invention of the needle

This small and necessary little thing appeared almost by accident. 20.000 BC. The very first needles with an eye, made from stones, bones or animal horns, were found in the territories of modern Western Europe and Central Asia about 17 thousand years ago. They became the heirs of what would now be designated as an awl.

The ancient man suddenly realized that the thread can not only be threaded into the hole formed by the awl, but also pulled. This was especially important for embroidery. It is thanks to this that needles with an eye were very widely used in ancient Egypt. They even became something of a bargaining chip, tk. it was extremely difficult to make bronze needles, and the best needles at that moment were made from this alloy. Those. the needle also became the grandmother of future metal coins.

The first iron needles were found not in the Roman, but in the Celtic area, in Manching (now Bavaria), and they belong to 3rd century BC e.

In Africa, thick veins of palm leaves served as needles, to which threads, also made from plants, were tied. It is believed that the first steel needle was made in China. During its history, the needle has practically not undergone any significant changes and is now used almost in its original form. Only its dimensions and the materials from which it is made have changed.

Mass production of needles began only in the XIV century in Nuremberg, and then in England. The very first needle was made by mechanized production in 1785. But since 1850, the British seized the monopoly, creating special machines for the production of needles.

The history of the Russian needle industry began in 1717, when Russian merchants brothers Ryumin and Sidor Tomilin built two needle factories. These needles were used by the first wife of Peter I - Evdokia Fedorovna Lopukhina, who became one of the most skilled embroiderers.

Interesting Facts:

one). A needle in a dream is a symbol of anxiety. Such a dream usually portends troubles and many worries.

2). Approximately 840 liters of water per day flows through a jet of water the width of a needle.

3). One thousand seven hundred and ninety acupuncture needles were inserted into the head and face of Chinese Wei Shengchu on March 23, 2004 in Nanning, China.

4). At the end of the needle in the sewing machine, a pressure of up to 5000 atmospheres develops. This pressure is sufficient to eject a projectile from a cannon at a speed of 2000 m/s. However, the same pressure is formed when the jaws of the pit bull terrier are compressed.

5). If space is removed from all the atoms in the human body, then what remains can fit through the eye of a needle.

With the advent of needles, people were able not only to sew stronger and more comfortable clothes, but also to decorate them with embroidery. In medicine, needles are used not only for traditional injections and droppers, but also for acupuncture.

The needle was often used and used in various pagan rites. Probably the most famous in this regard is Voodoo. This tribe uses a needle for spells. Among other things, the needle has a completely traditional use. It is indispensable for the manufacture of various things that require stitching: clothes, toys, home decoration and much more. Thus, this item is constantly present in the set of every hostess. And needlewomen have the most diverse variations of the needle. They already have a saddlery, and an embroidery, and a chenille needle.

Ludmila Chernova
Unusual stories ordinary things "History of the needle"

Extraordinary stories of ordinary things. History of the needle.

The prototype of modern pins and needles found by archaeologists during excavations of ancient burials dating back to the first millennium BC. In terms of quality and reliability, they were in no way inferior to modern models. However, these were all primitive items made of bone. The very first needles with an eye were made from stones, bones or animal horns.

In Africa needles thick veins of palm leaves served, to which threads, also made from plants, were tied.

It is believed that the first steel needle was made in China. In the same place, in the III century BC, they came up with a thimble.

Needle changed little over the centuries. Mass production needles began only in the 14th century. the very first needle with the help of mechanized production made in 1785.

The needle is that thing, which has always, at all times been in any home: both the poor man and the king. During the numerous wars that our planet is so rich in, each soldier always had his own needle, rewound thread: sew on a button, put a patch. This tradition has been preserved to this day.

After the invention of the neck machine, there was a need for machine needles. From manual needles they differ primarily in that their eye is on a sharp tip, and the blunt one is turned into a kind of pin for fixing it in a typewriter.

Needle so long and firmly entered into everyday life, it is not without reason that so many signs, paintings, legends, fairy tales and monuments:

Monument needle in a button in New York, USA,

Monument needle and thread in Milan,

Monument needle and match in Odense, Denmark.

The material was prepared by Chernova Lyudmila Albertovna

teacher-speech therapist MADOU "CRR - Kindergarten 371" Perm

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Our ancestors made needles from the bones of fish, animals, horns and Ivory. The story says that there were also stone needles, they looked more like an awl. The first steel needles were made by the Chinese. In our country, the needle appeared at the end of the 17th century when Peter I signed a decree to import needles into the territory Russian Empire.
Sewing needles are produced at the needle-platinum production. Needles are available for both machine and hand sewing. Machine needles differ from hand needles in that there is a flask at the end of the needle.

There are several types of needles: shoe needles, knitting, household and industrial.

Large factories are great amount the names of the needles, and it also depends on the thickness, sharpness. Sewing needles are more popular, not a single sewing enterprise can do without them, but it is more difficult to make them. Each needle has grooves that make it easy to insert the needle into the sewing machine and thread the eye.

