Tuchkov Pavel Alekseevich
Born: 15 (26) October 1776
Died: January 12 (24), 1858 (aged 81)
Biography
Pavel Alekseevich Tuchkov (1776-1858) - major general Russian army, a virtual privy councillor. Hero of the Patriotic War of 1812.
He came from the noble family of the Tuchkovs. His brothers were Nikolai, Alexey, Sergey, Alexander Tuchkovs.
Already at the age of 9 he was enrolled in the Bombardier Regiment with the rank of sergeant. At the end of 1787, he became an adjutant at the headquarters of his own father, who served in the rank of engineer-lieutenant general and was commander of all the fortresses on the Russian-Swedish border.
On July 24, 1791, with the rank of captain, he entered the real military service to the 2nd Bomber Battalion. By direct order of Paul I, in 1798 he was transferred to the service of the Life Guards Artillery Battalion, receiving the rank of colonel. Under Alexander I, on October 8, 1800, he was promoted to major general and appointed chief of the 1st Artillery Regiment. He remained in this position until August 27, 1801; June 18, 1803 became chief of the 9th Artillery Regiment).
Between November 6, 1803 and March 11, 1807. retired from military service for family reasons. March 11, 1807 returned to active service as chief of the Wilmanstrand Infantry Regiment; the latter from August 16, 1806 to February 22, 1811 had the status of a musketeer. He participated in the Russian-Swedish war of 1808-1809: he commanded a separate detachment of cover, at the head of which he captured the enemy’s fortified position near the Finnish village of Kuskose, cleared the Kamito-Stremsky Strait, thereby ensuring the successful passage of the Russian flotilla through it, occupied the islands of Sando and Chimita, having captured the last Swedish landing, pursued the enemy to Uleaborg, occupied the Aland Islands (Aland).
After the end of the war, the Tuchkov brigade, until the end of 1811, was engaged in the construction of the Dinaburg fortress. In early 1812, she became part of the 2nd Infantry Corps. On July 1, 1812, Tuchkov became commander of the 2nd brigade of the 17th Infantry Division (Belozersky and Vilmanstrand regiments).
With the outbreak of World War II, troops under the command of Tuchkov defended the bridge over the Viliya near the town of Orzhishki. He also led the destruction of provisions in Koltynyany and covered the retreat of the army from the Drissa camp, during the Battle of Smolensk Tuchkov commanded the rearguard of the Russian troops. On August 7, his troops blocked the Moscow road in the Lubin area, which made it possible for the corps of the 1st Western Army to enter it. During a powerful French attack that took place around 10 pm, he personally led the bayonet counterattack of the Yekaterinoslav Grenadier Regiment. When a warhorse died under him, he allegedly went on foot with a gun to the ranks of the lead platoon. In the ensuing hand-to-hand combat, he was wounded with a bayonet in the side and several saber wounds in the head, was captured by the French and escorted to Napoleon I, who asked him to write a letter to his brother Nikolai Alekseevich, who commanded the 3rd Infantry Corps in the 1st Army of Barclay, , in which he reported that Napoleon agreed to negotiate with Alexander I. This letter was eventually written and reached St. Petersburg, but there was no answer to it. Tuchkov was sent to France as an honorary prisoner of war, where he remained until his release in the spring of 1814. In 1815 he returned to serve in the army, leading the 8th Infantry Division.
On February 9, 1819, he was dismissed from military service for health reasons, with the right to wear a uniform. In 1826, Emperor Nicholas I again called him to the service, but now civilian: he received the title of Privy Councilor. Initially, he headed the Moscow Board of Trustees, two years later he became a senator, in 1838 - a member of the State Council. Shortly thereafter, he assumed the position of chairman of the Commission of petitions filed in the name of the monarch. He held this position until January 1, 1858. In 1840 he received the rank of real privy councilor, was awarded four orders and many other awards during the years of his civil service. He was buried at the Lazarevsky cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra in St. Petersburg.
His nephew and full namesake Tuchkov, Pavel Alekseevich (1802-1864) was an infantry general, a member State Council, mayor of Moscow.
