Violation of SNIP 2.07 01 89. The concept of development and the general organization of the territory of urban and rural settlements

SNiP 2.07.01-89*

DEVELOPED by the institutes: State Committee for Architecture - TsNIIP Urban Planning (candidates architect. P.N. Davidenko, V.R. Krogius- theme leaders; architect candidates. I.V. Bobkov, N.M. Trubnikova, V.Ya. Khromov, S.B. Chistyakova, N.N. Sheverdyaeva; tech candidates. Sciences A.A. Agasyants, I.L. Tolstoy E.L. Car- responsible executors of sections; architect candidates. B.I. Berdnik, N.P. Extreme, V.P. Lomachenko, E.P., Menshikova, L.I. Sokolov; tech candidates. Sciences N.K. Kiryushina, N.A. Korneev, N.A. Rudneva, A.I. Strelnikov, V.A. Shcheglov; V.A. Gutnikov, G.V. Zhegalina, L.G. Kovalenko, G.N. Levchenko, S.K. regame, T.G. Turkadze, O.Yu. Krivonosova, N.V. Fugarova, N.U. Chernobaev), LenNIIP of urban planning (candidate of economic sciences T.N. Chistyakov), LenZNIIEP (R.M. Popova; cand. archit. I.P. Fashchevskaya), KievNIIP of urban planning (candidate of technical sciences V.F. Makukhin, Dr. Architect. T.F. Panchenko), TsNIIEP dwellings (candidate architect. B.Yu. Brandenburg), TsNIIEP educational buildings (Dr. IN AND. Stepanov, architect candidates. N.S. Shakaryan, N.N. Shchetinina, S.F. Naumov, A.M. Garnets, G.N. Tsytovich, A.M. Bazilevich, I.P. Vasiliev; G.I. Polyakov), TsNIIEP them. B.S. Mezentseva (candidates architect A.A. Vysokovsky, V.A. Mashinsky, G.A. Muradov, A.Ya. Nikolskaya, E.K. Milashevskaya), TsNIIEP of Resort and Tourist Buildings and Complexes (Cand. AND I. Yatsenko; T.Ya. Papernova), TsNIIEP engineering equipment ( F.M. Gukasova; cand. tech. Sciences L.R. Nayfeld), TsNIIEP grazhdanselstroem (Dr. S.B. Moiseeva, architect candidates. R.D. Bagirov, T.G. Badalov, M.A. Vasiliev); Gosstroy of the USSR - Central Research Institute of Industrial Buildings (Doctor of Architect E.S. Matveev), Promstroyproekt (N.T. Ostrogradsky), NIISF (candidate of technical sciences O.A. basket); GiproNII AS USSR (candidates archit. YES. Metaniev, N.R. Frezinskaya); GiproNIIzdrav of the USSR Ministry of Health (Yu.S. Skvortsov); Soyuzgiproleskhoz of the State Committee for Forestry of the USSR ( T.L. Bondarenko, V.M. Lukyanov); Giprotorg of the USSR Ministry of Trade (A.S. Ponomarev); Moscow Research Institute of Hygiene. F.F. Erisman of the Ministry of Health of the RSFSR (candidate of medical sciences I.S. Kiryanova; G.A. Bunyaev); Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of the RSFSR - Giprokommunstroy ( V.N. Antoninov), Giprokommundortrans (I.N. Kleshnina, Yu.R. Romantsov, A.M. Shirinsky); AKH im. K.D. Pamfilova (candidates of technical sciences V.M. Mikhailova, V.I. Mikhailov); GiproNIselkhoz of the State Agroprom of the USSR ( E.I. Pishchik, T.G. Gorbunov).

INTRODUCED by the State Committee for Architecture.

PREPARED FOR APPROVAL AS. Krivov; I.G. Ivanov, G.A. Long; T.A. Glukhareva, Yu.V. Polyansky.

SNiP 2.07.01-89* is a reissue of SNiP 2.07.01-89 with amendments and additions approved by the Decree of the USSR Gosstroy of July 13, 1990 No. 61, by order of the Ministry of Architecture, Construction, Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation of December 23, 1992 No. 269, Decree of the Gosstroy of Russia dated August 25, 1993 No. 18-32.

State

building

Building regulations

SNiP 2.07.01-89*

USSR Committee

(Gosstroy of the USSR)

Urban planning.

Planning and development

Instead of SNiP II-60-75

urban and rural settlements

These rules and regulations apply to the design of new and reconstruction of existing urban and rural settlements and include the basic requirements for their planning and development. These requirements should be specified in regional (territorial) regulatory documents*.

Urban-type settlements (urban, workers, resorts) should be designed according to the standards established for small towns with the same estimated population.

Settlements with enterprises and facilities located outside cities that do not have the status of urban-type settlements should be designed according to departmental regulatory documents, and in their absence - according to the norms established for rural settlements with the same estimated population.

Note. When designing urban and rural settlements, civil defense measures should be envisaged in accordance with the requirements of special regulatory documents.

1. CONCEPT OF DEVELOPMENT AND GENERAL ORGANIZATION OF THE TERRITORY OF URBAN AND RURAL SETTLEMENTS

1.1*. Urban and rural settlements must be designed on the basis of urban planning forecasts and programs, general schemes for resettlement, nature management and the territorial organization of the productive forces of the Russian Federation; settlement schemes, nature management and territorial organization of the productive forces of large geographic regions and national-state formations; schemes and projects of regional planning of administrative-territorial formations; territorial integrated schemes for nature protection and nature management in zones of intensive economic development and unique natural significance, including measures to prevent and protect against hazardous natural and man-made processes.

When planning and building urban and rural settlements, it is necessary to be guided by the laws of the Russian Federation, decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, and resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation.

1.2*. Urban and rural settlements should be designed as elements of the settlement system of the Russian Federation and its constituent republics, territories, regions, districts, administrative districts and rural administrative-territorial entities, as well as inter-regional, inter-district and inter-farm settlement systems. At the same time, one should take into account the formation of social, industrial, engineering, transport and other infrastructures common for settlement systems, as well as labor, cultural, community and recreational ties developed in the future within the zone of influence of the settlement-center or sub-center of the settlement system.

The sizes of zones of influence should be taken: for cities - centers of administrative-territorial formations on the basis of data on settlement schemes, schemes and projects of district planning, taking into account the existing administrative borders of republics, territories, regions, administrative regions; rural settlements - centers of administrative regions and rural administrative-territorial formations - within the boundaries of administrative regions and rural administrative-territorial formations.

1.3*. Plans for the planning and development of urban and rural settlements must provide for a rational sequence of their development. At the same time, it is necessary to determine the prospects for the development of settlements beyond the estimated period, including fundamental decisions on territorial development, functional zoning, planning structure, engineering and transport infrastructure, rational use of natural resources and protection environment.

As a rule, the estimated period should be up to 20 years, and the urban planning forecast can cover 30-40 years.

1.4. Urban and rural settlements, depending on the design population for the estimated period, are divided into groups in accordance with Table. one

Table 1

Settlement groups	Population, thousand people
		Rural settlements
The largest
	"500 to 1000






__________________ 1 The group of small towns includes urban-type settlements.

1.5. The population size for the estimated period should be determined on the basis of data on the prospects for the development of the settlement in the settlement system, taking into account the demographic forecast of natural and mechanical population growth and pendulum migrations.

Prospects for the development of a rural settlement should be determined on the basis of plans for the development of collective farms and state farms and other enterprises, taking into account their production specialization, schemes for land management projects, district planning projects in conjunction with the formation of an agro-industrial complex, as well as taking into account the location of subsidiary farms of enterprises, organizations and institutions . In this case, the calculation of the population should be performed for a group of rural settlements included in the economy.

1.6*. The territory for the development of urban and rural settlements must be chosen taking into account the possibility of its rational functional use based on a comparison of architectural and planning solutions, technical, economic, sanitary and hygienic indicators, fuel and energy, water, territorial resources, the state of the environment, taking into account the forecast changes for the future natural and other conditions. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the maximum permissible loads on the environment. natural environment on the basis of determining its potential, the mode of rational use of territorial and natural resources in order to ensure the most favorable living conditions for the population, to prevent the destruction of natural ecological systems and irreversible changes in the natural environment.

1.7. Taking into account the predominant functional use, the territory of the city is divided into residential, industrial and landscape-recreational.

Residential area is intended: to accommodate housing stock, public buildings and structures, including research institutes and their complexes, as well as individual communal and industrial facilities that do not require the construction of sanitary protection zones; for the arrangement of intracity communications, streets, squares, parks, gardens, boulevards and other public places.

Production area is designed to accommodate industrial enterprises and related facilities, complexes of scientific institutions with their pilot production facilities, utility and storage facilities, external transport facilities, extra-urban and suburban communication routes.

Landscape and recreational area includes urban forests, forest parks, forest protection zones, reservoirs, agricultural land and other lands, which, together with parks, gardens, squares and boulevards located in the residential area, form a system of open spaces.

Within these territories, zones of various functional purposes are distinguished: residential buildings, public centers, industrial, scientific and research and production, communal and warehouse, external transport, mass recreation, resort (in cities and towns with medical resources), protected landscapes.

The organization of the territory of a rural settlement must be provided in conjunction with the overall functional organization of the territory of the economy, as a rule, highlighting residential and industrial areas.

AT historical cities it is necessary to allocate zones (districts) of historical buildings.

Notes: 1. Subject to sanitary and hygienic and other requirements for the joint placement of objects of different functional purposes, it is allowed to create many functional areas.

2. In areas exposed to dangerous and catastrophic natural phenomena(earthquakes, tsunamis, mudflows, floods, landslides and collapses), zoning of the territory of settlements should be provided taking into account risk reduction and ensuring the sustainability of functioning. Parks, gardens, outdoor sports grounds and other undeveloped elements should be placed in areas with the highest degree of risk.

In seismic regions, functional zoning of the territory should be provided on the basis of microzoning according to seismicity conditions. At the same time, areas with less seismicity should be used for building in accordance with the requirements of SN 429-71.

3. In areas with complex engineering and geological conditions for development, it is necessary to use sites that require lower costs for engineering preparation, construction and operation of buildings and structures.

1.8*. The planning structure of urban and rural settlements should be formed, providing a compact placement of the interconnection of functional zones; rational zoning of the territory in conjunction with the system of public centers, engineering and transport infrastructure; effective use of the territory depending on its town-planning value; comprehensive accounting of architectural and urban planning traditions, natural and climatic, landscape, national, domestic and other local features; protection of the environment, monuments of history and culture.

