Dneprovskaya Anna Alexandrovna
1st year student, specialty "Law and organization of social security", GOBU SPO VO "Voronezh Law College", RF, Voronezh
Darkina Anna Vladimirovna
scientific supervisor, Ph.D. ist. Sci., Lecturer, Voronezh Legal College, Voronezh, Voronezh
The study of dynasties is of considerable theoretical and practical interest for the researcher - knowledge of the features of the formation and development of the first dynasties helps to trace the patterns of the historical path of a particular state, to understand the problems and opportunities associated with this. The topic chosen for the study allows us to identify some aspects of the formation of the Polish statehood and the first dynasty that formalized it.
Stanisław Šchur's book "Historia Polski: Średniowiecze" states: "Piastowie - pierwsza historyczna dynastia panująca w Polsce od ok. 960 to 1370 roku." . (Translation: "Piasts are the first historical dynasty rulers in Poland, dating from about 960-1370.")
There is a hypothesis that the self-name of the dynasty comes from the alleged ancestor of the dynasty - Piast. In the ancient chronicles (the first Polish horns of Gall Anonymus and Kadlubka Vincentius) it is indicated that his son, grandson or great-grandson (it is not known for certain) removed from power Prince Popel, who headed one of the largest tribes of Western Slavs. Officially, the reign begins in 960, under Prince Meshko I. According to unofficial data, three more princes ruled before him: Zemovit, Leszek and Zemomysl. However, the authenticity of this information in connection with the annalistic nature of the source has been called into question.
The dynasty existed until 1370 and ended under the King of Poland, Casimir III the Great. After his death, the throne passed to the Hungarian king Louis I the Great, despite the fact that the representatives of the dynasty were still alive and also claimed power.
Consider a retrospective of the reign of the most famous princes of the Piast dynasty: Mieszko I, Boleslav I the Brave, Boleslav III Crooked Mouth, Casimir I the Restorer, Casimir III the Great.
Prince Mieszko I is the first representative of the dynasty, who ruled from about 960, as the Polish researcher Jaszyński speaks about in the book "Rodowód pierwszych Piastów": "Mieszko I - książę Polski z dynastii Piastów sprawujący władzę od ok. 960 r." .
During his reign, an active unification of the tribes of the Polans, Silesians, Masurians, Kuyavs and others, who lived in the Vistula River basin, began. The association was named after one of the names of the tribes and became Poland, as evidenced by Bazler in his Geography of the Piasts.
Let us briefly dwell on each united territory.
Kuyavia (Kujawy) - a historical region in northern Poland, between the Vistula and Notech rivers, west of Mazovia and north of Greater Poland, on the territory of the Baltic lowlands. Currently, these lands are one of the parts of the Kuyavia - Pomeranian Voivodeship, with the main city of Bydgoszcz.
Mazovia (Mazowsze) is a historical region in the center of Poland, now it is a large part of the Masovian and a little Podlasie voivodeships with the main city of Warsaw.
Silesia (Śląsk) is a historical region in the south of Poland. Traditionally, the territory of Silesia was limited by the rivers Gvizda and Beaver. Currently, it is the Silesian and Opole Voivodeship, with the main cities of Katowice and Wroclaw. Also, some small part of Silesia is in the Czech Republic.
The western meadows (Polanie Zachodnie) were the basis of the Polish people and gave it a name (as well as the country as a whole). Now it is part of the Greater Poland Voivodeship.
The prince ruled in the city of Gniezno, which is considered the very first capital of Poland and is located on the territory of the modern Greater Poland Voivodeship. Despite the constant wars and divisions of the country, the city still exists. In 966, Mieszko I adopted Western-rite Christianity (i.e., Catholicism), which became the official religion of the state. Why Catholicism? The fact is that in 965 the prince married the Czech princess Dubravka and under the influence of the Czech Republic (more precisely, in order to get closer to the Czech Republic and Western Europe), he had to convert to Catholicism. Europe did not disregard such a step and helped Mieszko I to annex Western Pomerania, which he had not been able to annex for a long time. It is impossible to ignore the fact that along with religion, writing came to Poland in Latin, and already in 968 the first diocese appeared near the glades. Under this prince, Poland acquired significant land holdings and became an important political "player" in Europe.
Of course, the country had to be in conflict with the neighboring German principalities for a long time (at one time, they even had to pay tribute for Western Pomerania). The uprisings of the Baltic Slavs and pagans in general were suppressed.
