Surely everyone at least once in their life came across another list of natural wonders, which lists the highest mountain, the longest river, the driest and wettest regions of the Earth, and so on. Such records are impressive, but All of themfade tightly in comparison with the size of space objects. Here we are going to look at them now..:
Mercury- is the smallest planet terrestrial group. The radius of Mercury is 2439.7 + 1.0 km. The mass of the planet is 0.055 Earth. Area 0.147 Earth.
Mars- surpasses only Mercury in size. The mass of the planet is equal to 10.7% of the mass of the Earth. The volume is equal to 0.15 of the volume of the Earth.
Venus- closest to the Earth in terms of its indicators. The orbital period is 224.7 Earth days. The volume is 0.857 Earth. Mass-0.815 earth.
Earth- the fourth largest in the list after Mercury.
Neptune- by mass of Neptune more earth 17.2 times.
Uranus- slightly larger than Neptune.
Saturn- classified as a gas giant on a par with Jupiter, Neptune and Uranus. The radius of the planet is 57316 + 7 km. Weight-5.6846 x 1026 kg.
Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. Classified as a gas giant. The radius of the planet is 69173 + 7 km. Weight-1.8986 x 1027 kg.
The sun- single star solar system. The mass of the Sun is 99.866% of the total mass of our solar system, exceeding the mass of the Earth by 333,000 times. The diameter of the Sun is equal to 109 diameters of the Earth. Volume-1 303 600 volumes of the Earth.
Sirius is the brightest star in the night sky. Located in the constellation Big Dog. Sirius can be seen from any region of the Earth, except for the northernmost. Sirius is located 8.6 light years from the solar system. Sirius is twice the size of our Sun.
Arcturus is the brightest star in the constellation Bootes. If you look up into the night sky, the second brightest star is Arcturus.
Aldebaran is the brightest star in the constellation Taurus. Mass is 2.5 solar masses. Radius-38 the radius of the Sun.
Rigel- the brightest star in the constellation Orion, a blue-white supergiant. Rigel is located at a distance of 870 light years from our Sun. Rigel is 68 times larger than our Sun, and the luminosity is 85,000 times stronger than the sun. Rigel is considered one of the most powerful stars in the galaxy. The mass is 17 solar masses, the radius is 70 solar radii.
Antares- the star is located in the constellation Scorpio and is considered the brightest in this constellation. Red supergiant. Distance 600 light years. The luminosity of Antares is 10,000 times stronger than the sun. The mass of the star is 15-18 solar masses. With such a large size and such a small mass, we can conclude that the density of the star is very low.
Betelgeuse is a red supergiant in the constellation Orion. The approximate distance to the star is 500-600 light years. The diameter of the star exceeds the diameter of the Sun by about 1000 times. The mass of Betelgeuse is equal to 20 solar masses. The brightness of a star is 100,000 times that of the sun
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Have you asked yourself the question: how do the planets look in comparison with each other ?!, - I personally have not once, but at the same time I could not visually imagine how big the difference between them is. It was always interesting for me to compare them with each other, observing at least approximate proportions ... Break a large number of images, I came across a picture close in its parameters to the required one. On it, I tried to show how small our planet is compared to the Sun, but the most interesting thing that exists great amount many stars more sun, tens of thousands or more times. This article presents a visual comparison of the sizes of the planets of the solar system and some known stars among themselves, as well as their main physical characteristics.
1. Mercury is the smallest terrestrial planet. Its radius is only 2439.7 ± 1.0 km. The mass of the planet is 3.3022 × 1023 kg (0.055 Earth). The average density of Mercury is quite high - 5.43 g / cm³, which is only slightly less density Earth (0.984 Earth). Surface area (S) - 6.083 × 1010 km³ (0.147 Earth).
2. Mars is the fourth farthest from the Sun (after Mercury, Venus and Earth) and the seventh largest (exceeds only Mercury in mass and diameter) planet of the solar system. The mass of Mars is 10.7% of the mass of the Earth (6.423 × 1023 kg versus 5.9736 × 1024 kg for the Earth), the volume is 16.318 × 1010 km³, which is about 0.15 of the volume of the Earth, and the average linear diameter is 0.53 of the diameter Earth (6800 km). Surface area (S) - 144,371,391 km² (0.283 Earth).
3. Venus is the second inner planet Solar system with a period of revolution of 224.7 Earth days. Volume (V) - 9.38 × 1011 km³ (0.857 earth). Mass (m) - 4.8685 × 1024 kg (0.815 earth). Average density (ρ) - 5.24 g/cm³. Surface area (S) - 4.60 × 108 km² (0.902 Earth). The average radius is 6051.8 ± 1.0 km.
4. Earth is the third planet from the Sun in the solar system, the largest in diameter, mass and density among the terrestrial planets. The average radius is 6,371.0 km. Surface area (S) - 510,072,000 km². Volume (V) - 10.832073 × 1011 km³. Mass (m) - 5.9736 × 1024 kg. Average density (ρ) - 5.5153 g/cm³.