Notes*: 1. In seismic areas, it is necessary to provide for a dissected planning structure of cities and dispersed placement of objects with a large concentration of the population, as well as fire and explosion hazardous.

2. In historical cities, it is necessary to ensure the full preservation of their historical planning structure and architectural appearance, to provide for the development and implementation of programs for the comprehensive reconstruction of historical zones, the restoration of historical and cultural monuments.

3. When planning and building urban and rural settlements, it is necessary to provide conditions for the full-fledged life of the disabled and sedentary groups of the population in accordance with the requirements of VSN 62-91, approved by the State Committee for Architecture.

1.9. In the largest and largest cities, it is necessary to ensure the integrated use of underground space for the interconnected placement of urban transport facilities, trade enterprises, public catering and public utilities, individual entertainment and sports facilities, utility and auxiliary premises of administrative, public and residential buildings, objects of systems engineering equipment, industrial and municipal storage facilities for various purposes.

1.10. In the territories adjacent to cities, suburban areas should be provided for their use as reserves for the subsequent development of cities and the placement of economic services, and as part of suburban areas - green areas intended for organizing recreation for the population, improving the microclimate, the state of atmospheric air and sanitary conditions. hygiene conditions.

When determining the boundaries of the suburban zone, one should take into account the interconnected development of urban and rural settlements, the boundaries of administrative districts, agricultural and other enterprises. For the cities included in the formed group settlement system, a common suburban zone should be provided.

1.11. The placement of subsidiary farms of enterprises, organizations and institutions, as well as plots for collective gardens and orchards, should be provided, as a rule, on the territory of a suburban area. Objects of housing and civil construction of subsidiary farms, as a rule, should be placed on the territories of existing rural settlements.

Plots of horticultural partnerships must be located taking into account the future development of urban and rural settlements outside the reserve territories provided for individual housing construction, at a distance of accessibility by public transport from places of residence, as a rule, no more than 1.5 hours, and for the largest and largest cities - no more than 2 hours

2. RESIDENTIAL TERRITORY

2.1*. The planning structure of the residential territory of urban and rural settlements should be formed taking into account the interconnected placement of zones of public centers, residential development, street and road network, landscaped areas for common use, as well as in conjunction with the planning structure of the settlement as a whole, depending on its size and natural features territory.

For a preliminary determination of the need for a residential area, aggregated indicators per 1000 people should be taken: in cities with an average number of storeys of residential buildings up to 3 floors - 10 hectares for buildings without land plots and 20 hectares - for development with plots; from 4 to 8 floors - 8 hectares; 9 floors and above - 7 hectares.

For areas north of 58° N, as well as climatic subregions IA, IB, IG, ID and IIA, these indicators may be reduced, but not more than 30%.

Note. The residential area in cities must be divided into areas of no more than 250 hectares by highways or strips of green spaces at least 100 m wide.

2.2. When determining the size of a residential area, one should proceed from the need to provide each family with a separate apartment or house. Estimated housing provision is determined differentially for cities as a whole and their individual districts on the basis of forecast data on the average family size, taking into account the types of residential buildings used, planned volumes of housing construction, and the share of the fund built at the expense of the population. The total area of apartments should be calculated in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.08.01-89.

2.3*. Placement of individual construction in cities should include:

within the city limits - mainly in free territories, including territories previously considered unsuitable for construction, as well as in areas of reconstructed development (in areas of existing individual homestead development, in areas of non-homestead development during its compaction and in order to preserve the nature of the existing urban environment) ;

in the territories of suburban zones - in reserve territories included in the city limits; in new and developing settlements located within the transport accessibility of the city 30-40 min.

Areas of individual estate development in cities should not be placed in the main directions of development of multi-storey construction in the future.

Landscaping, landscaping and engineering equipment of the territory, placement of institutions and enterprises serving everyday use should be provided for in areas of individual development.

COMMUNITY CENTERS

2.4. In cities, a system of public centers should be formed, including a city center, centers of planning areas (zones), residential and industrial areas, recreation areas, shopping and household centers for everyday use, as well as specialized centers (medical, educational, sports, etc.) allowed to be placed in the suburban area.

Note. The number, composition and location of public centers are taken into account the size of the city, its role in the settlement system and the functional and planning organization of the territory. In large and largest cities, as well as in cities with a dissected structure, the city center, as a rule, is supplemented by sub-centers of urban significance. In small towns and rural settlements, as a rule, a single public center is formed, supplemented by objects of daily use in residential areas.

2.5. In the city center, depending on its size and planning organization, systems of interconnected public spaces (main streets, squares, pedestrian zones) that form the core of the city center should be formed.

In historical cities, the core of the city center may be formed completely or partially within the historical development zone, provided that the integrity of the existing historical environment is ensured.

RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT

2.6. When designing residential development, as a rule, two main levels of structural organization of a residential area are distinguished:

neighborhood(quarter) - a structural element of residential development with an area, as a rule, of 10-60 hectares, but not more than 80 hectares, not divided by main streets and roads, within which institutions and enterprises of daily use are located with a service radius of not more than 500 m (except for schools and preschool institutions, the service radius of which is determined in accordance with Table 5 of these standards); boundaries, as a rule, are main or residential streets, driveways, pedestrian paths, natural boundaries;

Residential area- a structural element of a residential area with an area, as a rule, from 80 to 250 hectares, within which institutions and enterprises are located with a service radius of not more than 1500 m, as well as part of objects of urban significance; borders, as a rule, are insurmountable natural and artificial boundaries, main streets and roads of citywide significance.

Notes: 1. A residential area is, as a rule, the subject of a detailed planning project, and a microdistrict (quarter) is a development project. The projected object should be referred to one of the levels of the structural organization of the residential area in the design task.

2. In small towns and rural settlements with a compact planning structure, the entire residential area can be a residential area.

3. In the zone of historical development, the elements of the structural organization of the residential area are quarters, groups of quarters, ensembles of streets and squares.

2.7. The number of storeys of residential development is determined on the basis of technical and economic calculations, taking into account architectural and compositional, social, hygienic, demographic requirements, features of the social base and the level of engineering equipment.

Note. For cities located in areas with a seismic activity of 7-9 points, as a rule, one-, two-section residential buildings with a height of no more than 4 floors, as well as low-rise buildings with household plots and apartment plots, should be used. The placement and number of storeys of residential and public buildings must be provided taking into account the requirements of SNiP II-7-81* and SN 429-71.

2.8. During the reconstruction of areas with a predominance of the existing capital residential development, it is necessary to provide for the streamlining of the planning structure and the network of streets, the improvement of the system of public services, landscaping and landscaping, the maximum preservation of the originality of the architectural appearance of residential and public buildings, their modernization and overhaul, restoration and adaptation to modern usage monuments of history and culture.

The volume of the housing stock to be preserved or to be demolished should be determined in accordance with the established procedure, taking into account its economic and historical value, technical condition, the maximum preservation of the housing stock suitable for habitation, and the existing historical environment.

In the case of a comprehensive reconstruction of the existing development, it is allowed, with appropriate justification, to clarify the regulatory requirements with a design assignment in agreement with the local architecture authorities, state supervision and sanitary inspection. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure the reduction of the fire hazard of buildings and the improvement of sanitary and hygienic living conditions for the population.

2.9*. Entrances to the territory of microdistricts and quarters, as well as through passages in buildings should be provided at a distance of no more than 300 m from one another, and in reconstructed areas with perimeter development - no more than 180 m. at least 50 m from the stop line of intersections. At the same time, there must be at least 20 m to a public transport stop.

For access to groups of residential buildings, large institutions and service enterprises, shopping centers, main passages should be provided, and to separate buildings - secondary passages, the dimensions of which should be taken in accordance with Table. 8 real rules.

Neighborhoods and quarters with buildings of 5 floors and above, as a rule, are served by two-lane, and with buildings up to 5 floors - by single-lane driveways.

On single-lane driveways, passing platforms 6 m wide and 15 m long should be provided at a distance of no more than 75 m from one another. Within the facades of buildings with entrances, driveways are arranged with a width of 5.5 m.

Dead-end driveways should be no more than 150 m long and end with turntables that provide the possibility of turning garbage trucks, cleaning and fire trucks.

Sidewalks and cycle paths should be raised 15 cm above the level of the driveways. Crossings of sidewalks and bicycle paths with secondary passages, and at approaches to schools and kindergartens and with main passages, should be provided at the same level with a ramp 1.5 and 3 m long, respectively.

Note*. For detached residential buildings with a height of no more than 9 floors, as well as for objects visited by disabled people, it is allowed to arrange driveways combined with sidewalks with a length of no more than 150 m and a total width of at least 4.2 m, and in low-rise (2-3 floors) building with a width of at least 3.5 m.

2.10*. The size of homestead (near-apartment) land plots allocated in cities for an individual house or for one apartment should be taken in accordance with the procedure established by local authorities.

When determining the size of homestead and near-apartment land plots, it is necessary to take into account the features of urban planning situations in cities of different sizes, types of residential buildings, the nature of the emerging residential development (environment), the conditions for its placement in the city structure, guided by the recommended Appendix 3.

2.11. The area of the green area of the microdistrict (quarter) should be taken at least 6 m 2 / person. (excluding areas of schools and preschool institutions).

For parts of the climatic subdistricts IA, IB, IG, ID and IIA, located north of 58 ° N, the total area of the green area of the microdistricts can be reduced, but taken at least 3 m 2 / person, and for parts of the climatic subdistricts IA, IG , ID, IIA south of 58°N. and subareas IB, IIB and IIB north of 58°N. - not less than 5 m 2 / person.

Note. The area of individual sections of the green area of the microdistrict includes areas for recreation, for children to play, footpaths, if they occupy no more than 30% of the total area of the site.

2.12*. Distances between residential, residential and public, as well as industrial buildings should be taken on the basis of insolation and illumination calculations in accordance with the insolation standards given in clause 9.19 of these standards, the illumination standards given in SNiP II-4-79, and also in accordance with with the fire safety requirements given in mandatory Appendix 1.

Between the long sides of residential buildings with a height of 2-3 floors, distances (household gaps) should be taken at least 15 m, and 4 floors high - at least 20 m, between the long sides and ends of the same buildings with windows from living rooms - at least 10 m The indicated distances can be reduced subject to the norms of insolation and illumination, if the obstruction of residential premises (rooms and kitchens) from window to window is ensured.