A successful ruler was the son of Mieszko I - Boleslav I the Brave (992-1025). He continued his father's policy of uniting the Polish lands. He had a fairly strong and numerous army of 20 thousand people. He subjugated small Poland with the city of Krakow and all of Silesia, conquered the Pomeranian Slavs and part of the Lusatians, captured the Cherven cities. For some time he belonged to the Czech Republic and Moravia. In 1025, the Pope awarded Bolesław the title of king and subjugated the Polish church (it had previously been subordinate to the German archbishop). The king himself was a very religious man, for which he was respected in the international arena. Active military policy then helped the prince to get rid of the tribute for the annexation of Western Pomerania.
Boleslav I in 1002 successfully took the Czech throne. More precisely, he first put Boleslav III, who was expelled from the Czech Republic, on it. However, he soon decided that he had acted irrationally and took the throne himself, ordering to deprive Boleslav III of his sight and keep him in custody for the rest of his life. Being in power, Boleslav I actively emptied the Czech treasury and built intrigues against the German king. However, the intrigues practically did not bear fruit: an uprising broke out in Prague, and in 1004 the Poles had to leave the Czech Republic.
In 1018, Boleslav undertook a campaign against Kyiv (called by his son-in-law Svyatopolk the Accursed), after which he tried to establish himself in the city. Soon, the people of Kiev began to pursue the Poles, because of which they had to retreat.
Because of the policy pursued, Poland was isolated: all the neighbors were hostile to it.
An equally prominent representative of the Piast dynasty was Casimir I the Restorer (Polish prince from 1039 to 1058), who took over the country during a severe socio-political crisis and was able to restore the state. It should be noted that Casimir tried to restore the lost status to Christianity, for which he was engaged in the construction of Catholic churches and monasteries.
The next famous representative of the Piast dynasty was Bolesław III Wrymouth, Prince of Poland from 1102 to 1138. He fought for power with his brother Zbigniew and eventually won, blinding him in 1112. Under this prince, Poland remained fragmented, which began under Vladislav I Herman.
At first, Boleslav managed to temporarily restore the political unity of Poland, but in 1138 the appanage system received legal formalization in the so-called statute of Boleslav III, according to which Poland was divided into appanages between his sons, and the eldest in the family received supreme power with the title of Grand Duke. Krakow became the capital.
During feudal fragmentation The Piast dynasty was divided into several main branches: Piastowie śląscy (Piasts of Silesia), Piastowie wielkopolscy (Piasts of Greater Poland), Piastowie małopolscy (Piasts of Lesser Poland), Piastowie mazowieccy (Piasts of Mazovia), Piastowie kujawscy (Piasts of Kuyawiec). In addition to them, there were still small branches of the dynasty that did not have significant weight in politics.
The sons of Bolesław III fought for power, losing lands, which were falling apart into smaller and smaller parts. As a result, the lands of Silesia and Pomerania were lost. Since that time, separating himself, each prince issued a personal seal with his image, thereby demonstrating his own significance and independence.
Analyzing the formation of Polish statehood and the symbolism associated with it, the Polish researcher Wojciech Gurczyk points out that the modern white eagle with a crown appeared in 1295 under Prince Przemysl II: “In the 13th century, the emblem of the Polish state appears, it is a silver eagle with a crown. Its function at that time was the personal coat of arms of the kings. There is a version that the kingdom of Przemysl II had the ideological views of the unification of Greater Poland and Pomerania. Przemysl II, who minted this image on coins from 1295, was the first to take into account the white eagle with a crown as the coat of arms of the state.” (Original quote: "W XIII w pojawia się godło państwa polskiego, jest nim srebrny orzeł ukoronowany Funkcjonuje on od tamtej pory obok herbów osobistych królów Wydaje się słuszne twierdzenie, że królestwo Przemysła II miało pod względem ideowym charakter ogólnopolski, choć faktycznie obejmowało... tereny Wielkopolski i Pomorza. Pierwszym, który używa białego orła ukoronowanego jako godła państwowego jest, więc Przemysł II, który użył tego symbolu na rewersie pieczęci majestatycznej z 1295 r.").
Returning to Boleslav III, it should be noted that he also actively intervened in civil strife in Russia and Hungary, but in both cases unsuccessfully.
The last king of Poland from the Piast dynasty was Casimir III the Great (1333-1370).
