The science
Of course, the oceans are vast, and the mountains are incredibly high. What's more, the 7 billion people that Earth is home to is also incredible. a large number of. But, living in this world, with a diameter of 12,742 kilometers, it is easy to forget that this is, in essence, a trifle for such a thing as space. When we look into the night sky, we realize that we are just a grain of sand in a huge infinite universe. We invite you to learn about the largest objects in space, the size of some of them is difficult for us to imagine.
1) Jupiter
The largest planet in the solar system (142,984 kilometers in diameter)
Jupiter is the most major planet our star system. Ancient astronomers named this planet after Jupiter, the father of the Roman gods. Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. The planet's atmosphere is 84 percent hydrogen and 15 percent helium. Everything else is acetylene, ammonia, ethane, methane, phosphine and water vapor.
The mass of Jupiter is 318 times the mass of the Earth, and the diameter is 11 times greater. The mass of this giant is 70 percent of the mass of all the planets in the solar system. Jupiter's volume is large enough to contain 1,300 Earth-like planets. Jupiter has 63 known moons, but most of them are incredibly small and fuzzy.
2) Sun
The largest object in the solar system (1,391,980 kilometers in diameter)
Our Sun is a yellow dwarf star, it is the most large object star system in which we exist. The Sun contains 99.8 percent of the mass of this entire system, most of the rest of the mass is Jupiter. The Sun is currently 70 percent hydrogen and 28 percent helium, with the remaining matter accounting for just 2 percent of its mass.
Over time, the hydrogen in the Sun's core turns into helium. Conditions in the Sun's core, which is 25 percent of its diameter, are extreme. The temperature is 15.6 million Kelvin and the pressure is 250 billion atmospheres. The energy of the Sun is achieved through nuclear fusion reactions. Every second, approximately 700,000,000 tons of hydrogen are converted into 695,000,000 tons of helium and 5,000,000 tons of energy in the form of gamma rays.
3) Our solar system
15*10 12 kilometers in diameter
Our solar system includes just one star, which is the central object, and nine major planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto, as well as many satellites, millions of solid asteroids and billions of icy comets.
4) Star VY Canis Major
The largest star in the universe (3 billion kilometers in diameter)
VY Big Dog It is the largest known star and one of the brightest stars in the sky. It is a red hypergiant located in the constellation Canis Major. The radius of this star is about 1800-2200 times greater than the radius of our Sun, its diameter is about 3 billion kilometers.
If this star were placed in our solar system, it would close the orbit of Saturn. Some astronomers believe that VY is actually smaller—about 600 times the size of the Sun—and therefore would only reach the orbit of Mars.
5) Huge deposits of water
Astronomers have discovered the largest and most massive reservoir of water ever found in the universe. The giant cloud, about 12 billion years old, contains 140 trillion times more water than all of Earth's oceans combined.
A cloud of gaseous water surrounds a supermassive black hole located 12 billion light-years from Earth. This discovery shows that water has dominated the universe for almost its entire existence, the researchers said.
6) Extremely large and massive black holes
21 billion solar masses
Supermassive black holes are the largest black holes in the galaxy, weighing hundreds or even thousands of millions of solar masses. Most, and possibly all, galaxies, including Milky Way, according to scientists, contain supermassive black holes at their centers.
One such monster, 21 million times the mass of the Sun, is an egg-shaped funnel of stars in NGC 4889, the brightest galaxy in the stretched cloud of thousands of galaxies. The hole is located about 336 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. This black hole is so huge that it is larger than ours in diameter. solar system 12 times.
7) Milky Way
100-120 thousand light years in diameter
Milky Way - crossed spiral galaxy, which contains 200-400 billion stars. There are many planets revolving around each of these stars.
According to some estimates, 10 billion planets are in the habitable zone, revolving around their parent stars, that is, in zones where there are all conditions for the origin of life like Earth.