Notes *: 1. In areas of estate development, the distance from the windows of residential premises (rooms, kitchens and verandas) to the walls of the house and outbuildings (barn, garage, bathhouse) located on neighboring land plots, according to sanitary and living conditions, must be at least , usually 6 m; and the distance to the barn for livestock and poultry - in accordance with paragraph 2.19 * of these standards. Outbuildings should be placed from the boundaries of the site at a distance of at least 1 m.

2. It is allowed to block outbuildings on adjacent household land plots by mutual agreement of the homeowners, taking into account the requirements given in the mandatory Appendix 1.

2.13. When designing residential development, it is necessary to provide for the placement of sites, the dimensions of which and the distances from them to residential and public buildings should be taken not less than those given in Table. 2.

BUILDING REGULATIONS

URBAN PLANNING.

PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN AND RURAL SETTLEMENTS

SNiP 2.07.01-89*

DEVELOPED by the institutes: State Committee for Architecture - TsNIIP Urban Planning (candidates architect. P.N. Davidenko, V.R. Krogius— theme leaders; architect candidates. I.V. Bobkov, N.M. Trubnikova, V.Ya. Khromov, S.B. Chistyakova, N.N. Sheverdyaeva; tech candidates. Sciences A.A. Agasyants, I.L. Tolstoy E.L. Car— responsible executors of sections; architect candidates. B.I. Berdnik, N.P. Extreme, V.P. Lomachenko, E.P., Menshikova, L.I. Sokolov; tech candidates. Sciences N.K. Kiryushina, N.A. Korneev, N.A. Rudneva, A.I. Strelnikov, V.A. Shcheglov; V.A . Gutnikov, G.V. Zhegalina, L.G. Kovalenko, G.N. Levchenko, S.K. regame, T.G. Turkadze, O.Yu. Krivonosova, N.V. Fugarova, N.U. Chernobaev), LenNIIP of urban planning (candidate of economic sciences T.N. Chistyakov), LenZNIIEP (R.M. Popova; cand. archit. I.P. Fashchevskaya), KievNIIP of urban planning (candidate of technical sciences V.F. Makukhin, Dr. Architect. T.F. Panchenko), TsNIIEP dwellings (candidate architect. B.Yu. Brandenburg), TsNIIEP educational buildings (Dr. IN AND. Stepanov, architect candidates. N.S. Shakaryan, N.N. Shchetinina, S.F. Naumov, A.M. Garnets, G.N. Tsytovich, A.M. Bazilevich, I.P. Vasiliev; G.I. Polyakov), TsNIIEP them. B.S. Mezentseva (candidates architect A.A. Vysokovsky, V.A. Mashinsky, G.A. Muradov, A.Ya. Nikolskaya, E.K. Milashevskaya), TsNIIEP of Resort and Tourist Buildings and Complexes (Cand. AND I. Yatsenko; T.Ya. Papernova), TsNIIEP engineering equipment ( F.M. Gukasova; cand. tech. Sciences L.R. Nayfeld), TsNIIEP grazhdanselstroem (Dr. S.B. Moiseeva, architect candidates. R.D. Bagirov, T.G. Badalov, M.A. Vasiliev); Gosstroy of the USSR - Central Research Institute of Industrial Buildings (Doctor of Architect E.S. Matveev), Promstroyproekt (N.T. Ostrogradsky), NIISF (candidate of technical sciences O.A. basket); GiproNII AS USSR (candidates archit. YES. Metaniev, N.R. Frezinskaya); GiproNIIzdrav of the USSR Ministry of Health (Yu.S. Skvortsov); Soyuzgiproleskhoz of the State Committee for Forestry of the USSR ( T.L. Bondarenko, V.M. Lukyanov); Giprotorg of the USSR Ministry of Trade (A.S. Ponomarev); Moscow Research Institute of Hygiene. F.F. Erisman of the Ministry of Health of the RSFSR (candidate of medical sciences I.S. Kiryanova; G.A. Bunyaev); Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of the RSFSR - Giprokommunstroy ( V.N. Antoninov), Giprokommundortrans (I.N. Kleshnina, Yu.R. Romantsov, A.M. Shirinsky); AKH im. K.D. Pamfilova (candidates of technical sciences V.M. Mikhailova, V.I. Mikhailov); GiproNIselkhoz of the State Agroprom of the USSR ( E.I . Pishchik, T.G. Gorbunov).

INTRODUCED by the State Committee for Architecture.

PREPARED FOR APPROVAL AS. Krivov; I.G. Ivanov, G.A. Long; T.A. Glukhareva, Yu.V. Polyansky.

SNiP 2.07.01-89* is a reissue of SNiP 2.07.01-89 with amendments and additions approved by the Decree of the USSR Gosstroy of July 13, 1990 No. 61, by order of the Ministry of Architecture, Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation of December 23, 1992 No. 269, Decree of the Gosstroy of Russia dated August 25, 1993 No. 18-32.

Urban-type settlements (urban, workers, resorts) should be designed according to the standards established for small towns with the same estimated population.

Settlements with enterprises and facilities located outside cities that do not have the status of urban-type settlements should be designed according to departmental regulatory documents, and in their absence, according to the standards established for rural settlements with the same estimated population.

Note. When designing urban and rural settlements, civil defense measures should be envisaged in accordance with the requirements of special regulatory documents.

1. CONCEPT OF DEVELOPMENT AND GENERAL ORGANIZATION OF THE TERRITORY OF URBAN AND RURAL SETTLEMENTS

The sizes of zones of influence should be taken: for cities - centers of administrative-territorial formations on the basis of data on settlement schemes, schemes and projects of district planning, taking into account the existing administrative borders of republics, territories, regions, administrative districts; rural settlements - centers of administrative regions and rural administrative-territorial formations - within the boundaries of administrative regions and rural administrative-territorial formations.

As a rule, the estimated period should be up to 20 years, and the urban planning forecast may cover 30-40 years.

1.4. Urban and rural settlements, depending on the design population for the estimated period, are divided into groups in accordance with Table. one

Table 1

Settlement groups	Population, thousand people
	Cities	Rural settlements
The largest	St. 1000
Large	"500 to 1000	St. 5
	" 250 " 500	"3 to 5
Large	" 100 " 250	" 1 " 3
Medium	" 50 " 100	" 0,2 " 1
Small 1	" 20 " 50	" 0,05 " 0,2
	" 10 " 20	Up to 0.05
	To 10
__________________ 1 The group of small towns includes urban-type settlements.

1.6*. The territory for the development of urban and rural settlements must be chosen taking into account the possibility of its rational functional use based on a comparison of architectural and planning solutions, technical, economic, sanitary and hygienic indicators, fuel and energy, water, territorial resources, the state of the environment, taking into account the forecast changes for the future natural and other conditions. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the maximum permissible loads on the environment based on determining its potential, the regime for the rational use of territorial and natural resources in order to ensure the most favorable living conditions for the population, to prevent the destruction of natural ecological systems and irreversible changes in the natural environment.

1.7. Taking into account the predominant functional use, the territory of the city is divided into residential, industrial and landscape-recreational.

In historical cities, it is necessary to allocate zones (districts) of historical buildings.

Notes: 1. If sanitary and hygienic and other requirements for the joint placement of objects of different functional purposes are observed, it is allowed to create multifunctional zones.

2. In areas subject to the action of dangerous and catastrophic natural phenomena (earthquakes, tsunamis, mudflows, floods, landslides and landslides), zoning of the territory of settlements should be provided taking into account risk reduction and ensuring sustainable functioning. Parks, gardens, outdoor sports grounds and other undeveloped elements should be placed in areas with the highest degree of risk.

2. RESIDENTIAL TERRITORY

To preliminarily determine the need for a residential area, aggregated indicators per 1000 people should be taken: in cities with an average number of storeys of residential buildings up to 3 floors - 10 hectares for buildings without land plots and 20 hectares for buildings with plots; from 4 to 8 floors - 8 hectares; 9 floors and above - 7 hectares.

For areas north of 58 ° north latitude, as well as climatic subregions I A, I B, IG, I D and II And these indicators can be reduced, but not more than 30%.

Note. The residential area in cities must be divided into areas of no more than 250 hectares by highways or strips of green spaces at least 100 m wide.

2.3*. Placement of individual construction in cities should include:

in the territories of suburban zones - in reserve territories included in the city limits; in new and developing settlements located within the transport accessibility of the city 30-40 min.

Areas of individual estate development in cities should not be placed in the main directions of development of multi-storey construction in the future.

Landscaping, landscaping and engineering equipment of the territory, placement of institutions and enterprises serving everyday use should be provided for in areas of individual development.

COMMUNITY CENTERS

RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT

2.6. When designing residential development, as a rule, two main levels of structural organization of a residential area are distinguished:

neighborhood(quarter) - a structural element of residential development with an area, as a rule, of 10-60 hectares, but not more than 80 hectares, not divided by main streets and roads, within which institutions and enterprises of everyday use are located with a service radius of not more than 500 m (except for schools and preschool institutions, the service radius of which is determined in accordance with Table 5 of these standards); boundaries, as a rule, are main or residential streets, driveways, pedestrian paths, natural boundaries;

Residential area- a structural element of a residential area with an area, as a rule, from 80 to 250 hectares, within which institutions and enterprises are located with a service radius of not more than 1500 m, as well as part of objects of urban importance; borders, as a rule, are insurmountable natural and artificial boundaries, main streets and roads of citywide significance.

2. In small towns and rural settlements with a compact planning structure, the entire residential area can be a residential area.

3. In the zone of historical development, the elements of the structural organization of the residential area are quarters, groups of quarters, ensembles of streets and squares.

Note. For cities located in areas with a seismic activity of 7-9 points, as a rule, one- or two-section residential buildings with a height of no more than 4 floors should be used, as well as low-rise buildings with household and apartment plots. The placement and number of storeys of residential and public buildings must be provided taking into account the requirements of SNiP II-7-81* and CH 429-71.

Neighborhoods and quarters with buildings of 5 floors and above, as a rule, are served by two-lane, and with buildings up to 5 floors - by single-lane driveways.

Dead-end driveways should be no more than 150 m long and end with turntables that provide the possibility of turning garbage trucks, cleaning and fire trucks.

2.11. The area of the green area of the microdistrict (quarter) should be taken at least 6 m 2 / person. (excluding areas of schools and preschool institutions).