At the time of his accession to the throne, the country was in a difficult situation: neighboring countries were in difficult relations with Poland, internal state the state was no less deplorable - lack of rights, rudeness of the nobility, oppressed people, lack of education, abandoned fields, stagnation in trade.
The greatness of Casimir III lies precisely in the fact that, despite his youth, he understood the state of affairs quite quickly and outlined the only way to save the state - peace with neighbors and internal transformations. Nevertheless, he did not make empty concessions - he gave to his neighbors only what he could not protect, and what he “lay badly” took with pleasure. In addition, Casimir established a strict vertical of power, suppressed robberies and robberies organized by the gentry. Thanks to this, the streets of Polish cities became safer and trade revived somewhat.
Casimir III received the nickname "king of serfs" due to active assistance to the peasants, carrying out the reforms they needed, which by modern standards can be considered some kind of populist measures to maintain their own authority.
During his reign, parish schools were built, and the first Jagiellonian University in Poland was opened (1364), the main subject of study in which was law. Nevertheless, Casimir understood that the old law was not suitable for the modern reformed Poland and created a new one - the Statute of Wislice.
In conclusion, we can say that the development of the organism occurs as follows: birth-maturation-maturity-aging-death. If we consider the history of states from the point of view of biology, then this is exactly what happens with many countries. The Polish Piast dynasty is an exception: it was either “born” or “died”, and this happened so unpredictably that it was difficult to imagine the political balance in the state. This phenomenon, in our opinion, can be explained by the fact that only the last king of the Piast dynasty realized that, first of all, it was necessary to establish a policy within the country, and only after that to assert its authority in the international arena.
Bibliography:
- Short Course Polish history. The first rulers [ Electronic resource] - Access mode. - URL: http://www.polska.ru/polska/historia/krotki.html (accessed 27.06.2014).
- Shchaveleva N.I. Polish Latin-Language Medieval Sources M.: Nauka, 1990. - 210 p.
- Balzer O., Genealogia Piastów Kraków: Firma księgarsko-wydawnicza "Gebethner i Wolff", 1895. - 552 s.
- Górczyk W., Piastowie-orzeł, lew i smok Warszawa: Społeczny Instytut Wydawniczy Znak, 2009. - 327 s.
- Jasiński K., Rodowód pierwszych Piastów Wrocław Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1992. - 450s.
- Szczur S., Historia Polski: Średniowiecze Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, 2002. - 610 s.
Piast dynasty
From the 9th century The Poles were ruled by the Piast dynasty. From here originates the Polish nation. During the reign of the Piasts, they began to actively develop Polish language and culture.
Christianity was introduced in 966 with the baptism of Prince Mieszko I. Mieszko wisely adopted Christianity directly from Rome, thereby avoiding the forced conversion of the pagan people into the hands of the French-German Empire. The Polish Church was founded in 1000 directly under the control and protection of Rome. The first Polish king, Bolesław I the Brave, was crowned 25 years later, thus establishing the Kingdom.
Coincidentally with the later assassination of Thomas Becket by order of King Henry II, in 1079 Stanisław Bishop of Cracow was assassinated by order of King Bolesław II. This led to a series of uprisings against Bolesław, in which Stanisław played a leading role. These events set a precedent for the church being at odds with the authorities, a pattern repeated over the centuries, often with dire consequences.
In 1226, Prince Konrad of Mazov, who was attacked by the pagan Baltic tribes, turned to the Teutonic Knights for help.GermanChristian military order, which had a significant and lasting influence on Poland. The Knights eventually overran Poland and gained control of Prussian territory, leaving Poland with no access to the sea. Their architecture reached its apogee in Marienburg Castle (present-day Malbork), which is very attractive for tourists. In addition, the port of Gdansk (Danzig), which was ruled by the local Slavic dynasty, was conquered during this period. Having captured Gdansk, the Teutonic Order exterminated the local population and invited German settlers to the city.
Tatar invasion
Another strong but devastating influence came from the Tatars, who first invaded Poland in 1241. These were nomadic Mongolian tribes from Central Asia; riders armed with bows and arrows. Although they were subordinate to Genghis Khan, the Tatars operated independently, raiding Russian, Polish, Czech and Hungarian territories and returning with their booty to the desert lands of Central Asia.