8) El Gordo
The largest cluster of galaxies (2 * 10 15 solar masses)
El Gordo is located more than 7 billion light-years from Earth, so what we are seeing today is just an early stage of it. According to the researchers who have studied this galaxy cluster, it is the largest, hottest and emits the most radiation than any other known cluster at the same distance or further.
The central galaxy at the center of El Gordo is incredibly bright and has an unusual blue glow. The authors of the studies suggest that this extreme galaxy is the result of a collision and merger of two galaxies.
Using the Spitzer Space Telescope and optical imaging, scientists estimate that 1 percent of the total mass of the cluster is stars, and the rest is hot gas that fills space between the stars. This ratio of stars to gas is similar to the ratio in other massive clusters.
9) Our Universe
Size - 156 billion light years
Of course, no one could ever name the exact dimensions of the Universe, but, according to some estimates, its diameter is 1.5 * 10 24 kilometers. In general, it is difficult for us to imagine that there is an end somewhere, because the Universe includes incredibly gigantic objects:
Earth Diameter: 1.27*104km
Sun diameter: 1.39*106 km
Solar system: 2.99 * 10 10 km or 0.0032 sv. l.
Distance from the Sun to the nearest star: 4.5 sv. l.
Milky Way: 1.51*10 18 km or 160,000 sv. l.
Local group of galaxies: 3.1 * 10 19 km or 6.5 million sv. l.
Local supercluster: 1.2 * 10 21 km or 130 million sv. l.
10) Multiverse
One can try to imagine not one, but many Universes that exist at the same time. The multiverse (or the Multiple Universe) is an allowable collection of many possible universes, including our own, which together comprise everything that exists or can exist: the integrity of the cosmos, time, material matter and energy, as well as the physical laws and constants that describe it all.
However, the existence of other universes besides ours has not been proven, so it is very likely that our universe is the only one of its kind.
Tractors are real hard workers. This technique was specially created in order to help a person. sometimes it seems that its possibilities are simply endless. And the dimensions of the tractors are sometimes really impressive. In this review, 10 real giants, which in different areas can be called "the most-most-most" ...
1. Terra Variant-600
Terra Variant (manufactured by HOLMER Maschinhenbau Gmbh) is said by specialists to be the most powerful tractor in Europe, which has sufficient power reserve (Daimler engine from Mersedes-Benz, 490hp or 612hp) and a large haul volume. The tractor has large wheels (tire width more than 1m) and is designed for driving with a track offset. All this not only increases the productivity of the machine, but also significantly protects the soil. A powerful tractor has a replaceable unit, the replacement of which takes a short period of time. Attachments allow you to perform several functions at once.
Spreading of limestone, mineral fertilizers, bagasse, etc. (bunker, volume 24mᵌ with distribution up to 24m) / Application of liquid fertilizers to the soil (Zunhammer tank with possible volumes of 15,18,21mᵌ, powerful pump 9000l/min) / Soil cultivation (hitch 4 -th category makes it possible to use a wide-cut plow and a cultivator) / Sowing grain crops (bunker 21mᵌ, HORSH seeder with a working width of 18m) / Simultaneous with sowing fertilizer application (up to 25 ha / hour) / Combined with the KOCKERLING Master complex (with the possibility of carrying bunker on itself / Transportation and reloading of grain (bunker 24mᵌ, unloading auger 500mm, with a minimum load on the soil) / Transportation and reloading of beets (bunker 28mᵌ with quick unloading).
Terra Variant-600 has the following specifications. Overall dimensions: length - 10.25 m, width - 3.0 m, height - 3.98 m, center distance - 4.8 m. / Turning radius - 5.5m. / Weight - 17000kg, fuel tank, volume 830l. / Speed range - 0-40km/h. / Brakes - hydraulic. / The drive is a powershift transmission that has 18 forward gears and 6 reverse gears. / The steering wheel acts hydraulically on the front axle, while the wheels of the rear axle are controlled separately (using a joystick). / Cabin interior equipment: comfortable seats for the driver and passenger, good review, soundproofing, board computer, radio, CD., color terminal, air conditioning.