5. Neptune is the eighth and most distant planet in the solar system. Neptune is also the fourth largest planet by diameter and the third largest by mass. The mass of Neptune is 1.0243 × 1026 kg, which is 17.2 times, and the diameter of the equator is 3.9 times larger than those of the Earth. The average radius is 24552.5 ± 20 km. Surface area (S) - 7.6408 × 109 km². Volume (V) - 6.254 × 1013 km³. Average density (ρ) - 1.638 g/cm³.
6. Uranus is the seventh planet in terms of distance from the Sun, the third in diameter and the fourth in mass, the planet of the solar system. The average radius is 25266 km. Surface area (S) - 8.1156 × 109 km². Volume (V) - 6.833 × 1013 km³. Mass (m) - 8.6832 × 1025 kg. Average density (ρ) - 1.27 g/cm³.
7. Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second largest planet in the solar system after Jupiter. Saturn, as well as Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune, are classified as gas giants. The average radius is 57316 ± 7 km. Surface area (S) - 4.27 × 1010 km². Volume (V) - 8.2713 × 1014 km³. Mass (m) - 5.6846 × 1026 kg. Average density (ρ) - 0.687 g/cm³.
8. Jupiter - the fifth planet from the Sun, the largest in the solar system. Along with Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, Jupiter is classified as a gas giant. The average radius is 69173 ± 7 km. Surface area (S) - 6.21796 × 1010 km². Volume (V) - 1.43128 × 1015 km³. Mass (m) - 1.8986 × 1027 kg.
9. Wolf 359 (CN Leo) is a star about 2.4 parsecs or 7.80 light years from the solar system. It is one of the closest stars to the Sun; only the Alpha Centauri system and Barnard's Star are known to be closer to it. In the constellation Leo, it is located near the ecliptic. It is an extremely faint red dwarf, not visible to the naked eye, and is a flare star. Mass - 0.09-0.13 M☉ (M☉ - solar mass). Radius - 0.16-0.19 R☉ (R☉ - solar radius).
10. The sun is the only star in the solar system around which other objects of this system revolve: planets and their satellites, dwarf planets and their satellites, asteroids, meteoroids, comets and cosmic dust. The mass of the Sun is 99.866% of the total mass of the entire solar system. Solar radiation supports life on Earth (photons are necessary for the initial stages of the photosynthesis process), determines the climate. Of the stars belonging to the 50 closest star systems within 17 light-years currently known, the Sun is the fourth brightest star (its absolute magnitude is +4.83m). The solar mass is 333,000 times the mass of the Earth. More than 99% of the mass of the solar system is contained in the sun. Most individual stars in the universe have masses between 0.08 and 50 solar masses, but black holes and entire galaxies can reach millions and billions of solar masses. The average diameter is 1.392 × 109 m (109 Earth diameters). Equatorial radius - 6.955 × 108 m. Volume - 1.4122 × 1027 m³ (1,303,600 volumes of the Earth). Mass - 1.9891 × 1030 kg (332,946 Earth masses). Surface area - 6.088 × 1018 m² (11,900 Earth squares).
11. Sirius (lat. Sirius), α Canis Major - the brightest star in the night sky. Sirius can be observed from any region of the Earth, with the exception of its northernmost regions. Sirius is 8.6 light-years away from the solar system and is one of the closest stars to us. It is a main sequence star of spectral type A1. Sirius originally consisted of two powerful blue stars spectral class A. The mass of one component was 5 solar masses, the second - 2 solar masses (Sirius B and Sirius A). Then the more powerful and massive component Sirius B burned out and became a white dwarf. Now the mass of Sirius A is about twice the mass of the Sun, Sirius B is slightly less than the mass of the Sun.
12. Pollux (β Gem / β Gemini / Beta Gemini) is the brightest star in the constellation Gemini and one of the brightest stars in the sky. Mass - 1.7±0.4 M☉. Radius - 8.0 R☉.
13. Arcturus (α Boo / α Bootes / Alpha Bootes) is the brightest star in the constellation Bootes and the northern hemisphere and the fourth brightest star in the night sky after Sirius, Canopus and the Alpha Centauri system. The apparent magnitude of Arcturus is −0.05m. Since Alpha Centauri is composed of two bright stars (−0.01m and +1.34m) that are closer together than the resolution limit of the human eye, it appears brighter to the naked eye than Arcturus. Arcturus is the second brightest star visible at northern latitudes (after Sirius) and is the brightest star north of the celestial equator. Mass - 1–1.5 M☉. Radius - 25.7 ± 0.3 R☉.
14. Aldebaran (α Tau / α Taurus / Alpha Taurus) is the brightest star in the constellation Taurus and one of the brightest stars in the night sky. Weight - 2.5±0.15 M☉. Radius - 38±0.36 R☉.