Awards
Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called (04/23/1851)
Diamond signs for the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called (08/26/1856)
Order of St. George 4th class. (02/15/1819)
Order of St. Vladimir 1st class (04/13/1845)
Order of St. Vladimir 2nd class (07.11.1831)
Order of St. Alexander Nevsky (04/02/1838)
Diamond badges for the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky (21.04.1842)
Order of the White Eagle (01/18/1834)
Order of St. Anne 1st class (04/10/1808)
Imperial crown to the Order of St. Anne 1st class. (04/21/1831)
Order of St. Anne 3rd class (1798)
Order of St. John of Jerusalem, honorary commander (08/03/1800)
Bronze medal "In memory of the war of 1853-1856" (26.08.1856)
Insignia "for XLV years of impeccable service" (08/22/1845)
Insignia "for XL years of impeccable service" (08/22/1841)
Insignia "for XXXV years of impeccable service" (08/22/1834)
Insignia "for the XXX years of impeccable service" (08/22/1830)
Tuchkov (Tuchkov 3rd) Pavel Alekseevich (October 8, 1775; according to other sources, 1776, Vyborg - January 24, 1858, St. Petersburg), Major General (1800). From an old noble family. Brother of A. A., N. A. and S. A. Tuchkovs. 12/18/1785 recorded in the Bombardier Regiment as a sergeant. On September 28, 1787, he was promoted to warrant officer and enlisted as an adjutant at the headquarters of his father, engineer-general lieutenant A.V. Tuchkov. On July 24, 1791, with the rank of captain, he began serving in the 2nd bombardment battalion. On January 11, 1797, he was promoted to major; on November 17, 1797, to lieutenant colonel. In 1798, at the direction of the imp. Paul I was transferred to the Life Guards. Art. battalion and 11/27/1798 promoted to colonel, 10/8/1800 - to major general with the appointment of the chief of the 1st art. regiment (he was until 27.8.1801).
From 18.6.1803 chief of the 9th art. a shelf. On November 6, 1803, for family reasons, he retired, returned to service on March 11, 1807, with the appointment of chief of the Wilmanstrand Musketeer Regiment and commander. brigade in the 17th division. In Rus.-Swed. war of 1808-09 commanded a department. cover detachment, knocked the enemy out of the fort. positions near the village of Kuskose, cleared the Kamito-Stremsky strait. for the passage grew. flotilla, captured about. Sayda, recaptured and captured the Swede. landing on about. Kimito pursued the enemy to Uleaborg, cleared the Aland Islands.
In 1812 T. commanded the 2nd brigade of the 17th infantry. divisions of the 2nd infantry. corps, defended with her a bridge over the river. Viliya at the metro station Orzhishki, destroyed food supplies in Koltynyany, Sventsyansky district. Vilna Gubernia, covered the retreat of the army from the Drissa camp, acted as a rear guard on the way from the border to Smolensk. Aug 7 detachment T. blocked Moscow. the road near Valutina Gora, repelling the attacks of the enemy, provided access to it by the corps of the 1st Zap. army. T. personally led the Yekaterinoslav Grenadier Regiment in a bayonet counterattack, when a horse was killed under him, he stood up with a gun in the ranks of the head platoon. In hand-to-hand combat, he was wounded with a bayonet in the side, received several. saber wounds to the head. He was taken prisoner, sent to France, released in the spring of 1814 and from April 30. was in the army. Returning to the army in 1815, from 17 Dec. commanded the 8th infantry. division.
On February 9, 1816, he retired with a uniform due to illness. On September 22, 1826, he was returned to service with the rank of active. State Councilor, headed the Moscow. Board of Trustees. On October 9, 1826, he was promoted to Privy Councillor. From 11/12/1828 senator, from 12/6/1838 member of the State. council, from 27.1.1839 to 1.1.1858 before. Commissions of petitions submitted to the highest name. 12/6/1840 produced in action. secret advisers. He was a member of the Council of the Uch-sh horde. St. Catherine and Alexandrovsky in Moscow (since 21.03.1827), a member of the build. commission at the Educational House in Moscow (since 10/5/1828), the manager of the Moscow. safe treasury (since February 10, 1829), manager of the Sheremetyevo invalid home (since February 26, 1829), member of the board of the Educational Society for Noble Maidens (since February 19, 1839), member of Ch. council of women educational institutions(since 1/1/1845), a member of the Special Committee for the consideration of the arrangement of the salt part in Russia (since 10/28/1846). He was buried at the Lazarevsky cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra in St. Petersburg.