2. John Deere-9RT
The John Deere-9RT caterpillar unit, which experts call a classic in a modern design, has a weight of 21105 kg. This one-piece frame tractor with a classic layout is in no way inferior to its articulated counterparts. The John Deere 9RT is powered by a Power Tech 13.5L 616hp engine that can run smoothly even with poor quality fuel.
The tractor is equipped with special drive wheels (to improve the quality of traction with the soil) and a track leveling system. The AirCushion suspension allows the John Deere-9RT to move smoothly even over rough terrain.
3. Steiger-600 and Quadtrac-600 from Case
If the dimensions of the tractor Steiger-600 - 24494kg, Quadtrac-600 - 26308kg are not so impressive, then they have no equal in terms of power. They have powerful motors (670hp). The units have exactly the same hydraulic system (variable displacement, flow and pressure compensation) and transmission.
The only external difference is that the Steiger600 looks more impressive than the tracked Quadtrac600 because of the twin wheels.
4. Challenger-MT-975V
This unit, manufactured by the American corporation Caterpillar, is a giant serial production. The Challenger-MT-975B is an all-wheel drive tractor that has an articulated frame. It is equipped with a 600-horsepower 6-cylinder C18ACERT engine, which is certified according to Tier III requirements. The height of the tractor is 8.2m, the width is about 5m, and the operating weight is 27000kg. Challenger-MT-975B is suitable for any work that requires increased tractive effort, since the torque reserve is 42%.
5. Cameco-805BTT
The Cameco-805BTT tractor is produced in the USA (Louisiana). It has a weight of 29484kg.
It is equipped with a turbocharged 6-cylinder diesel engine, 600hp. (with liquid cooling). Number of gears: 12 forward gears and 2 reverse gears.
Tires, width 0.9m. Wheelbase - 3.84m.
6. Big Bud-747
Big Bud-747 is the world's largest tractor (in its class). Modernization in 1997 made it possible to equip the tractor with a 900 hp engine. Length - 8m, width - 6.3m.
Especially for the Big Bud-747 tires were made, the diameter of which is 2.4 m. In full gear, the weight of the tractor is 50,000 kg. It is used for deep plowing. Its use allows processing 400 hectares per day (with a plowing depth of 1.2 m) using a 30-meter plow. The tractor is equipped with pneumatic brakes and a 6+1 gearbox. Fuel consumption (at maximum) load is 246l / min.
7. Melrose-M880
This world's largest wheeled bulldozer was released in the USA (Colorado) in 1970. Its mass is 102300kg. To achieve a decent speed for such a colossus (more than 20 km / h), the Melrose-M880 was equipped with two 425 hp engines. everyone. Giant bulldozers were used in road construction and coal-fired power plants. Mass production of such machines did not become (until 1986, 10 units were produced).
8. ChTZ-T800
The Chelyabinsk tractor ChTZ-800 is recognized as the largest in Europe. This unit, weighing 106,000 kg (30% of the mass is attachments), has a length of 12.4 m and a width of 4.2 m. The ChTZ-800 is equipped with an 820hp engine, which has a gas turbine cooler and an intercooler. Number of gears: 4 forward gears and 2 reverse gears. To date, only 10 such machines have been produced, which are used in construction and for mining large volumes.
9. Caterpillar-D11-R/D11-RCD
Depending on the modification, the mass of such a bulldozer ranges from 104,000-113,000 kg.
Engine power - 850hp, and blade volume - 27.2 / 46.3mᵌ. These tractors have an excellent size/driving ratio, making them agile and fast. Caterpillar D11-R/D11-RCD are designed for all types of earthworks.