15. Rigel - a bright near-equatorial star, β Orion. Blue-white supergiant. The name in Arabic means "foot" (meaning the foot of Orion). It has a visual magnitude of 0.12m. Rigel is located at a distance of about 870 light years from the Sun. Its surface temperature is 11,200 K (spectral class B8I-a), its diameter is about 95 million km (that is, 68 times larger than the Sun) and the absolute magnitude is −7m; its luminosity is 85,000 times higher than the sun, which means it is one of the most powerful stars in the Galaxy (in any case, the most powerful of the brightest stars in the sky, since Rigel is the closest star with such a huge luminosity). Weight - 17 M☉. Radius - 70 R☉.
16. Antares (α Sco / Alpha Scorpio) - the brightest star in the constellation Scorpio and one of the brightest stars in the night sky, a red supergiant. In Russia, it is better seen in the southern regions, however, it is also observed in the central ones. It is part of Bubble I, an area adjacent to the Local Bubble, which includes the Solar System. Antares is a class M supergiant, with a diameter of approximately 2.1×109 km. Antares is about 600 light-years from Earth. Its luminosity in the visible wavelength range exceeds that of the sun by 10,000 times, but given the fact that the star radiates a significant part of its energy in the infrared, the total luminosity exceeds that of the sun by 65,000 times. The mass of the star is between 15 and 18 solar masses. The huge size and relatively small mass indicate that Antares has a very low density. Mass - 15-18 M☉. Radius - 700 R☉.
17. Betelgeuse - a red supergiant (α Orion), a semi-regular variable star, the brightness of which varies from 0.2 to 1.2 magnitudes and averages about 0.7m. According to modern estimates, the angular diameter of Betelgeuse is about 0.055 arc seconds. The distance to the star, according to various estimates, ranges from 495 to 640 light years. This is one of the largest stars known to astronomers: if it were placed instead of the Sun, then at a minimum size it would fill the orbit of Mars, and at a maximum size it would reach the orbit of Jupiter. If we take 570 light years as the distance to Betelgeuse, then its diameter will exceed the diameter of the Sun by about 950-1000 times. The color index (B-V) of Betelgeuse is 1.86 and it is believed that its mass is about 20 solar masses. In its minimum size, the brightness of Betelgeuse exceeds the brightness of the Sun by 80 thousand times, and in the maximum - 105 thousand times. Mass - 18-19 M☉. Radius - ~1000 R☉.
18. Mu Cephei (μ Cep / μ Cephei), also known as the "garnet star of Herschel" is a red supergiant and is located in the constellation Cepheus. It is one of the largest and most powerful (with a total luminosity 350,000 times that of the sun) stars in our Galaxy and belongs to the spectral class M2Ia. The star is about 1650 times larger than the Sun (radius is 7.7 AU) and if it were placed in its place, then its radius would be between the orbits of Jupiter and Saturn. Mu Cephei could contain a billion suns and 2.7 quadrillion earths. If the Earth were the size of a golf ball (4.3 cm), Mu Cephei would be 2 Golden Gate Bridges (5.5 km) wide. Mass - 25 M☉. Radius -1650 R☉.
19. VV Cephei (lat. VV Cephei) - eclipsing double star like Algol in the constellation Cepheus, which is located at a distance of about 3000 light years from Earth. Component A is the third largest star known to science on this moment and the second largest star in the Milky Way galaxy (after VY Canis Major and WOH G64). The red supergiant VV Cephei A class M2 is the second largest in our Galaxy (after the hypergiant VY Canis Major). Its diameter is 2,644,800,000 km, which is 1600-1900 times the diameter of the Sun, and its luminosity is 275,000-575,000 times greater. The star fills the Roche lobe, and its matter flows to the neighboring companion. The speed of outflow of gases reaches 200 km/s. It has been established that VV of Cepheus A is a physical variable pulsating with a period of 150 days. The speed of the stellar wind flowing from the star reaches 25 km/s. Judging by the orbital motion, the mass of the star is about 100 solar masses, however, its luminosity indicates a mass of 25-40 solar masses. Mass - 25–40 or 100/20 M☉. Radius - 1600–1900/10 R☉.
20. VY Canis Major - a star in the constellation Canis Major, a hypergiant. It is possibly the largest and one of the brightest known stars. The distance from Earth to VY Canis Majoris is approximately 5000 light years. The radius of the star is from 1800 to 2100 R☉. The diameter of this supergiant is about 2.5-2.9 billion kilometers. The mass of the star is estimated at 30-40 M☉, which indicates a negligible density of the star in its depths.
The sizes of objects of the Universe in comparison (photo)
1. This is the Earth! We live here. At first glance, it is very large. But, in fact, compared to some objects in the universe, our planet is negligible. The following photos will help you at least roughly imagine what just does not fit in your head.