For parts of climatic subregions I A, I B, IG, ID and II A, located north of 58 ° north latitude, the total area of green areas of microdistricts may be reduced, but taken at least 3 m 2 / person, and for parts of climatic subdistricts I A, I D, I D, II A south of 58 ° NL and subdistricts I C, II B and II C north of 58° NL - not less than 5 m 2 / person.

2.12*. Distances between residential, residential and public, as well as industrial buildings should be taken on the basis of insolation and illumination calculations in accordance with the insolation standards given in clause 9.19 of these standards, the illumination standards given in SNiP II -4-79, as well as in accordance with the fire safety requirements given in the mandatory Appendix 1.

Between the long sides of residential buildings with a height of 2-3 floors, distances (household gaps) should be taken at least 15 m, and 4 floors high - at least 20 m, between the long sides and ends of the same buildings with windows from living rooms - at least 10 m The specified distances can be reduced subject to the norms of insolation and illumination, if the obstruction of residential premises (rooms and kitchens) from window to window is ensured.

Notes *: 1. In areas of estate development, the distance from the windows of residential premises (rooms, kitchens and verandas) to the walls of the house and outbuildings (barn, garage, bathhouse) located on neighboring land plots, according to sanitary and living conditions, must be at least , usually 6 m; and the distance to the barn for livestock and poultry - in accordance with clause 2.19 * of these standards. Outbuildings should be placed from the boundaries of the site at a distance of at least 1 m.

2. It is allowed to block outbuildings on adjacent household land plots by mutual agreement of the homeowners, taking into account the requirements given in the mandatory Appendix 1.

table 2

Venues	Specific dimensions of sites, m 2 / person.	Distances from sites to windows of residential and public buildings, m
For preschool and toddler games school age
For adult recreation
For physical education		10—40
For household purposes and dog walking		20 (for business purposes) 40 (for dog walking)
For car parking		According to the table ten

Notes: 1. Distances from playgrounds for physical education are set depending on their noise characteristics; distances from sites for drying clothes are not standardized, distances from sites for garbage bins to sports grounds, playgrounds for children's games and recreation for adults should be taken at least 20 m, and from sites for household purposes to the most remote entrance to a residential building - no more than 100 m .

2. It is allowed to reduce, but not more than by 50%, the specific sizes of playgrounds: for children's games, adult recreation and physical education in climatic subregions I A, I B, IG, I D, II A and IV A, IV D, in areas with dust storms, subject to the creation of closed structures, for economic purposes in the development of residential buildings of 9 floors and above; for physical education in the formation of a single sports and recreation complex of the microdistrict for schoolchildren and the population.

2.14. Residential buildings with apartments on the first floors should be located, as a rule, indented from the red lines. Along the red line it is allowed to place residential buildings with built-in ground floors or attached public premises, and on residential streets in the conditions of reconstruction of the existing development - and residential buildings with apartments on the ground floors.

In estate development areas, residential buildings can be located along the red line of residential streets in accordance with established local traditions.

2.15. When designing residential development in cities, the estimated population density in the territory of a residential area and microdistrict, people / ha, should be taken in accordance with regional (republican) standards, taking into account the recommended Appendix 4.

At the same time, the estimated population density of microdistricts, as a rule, should not exceed 450 people/ha.

RESIDENTIAL TERRITORY OF RURAL SETTLEMENT

2.16. The residential area of a rural settlement should not be crossed by roads I, II and III categories, as well as roads intended for the movement of agricultural vehicles and livestock.

DEVELOPED by the institutes: State Committee for Architecture - Central Research Institute of Urban Planning (candidates architects P.N.Davidenko, V.R.Krogius - leaders of the theme; candidates architects I.V. Chistyakova, N.N. Sheverdyaeva, Candidates of Engineering Sciences A.A.Agasyants, I.A. V.P. Lomachenko, E.P. Menshikova, L.I. Sokolov, Candidates of Technical Sciences N.K. Kiryushina, N.A. Korneev, N.A. Rudneva, A.I. Strelnikov, V.A. Shcheglov, V.A. Gutnikov, G.V. Zhegalina, L.G. Kovalenko, G.N. Levchenko, S.K. N.U.Chernobaeva), LenNIIP of Urban Planning (PhD in Economics T.N.Chistyakova), LenZNIIEP (R.M.Popova; Candidate of Architect I.P.Fashchevskaya), KievNIIP of Urban Planning (Ph.D. .F. Makukhin, Dr. architect. T.F. Panchenko), TsNIIEP housing (candidate architect B.Yu. Brandenburg), TsNIIEP educational buildings (Dr. architect V.I. Stepanov, candidates architect. N .S.Shakaryan, N.N.Schetinina, S.F.Naumov, A.M.Garnets, G.N.Tsytovich, A.M. Bazilevich, I.P. Vasilyeva; G.I. Polyakova), TsNIIEP them. B.S. Mezentseva (candidate architects A.A. Vysokovsky, V.A. Mashinsky, G.A. Muradov, A.Ya. Nikolskaya, E.K. Milashevskaya), TsNIIEP of resort and tourist buildings and complexes architects A.Ya.Yatsenko, T.Ya.Papernova), TsNIIEP of engineering equipment (F.M.Gukasova; Candidate of Technical Sciences L.R.Naifeld), TsNIIEP grazhdanselstroem (Dr. architect S.B.Moiseeva , candidates architect R.D.Bagirov, T.G.Badalov, M.A.Vasilyeva); Gosstroy of the USSR - Central Research Institute of Industrial Buildings (Doctor of Architect E.S. Matveev), Promstroyproekt (N.T. Ostrogradsky), NIISF (Candidate of Technical Sciences O.A. Korzin); GiproNII AS USSR (candidates architect D.A.Metaniev, N.R.Frezinskaya); GiproNIIzdrav of the Ministry of Health of the USSR (Yu.S. Skvortsov); Soyuzgiproleskhoz of the State Committee for Forestry of the USSR (T.L. Bondarenko, V.M. Lukyanov); Giprotorg of the USSR Ministry of Trade (A.S. Ponomarev); Moscow Research Institute of Hygiene. F.F. Erisman of the Ministry of Health of the RSFSR (candidate of medical sciences I.S. Kiryanova; G.A. Bunyaeva); Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of the RSFSR - Giprokommunstroy (V.N. Antoninov), Giprokommundortrans (I.N. Kleshnina, Yu.R. Romantsov, A.M. Shirinsky); AKH im. K.D. Pamfilova (candidates of technical sciences V.M. Mikhailova, V.I. Mikhailov); GiproNIselkhoz of the USSR State Agrarian Industry (E.I. Pishchik, T.G. Gorbunova).

SNiP 2.07.01-89* is a reissue of SNiP 2.07.01-89 with amendments and additions approved by the Decree of the USSR Gosstroy of July 13, 1990 N 61, by order of the Ministry of Architecture, Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation of December 23, 1992 No. 269, Decree of the Gosstroy of Russia of August 25, 1993 No. 18-32.

Urban-type settlements (urban, workers, resorts) should be designed according to the standards established for small towns with the same estimated population.

Settlements with enterprises and facilities located outside cities that do not have the status of urban-type settlements should be designed according to departmental regulatory documents, and in their absence, according to the standards established for rural settlements with the same estimated population.

Note. When designing urban and rural settlements, civil defense measures should be envisaged in accordance with the requirements of special regulatory documents.

1.1*. Urban and rural settlements must be designed on the basis of urban planning forecasts and programs, general schemes for resettlement, nature management and the territorial organization of the productive forces of the Russian Federation; settlement schemes, nature management and territorial organization of the productive forces of large geographic regions and national-state formations; schemes and projects of regional planning of administrative-territorial formations; territorial integrated schemes for nature protection and nature management in zones of intensive economic development and unique natural significance, including measures to prevent and protect against hazardous natural and man-made processes.

1.2*. Urban and rural settlements should be designed as elements of the settlement system of the Russian Federation and its constituent republics, territories, regions, districts, administrative districts and rural administrative-territorial formations, as well as inter-regional, inter-district and inter-farm settlement systems. At the same time, one should take into account the formation of social, industrial, engineering, transport and other infrastructures common for settlement systems, as well as labor, cultural, community and recreational ties developed in the future within the zone of influence of the settlement-center or sub-center of the settlement system.

1.3*. Plans for the planning and development of urban and rural settlements must provide for a rational sequence of their development. At the same time, it is necessary to determine the prospects for the development of settlements beyond the estimated period, including fundamental decisions on territorial development, functional zoning, planning structure, engineering and transport infrastructure, rational use of natural resources and environmental protection.

1.4. Urban and rural settlements, depending on the design population for the estimated period, are divided into groups in accordance with Table 1.


Settlement groups	Population, thousand people
	Cities	Rural settlements
The largest	St. 1000
Large	"500 to 1000	St. 5
	" 250 " 500	"3 to 5
Large	" 100 " 250	" 1 " 3
Medium	" 50 " 100	" 0,2 " 1
Small*	" 20 " 50	" 0,05 " 0,2
	" 10 " 20	Up to 0.05
	To 10
______________ * The group of small towns includes urban-type settlements.

1.5. The population size for the estimated period should be determined on the basis of data on the prospects for the development of the settlement in the settlement system, taking into account the demographic forecast of natural and mechanical population growth and pendulum migrations.

1.6*. The territory for the development of urban and rural settlements must be chosen taking into account the possibility of its rational functional use based on a comparison of architectural and planning solutions, technical, economic, sanitary and hygienic indicators, fuel and energy, water, territorial resources, the state of the environment, taking into account the forecast changes for the future natural and other conditions. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the maximum permissible loads on the environment based on determining its potential, the regime for the rational use of territorial and natural resources in order to ensure the most favorable living conditions for the population, to prevent the destruction of natural ecological systems and irreversible changes in the natural environment.

1.7. Taking into account the predominant functional use, the territory of the city is divided into residential, industrial and landscape-recreational.

Residential the territory is intended: to accommodate housing stock, public buildings and structures, including research institutes and their complexes, as well as individual communal and industrial facilities that do not require the construction of sanitary protection zones; for the arrangement of intracity communications, streets, squares, parks, gardens, boulevards and other public places.

Production the territory is intended to accommodate industrial enterprises and related facilities, complexes of scientific institutions with their pilot production facilities, utility and storage facilities, external transport facilities, extra-urban and suburban communication routes.