10. Komatsu-D575A
Experts call the Komatsu-D575A the "King of Quarries". This Japanese-made bulldozer is widely used in North American coal mines. A bulldozer weighing 150,000 kg easily crushes any mountain of rock. It is driven by a powerful 12-cylinder engine (1150hp), which has direct injection, turbocharging and water cooling. For 1 time Komatsu D575A holds 69mᵌ of soil. Its dimensions are: length - 12.7 m, width - more than 7 m, height - 4.87 m.
BONUS
Asso dozer
This giant in the world of bulldozers never saw the world (designed by the Italian company Asso). Motor power - 1300hp, and weight - 183000kg. Bulldozer blade - 7m (in length) and more than 2m (in height). A ripper is located at the back, the height of which is about 3 meters. A powerful hydraulic system is responsible for the control of attachments. The machine was designed in the 80s of the twentieth century (for export to Libya) to develop new territories for construction, however, due to trade embargoes imposed on the country, the finished bulldozer was never sent to the customer. Subsequently, no one has put it into operational use, and until now Asso dozer has remained unclaimed. Most likely, that it will simply be dismantled for scrap metal.
Continuing the theme of unusual technology, we have collected.
Many fighters can scare anyone with their intimidating appearance..
1. Alistair Overeem- this is the one who would not want to meet at night in the alley. His two-meter height, a scar on his face and a smirk are far from all that makes him the most intimidating fighter. In addition, he is one of the toughest, which is immediately evident in battles - he destroys his rivals to dust, fully justifying his nickname "Destroyer".
2. Would you be scared if you saw the Hulk? What if you had to fight him? Antonio Bigfoot Silva one of those strong men. He is confident and cold-blooded, which is worth his roar after the fight and his behavior in general. You will not envy his rivals.
3. Choi Hong Man called "Korean monster" or "Korean colossus". With a weight of 165 kg and a height of 2 meters 18 cm, he is one of the largest representatives of combat sports in the world. At the same time, he suffers from acromegaly, which provokes constant growth and thickening of the bones, especially in the facial part. Hong Man Choi is no longer fighting, but despite his illness, he won the 2006 K-1 Grand Prix in Seoul.
4. Emmanuel Yarborough is an American mixed martial artist and sumo wrestler. His main problem is being overweight. With a height of 2 meters, its weight is 320 kg. He made his debut as an MMA fighter in September 1994. The opponent was 180 kg lighter than Yarborough, but he failed to win this fight, but he tore his opponent's tights and knocked out the door to enter the arena. In MMA, Yarborough participated in three fights, winning one.
5. Mariusz Pudzianowski all lovers of power extreme know it, because he is the only person who managed to win the tournament "The Strongest Man in the World" 5 times. He shocked the whole world with his records, but this was not enough for him and in 2009, at the age of 32, he decided to try his hand at MMA. All skeptics said that it was just for one time, but Mariusz is still performing and showing impressive results.
6. Once a giant Bob Sapp was a tough fighter, mainly due to his intimidating appearance, and the ability to show spectacular fights. But since 2009, his career has suddenly taken a turn for the worse. Sapp stopped hitting his opponents, giving up after the first missed hit. As the fighter himself said, it became unprofitable for him to pay for expensive treatment after the fights, it was easier to enter the ring, give himself a kick and get paid for it. So he earned $10 million and retired.
7. Stefan Struve is the tallest UFC fighter and one of the tallest guys in MMA history. His height is 211 cm. Many victories were brought to him by fighting techniques, which, undoubtedly, can be attributed to his main weapon. Now he actively continues to work on improving the technique and tactics of combat, trains hard and is in excellent physical shape.
8. Pot-bellied hero Alexandru Lungu or otherwise, the “furious Romanian hippopotamus” weighs 170 kg with a height of 183 cm. Of the 17 fights held, he won in 13, and lost in 4. What can you say, its gigantic size is clearly its advantage.
9. Brock Lesnar- five-time WWE World Champion, UFC Heavyweight Champion, NJPW World Champion and NCAA Wrestling Champion; the only person in history to win titles in each of these organizations. Huge killing machine with hair like a fur seals and brutal tattoos on an immense torso - this is what one of the most popular fighters in the history of sports looks like.