2. The location of the planet Earth in the solar system.
3. Scaled distance between the Earth and the Moon. Doesn't look too far, does it?
4. Within this distance, you can place all the planets of our solar system, nice and neat.
5. This little green spot is the mainland North America on the planet Jupiter. You can imagine how much larger Jupiter is than the Earth.
6. And this photo gives an idea of the size of the planet Earth (that is, our six planets) compared to Saturn.
7. This is what the rings of Saturn would look like if they were around the Earth. The beauty!
8. Hundreds of comets fly between the planets of the solar system. This is how the Churyumov-Gerasimenko comet, on which the Philae probe landed in the fall of 2014, looks in comparison with Los Angeles.
9. But all objects in the solar system are negligible compared to our Sun.
10. This is how our planet looks from the surface of the moon.
11. This is how our planet looks from the surface of Mars.
12. And this is us from Saturn.
13. If you fly to the edge of the solar system, you will see our planet like this.
14. Let's go back a little. This is the size of the Earth compared to the size of our Sun. Impressive, isn't it?
15. And this is our Sun from the surface of Mars.
16. But our Sun is only one of the stars in the Universe. Their number is more than grains of sand on any beach on Earth.
17. And this means that there are stars much larger than our Sun. Just look how tiny the Sun is compared to the largest star VY known to date in the constellation Canis Major.
18. But no star can compare with the size of our Milky Way Galaxy. If we reduce our Sun to the size of a white blood cell and reduce the entire Galaxy by the same factor, then the Milky Way will be the size of Russia.
19. Our Milky Way Galaxy is huge. We live around here.
20. Unfortunately, all objects that we can see with the naked eye in the sky at night are placed in this yellow circle.
21. But the Milky Way is far from the largest galaxy in the universe. This is the Milky Way compared to Galaxy IC 1011, which is 350 million light-years from Earth.
22. But that's not all. In this picture from Hubble telescope photographed thousands and thousands of galaxies, each containing millions of stars with their planets.
23. For example, one of the galaxies in the photo, UDF 423. This galaxy is ten billion light years from Earth. When you look at this photo, you are looking back billions of years.
24. This dark piece of the night sky looks completely empty. But when you zoom in, it turns out that it contains thousands of galaxies with billions of stars.
25. And this is the size of the black hole compared to the size of the Earth's orbit and the orbit of the planet Neptune.
One such black abyss could easily suck up the entire solar system.
Today we will talk about the fact that the Earth is small and the size of other huge celestial bodies in the Universe. What are the dimensions of the Earth compared to other planets and stars of the Universe.
In fact, our planet is very, very small ... compared to many other celestial bodies, and even compared to the same Sun, the Earth is a pea (a hundred times smaller in radius and 333 thousand times in mass), but there are stars in times, hundreds, thousands (!!) times larger than the Sun ... In general, we, people, and each of us especially, are microscopic traces of being in this Universe, atoms invisible to the eyes of creatures that could live on huge stars (theoretically, but , possibly in practice).
Thoughts from the film on the topic: it seems to us that the Earth is big, it really is - for us, since we ourselves are small and our body mass is negligible compared to the scale of the Universe, some have never even been abroad and in most of their lives do not leave the limits of the house, the room, and they know almost nothing about the Universe. And the ants think that their anthill is huge, but we will step on the ant and not even notice it. If we had the power to reduce the Sun to the size of a leukocyte and reduce the Milky Way proportionally, then it would be equal to the scale of Russia. And there are thousands or even millions and billions of galaxies besides the Milky Way... This is in no way fit into the minds of people.
Every year, astronomers discover thousands (or more) of new stars, planets, and celestial bodies. Space is an unexplored area, and how many more galaxies, star, planetary systems will be discovered, and it is quite possible that there are many similar solar systems with theoretically existing life. We can judge the size of all celestial bodies only approximately, and the number of galaxies, systems, celestial bodies in the Universe is unknown. However, based on known data - the Earth is not the smallest object, but far from the largest, there are stars and planets hundreds, thousands of times larger !!
The largest object, that is, a celestial body, is not defined in the Universe, since human capabilities are limited, with the help of satellites, telescopes, we can see only a small part of the Universe, and we don’t know what is there, in the unknown distance and beyond the horizons ... perhaps even more celestial bodies than those discovered by humans.
So, within the solar system, the largest object is the Sun! Its radius is 1,392,000 km, followed by Jupiter - 139,822 km, Saturn - 116,464 km, Uranus - 50,724 km, Neptune - 49,244 km, Earth - 12,742.0 km, Venus - 12,103.6 km, Mars - 6780.0 km, etc.
Several dozen large objects - planets, satellites, stars and several hundred small ones, these are only from the open ones, but there are not open ones.
The Sun is larger than the Earth in radius - more than 100 times, in mass - 333 thousand times. Here are the scales.
The Earth is the 6th largest object in the solar system, very close to the scale of the Earth Venus, and Mars is half the size.
The Earth is generally a pea compared to the Sun. And all the other planets, smaller ones, are practically dust for the Sun ...