Looking at the needle, it's hard to believe that it takes about three months to make it. In order to start the work, first a wire is supplied from the factory, a special machine cuts it to a certain length and straightens it, then the future needles are rounded on both sides. Now you need to decide on the diameter and length, for this a piece of wire is taken and pulled out in a cold way, at this moment the piece is beveled into a cone. The next steps will be stamping and punching.
What does it mean?
On special machines, with the help of matrices, an eye is shaped, on which there is still a large number of burr that still needs to be sanded. Nothing left, harden the needle and leave. Needles are hardened in hardening furnaces, and after tempering they become strong and flexible.

The needle is almost ready, the point is being sharpened again. One of the important stages is the manufacture of the ear. Sometimes, to save money, the company works with low-alloy steel, which, after prolonged use, begins to rust, and in order to eliminate this, sometimes gilding, silver or other precious metals are sprayed onto the ear.

The last two operations remain, chrome plating and polishing, during chrome plating, the needle is covered with a chrome layer, and upon completion, the surface is carefully polished. Ready-made needles are packed in blisters or other packaging, with the appropriate marking.

The pin has interesting story, it turns out in ancient times, ordinary thorns from bushes and trees were a replacement for a pin. The pin is made from the same material as the needle, only there are fewer stages in production.

The pin itself is made in such a way that a metal bar is stretched, forming a wire from it. Aligning, the wire is cut to the length of the pin itself. Then a metal head was attached to the segments. With the latest technologies, one needle-platinum enterprise produces not only pins and needles, but also knitting needles, knitting and fishing hooks, thimbles, as well as indispensable accessories for weaving and textile machines.

Video how needles and pins are made:

Archaeological finds testify to the ancient origin of the needle. The first needles were made from fish bones. The earliest metal needles in Europe dating back to the 3rd century BC were found in Bavaria. The eye of the needle of that time, as well as for many centuries later, was a ring of a bent blunt end. Starting from the 12th century in Europe, the technology of wire drawing began to be used for the manufacture of needles, which significantly increased their production. The invention of Damascus steel in the second half of the 14th century contributed to the improvement in the quality of needles. The most important milestone in the history of this instrument was the creation in 1850 in England of a machine tool that allows not only stamping needles, but also making an eyelet in them. The scale of mechanized production of needles has made the country a monopoly in the production of this product. The use of a new needle, which did not deform, did not break, did not rust, was well polished, contributed to the improvement of sewing skills.

In the 17th century, steel needles were brought from Germany to Russian lands by Hanseatic merchants, and before that, bone, bronze, iron and silver needles were used. Russia began its industrial production of needles. This was facilitated by the decree of Peter I, which spoke about the construction of factories for the manufacture of needles. Factories were built in the Ryazan region, in the villages of Kolentsy and Stolbtsy, by merchants Sidor Tomilin and the Ryumin brothers. In Kolentsy, the needle factory consisted of four departments: needle, wire, pin and machine. Up to 1200 pounds of steel wire per year were delivered from England - for the best needles, and for simple ones - from the Istinsky plant. Peter I issued a decree "On duties on foreign needles" in order to protect domestic production. Ryazan factories produced over 32 million needles and pins per year, which met the needs of the domestic market and exported to other countries.
The image of the needle is one of the most mythologized in folk culture. The symbolism of the needle is based on its inherent properties of sharpness, small size, and the ability to penetrate objects. It was also important for the mythopoetic consciousness that the metal from which the needles were made had an underground, that is, otherworldly nature - this determined the magical functions of the needle. So, she was considered a powerful amulet, which was used in dangerous situations: at the birth of a child, at a wedding, funeral, during illness, in rituals with cattle. From the evil eye or damage, for example, a needle was stuck into the child's robe. In the hem of the bride's dress and in the chest area, new unused needles, specially purchased for the wedding, were stuck crosswise with the point up. Needles were sometimes placed in the coffin of a dead woman so that she would have something to sew in the next world. In the Russian North, a needle without an eye was stuck into the yoke of a horse carrying the deceased to church - so that it would not stumble. The needle was often used in medical practice as a subject for slander. The image of a girl sewing up a wound with a needle is stable in conspiracies to stop the blood. On the day of the first pasture, a needle was attached to the tail or horns of the cow so that no one could damage it.

At the same time, the needle could be dangerous: it became an instrument of damage if a slander was made on it. According to the ideas Eastern Slavs, sorcerers knew how to turn around with a needle. These features explain the existing ban on picking up a needle found on the road. The time of using the needle for sewing in traditional culture was strictly regulated. The prohibition not only to sew, but also to look at the needle extended, for example, to the feast of the Annunciation, associated with the beginning of a new stage in life - the awakening of nature. Violation of the ban threatened with fright or a snake bite in the forest. In this belief, the correlation between the images of the snake and the needle is based on their common features: the brilliance of the surface, the sharpness of the tip of the needle and the sting of the snake, and chthonic origin. The last sign of the needle was significant in Christmas divination: the girl threw the needle into the millstones and, turning them, tried to hear the prediction in the sounds that arose from the contact of the needle with metal parts. In Siberia, they guessed in a different way: they tried to thread the thinnest needle - luck on the first attempt promised marriage.