The raids were swift and destructive. Villages were looted and burned, and the inhabitants fled. The Poles could not resist these armed horsemen, and the great Polish cities of Legnica and Krakow were destroyed.
The recovery process after the Tatar invasions led to the development of a number of cities, which were settled by foreign settlers. The Germans brought their traditions and culture, as well as crafts. Another national group that grew during this period were the Jews. They contributed to the economic growth of the kingdom, despite the church's dissatisfaction with the tolerance shown by King Bolesław Pius, which he guaranteed them by royal charter of 1264.
Casimir the Great
By the end of the Piast dynasty, Krakow flourished as the capital of King Casimir III (1333-1370). Better known as Casimir the Great, he became the last king of the Piast dynasty. During this period, one of the first universities in Europe was founded in Krakow. It exists today as the Jagiellonian University - one of the most prestigious educational institutions country.
In 1331, the first meeting of the Polish parliament took place. Casimir III significantly expanded the Polish borders and oversaw the writing of the first code of laws. The country, especially Krakow, prospered thanks to busy trade routes. Crossed from east to west and from north to south. They say that Casimir the Great received a wooden Poland, and left a stone one.
It was a very tidbit of a rich, fertile and densely populated territory. And the king was well aware of this. Zygmunt the Old. In order to include the Mazovian lands in the Commonwealth, the lord even planned the dynastic marriage of his daughter with one of the two legitimate heirs of Mazovia and extended his rights to inherit the throne. But what of it, if on the path of great plans it suddenly appeared, either a fatal beauty, or a rejected lover, and the whole plan ended in two corpses of blue blood ...
Mazowsze is a tasty morsel for the Polish Crown.
But let's start from the very beginning.
1503. Died by the grace of God Prince of Mazovia, Warsaw, Plotsk, Chersk (and many others) Konrad III Rudy (Red) is a representative of the glorious Piast dynasty, which stood at the origins of the formation of the State of Poland. The inconsolable wife Anna Mazovetskaya was left alone with young children: two daughters and two sons. At first, Anna acted as the "Queen Regent", but in 1516 the aristocrats forced her to transfer power to the heir to the throne - Prince Stanislav (eldest son). Stas was a specific young man. He combined courage and ignorance, courage and softness, gentry origin and vile lust. Besides, Grand Duke suffered from a very severe degree of alcoholism, which, among other things, interrupted his reign. In 1524, Stanisław Mazowiecki-Piast went on a visit to his younger brother Janusz. The young people spent the evening in “pleasant conversations about the work of minstrels, along the way discussing the problem of trout breeding in the Mazovian lakes, drinking fragrant tea from Chinese porcelain mugs” (as an author, I can afford a drop of irony and sarcasm). In short, the next morning Stas woke up in that unique state of mind and body, which in our area is commonly called "the most severe hangover." The delicate stomach completely refused to accept any food, and His Princely Majesty decided to limit himself to a modest meal, consisting of a tiny piece of roasted rooster, poured over with Malmasian vinegar.
Grand Duke of Mazovia-Piast.
Having refreshed himself and partially restored his strength, the prince went to. On the way, Stas was horrified to find that the hangover not only did not go away, but on the contrary, it intensified even more. And so, the eldest son of Anna of Mazowiecka said goodbye to life and the crown on August 8, 1524. The sudden death of the Grand Duke at first did not arouse much suspicion. But! Two years later, on March 10, 1526, the second heir to the throne of Mazovia, Prince Janusz, also suddenly died!
These two deaths ended the dynasty Piast Mazowiecki, each of which could become the legitimate heir to the Polish Crown in the event of the death of Zygmunt the Old. Talk began about the pre-planned poisoning of the brothers. Suspicion fell on a certain Katarzyna Radeevskaya, a resident.
The last Piasts.
The person in question was at the court of Princess Anna and was a very ambitious young lady. The limit of her dreams was to seduce and bring to the altar the best match in the whole country, that is, one of the Mazovian princes. At first, Katarzyna cast her eye on Stanislav, the heir to the throne. But, smart Anna, noticing what was happening, quickly excommunicated Kasya from the court. The young seductress had no choice but to use all her charming charms against younger brother- Janusha. The young, not too experienced prince fell into a trap, like a stupid fly in plum jam, and systematically visited Katarzyna in her native Radzeevichi.
Mazowsze became part of Poland.