Landscape and recreational the territory includes urban forests, forest parks, forest protection zones, reservoirs, agricultural land and other lands, which, together with parks, gardens, squares and boulevards located in the residential area, form a system of open spaces.

Notes: 1. If sanitary and hygienic and other requirements for the joint placement of objects of different functional purposes are observed, it is allowed to create multifunctional zones.

1.8*. The planning structure of urban and rural settlements should be formed, ensuring compact placement and interconnection of functional zones; rational zoning of the territory in conjunction with the system of public centers, engineering and transport infrastructure; effective use of the territory depending on its town-planning value; comprehensive accounting of architectural and urban planning traditions, natural and climatic, landscape, national, domestic and other local features; protection of the environment, monuments of history and culture.

SNiP 2.07.01-89*

BUILDING REGULATIONS

URBAN PLANNING.

PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN AND RURAL SETTLEMENTS.

Introduction date 1990-01-01

DEVELOPED by the institutes: State Committee for Architecture - Central Research Institute of Urban Planning (candidates architects P.N. Davidenko, V.R. Krogius - leaders of the theme; candidates architects I.V. Bobkov, N.M. Trubnikova, V.Ya. Khromov, S.B. Chistyakova, N. N. Sheverdyaeva, Candidates of Engineering Sciences A. A. Agasyants, I. A. Tolstoy, E. L. Mashina - responsible executors of sections, Candidates of Architects B. I. Berdnik, N. P. Kraynaya, V. P. Lomachenko, E. P. Menshikova, L. I. Sokolov, N. K. Kiryushina, N. A. Korneev, N. A. Rudneva, A. I. Strelnikov, V. A. Shcheglov, V. A. Gutnikov, G. V. Zhegalina, L. G. Kovalenko, G. N. Levchenko, S. K. Regame, T. G. Turkadze, O. Yu. Krivonosova, N. V. Fugarova, N.U. Chernobaeva), LenNIIP of Urban Planning (PhD in Economics T.N. Chistyakova), LenZNIIEP (R.M. Popova; Candidate of Architect I.P. Fashchevskaya), KievNIIP of Urban Planning (Ph.D. .F. Makukhin, Dr. architect. T.F. Panchenko), TsNIIEP housing (candidate architect B.Yu. Brandenburg), TsNIIEP educational buildings (Dr. architect V.I. Stepanov, candidates architect. N .S. Shakaryan, N.N. Shchetinin a, S.F. Naumov, A.M. Garnets, G.N. Tsytovich, A.M. Bazilevich, I.P. Vasiliev; G.I. Polyakova), TsNIIEP im. B.S. Mezentseva (candidate architects A.A. Vysokovskiy, V.A. Mashinskiy, G.A. Muradov, A.Ya. Nikolskaya, E.K. Milashevskaya), TsNIIEP of Resort and Tourist Buildings and Complexes (candidate architect A. Ya. Yatsenko; T.Ya. Papernova), TsNIIEP of engineering equipment (F.M. Gukasova; Candidate of Technical Sciences L.R. Nayfeld), TsNIIEP grazhdanselstroy (Dr. architect. S.B. Moiseeva, Ph.D. R.D. Bagirov, T.G. Badalov, M.A. Vasilyeva); Gosstroy of the USSR - Central Research Institute of Industrial Buildings (Doctor of Architect E.S. Matveev), Promstroyproekt (N.T. Ostrogradsky), NIISF (Candidate of Technical Sciences O.A. Korzin); GiproNII of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (candidates architects D.A. Metaniev, N.R. Frezinskaya); GiproNIIzdrav of the USSR Ministry of Health (Yu.S. Skvortsov); Soyuzgiproleskhoz of the State Committee for Forestry of the USSR (T.L. Bondarenko, V.M. Lukyanov); Giprotorg of the USSR Ministry of Trade (A.S. Ponomarev); Moscow Research Institute of Hygiene. F.F. Erisman of the Ministry of Health of the RSFSR (Candidate of Medical Sciences I.S. Kiryanova; G.A. Bunyaeva); Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of the RSFSR - Giprokommunstroy (V.N. Antoninov), Giprokommundortrans (IN.N. Kleshnina, Yu.R. Romantsov, A.M. Shirinsky); AKH im. K.D. Pamfilova (candidates of technical sciences V.M. Mikhailova, V.I. Mikhailov); GiproNIselkhoz of the USSR State Agrarian Industry (E.I. Pishchik, T.G. Gorbunova).

INTRODUCED by the State Committee for Architecture.

PREPARED FOR APPROVAL A.S. Krivov; I.G. Ivanov, G.A. Long; T.A. Glukhareva, Yu.V. Polyansky.

APPROVED by the Decree of the State Construction Committee of the USSR dated May 16, 1989 No. 78.

Urban-type settlements (urban, workers, resorts) should be designed according to the standards established for small towns with the same estimated population.

Settlements with enterprises and facilities located outside cities that do not have the status of urban-type settlements should be designed according to departmental regulatory documents, and in their absence, according to the standards established for rural settlements with the same estimated population.

Note. When designing urban and rural settlements, one should

provide for civil defense measures in accordance with

requirements of special regulations.

1. DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT

AND GENERAL ORGANIZATION OF THE TERRITORY OF URBAN

AND RURAL SETTLEMENTS

As a rule, the estimated period should be up to 20 years, and the urban planning forecast can cover 30-40 years.

1.4. Urban and rural settlements, depending on the design population for the estimated period, are divided into groups in accordance with Table. one.

Table 1

Settlement groups	Population, thousand people
		Rural settlements
The largest







1 The group of small towns includes urban-type settlements.

1.7. Taking into account the predominant functional use, the territory of the city is divided into residential, industrial and landscape-recreational.

The residential area is intended: to accommodate the housing stock, public buildings and structures, including research institutes and their complexes, as well as individual communal and industrial facilities that do not require the construction of sanitary protection zones; for the arrangement of intracity communications, streets, squares, parks, gardens, boulevards and other public places.

The production area is intended to accommodate industrial enterprises and related facilities, complexes of scientific institutions with their pilot production facilities, utility and storage facilities, external transport facilities, extra-urban and suburban communication routes.

The landscape and recreational area includes urban forests, forest parks, forest protection zones, reservoirs, agricultural land and other lands, which, together with parks, gardens, squares and boulevards located in the residential area, form a system of open spaces.

In historical cities, it is necessary to allocate zones (districts) of historical buildings.

Notes: 1. Subject to sanitary and hygienic and other requirements

to the joint placement of objects of different functional purposes

creation of multifunctional zones is allowed.

2. In areas exposed to dangerous and catastrophic natural

phenomena (earthquakes, tsunamis, mudflows, floods, landslides and landslides),

zoning of the territory of settlements should be provided taking into account

reduce the degree of risk and ensure the sustainability of operation. AT

areas with the highest risk should be placed parks, gardens, open

sports grounds and other free from building elements.

In seismic regions, the functional zoning of the territory should

provide for on the basis of microzoning according to seismicity conditions. At

In this case, areas with less seismic activity should be used for building

in accordance with the requirements of SN 429-71.

3. In areas with difficult engineering and geological conditions for development

it is necessary to use areas that require less engineering costs

preparation, construction and operation of buildings and structures.

Notes*: 1. In seismic regions, it is necessary to provide

dissected planning structure of cities and dispersed location

objects with a large concentration of the population, as well as fire and explosion hazardous.

2. Historical cities should be preserved in every possible way

historical planning structure and architectural appearance,

provide for the development and implementation of programs for the integrated

reconstruction of historical zones, restoration of historical and cultural monuments.

3. When planning and building urban and rural settlements, it is necessary

provide conditions for the full life of the disabled and

sedentary groups of the population in accordance with the requirements of VSN 62-91,

approved by the State Committee for Architecture.

1.9. In the largest and largest cities, it is necessary to ensure the integrated use of underground space for the interconnected placement of urban transport facilities, trade enterprises, public catering and public utilities, individual entertainment and sports facilities, utility and auxiliary premises of administrative, public and residential buildings, objects of systems engineering equipment, industrial and municipal storage facilities for various purposes.

1.10. In the territories adjacent to cities, suburban areas should be provided for their use as reserves for the subsequent development of cities and the placement of economic services, and as part of suburban areas - green areas intended for organizing recreation for the population, improving the microclimate, the state of atmospheric air and sanitary conditions. hygiene conditions.

1.11. The placement of subsidiary farms of enterprises, organizations and institutions, as well as plots for collective gardens and orchards, should be provided, as a rule, on the territory of a suburban area. Objects of housing and civil construction of subsidiary farms, as a rule, should be placed on the territories of existing rural settlements.

2. RESIDENTIAL TERRITORY

2.1*. The planning structure of the residential territory of urban and rural settlements should be formed taking into account the interconnected placement of zones of public centers, residential development, street and road network, landscaped areas for common use, as well as in conjunction with the planning structure of the settlement as a whole, depending on its size and natural features of the territory .

To preliminarily determine the need for a residential area, aggregated indicators per 1000 people should be taken: in cities with an average number of storeys of residential buildings up to 3 floors - 10 hectares for buildings without land plots and 20 hectares - for buildings with plots; from 4 to 8 floors - 8 hectares; 9 floors and above - 7 hectares.

For areas north of 58° N, as well as climatic subregions IA, IB, IG, ID and IIA, these indicators may be reduced, but not more than 30%.

Note. The residential area in cities must be divided into

areas of not more than 250 ha with highways or green belts

plantations with a width of at least 100 m.

2.2. When determining the size of a residential area, one should proceed from the need to provide each family with a separate apartment or house. Estimated housing provision is determined differentially for cities in general and their individual districts on the basis of forecast data on the average family size, taking into account the types of residential buildings used, planned volumes of housing construction, and the share of the fund built at the expense of the population. The total area of apartments should be calculated in accordance with the requirements.

2.3*. Placement of individual construction in cities should include:

in the territories of suburban zones - in reserve territories included in the city limits; in new and developing settlements located within the transport accessibility of the city 30-40 min.

Areas of individual estate development in cities should not be placed in the main directions of development of multi-storey construction in the future.

Landscaping, landscaping and engineering equipment of the territory, placement of institutions and enterprises serving everyday use should be provided for in areas of individual development.

COMMUNITY CENTERS

2.4. In cities, a system of public centers should be formed, including a city center, centers of planning areas (zones), residential and industrial areas, recreation areas, shopping and household centers for everyday use, as well as specialized centers (medical, educational, sports, etc.) allowed to be placed in the suburban area.