HISTORY OF THE SEWING NEEDLE

There is no doubt that the ancient needles were of a completely different shape and made of a different material, however, they served exactly what modern needles serve. That is for sewing.

But it’s true, at all times, a small needle has been and still is one of those attributes that must be in every home.

The history of the sewing needle says that the first sewing needles were found in the southern part of France and in Central Asia, and their age was 15-20 thousand years. Primitive people used a needle for sewing clothes, which consisted of the skins of dead animals. The needles were made from fish bones that were able to pierce thick hides.

Among the cultural states of antiquity, I especially want to highlight Ancient Egypt, whose inhabitants not only knew how to sew with iron needles, but were also actively engaged in embroidery. Moreover, in favor of the history of the sewing needle among the Egyptians, the fact that even then the needle was almost perfect in shape, very much resembled a modern needle familiar to us, but with one but .... She didn't have an eye for thread. The edge of the needle, opposite the point, was simply bent into a small ring.

There is also a history of the sewing needle in Russia, the decree prescribing the start of the production of sewing needles was first issued by Peter I. True, the needles were “brought” to the territory of the Russian Empire, as early as the end of the 17th century. From those distant times to the present, needles have been produced in the Ryazan region.

THE HISTORY OF THREADS

Before the invention of yarn and cloth, clothing was made from the fur and skins of hunted animals, using needles from bone or horns and "threads" from the tendons, veins or intestines of animals. Our ancestors - primitive people- skins were pierced with sharp hewn stones, sharp bones of large fish or large spikes, and then the tendons were threaded through these holes.

Weaving radically changed the life and appearance of a person. Instead of animal skins people put on clothes made of linen, woolen or cotton fabrics, which have become our constant companions since then. However, before our ancestors learned to weave, they had to master the technique of weaving to perfection. Only having learned to weave mats from branches and reeds, people could begin to "weave" the threads.

It was common for our ancestors to perceive even the fate of a person as a thread spun on a spinning wheel by a deity, which has its beginning and end. It was believed that with the help of symbolic sewing, magical knitting, weaving, it was possible to predict the future of a newborn, and then correct it in the process of life.

HISTORY OF THE THIMMER

THIMMING - the name comes from Russian. "finger" - finger. In Europe appeared relatively recently. In the 80s. 17th century one jeweler in Amsterdam made the first thimble, wishing to give his friend an item for her birthday that would protect her industrious hands from needle pricks.

In Russia, thimbles came into fashion in the 1770s. and were an indispensable element of a sewing kit intended for aristocrats. Thimbles were made of copper, silver, bronze and even ivory.

CLOTHING IN RUSSIA

The creators of clothes in Russia were called blacksmiths. They constantly came up with new types of clothing, decorations for hats, made patterns, decorated. Clothing was divided depending on the status of the person. The ancient Russian people believed that clothing protects against evil spirits, dark forces, because it has a special power. Therefore, ancient Russian outfits were embroidered in the form of a Swastika, embroidered with a wooden needle and linen threads.

The main thing that was important for the Slavs in clothing was convenience, practicality, warmth. Depending on the financial situation, the fabric of the caftan was chosen. The princes wore warm clothes with a fur collar and embroidered retinue. Sheepskin, beaver, rabbit, fox were preferred from fur. The collar was small, barely covering the neck. There were many buttons on the outer clothing, from eight to twelve.

As now, ancient Russian women and girls liked to dress beautifully. In women's clothing, small details and embroidery were preferred. It was embroidered along the hem, on the sleeves, around the neck. Boyars, princesses wore rich dresses with sewn-in metal plates, peasant women wore a simple linen shirt with a belt. Women's suit was not only warm, but also showed the status of a woman. Linen fabric was always chosen for dresses and suits, and patterns were embroidered exclusively with red threads, because among the Slavs the red color symbolized health, fertility, fire, warmth, and protection.

The peasants wore simple clothes with a minimum of embroidery. She was not decorated with stones and ribbons. For work, everyday wear, they wore a long sleeveless shirt. Despite all its simplicity in pattern and cheapness of fabric, peasant clothes were very warm and practical.

Old Russian wedding clothes for women were beautiful, neat, a real masterpiece. The girls sewed a wedding dress for themselves. They were helped by their mother, grandmother, older sister. Usually the outfit was passed down from generation to generation. The bride's outfit showed the status of her family. They sewed dresses, sundresses from linen, chintz, velvet. Decorated with beads, ribbons, braid, embroidered beautiful patterns with gold threads. For noble rich brides, the outfit was as luxurious as possible. Decorated with stones, pearls, so it was heavy and weighed up to twenty kilograms.