10. Eric Ash better known by his nickname "Butterbean" is an American heavyweight boxer, kickboxer and mixed martial artist. Eric weighs under 200 kg, but despite this he is very fast and incredibly strong! You could see him in many modern teenage boxing simulators, for example - in the famous "Knockout Kings 2001" in his famous American flag-colored boxer shorts, as well as in the cartoons "Despicable Me" and "Octopus". He also played himself in the film "Jacks".
Did you know that in the largest city in the world lives three times more people than in Moscow, and the city itself is 32 times larger than Moscow? Read below.
No. 10. Wuhan (China) - 8,494 km²
Wuhan stands at the confluence of the Yangtze and Hanshui rivers. The territory of the metropolis of Wuhan consists of 3 parts - Wuchang, Hankou and Hanyang, which together are referred to as the "tri-city of Wuhan". These three parts stand opposite each other on different banks of the rivers, they are connected by bridges. The population of Wuhan is 10,220,000 people.
The history of the city dates back 3,000 years, when an important trading port was formed on the site of the future Wuhan. There are 8 national and 14 public colleges and universities in Wuhan.
No. 9. Kinshasa (Congo) - 9,965 km²
Kinshasa is the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, located on the Congo River. Until 1966, Kinshasa was called Leopoldville. The population of the city is 10,125,000 people.
Kinshasa is the second most populated city in Africa, after Lagos.
No. 8. Melbourne (Australia) - 9,990 km²
Melbourne is the second largest city in Australia and the capital of the state of Victoria. The metropolitan population is about 4,529,500. Melbourne is the southernmost millionaire city in the world.
Melbourne is one of the main commercial, industrial and cultural centers of Australia. Melbourne is also often referred to as the "sports and cultural capital" of the country.
The city is famous for its architecture and mix of styles. Victorian era and modernity, parks, gardens. In 2016, The Economist named Melbourne the world's most livable city for the sixth time in a row.
Melbourne was founded in 1835 as an agricultural settlement on the banks of the Yarra River.
No. 7. Tianjin (China) - 11,760 km²
Tianjin is located in northern China along the Bohai Bay. The population of the city is 15,469,500 people. The majority of the population is Han, but there are also representatives of small nationalities. These are mainly: Hui, Koreans, Manchus and Mongols.
In the 20th century, Tianjin became the locomotive of Chinese industrialization, the largest center of heavy and light industry.
No. 6. Sydney (Australia) - 12,144 km²
Sydney - The largest city Australia with a population of 4,840,600. Sydney is the capital of the state of New South Wales.
Sydney was founded in 1788 by Arthur Phillip, who arrived here at the head of the First Fleet. Sydney is the first site of colonial European settlement in Australia. The city was named in honor of Lord Sydney - Minister of the British Colonies.
The city is famous for its opera house, Harbor Bridge and beaches. Residential areas of greater Sydney are surrounded by national parks. Coastline rich in bays, bays, beaches and islands.
Sydney is one of the most multicultural and multiethnic cities in the world. Sydney ranks first in Australia and 66th in the world for cost of living.
No. 5. Chengdu (China) - 12,390 km²
Chengdu is a city-sub-province in southwestern China, in the valley of the Minjiang River, the administrative center of Sichuan Province. Population - 14,427,500 people.
The emblem of the city is an ancient gold disc "Birds of the Golden Sun", which was found in 2001 during excavations of the Jinsha culture within the city.
Chengdu is a major center of economy, trade, finance, science and technology, as well as an important center of transport and communications. Chengdu has become the main center of China's new urbanization.
No. 4. Brisbane (Australia) - 15,826 km²
Brisbane is a city in the Australian state of Queensland. The population of the city is 2,274,560 people.
The city is located in the east of Australia, on the banks of the Brisbane River and Moreton Bay. Pacific Ocean. Included in the top 100 global cities in the world.
