls of prophecy are true... / DV Venevitinov. - Voronezh: Spirit Center. revival of Chernozem. edge, 2017. - 184 p., l. ill. : ill.
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. Osokin V. N. Venevitinov's ring: sketches about artists and writers. - M.: Sov. Russia, 1969. - 123 p.
. Literary criticism 1800-1820s / ed. intro. Art., comp., note. and prepare. text by L. G. Frizman. - M.: Artist. lit., 1980. - 343 p., l. ill.
. Chernyshev M. A. “In the soul of an unsolved thought melting ...”: about the life and work of Dm. Venevitinov. - Saratov: Zavolzhye, 1992. - 280 p.
. Voronezh residents: famous biographies in the history of the region / ed.-comp. Yu. L. Polevoy. - Voronezh, 2007. - S. 116-120.
. Voronezh historical and cultural encyclopedia: personalities / ch. ed. O. G. Lasunsky. - 2nd ed., add. and correct. - Voronezh, 2009. - S. 91.
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