However, the Sun warms us regardless of its size and our planet. Did you know, did you imagine, walking on mortal soil with your feet, that our planet is almost a point in comparison with the Sun? And accordingly - we are on it - microscopic microorganisms ...
However, people have a lot of pressing problems, and sometimes there is no time to look beyond the ground under their feet.
Jupiter is over 10 times the size of Earth it is the fifth planet from the Sun (classified as a gas giant along with Saturn, Uranus, Neptune).
The Earth after the gas giants is the second largest object after the Sun in the solar system, then come the rest of the terrestrial planets, Mercury after the satellite of Saturn and Jupiter.
The terrestrial planets - Mercury, Earth, Venus, Mars - planets located in the inner region of the solar system.
Pluto is about one and a half times smaller than the Moon, today it is considered a dwarf planet, it is the tenth celestial body in the solar system after 8 planets and Eris (a dwarf planet, approximately similar in size to Pluto), consists of ice and stones, in area as South America, a small planet, however, it is also larger in scale compared to the Earth with the Sun, the Earth is still two times smaller in proportions.
For example, Ganymede is a satellite of Jupiter, Titan is a satellite of Saturn - only 1.5 thousand km less than Mars and more than Pluto and large dwarf planets. Dwarf planets and moons discovered in Lately- a lot, and even stars - even more so, more than a few million, or even billions.
There are several dozens of objects slightly smaller than the Earth and half smaller than the Earth in the solar system, and those that are slightly smaller - several hundred. Can you imagine how many fly around our planet? However, to say “flies around our planet” is incorrect, because as a rule, each planet has some relatively fixed place in the solar system.
And if some asteroid flies towards the Earth, then it is even possible to calculate its approximate trajectory, flight speed, time of approach to the Earth, and with the help of certain technologies, devices (like hitting an asteroid with the help of super-powerful atomic weapons in order to destroy part of the meteorite and how a consequence of a change in speed and flight path) change the direction of flight if the planet is in danger.
However, this is a theory, so far such measures have not been applied in practice, but cases of an unexpected fall of celestial bodies on Earth have been recorded - for example, in the case of the same Chelyabinsk meteorite.
In our minds, the Sun is a bright ball in the sky, in abstraction it is some kind of substance that we know about from satellite images, observations and experiments of scientists. However, all we see with our own eyes is a bright ball in the sky that disappears at night. If we compare the size of the Sun and the Earth, then it's about like a toy car and a huge jeep, the jeep will crush the car without even noticing. So is the Sun, if it had at least a little more aggressive characteristics and an unrealistic ability to move, it would swallow everything in its path, including the Earth. By the way, one of the theories of the death of the planet in the future says that the Sun will swallow the Earth.
We are accustomed, living in a limited world, to believe only what we see and take for granted only what is under our feet and perceive the Sun precisely as a ball in the sky that lives for us in order to light the way for mere mortals, to warm us, to give us energy, in general, we use the Sun to the fullest, and the idea that this bright star carries a potential danger seems ridiculous. And only a few people will seriously think that there are other galaxies in which there are celestial objects that are hundreds, and sometimes thousands of times larger than those in the solar system.
People simply cannot comprehend in their minds what the speed of light is, how celestial bodies move in the Universe, these are not formats of human consciousness…
We talked about the sizes of celestial bodies within the solar system, about the sizes major planets, they said that the Earth is the 6th largest object in the solar system and that the Earth is a hundred times smaller than the Sun (in diameter), and 333 thousand times in mass, however, there are celestial bodies in the Universe MUCH larger than the Sun. And if the comparison of the Sun and the Earth did not fit into the consciousness of mere mortals, then the fact that there are stars in comparison with which the Sun - a ball - even more so does not fit into us.
However, according to research scientists, it is. And this is a fact, based on the data obtained by astronomers. There are other star systems where the life of the planets exists like ours, the Sun. By "the life of the planets" is meant not earthly life with people or other beings, but the existence of planets in this system. So, to the question of life in space - every year, every day, scientists come to the conclusion that life on other planets is more and more possible, but this remains only an assumption. In the solar system, the only planet close in terms of conditions to the earth is Mars, but the planets of other star systems have not been studied in full.
For example:
“It is believed that Earth-like planets are the most favorable for the emergence of life, so the search for them attracts close attention of the public. So in December 2005, scientists from the Space Science Institute (Pasadena, California) reported the discovery of a star similar to the Sun, around which rocky planets are presumably formed.
Subsequently, planets were discovered that are only a few times more massive than the Earth and should probably have a solid surface.
Super-Earths are an example of terrestrial-type exoplanets. As of June 2012, over 50 super-Earths have been found."
These super-earths are the potential carriers of life in the Universe. Although this is a question, since the main criterion for the class of such planets is more than 1 times the mass of the Earth, however, all discovered planets revolve around stars with less thermal radiation compared to the Sun, usually white, red and orange dwarfs.