Note. The number, composition and location of community centers are accepted

taking into account the size of the city, its role in the system of settlement and functional

planning organization of the territory. In the largest and largest cities, and

also in cities with a dissected structure, a citywide center, like

usually supplemented by sub-centers of urban significance. in small towns and

rural settlements, as a rule, a single public center is formed,

supplemented by objects of daily use in residential development.

2.5. In the city center, depending on its size and planning organization, systems of interconnected public spaces (main streets, squares, pedestrian zones) that form the core of the city center should be formed.

RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT

2.6. When designing residential development, as a rule, two main levels of structural organization of a residential area are distinguished:

microdistrict (block) - a structural element of residential development with an area, as a rule, of 10-60 hectares, but not more than 80 hectares, not divided by main streets and roads, within which institutions and enterprises of everyday use are located with a service radius of not more than 500 m (except schools and preschool institutions, the service radius of which is determined in accordance with Table 5 of these standards); boundaries, as a rule, are main or residential streets, driveways, pedestrian paths, natural boundaries;

residential area - a structural element of a residential area with an area, as a rule, from 80 to 250 hectares, within which institutions and enterprises are located with a service radius of not more than 1500 m, as well as part of objects of urban significance; borders, as a rule, are insurmountable natural and artificial boundaries, main streets and roads of citywide significance.

Notes: 1. Residential area is usually the object of development

a detailed planning project, and a microdistrict (quarter) - a development project.

Refer the designed object to one of the levels of structural organization

residential area should be in the design assignment.

2. In small towns and rural settlements with a compact planning

structure, the entire residential area can be a residential area.

3. In the area of historical buildings, elements of structural organization

residential area are quarters, groups of quarters, ensembles of streets

and squares.

2.7. The number of storeys of residential development is determined on the basis of technical and economic calculations, taking into account architectural and compositional, social, hygienic, demographic requirements, features of the social base and the level of engineering equipment.

Note. For cities located in areas with seismic activity of 7-9 points,

as a rule, one-, two-section residential buildings with a height of not

more than 4 floors, as well as low-rise buildings with household and

residential areas. Location and number of storeys of residential and public buildings

must be provided taking into account the requirements * and SN 429-71.

2.8. During the reconstruction of areas with a predominance of the existing capital residential development, it is necessary to provide for the streamlining of the planning structure and the network of streets, the improvement of the system of public services, landscaping and landscaping, the maximum preservation of the originality of the architectural appearance of residential and public buildings, their modernization and overhaul, restoration and adaptation for modern use. monuments of history and culture.

2.9*. Entrances to the territory of microdistricts and quarters, as well as through passages in buildings should be provided at a distance of no more than 300 m from one another, and in reconstructed areas with perimeter development - no more than 180 m. at least 50 m from the stop line of intersections. At the same time, there must be at least 20 m to a public transport stop.

Neighborhoods and quarters with buildings of 5 floors and above, as a rule, are served by two-lane, and with buildings up to 5 floors - by single-lane driveways.

Dead-end driveways should be no more than 150 m long and end with turntables that provide the possibility of turning garbage trucks, cleaning and fire trucks.

Note*. To detached residential buildings with a height of no more than 9 floors,

as well as to objects visited by disabled people, it is allowed to arrange driveways,

combined with sidewalks with a length of not more than 150 m and a total width

not less than 4.2 m, and in low-rise (2-3 floors) buildings with a width of at least

2.10*. The size of homestead (near-apartment) land plots allocated in cities for an individual house or for one apartment should be taken in accordance with the procedure established by local authorities.

2.11. The area of the green area of the microdistrict (quarter) should be taken as at least 6 sq.m/person. (excluding areas of schools and preschool institutions).

For parts of the climatic subdistricts IA, IB, IG, ID and IIA, located north of 58 ° N, the total area of the green area of the microdistricts may be reduced, but taken at least 3 sq. m / person, and for parts of the climatic subdistricts IA, IG, ID, IIA south of 58° N and subareas IB, IIB and IIB north of 58°N. - not less than 5 sq.m/person.

Note. In the area of individual sections of the green area of the microdistrict

areas for recreation, for children's games, footpaths, if they are

occupy no more than 30% of the total area of the site.

2.12*. Distances between residential, residential and public, as well as industrial buildings should be taken on the basis of insolation and illumination calculations in accordance with the insolation standards given in clause 9.19 of these standards, the illumination standards given in SNiP II-4-79 (replaced by), and also in accordance with the fire safety requirements given in mandatory Appendix 1.

Notes *: 1. In areas of estate development, the distance from the windows of residential

rooms (rooms, kitchens and verandas) to the walls of the house and outbuildings

(barn, garage, bathhouse) located on neighboring land plots, according to

sanitary and living conditions should be at least, as a rule, 6 m; a

distance to the barn for livestock and poultry - in accordance with clause 2.19 * of these

norms. Outbuildings should be placed from the boundaries of the site to

distance of at least 1 m.

2. It is allowed to block outbuildings on adjacent household plots

land plots by mutual agreement of the homeowners, taking into account the requirements,

given in mandatory annex 1.

2.13. When designing residential development, it is necessary to provide for the placement of sites, the dimensions of which and the distances from them to residential and public buildings should be taken not less than those given in Table. 2.

table 2

Venues	Specific dimensions of sites, sq.m/person	Distances from sites to windows of residential and public buildings, m
For games of children of preschool and primary school age
For adult recreation
For physical education
For household purposes and dog walking		20 (for business purposes) 40 (for dog walking)
For car parking		According to the table ten
Notes: 1. Distances from playgrounds for physical education are set depending on their noise characteristics; distances from areas for drying clothes are not standardized; the distance from the sites for garbage collectors to sports grounds, playgrounds for children's games and recreation for adults should be taken at least 20 m, and from sites for household purposes to the most remote entrance to a residential building - no more than 100 m. 2. It is allowed to reduce, but not more than by 50%, the specific dimensions of the playgrounds: for children's games, adult recreation and physical education in climatic subregions IA, IB, IG, ID, IIA and IVA, IVG, in areas with dust storms, provided creation of closed structures for economic purposes in the development of residential buildings of 9 floors and above; for physical education in the formation of a single sports and recreation complex of the microdistrict for schoolchildren and the population.

2.14. Residential buildings with apartments on the first floors should be located, as a rule, indented from the red lines. Along the red line it is allowed to place residential buildings with built-in ground floors or attached public premises, and on residential streets in the conditions of reconstruction of the existing development - and residential buildings with apartments on the ground floors.

In estate development areas, residential buildings can be located along the red line of residential streets in accordance with established local traditions.

2.15. When designing residential development in cities, the estimated population density in the territory of a residential area and microdistrict, people / ha, should be taken in accordance with regional (republican) standards, taking into account the recommended Appendix 4.

At the same time, the estimated population density of microdistricts, as a rule, should not exceed 450 people/ha.

RESIDENTIAL TERRITORY OF RURAL SETTLEMENT

2.16. The residential area of a rural settlement should not be crossed by motor roads of categories I, II and III, as well as roads intended for the movement of agricultural vehicles and cattle driving.

2.17. In rural settlements, it is necessary to provide mainly one-, two-apartment residential houses of the estate type, multi-apartment blocked houses with land plots near apartments, as well as (with appropriate justification) sectional houses up to 4 floors high.

2.18*. In rural settlements, the size of the land plot attached to a house (apartment) is determined by the design task according to local conditions, taking into account the demographic structure of the population, depending on the type of house. The maximum size of land plots for individual housing construction and personal subsidiary plots is established by local authorities.

2.19*. Sheds for livestock and poultry should be provided at a distance from the windows of the living quarters of the house: single or double - at least 15 m, up to 8 blocks - at least 25 m, over 8 to 30 blocks - at least 50 m, over 30 blocks - at least 100 m. Groups of sheds located within the residential area should contain no more than 30 blocks each.

For residents of sectional houses, outbuildings for livestock are allocated outside the residential area; with sectional houses, it is allowed to install built-in or free-standing collective underground storage facilities for agricultural products, the area of \u200b\u200bwhich is determined by regional (territorial) building codes, and in their absence, by the design task.

The building area of interlocked livestock sheds should not exceed 800 sq.m. The distance between groups of sheds should be taken according to Table. 1* mandatory application 1*.

Notes: 1. The size of outbuildings located in rural

settlements on the adjacent plots, in the state, individual

and cooperative construction should be taken in accordance with

2. It is allowed to add a utility shed (including for livestock

and birds) to a manor or semi-detached house in compliance with the requirements

2.20. For a preliminary determination of the required residential area of a rural settlement, it is allowed to take the following indicators for one house (apartment), ha, during development:

manor-type houses with plots

at the house (apartment) area, sq.m:


	. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
	. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
	. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
	. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
	. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
	. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

sectional houses without plots

for an apartment with the number of floors:

	. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
	. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
	. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notes: 1. The lower limit is accepted for large and large settlements,

upper - for medium and small.

2. When organizing separate economic driveways for driving livestock

the residential area is increased by 10%.

3. When calculating the area of a residential area, unsuitable

for building up the territory - ravines, steep slopes, rocky ledges,

main irrigation canals, mudflows, land plots

institutions and service enterprises of inter-settlement significance.

2.21*. The population density in the residential area of a rural settlement, people/ha, is established by regional (territorial) building codes, and in their absence, it is adopted in accordance with the recommended Appendix 5.

3. PRODUCTION TERRITORY

INDUSTRIAL ZONE (DISTRICT)

3.1. Industrial enterprises, as a rule, should be located on the territory of industrial zones (districts) as part of groups of enterprises (industrial hubs) with common auxiliary industries or infrastructure facilities, and in rural settlements as part of industrial zones.

3.2. When placing industrial zones (districts), it is necessary to ensure their rational relationship with residential areas with minimal time spent on labor movements.

The size and degree of intensity of use of the territory of industrial zones (districts) should be taken depending on the conditions for their placement in the structure of the city and the urban development value of various sections of its territory, providing for multi-storey construction and the use of underground space.

3.3. The functional and planning organization of industrial zones should, as a rule, be provided in the form of panels and blocks of main and auxiliary industries, taking into account the industry characteristics of enterprises, sanitary and hygienic and fire safety requirements for their location, freight turnover and modes of transport, as well as the sequence of construction.

At the same time, it is necessary to form an interconnected system of servicing employees at enterprises and the population of residential areas adjacent to the industrial zone.