However, the mercantile Kasa had few declarations of love. However, by and large, she didn’t care with which of the princes to twist tricks. The main thing is that this prince sits on the throne. On reflection, she came to the only logical conclusion - Stanislav stands on the way to her personal fame and fortune. So, it needs to be removed. Having learned about the fraternal visit of Stas, the smart femina immediately planned the further course of the operation. Knowing full well about the Grand Duke's passion for alcohol, she simply mixed some slow-acting poison into the drink, and then into the Malmasian vinegar. This fact is also supported by the fact that before the meal, Katarzyna strictly forbade the servants to touch drinks and food, and the next day she ordered the remains to be immediately destroyed.
The last refuge of the last Piasts.
As we already know, Stas died, and his death did not arouse suspicion in anyone. Katarzyna rubbed her soft little hands contentedly. However, to her great surprise, Janusz was by no means in a hurry with a marriage proposal. Moreover: he became somehow detached, visited her chambers less and less often, and brushed aside all questions about love, as if from an annoying midge. At this point, Kasia's typical female pride jumped up! Of course she will take revenge on him! How dare he leave her like a lewd girl!
Katarzyna turns to her old friend (only a friend?) Piotr Yordanovsky and, with tears in her eyes, asks him for help. The naive Peter, after listening to the story of the “unfortunate disgraced girl”, without hesitation decides to take revenge on the offender and even secretly gathers a company of city loafers with the aim of attacking Prince Janusz. Only now, neither Katarzyna nor Yordanovsky succeeded in bringing their plan to life. I don’t know who blabbed there, but the whole conspiracy was revealed, and its participant was arrested. Yordanovsky took all the blame at the trial and was demonstratively beheaded. But this did not save the last Piast ...
The Piasts stood at the origins of the State of Poland.
A few days later, Janusz Mazowiecki-Piast suddenly collapsed from an unknown illness. He was feverish, any food, even a sip of water, caused profuse vomiting, bloody sweat appeared through the skin. The doctors fought with all their might, but they could not save him. By all indications, it looked like poisoning with a potent poison. On March 10, 1526, two years after the death of his brother, the last representative of the male line of the glorious Piasts died.
Later it turned out that even before the story with Yordanovsky, the cunning Katarzyna agreed with the cupbearer Janusz (either by paying with money, or with something else) about poisoning the prince.
Well, what happened to the culprit of these two deaths? Well, well ... The fact is that Katarzyna Radeevska was illegitimate, but officially recognized daughter Polotsk governor. The father, of course, protected his beloved child from all the consequences of his deed, and Kasia soon married some nobleman and turned out to be such an ideal wife that she soon completely disappeared from sight.
The culprit was not even arrested.
And so, by coincidence of funny and tragic circumstances, ended the dynasty of the most powerful royal family that ever sat on the throne of the Commonwealth - the proud, unconquered and brave Piasts. All that remains for us is the traces of their great deeds, the historical route "" and the story of terrible curse that put an end to this great Polish dynasty. Mazowsze always joined the Commonwealth, on the throne of which the Jagiellons sat.
The Piasts are the first historically confirmed Polish dynasty proper. The dynasty originates from the legendary princes of the meadows. And the name of the dynasty was given by Prince Piast, who allegedly lived either in the VIII or in the IX century. However, historically reliable Piasts appear on the Polish historical arena somewhat later - only in the 10th century.
Mieszko I (960-992)
The first reliable historical ruler of Poland from this dynasty is Mieszko I, who ruled from 960 to 992. 
It must be said that the first Piast immediately made fateful decisions for the history of future Poland.
Firstly, the Poles traditionally associate the creation of the Polish state with the name of Mieszko I. It would seem that what can be on a par with an event of this magnitude? But during the reign of the first historical Piast there is another event with no less, if not more, significance for the future of Poland.
In 966 A.D. Mieszko I accepts Christianity, and according to medieval tradition, this actually means the baptism of all of Poland.
So, already at the dawn of the dynasty, the Piasts, in the person of Sack I, give Poland two of its most precious treasures - Polish state and Christian faith.
Bolesław I the Brave (992-1025)
Most significant event in the reign of the son and heir of Sack I fall on the year of his death. It was in 1025 that Bolesław I was the first of the Polish rulers to assume the royal title. This event elevates the authority of the dynasty, and, accordingly, the lands of its subordinates, to a qualitatively new level. Although against the backdrop of the accomplishments of Mieszko I, the coronation of Bolesław the Brave looks somewhat faded, it would undoubtedly adorn the chronicle of the reign of any medieval ruler.