The first super-Earth discovered in the habitable zone in 2007 is the planet Gliese 581 c near the star Gliese 581, the planet had a mass of about 5 Earth masses, “0.073 AU from its star. e. and is located in the area of \u200b\u200bthe "life zone" of the star Gliese 581. Later, a number of planets were discovered near this star and today they are referred to as a planetary system, the star itself has a low luminosity, several tens of times less than the Sun. It was one of the most sensational discoveries astronomy.
But back to the topic of big stars.
Below are photos of the largest objects in the solar system and stars in comparison with the Sun, and then with the last star in the previous photo.
Mercury< Марс < Венера < Земля;
Earth< Нептун < Уран < Сатурн < Юпитер;
Jupiter< < Солнце < Сириус;
Sirius< Поллукс < Арктур < Альдебаран;
Aldebaran< Ригель < Антарес < Бетельгейзе;
Betelgeuse< Мю Цефея < < VY Большого Пса
And in this list there are still the smallest stars and planets (the really largest star in this list, perhaps, is only the VY Canis Major star) .. The largest cannot even be compared with the Sun, because the Sun simply will not be visible.
The equatorial radius of the Sun, 695,700 km, is used as a unit for measuring the radius of a star.
For example, the star VV Cephei is 10 times larger than the Sun, and between the Sun and Jupiter, Wolf 359 (a single star in the constellation Leo, a faint red dwarf) is considered the largest star.
VV Cephei (not to be confused with the star of the same name with the "prefix" A) - “an eclipsing Algol-type binary star in the constellation Cepheus, which is located at a distance of about 5000 light-years from Earth. Component A is the seventh largest star known to science as of 2015 and the second largest star in the Milky Way Galaxy (after VY Canis Major).”
"Capella (α Aur / α Aurigae / Alpha Aurigae) is the brightest star in the constellation Auriga, the sixth brightest star in the sky and the third brightest star in the sky of the Northern Hemisphere."
The chapel is 12.2 times larger than the Sun in radius.
The polar star is 30 times larger than the Sun in radius. A star in the constellation Ursa Minor, located near North Pole of the world, a supergiant of spectral type F7I.
Star Y Hounds of the Dogs is more than the Sun in (!!!) 300 times! (that is, about 3000 times larger than the Earth), a red giant in the constellation Canes Venatici, one of the coolest and reddest stars. And this is not the largest star.
For example, the star VV Cepheus A is larger than the Sun in radius by as much as 1050-1900 times! And the star is very interesting for its inconstancy and "leakage": “The luminosity is 275,000-575,000 times greater. The star fills the Roche lobe, and its matter flows to the neighboring companion. The speed of outflow of gases reaches 200 km/s. It has been established that the VV of Cepheus A is a physical variable pulsating with a period of 150 days.”
Of course, most of us will not understand information with scientific terms, if succinctly - a red-hot star, losing matter. Its size, strength, brightness of luminosity is simply impossible to imagine.
So the top 5 big stars in the Universe (recognized as those of the currently known and discovered), in comparison with which our Sun is a pea and a speck of dust:
- VX Sagittarius - 1520 times the diameter of the Sun. A supergiant, hypergiant, variable star in the constellation Sagittarius is losing its mass due to the stellar wind.
- Westerland 1-26 - about 1530-2544 times the radius of the Sun. A red supergiant, or hypergiant, "located in the star cluster Westerland 1 in the constellation Altar".
- Star WOH G64 from the constellation Dorado, a red supergiant of spectral type M7.5, is located in the neighboring galaxy, the Large Magellanic Cloud. The distance to the solar system is approximately 163 thousand light years. years. More than the radius of the Sun by 1540 times.
- NML Cygnus (V1489 Cygnus) is 1183 - 2775 times larger than the Sun in radius, - "a star, a red hypergiant, is located in the constellation Cygnus."
- UY of the Shield is 1516 - 1900 times greater than the radius of the Sun. Currently the most big star in Milky Way and in the universe.
“UY Scutum is a star (hypergiant) in the constellation Scutum. Located at a distance of 9500 St. years (2900 pc) from the Sun.
It is one of the largest and brightest known stars. According to scientists, the radius of the UY Shield is equal to 1708 radii of the Sun, the diameter is 2.4 billion km (15.9 AU). At the peak of pulsations, the radius can reach 2000 solar radii. The volume of a star is about 5 billion times more volume Sun."
From this list we can see that there are about a hundred (90) stars much larger than the Sun (!!!). And there are such stars, on the scale of which the Sun is a grain, and the Earth is not even dust, but an atom.
The fact is that the places in this list are distributed according to the principle of accuracy in determining parameters, mass, there are approximately larger stars than UY Scutum, but their sizes and other parameters have not been established for certain, however, the parameters of this star may one day become questionable. It is clear that stars 1000-2000 times larger than the Sun exist.