3.4. The territory occupied by the sites of industrial enterprises and other production facilities, institutions and service enterprises should, as a rule, be at least 60% of the entire territory of the industrial zone (district).

Notes: 1. Employment of the territory of the industrial zone (district)

is defined as a percentage as the ratio of the sum of industrial sites

enterprises and related facilities within the fence (or when

in the absence of a fence - within the conditional boundaries corresponding to it), as well as

service establishments, including the area occupied by railway

stations, to the general territory of the industrial zone (district), defined

master plan of the city. Occupied territories must include reserve

sites on the site of the enterprise, scheduled in accordance with the assignment for

design for placing buildings and structures on them.

2. The standard size of the site of an industrial enterprise is accepted

equal to the ratio of its built-up area to the indicator of standard density

building sites of industrial enterprises in accordance with.

3.5*. Within the residential area of urban and rural settlements, it is allowed to place industrial enterprises that do not emit harmful substances, with non-flammable and non-explosive production processes, which do not create noise exceeding the established norms, and do not require the construction of railway access roads. At the same time, the distance from the boundaries of the site of an industrial enterprise to residential buildings, areas of preschool institutions, secondary schools, health care and recreation institutions should be taken at least 50 m.

If it is impossible to eliminate harmful influence of an enterprise located within a residential area, the environment should provide for a reduction in capacity, a re-profiling of an enterprise or a separate production facility, or its relocation outside the residential area.

3.6*. Sanitary protection zones should be provided if, after carrying out all technical and technological measures for the purification and neutralization of harmful emissions, noise reduction, the maximum permissible levels of concentration of harmful substances in the residential area and the maximum permissible noise levels are not provided.

The dimensions of such zones should be established in accordance with the current sanitary standards for the location of industrial enterprises and the Method for calculating the concentration in the atmospheric air of harmful substances contained in the emissions of enterprises, approved by the USSR State Committee for Hydrometeorology, as well as taking into account the requirements for noise protection and other requirements given in Sec. 9 of these rules.

Notes*: 1. Health-improving, sanitary-hygienic, construction

and other activities related to environmental protection in the adjacent

to the enterprise of the contaminated territory, including the arrangement of sanitary

protection zones are carried out at the expense of an enterprise that has harmful

2. For facilities for the manufacture and storage of explosives,

materials and products based on them should provide for prohibited

(dangerous) zones and areas. The size of these zones and areas and the possibility

construction in them are determined by special regulatory documents,

approved in the prescribed manner, and in agreement with the authorities

state supervision, ministries and departments, in charge of

which the specified objects are located. Forbidden (dangerous) buildings

zones of residential, public and industrial buildings are not allowed. AT

in case of special need, the construction of buildings, structures and other

objects in the restricted area may be permitted in each

specific cases in the manner specified in the Regulation on the establishment

prohibited zones and areas at arsenals, bases and warehouses, approved in

in the prescribed manner.

3.7. Industrial areas separated from residential areas by a sanitary protection zone more than 1000 m wide should not include enterprises with a sanitary protection zone up to 100 m, especially food and light industry enterprises.

3.8. In the sanitary protection zone it is not allowed to place residential buildings, children's preschool institutions, comprehensive schools, healthcare and recreation institutions, athletic facilities, gardens, parks, horticultural associations and kitchen gardens.

3.9. The minimum area of landscaping of sanitary protection zones should be taken depending on the width of the zone,%:

Up to 300 m ............................. 60

St. 300 to 1000 m....................... 50

St. 1000 to 3000 m...................... 40

On the side of the residential area, it is necessary to provide a strip of tree and shrub plantations with a width of at least 50 m, and with a zone width of up to 100 m - at least 20 m.

3.10. The construction of dumps, sludge reservoirs, tailings, waste and refuse from enterprises is allowed only if it is justified that their disposal is impossible; at the same time, for industrial areas and units, as a rule, centralized (group) dumps should be provided. Sites for them should be located outside the enterprises and the II belt of the zone of sanitary protection of underground water sources in compliance with sanitary standards, as well as safety standards or rules approved or agreed with the Gosstroy of Russia.

SCIENTIFIC AND RESEARCH AND PRODUCTION ZONE (DISTRICT)

3.11. On the territory of the scientific and scientific-production zone, institutions of science and scientific service, pilot production and related higher and secondary educational institutions, institutions and service enterprises, as well as engineering and transport communications and structures should be located.

Note. Composition of the scientific and scientific-industrial zone and conditions

location of individual research institutes and pilot plants should be determined taking into account

factors of influence on the environment.

3.12. The number of employees of the research and production zone located within the residential area should not exceed 15 thousand people.

3.13. The size of land plots of scientific institutions should be taken (per 1000 sq.m of total area), ha, not more than:

natural and technical sciences.... 0,14-0,2

Social Sciences .................. 0.1-0.12

Notes: 1. The above norm does not include experimental fields, polygons,

reserve territories, sanitary protection zones.

2. Smaller values of indicators should be taken for the largest and

large cities and for conditions of reconstruction.

UTILITIES AND WAREHOUSE ZONE (DISTRICT)

3.14. On the territories of communal storage zones (districts) it is necessary to place enterprises of the food (food flavor, meat and dairy) industry, general goods (food and non-food), specialized warehouses (refrigerators, potato, vegetable, fruit storage), public utilities, transport and consumer services the population of the city.

A system of warehouse complexes that are not directly related to the daily services of the population should be formed outside the large and largest cities, bringing them closer to the nodes of external, mainly railway transport.

Outside the territory of cities and their green zones, in separate storage areas of the suburban zone, in compliance with sanitary, fire and special standards, dispersed placement of warehouses of state reserves, warehouses of oil and oil products of the first group, oil and oil products transshipment bases, warehouses of liquefied gases, warehouses of explosives should be provided. materials and basic warehouses of potent toxic substances, basic warehouses for food, fodder and industrial raw materials, timber transshipment bases, basic warehouses for timber and building materials.

Notes: 1. For small towns and rural settlements,

provide for centralized warehouses serving a group of settlements,

locating such warehouses mainly in district centers or

station settlements.

2. In areas with limited territorial resources and valuable

agricultural land is allowed if there are worked out mining

workings and subsoil plots suitable for placing objects in them,

carry out the construction of storage facilities for food and industrial

goods, valuable documents, distribution refrigerators and other

objects that require sustainability to external influences and

operational reliability.

3.15*. The size of land plots of warehouses intended for serving settlements may be taken at the rate of 2 sq.m per person in the largest and largest cities, taking into account the construction of multi-storey warehouses, and 2.5 sq.m - in other settlements.

In resort cities, the size of communal storage areas for serving patients and vacationers should be taken at the rate of 6 sq.m per one treated or vacationer, and in the case of placing greenhouses and greenhouses in these areas - 8 sq.m.

In cities, the total area of collective storage facilities for agricultural products is determined at the rate of 4-5 square meters per family. The number of families using storage facilities is set by the design task.

The dimensions of land plots, areas, capacity of general and specialized warehouses for storing vegetables, potatoes and fruits, fuel and building materials can be taken in accordance with the recommended Appendix 6.

Note. Dimensions of sanitary protection zones for potatoes, vegetables and

fruit storage should be taken 50 m.

PRODUCTION ZONE OF RURAL SETTLEMENT

3.16. When placing agricultural enterprises, buildings and structures, the minimum allowable distances between them should be assigned based on sanitary, veterinary and fire safety requirements and technological design standards. The building density of sites of agricultural enterprises must be at least specified in.

3.17. Power transmission lines, communications and other linear structures of local importance should be placed along the boundaries of crop rotation fields along roads, forest belts, existing routes in such a way as to ensure free access to communications from the territory not occupied by agricultural land.

3.18*. The production area, as a rule, should not be crossed by railways or roads of the general network.

When placing agricultural enterprises and other facilities, it is necessary to provide for measures to prevent pollution of soils, surface and groundwater, surface watersheds, water bodies and atmospheric air, taking into account the requirements of clause 3.6 * and section. 9 of these rules.

4. LANDSCAPE AND RECREATION AREA

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND GARDEN CONSTRUCTION

4.1. In urban and rural settlements, it is necessary to provide, as a rule, a continuous system of green areas and other open spaces. The proportion of green areas for various purposes within the city development (the level of greenery of the building area) must be at least 40%, and within the boundaries of the residential area at least 25% (including the total area of the green area of the microdistrict).

Notes: 1. In tundra, forest-tundra zones. desert and semi-desert level

landscaping of the territory within the building should be established in

in accordance with local regulations.

2. In cities with enterprises that require the installation of sanitary protection

zones with a width of more than 1 km, the level of greenery of the development area should

increase by at least 15%.

4.2. The area of landscaped areas for common use - parks, gardens, squares, boulevards, located on the residential territory of urban and rural settlements, should be taken according to Table. 3.

In the largest, large and large cities, existing tracts of urban forests should be converted into urban forest parks and attributed to them in addition to those indicated in Table. 3 green areas of common use based on the calculation of no more than 5 sq.m / person.

Table 3

landscaped	Area of green areas, sq.m/person
common areas	largest, large and large cities	medium cities	small towns	rural settlements
Citywide residential areas
* In parentheses are the sizes for small towns with a population of up to 20 thousand people. Notes: 1. For resort cities, the given norms of citywide green areas for common use should be increased, but not more than 50%. 2. The area of green areas for common use in settlements may be reduced for the tundra and forest-tundra to 2 sq. m / person; semi-deserts and deserts - by 20-30%; increase for the steppe and forest-steppe by 10-20%. 3. In medium, small towns and rural settlements located surrounded by forests, in the coastal zones of large rivers and reservoirs, the area of green areas for common use may be reduced, but not more than by 20%.

4.3. Large parks and forest parks with a width of 0.5 km or more should make up at least 10% of the structure of green areas for common use.

The time of accessibility of city parks should be no more than 20 minutes, and for parks of planning areas - no more than 15 minutes.

Note. In seismic areas, it is necessary to provide free access

parks, gardens and other green areas of common use, not allowing

installation of fences from residential areas.

4.4. The estimated number of one-time visitors to the territory of parks, forest parks, forests, green areas should be accepted, people / ha, not more than:

for city parks .......................... 100

" Recreational parks ........................ 70

" resort parks .......................... 50

"forest parks (meadow parks, hydroparks) ...... 10

" scaffolding ................................. 1-3

Notes: 1. In the zone of deserts and semi-deserts, these norms should be

decrease by 20%.