I Lambert(1025-1031 and 1032-1034)
One of the sons of Boleslav I, who succeeded his father on the throne, continues to strengthen the dynasty. For the Middle Ages better way to achieve this goal, than a dynastic marriage, simply does not come up. And Mieszko II uses his chance to marry the granddaughter of Holy Roman Emperor Otto II. Mieszko II Lambert managed to ascend the Polish throne twice, after his brother Bezprym took it away in 1031, Mieszko regained power a year later. Power, but not title. The second time Mieszko II Lambert came to power with the title of prince.
Bezprim (1031-1032)
Polish historians give, frankly, not much space to the second son of Bolesław the Brave. But for you and me, it can be very interesting. In the early 1000s, his father sends him to a monastery, supposedly in Italy. But Bezprym not only returns to his homeland, but also with the help of Yaroslav the Wise (the one who reigned in Kyiv) sits on the Polish throne for a whole year, although in the spring of 1032 he paid for it with his life. In general, there is not so much information on this representative of the Piasts, either the brother took care of it after the return of the throne, or for some other reason, but this led to the fact that Polish historians talk about him, mainly hypotheses.
Krakus ok. 700 - approx. 750
Wanda (ruled by 12 princes) c. 750 - approx. 760
Premislav ok. 760-ca. 810
Leshko II c. 810 - approx. 815
Leshko III c. 815 - ca. 830
Popel I ca. 830-?
Vladislav I I I/VI Varnelchik 1434-1444
Casimir IV Jagiellon 1447-1492
Jan I Olbracht 1492-1501
Alexander I 1501 - 1506
Sigismund I the Old 1506-1548
Sigismund II August 1548-1572
End of a dynasty.
Rzeczpospolita (Republic), since 1569
Elected kings
Heinrich of Anjou(from 1575 - King of France Henry III) 1572-1575
Stefan Batory(prince-voivode of Transylvania) (1575-1586)
After the death of Stefan Batory, Sigismund Vasa, heir to the Swedish throne, and Archduke Maximilian of Habsburg were elected to the throne by various factions of the gentry. As a result, the party of supporters of Sigismund Vasa, led by Chancellor Jan Zamoyski, won.
Vaza dynasty, 1587-1669
Sigismund III 1587-1632
Vladislav IV/VII 1632-1648
Jan II Casimir 1648-1669
End of a dynasty.
Elected kings
With the suppression of the Vaza dynasty in 1669, the kings of the Commonwealth were elected at congresses (seims) of the gentry. Other states constantly intervened in the election process. The royal power, which was already weak, lost most of its prerogatives, which were redistributed between the Sejm, the Senate, various local sejmiks, as well as various high-ranking administrators (chancellors, hetmans, podskarbies, governors, elders, castellans).
Mikhail Vishnevetsky 1669-1674
Jan III Sobessky 1674-1696
Friedrich August I of Saxony 1696-1704
Stanislav I Leshchinsky 1704-1709
Friedrich August I (secondary) 1709-1733
Stanislaus I (re-elected but declined) 1733
Friedrich August II of Saxony 1734-1763
Stanislav II Poniatowski 1763-1795
As a result three sections Poland between Russia, Austria and Prussia, the Commonwealth ceased to exist. Once again, the Polish state was recreated as the Grand Duchy of Warsaw in 1807 by French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte.
Grand Duchy of Warsaw, 1807-1813
Friedrich August III of Saxony 1807-1813
Used materials of the book: Sychev N.V. Book of dynasties. M., 2008. p. 155-159.
Read further:
Table I Poland. Piasts(genealogical table).
Table II. Piasts. Descendants of Volodyslav II the Exile(genealogical table).
Table III. Piasts. Descendants of Mieczysław II the Old(genealogical table).
Table IV. Piasts. Descendants of Kazimierz II the Just(genealogical table).
Table V Piasts. Descendants of Volodyslav II the Exile. Princes Ratibor(genealogical table).
Table VI. Piasts. Descendants of Volodyslav II the Exile. Princes of Breslau(genealogical table).
Table VII. Piasts. Descendants of Kazimierz II the Just(Continuation). (Genealogical table).
Table VIII. Piasts. Descendants of Volodyslav II the Exile. Dukes of Glogau(genealogical table).