And, perhaps, there are or are forming planetary systems near some, and who will give guarantees that there cannot be life there ... or not now? Wasn't there or never will be? No one… We know too little about the Universe and the Cosmos.
Yes, and even from the stars presented in the pictures - the most last star- VY Canis Major has a radius equal to 1420 solar radii, but the star UY Scutum at the peak of the pulsation is about 2000 solar radii, and there are stars supposedly more than 2.5 thousand solar radii. Such scales cannot be imagined, these are truly extraterrestrial formats.
Of course, the question is interesting - look at the very first picture in the article and at latest photos, where there are many, many stars - how does such a number of celestial bodies coexist in the Universe quite calmly? There are no explosions, collisions of these same supergiants, because the sky, from what is visible to us, is teeming with stars ... In fact, this is just the conclusion of mere mortals who do not understand the scale of the Universe - we see a distorted picture, but in fact there is enough space for everyone , and, perhaps, there are explosions and collisions, it just does not lead to the death of the Universe and even part of the galaxies, because the distance from star to star is huge.
Our own solar system seems too big, stretching over 4 trillion miles from the sun. But it is just one of the billions of other stars that make up our Milky Way galaxy.
General characteristics of the planets of the solar system
The usual picture of the solar system is as follows: 9 planets revolve in their oval orbits around the constant, always blazing Sun.
But the characteristics of the planets of the solar system are much more complicated and interesting. In addition to themselves, there are many of their satellites, as well as thousands of asteroids. Far beyond Pluto's orbit, which has been recognized dwarf planet, there are tens of thousands of comets and other frozen worlds. Tethered by gravity to the Sun, they revolve around it at great distances. The solar system is chaotic, constantly changing, sometimes even abruptly. The forces of gravity cause neighboring planets to influence each other, changing their orbits over time. Hard collisions with asteroids can give the planets new angles of inclination. The characteristic of the planets of the solar system is interesting in that they sometimes change climatic conditions because their atmospheres evolve and change.
A star called the sun
As sad as it is to realize, the Sun is gradually depleting its supply of nuclear fuel. In billions of years, it will expand to the size of a giant red star, swallow the planets Mercury and Venus, and on Earth, the temperature will rise to such levels that the oceans will evaporate into space, and the Earth will become a dry rocky world, similar to today's Mercury. Having exhausted the entire supply of nuclear fusion, the Sun will decrease to the size white dwarf, and after millions of years, already as a burnt out shell, it will turn into a black dwarf. But 5 billion years ago, the Sun and its 9 planets did not yet exist. There are many different versions of the appearance in the clouds of cosmic gas and dust of the Sun as a protostar and its system, but as a result of billions of years of nuclear fusion modern man watching him the way he is now.
Along with the Earth and other planets, a star called the Sun was born about 4.6 billion years ago from a huge cloud of dust that swirled in space. Our star is a ball of flaming gases, if the Sun could be weighed, the scales would show 1990,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg of matter consisting of helium and hydrogen.
Gravity force
Gravity, according to scientists, is the most mysterious riddle in the Universe. This is the attraction of one matter to another and what gives the planets the shape of a ball. The Sun's gravity is powerful enough to hold 9 planets, a dozen satellites, and thousands of asteroids and comets. All this is held around the Sun by invisible threads of gravity. But as the distance between space objects increases, the attraction between them quickly weakens. The characteristic of the planets of the solar system directly depends on gravity. For example, Pluto's attraction to the Sun is much less than the force of attraction between the Sun and Mercury or Venus. The sun and the earth mutually attract each other, but due to the fact that the mass of the sun is much larger, then the attraction from its side is more powerful. Comparative characteristics planets of the solar system will help to understand the main features of each of the planets.
The sun's rays travel in different directions in outer space, reaching all nine planets that revolve around the sun. But depending on how distant the planet is, a different amount of light comes to it, hence the different characteristics of the planets of the solar system.
Mercury
On Mercury, the closest planet to the Sun, the Sun appears to be 3 times as large as the Earth's Sun. During the day it can be blindingly bright. But the sky is dark even during the day because IT has no atmosphere to bounce and scatter the sunlight. When the Sun hits the rocky landscape of Mercury, the temperature can reach up to 430 C. But at night, all the heat returns freely into space, and the surface temperature of the planet can drop to -173 C.
Venus
The characteristic of the planets of the solar system (grade 5 is studying this topic) leads to the consideration of the closest planet for earthlings - Venus. Venus, the second planet from the Sun, is surrounded by an atmosphere that is predominantly carbon dioxide gas. In such an atmosphere, clouds of sulfuric acid are constantly observed. Interestingly, despite the fact that Venus is more distant from the Sun than Mercury, its surface temperature is higher and reaches 480 C. This is due to carbon dioxide, which creates a greenhouse effect and keeps heat on the planet. Venus has a similar size and density to Earth, but the properties of its atmosphere are detrimental to all living things. chemical reactions clouds produce acids capable of dissolving lead, tin and stones. In addition, Venus is covered with thousands of volcanoes and lava rivers that have formed over millions of years. Near the surface, Venus's atmosphere is 50 times thicker than Earth's. Therefore, all objects that penetrate it explode before they hit the surface. Scientists have discovered about 400 flat spots on Venus, each of which is from 29 to 48 km in diameter. These are the scars of meteorites that exploded above the surface of the planet.