2. With the number of one-time visitors 10-50 people / ha, it is necessary

provide for a road and path network to organize their movement, and on

edges of glades - soil-protective plantings, with the number of one-time visitors

50 people/ha and more - measures to transform the forest landscape into

park.

4.5. In the largest, large and large cities, along with parks of urban and regional significance, it is necessary to provide for specialized - children's, sports, exhibition, zoological and other parks, botanical gardens, the size of which should be taken according to the design assignment.

Approximate dimensions of children's parks may be taken at the rate of 0.5 sq. m / person, including playgrounds and sports facilities, the calculation standards for which are given in the recommended Appendix 7*.

4.6. In territories with a high degree preservation of natural landscapes that have aesthetic and cognitive value, national and natural parks should be formed. The architectural and spatial organization of national and natural parks should provide for the use of their territory for scientific, cultural, educational and recreational purposes, with the allocation, as a rule, of protected, protected recreational, recreational and economic zones.

4.7. When placing parks and gardens, areas with existing plantations and water bodies should be preserved as much as possible.

The area of the territory of parks, gardens and squares should be taken, ha, not less than: city parks - 15, parks of planning areas - 10, gardens of residential areas - 3, squares - 0.5; for reconstruction conditions, the area of squares can be smaller.

In the general balance of the territory of parks and gardens, the area of green areas should be taken at least 70%.

For cities in the tundra and forest-tundra zone, gardens and squares with an area of up to 1-1.5 hectares, as well as winter gardens in buildings, should be provided mainly.

4.8. During the construction of parks in floodplain areas, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of Sec. 8 of these rules and .

4.9. Boulevards and pedestrian alleys should be provided in the direction of mass flows of pedestrian traffic. The placement of the boulevard, its length and width, as well as the place in the cross profile of the street should be determined taking into account the architectural and planning solution of the street and its development. On boulevards and pedestrian alleys, areas for short-term rest should be provided.

The width of boulevards with one longitudinal pedestrian alley should be taken, m, not less, placed:

along the axis of the streets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . eighteen

on one side of the street between

roadway and buildings. . . . . . . . . ten

4.10. Green areas for common use should be landscaped and equipped with small architectural forms: fountains and pools, stairs, ramps, retaining walls, gazebos, lamps, etc. The number of lamps should be determined according to the norms of illumination of the territories.

4.11. The road network of landscape and recreational areas (roads, alleys, paths) should be traced, if possible, with minimal slopes in accordance with the directions of the main pedestrian routes and taking into account the definition shortest distances to stopping points, playgrounds and sports grounds. The width of the track must be a multiple of 0.75 m (width of the lane for one person).

Covering sites, road and footpath network within the landscape and recreational areas should be used from tiles, crushed stone and other durable mineral materials, allowing the use of asphalt pavement in exceptional cases.

4.12. Distances from buildings, structures, as well as objects of engineering improvement to trees and shrubs should be taken according to Table. four.

Table 4

Building, construction, facility of engineering improvement	Distances, m, from the building, structure, object to the axis
	tree trunk	shrub
The outer wall of the building and structure
The edge of the tramway
Sidewalk and garden path
The edge of the carriageway of the streets, the edge of the reinforced strip of the road shoulder or the edge of the ditch
Mast and support of the lighting network, tram, bridge support and overpass
Slope base, terraces, etc.
Toe or inner face of a retaining wall
Underground networks: gas pipeline, sewerage
heat network (wall of a channel, tunnel or shell with channelless laying)
plumbing, drainage
power cable and communication cable
Notes: 1. The given norms refer to trees with a crown diameter of not more than 5 m and should be increased for trees with a crown of a larger diameter. 2. Distances from overhead power lines to trees should be taken according to the rules for electrical installations. 3. Trees planted near buildings should not interfere with insolation and illumination of residential and public premises within the requirements set forth in Sec. 9 of these rules.

4.13. In the green areas of cities, nurseries of trees and shrubs and flower and greenhouse farms should be provided, taking into account the provision of planting material for a group of urban and rural settlements. The nursery area must be at least 80 hectares.

The area of nurseries should be taken at the rate of 3-5 sq. m / person. depending on the level of provision of the population with landscaped areas for common use, the size of sanitary protection zones, the development of gardening associations, the characteristics of natural, climatic and other local conditions. The total area of flower and greenhouse farms should be taken at the rate of 0.4 sq. m / person.

RECREATION AND SPA

4.14. Placement of zones of mass short-term recreation should be provided taking into account the accessibility of these zones by public transport, as a rule, no more than 1.5 hours.

The size of the territories of recreation areas should be taken at the rate of 500-1000 sq.m per visitor, including the intensively used part of it for active recreation should be at least 100 sq.m per visitor. The area of the site of the zone of mass short-term recreation should be taken at least 50 hectares, in the zone of deserts and semi-deserts - at least 30 hectares.

Recreation areas should be located at a distance from sanatoriums, pioneer camps, preschool sanatorium and health institutions, gardening associations, highways common network and railways at least 500 m, and from rest houses - at least 300 m.

4.15. The size of car parks located at the borders of forest parks, recreation areas and resort areas should be determined according to the design assignment, and in the absence of data, according to the recommended Appendix 9.

4.16. The resort area should be located in areas with natural healing factors, the most favorable microclimatic, landscape and sanitary and hygienic conditions. Sanatorium-resort and health-improving institutions, recreation and tourism institutions, institutions and enterprises serving patients and vacationers, forming public centers, including a general resort center, resort parks and other green areas of common use, beaches, should be located within its boundaries.

4.17. When designing resort areas, the following should be considered:

placement of sanatorium-and-spa facilities for long-term recreation in areas with acceptable noise levels; children's sanatorium-resort and health-improving institutions isolated from institutions for adults with their separation by a strip of green spaces at least 100 m wide;

removal of industrial and communal storage facilities, residential buildings and public buildings not related to servicing patients and vacationers;

restriction of traffic and complete exclusion of transit traffic flows.

The placement of residential buildings for the resettlement of service personnel of sanatorium-resort and health-improving institutions should be provided outside the resort area, provided that the time spent on moving to work places is within 30 minutes.

4.18. Homogeneous and close in profile sanatorium-resort and health-improving institutions located within resort areas, as a rule, should be combined into complexes, ensuring the centralization of medical, cultural, community and household services into a single architectural and spatial solution.

4.19. The distance from the borders of land plots of newly designed sanatorium-resort and health-improving institutions should be taken, m, not less than:

to residential buildings of public utilities and warehouses (in conditions of reconstruction at least 100 m) .................................................. ................................................
to highways of categories: I, II, III ............................................... ...............
IV ................................................. .................
to horticultural associations ..........

4.20*. The size of the common areas of the resort areas should be established at the rate, square meters per place, in sanatorium-resort and health-improving institutions: general resort centers - 10, landscaped - 100.

Note*. In the resort areas of the established seaside, as well as mountain

resorts sizes of green areas of common use allowed

decrease, but not more than 50%.

The norms and rules apply to the design of new and reconstruction of existing urban and rural settlements and include the basic requirements for their planning and development.
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Since 07/01/2015 the document has not been updated - the updated version is valid SP 42.13330.2011 Urban planning. Planning and development of urban and rural settlements.
From 01/01/1990 to 07/01/2015 it was valid.

Instead SNiP II-60-75 Planning and development of cities, towns and rural settlements

Document approved by: Gosstroy of the USSR (State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR for Construction), Resolution No. 78 dated 05/16/1989
Date of entry into force of the document: 01/01/1990

Comment: Reissue with changes and additions.
According to are mandatory: sections 1 - 5, 6 (clauses 6.1 - 6.41, table 10 *), 7 - 9; application 2.

Since May 20, 2011, the updated version is valid SP 42.13330.2011
Clarification of the Ministry of Regional Development on the applicability of this SNiP and given in dated 15.08.2011

Table of contents.
1 The concept of development and the general organization of the territory of urban and rural settlements
2 Residential area
community centers
Residential development
Residential area of a rural settlement
3 Production area
Industrial zone (district)
Scientific and research and production zone (district)
Communal warehouse zone (district)
Industrial area of a rural settlement
4 Landscape and recreation area
Landscape architecture and landscape gardening
Recreation and resort areas
5 Institutions and service enterprises
6 Transport and road network
External transport
Network of streets and roads
Network of public passenger transport and pedestrian traffic
Structures and devices for storage and maintenance of vehicles
7 Engineering equipment
Water supply and sewerage
Sanitary cleaning
Electricity, heat, cold and gas supply, communications, broadcasting and television
Placement of engineering networks
8 Engineering preparation and protection of the territory
9 Protection of the environment, historical and cultural monuments
Security and rational use natural resources
Protection of the atmosphere, water bodies and soils from pollution
Protection against noise, vibration, electric and magnetic fields, radiation and exposure
Microclimate regulation
Protection of historical and cultural monuments
Annex 1. Mandatory. Fire requirements
Annex 2. Mandatory. Requirements for the coordination of the placement of facilities in the areas of airfields and other territories, taking into account the safety of aircraft flights
Appendix 3. Recommended. Sizes of homestead and near-apartment land plots
Annex 4. Recommended. Estimated population density of the territory of a residential area and microdistrict
Annex 5. Recommended. Estimated population density in the residential area of a rural settlement
Annex 6. Recommended. Areas and sizes of land plots of warehouses
Annex 7. Recommended. Norms for calculating institutions and service enterprises and the size of their land plots
Annex 8. Recommended. Categories and parameters of roads in suburban areas of cities and settlement systems
Annex 9. Recommended. Norms for calculating parking lots
Appendix 10. Recommended. Norms of land plots of garages and vehicle parks
Annex 11. Recommended. Standards for the accumulation of household waste
Annex 12. Recommended. Aggregated indicators of power consumption

Violation of SNIP 2.07 01 89. The concept of development and the general organization of the territory of urban and rural settlements

1. CONCEPT OF DEVELOPMENT AND GENERAL ORGANIZATION OF THE TERRITORY OF URBAN AND RURAL SETTLEMENTS

Table 1

2. RESIDENTIAL TERRITORY

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Violation of SNIP 2.07 01 89. The concept of development and the general organization of the territory of urban and rural settlements

1. CONCEPT OF DEVELOPMENT AND GENERAL ORGANIZATION OF THE TERRITORY OF URBAN AND RURAL SETTLEMENTS

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