Awards: grew. orders of St. George 4th class, St. Andrew the First-Called with diamonds, St. Vladimir 1st class, St. Alexander Nevsky with diamonds, White Eagle, St. Anna 1st class. with crown, St. John of Jerusalem; insignia "For XLV years of impeccable service."
Tuchkov P.A. My memories of 1812. Autobiographical note.
Russian archive, 1873, published by Peter Bartenev, book 2, vol. 10, art. 1928-1968. Tuchkov Pavel Alekseevich (1776-1858) - Russian general, active privy councillor. In 1812 - Major General, commander of the 2nd brigade (Belozersky and Wilmanstrand infantry regiments) of the 17th Infantry Division of the 2nd Infantry Corps. He distinguished himself in the battle of Lubino, the wounded was taken prisoner. He was summoned to Napoleon, who tried through Tuchkov to notify Tsar Alexander of his readiness for peace negotiations. This fragment of "Memoirs ..." fully describes the meeting of Tuchkov with Napoleon and the content of their conversation.
/ st. 1939-1967 /
«
... On the 7th of August, at about 8 o'clock in the morning, I went out onto the big Moscow road, although, according to the instructions I received from the chief of staff, I should have gone straight to the village of Bredikhino, but to my surprise I saw that Bredikhino was separated from the junction of the road, where we came to the big Moscow, a few miles further from Smolensk, so that if I had exactly followed the order given to me, I would have opened this important point to the enemy, and the enemy, having come to it, would have cut off all that part of the troops ours and burdens, which, following the country roads, would not yet have had time to reach the big Moscow road. That is why I decided, instead of going to the left to Bredikhin, to turn to the right along the road to Smolensk, so that, having found a convenient place ahead of me for defense, take a position and, thereby covering the junction of roads, give time to the column following me. , get out on the big road. …
I don't know if the whole regiment followed the first platoon; but the enemy, having met us with bayonets, overturned our column, and I, receiving a wound with a bayonet in my right side, fell to the ground. At this time, several enemy soldiers galloped up to me to pin me; but at that very moment a French officer named Etienne, desiring to have this pleasure himself, shouted at them to let him do it. Laissez moi faire, je m'en vais l'achever, were his words, and at the same time hit me on the head with his saber in his hands. …
Not more than half an hour later they brought me to the place where the Neapolitan king Murat, who, as you know, commanded the vanguard and cavalry of the enemy army, was located. Murat immediately ordered his doctor to examine and bandage my wounds...
At midnight they brought me to Smolensk and led me into a room in a fairly large stone house, where they left me on a sofa. A few minutes later a French general unknown to me entered and, sitting down beside me, asked me if I wanted anything, and when I told him that I was extremely thirsty, he went into another room, brought a carafe of water and a bottle of red wine. guilt; pouring them into a glass, gave me a drink. After sitting a few more and persuading me not to be upset by my situation, he left the room and left me alone in it. The next day I found out that it was the chief of staff French army Marshal Berthier, Prince of Neuchâtel, in whose house I was. …
On the fifth or sixth day after the unfortunate incident with me, a young man in a French colonel's uniform came to me and announced to me that he had been sent to me from the Emperor Napoleon to find out if my health would allow me to be with him, and if I could do this already in forces, he will appoint me at that time. …
Napoleon occupied the house of the former Smolensk military governor, which was not far from the house where Marshal Berthier lived ... Marshal Berthier stood in the corner near the window, and Emperor Napoleon was in the middle of the room. I bowed to him when I entered, to which he answered me with a very polite bow. His first word was: “Which corps were you?” - The second, I answered. “Ah, this is the corps of General Baggovut!” - Exactly. - "Are you related to General Tuchkov, commander of the first corps?" - Native brother my. …
Upon my return to my room, two hours later Mr. Leduc came to me with an announcement that he had been sent from the Prince of Neuchâtel, with the fact that, as the emperor wanted me to go to France, he believed that I had taken from him 1,200 francs will not be enough for such a long journey; and, having already been much further from Russia, I can not hope to receive anything from there so soon, and therefore he suggests that I take another 4,800 francs from him and give the same receipt as in the first money I received from him, that I and performed with great gratitude. ... ".