Founded in 1825, the old name is Edenglassy. Since 1859 it has been the capital of Queensland.
No. 3. Beijing (China) - 16,801 km²
Beijing is the capital of China. It is the largest railway and road junction and one of the country's main air hubs. Beijing - political, educational and Cultural Center People's Republic of China.
Beijing is one of the four ancient capitals of China. In 2008 Beijing hosted the Summer Olympic Games. The city will host the Winter Olympics in 2022.
The population of the city is 21,705,000 people.
No. 2. Hangzhou (China) - 16,840 km²
Hangzhou is a sub-provincial city, the capital of Zhejiang Province, located 180 km southwest of Shanghai. The population of the city is 9,018,500 people.
The former name of Hangzhou - Lin'an, in the pre-Mongol era was the capital of the Southern Song dynasty and was the most populated city the then world. Now Hangzhou is famous for its tea plantations and natural beauty. The most famous place is Xihu Lake.
No. 1. Chongqing (China) - 82,400 km²
Chongqing is the largest of the four Chinese cities of central subordination in terms of area. The population of the city is 30,165,500 people.
Chongqing arose more than 3 thousand years ago. The city was the capital of the Ba kingdom and was called Jiangzhou.
Now Chongqing is one of the largest commercial centers in China. Most of the city's economy is based on industry. Main industries: chemical, machine-building and metallurgical. Chongqing is also China's largest automobile manufacturing base. There are 5 car factories and more than 400 car parts factories here.
Moscow - 2561 km2
St. Petersburg - 1439 km2
Yekaterinburg - 468 km2
Kazan - 425 km2
Novosibirsk - 505 km2
Volgograd - 565 km2
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There were times when the kings of nature were creatures much larger than us - real prehistoric giants! And one of them still lives on Earth, can you imagine?
We are in website we can't decide what we'd like to do more - ride a paraceraterium or fly a quetzalcoatl.
Amphicelia
Amphicelia is the largest animal that has ever existed on Earth. These herbivorous dinosaurs lived 145-161 million years ago. One vertebra of amphicelia was equal to 2.5 meters.
Titanoboa
Titanoboa is a close relative of the boa constrictor. But much, much more. Titanoboa lived 58-61 million years ago and reached 13 meters in length. A modern reticulated python can grow up to a maximum of 7.5 meters.
Megalodon
Megalodons were apex predators that lived 3-28 million years ago. Only one megalodon tooth can hardly fit in the hands of an adult. Its length could reach 20 meters, and its weight reached 47 tons. Megalodon bite force was equal to 10 tons!
Argentavis
Argentavis lived 5–8 million years ago. This is one of the largest birds in the history of the Earth. Its wingspan reached almost 7 meters, and it fed on rodents.
bighorn deer
Large-horned (Irish) deer appeared a couple of million years ago. When the forests began to advance on open spaces, the big-horned deer died out - with their huge (more than 5 meters in span) horns, they simply could not move among the dense branches.
Giant short-faced bear
The giant short-faced bear (bulldog bear), having straightened up, reached a height of 3.5-4.5 meters and had incredibly powerful jaws. He was one of the largest predatory mammals that lived on Earth in glacial period. Males were much larger than females and could reach a weight of 1.5 tons. 14 thousand years ago, bulldog bears became extinct.
Gigantopithecus
Gigantopithecus are the largest great apes of all time. They lived about 1 million years ago. It is difficult to draw unambiguous conclusions from rare remains, but scientists believe that Gigantopithecus was 3–4 meters tall, weighed 300–550 kg, and ate mainly bamboo.
paraceratherium
Paraceratheria (indrycoteria) lived 20–30 million years ago. They are relatives of modern rhinos, but they did not have horns. Paraceratherium is one of the largest land mammals that has ever existed. They reached 5 meters in height and weighed up to 20 tons. Despite their imposing appearance, they were not predators and fed on the leaves and branches of trees.