Earth
The Earth, where we all live, has ideal atmospheric and temperature conditions for life, because our atmosphere consists mainly of nitrogen and oxygen. Scientists prove that the Earth revolves around the Sun, leaning on one side. Indeed, the position of the planet deviates from right angle at 23.5 degrees. This tilt, as well as its size, according to scientists, our planet received after a powerful collision with a cosmic body. It is this tilt of the Earth that forms the seasons: winter, spring, summer and autumn.
Mars
After Earth comes Mars. On Mars, the Sun appears to be three times smaller than from Earth. Only a third of the light compared to what earthlings see is received by Mars. In addition, hurricanes often occur on this planet, raising red dust from the surface. But, nevertheless, in summer days, the temperature on Mars can reach 17 C, just like on Earth. Mars has a red hue because the iron oxide minerals in its soil reflect the reddish-orange light of the Sun, in other words, the Martian soil contains a lot of rusty iron, which is why Mars is often called the red planet. Martian air is very rarefied -1 percent of its density earth's atmosphere. The planet's atmosphere is made up of carbon dioxide. Scientists admit that once, about 2 billion years ago, there were rivers and liquid water on this planet, and the atmosphere contained oxygen, because iron rusts only when it interacts with oxygen. It is possible that the atmosphere of Mars was once suitable for the emergence of life on this planet.
With regard to chemical and physical parameters, the characteristics of the planets of the solar system are shown below (table for the terrestrial planets).
The chemical composition of the atmosphere | Physical parameters |
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Pressure, atm. | Temperature, C |
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-30 to +40 |
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As you can see, chemical composition The atmospheres of all three planets are very different.
This is the characteristic of the planets of the solar system. The table above clearly shows the ratio of different chemical substances, as well as pressure, temperature, and the presence of water on each of them, so to compose general idea about this now it will not be difficult.
Giants of the solar system
Behind Mars are the giant planets, which consist mainly of gases. An interesting physical characteristic of the planets of the solar system, such as Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.
All giants are covered with thick clouds, and each subsequent one receives less and less light from the Sun. From Jupiter, the Sun looks like a fifth of what earthlings see. Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. Under thick clouds of ammonia and water, Jupiter is covered by an ocean of metallic liquid hydrogen. A feature of the planet is the presence of a giant red spot on the clouds hanging over its equator. It is a gigantic storm nearly 48,000 km long that has been orbiting the planet for over 300 years. Saturn is the show planet in the solar system. On Saturn, sunlight is even weaker, but still powerful enough to illuminate the planet's vast ring system. Thousands of rings, which are mostly made of ice, are illuminated by the Sun, turning them into giant circles of light.
The rings of Saturn have not yet been studied by earth scientists. According to some versions, they were formed as a result of a collision of his satellite with a comet or asteroid and, under the influence of enormous gravity, turned into rings.
Planet Uranus - cold world, which is located at a distance of 2.9 billion km from the main body. The average temperature of its atmosphere is -177 C. It is the planet with the greatest inclination and revolves around the Sun, lying on its side, and even in the opposite direction.
Pluto
The most distant 9th planet - icy Pluto - shines with a distant cold light, and is located at a distance of 5.8 billion kilometers and looks like a bright star in a dark sky.
This planet is so small and so far from Earth that scientists know very little about it. Its surface consists of nitrogen ice, in order to make one revolution around the Sun, it takes about 284 Earth years. The sun on this planet is no different from billions of other stars.
Complete description of the planets of the solar system
The table (5th graders study this topic in sufficient detail), located below, allows not only to get an idea of the planets of the solar system, but also makes it possible to compare them in terms of basic parameters.
| Planet | Distance from the Sun, asters units | Period of circulation, years | Period of rotation about an axis | Radius, relative to the radius of the Earth | Mass, relative to the mass of the Earth | Density, kg/m3 | Number of satellites |
Mercury | |||||||
23 h 56 min. | |||||||
24 hours 37 minutes | |||||||
9 hours 50 minutes | |||||||
10 hours 12 minutes | |||||||
5 pm 14 min. | |||||||
16h07 min. |
As you can see, there is no planet like the Earth in our Galaxy. The above characteristics of the planets of the solar system (table, grade 5) makes it possible to understand this.
Conclusion
A brief description of the planets of the solar system will allow readers to plunge a little into the world of space and remember that earthlings are still the only intelligent beings among vast universe and the world around them must be constantly protected, preserved and restored.