Tuchkov Pavel Alekseevich
Major General
From the nobles
He has Russian orders: St. George 4th class, St. Anna 1st class. and St. John of Jerusalem.
The service was assigned to the artillery as a sergeant on December 18, 1785, in the Bombardier Regiment; transferred as an adjutant to the rank of ensign of the army on September 28, 1787, to the headquarters of engineer-lieutenant general Tuchkov; bayonet junker 1788 May 24, on an adjutant vacancy in the same headquarters; appointed adjutant to the rank of army captain 1790 May 30, at the same headquarters; captain July 24, 1791, in the former 2 bombardier battalion; renamed major 1797 Jan 11; transferred to the battalion of Lieutenant-General von Mertens 1797 January 23; lieutenant colonel 1797 November 17; colonel 1798 November 27; major general 1800 October 8; appointed chief of the 1st Artillery Regiment; dismissed at the request of the service 1803 November 6; accepted again into service on March 11, 1807, by the chief of the Wilmanstrand Infantry Regiment; appointed commander of the 8th Infantry Division 1815 December 4.
He was on campaigns: in 1807, in the army, under the command of a general from the cavalry, Baron Bennigsen; in 1808, during the war with Sweden, he was in business: February 9 - when passing through the Swedish border; February 12 - during the defeat of the enemy detachment at the village of Cuscos, where he commanded the detachment, and for courage and good orders awarded the order St. Anne 1 st., then, when pursuing the enemy to the city of Tavastgus and occupying the Gangeut fortifications; July 10 - when driving away the enemy flotilla at about. Kimito; July 21 - when driving away the enemy flotilla and taking possession of the enemy battery on about. Sando; the same number, when the enemy landing was broken on about. Kimito; when pursuing the enemy to the city of Uleaborg, under the command of the infantry general Count Kamensky 2; March 2, 1809, in the Aland expedition; in 1812 he was in the Western Army, under the command of Field Marshal Prince Barclay de Tolly, and was in business: August 5 and 6 - in the battle of Smolensk; August 7 - at Valutina Gora, where, commanding a detachment, he held back a numerous and excellent enemy force, who sought to cut our army, but, having been wounded in the head and with a bayonet in the right side, he was raised by the enemy and taken prisoner; in 1815 he was on a campaign in France, to the city of Chatotieri, and from there back to the Russian borders.
Married to the daughter of the Privy Councilor Alexandra Petrovna Neklyudova; he has children: son Alexander, b. May 16, 1825; daughters - Elena, b. May 11, 1818, married to collegiate adviser Mikhailov, Maria, b. April 25, 1821, and Alexandra, b. May 8, 1830, both ladies-in-waiting of the Imperial Court.
On February 9, 1819, by the highest order, he was dismissed from service, due to illness, with a uniform. In 1826 he entered the service again as an honorary guardian of the Moscow Board of Trustees; in 1828 appointed senator; in 1838 - a member of the State Council; in 1839 he was appointed chairman of the Petitions Commission and held this position until January 1, 1858.
He died on January 24, 1858, in the rank of real Privy Councilor, having all Russian orders.
Formulary lists for 1818 and 1849. (Book of formulary lists No. 2, form 53; Archive of the State Council.)
100 great heroes of 1812 [with illustrations] Alexey Shishov
Major General Tuchkov 3rd Pavel Alekseevich (1775 or 1776–1858)
Major General Tuchkov 3rd Pavel Alekseevich
(1775 or 1776–1858)
The youth of Pavel Tuchkov is similar to similar lines in the biographies of his brothers, the heroes of Borodin. At the age of nine he was enrolled as a sergeant in the Bombardier Regiment. From the end of 1787, he was listed as an adjutant at the headquarters of his father, an engineer-lieutenant-general, but in reality he continued to receive an education at home.
The 15-year-old Tuchkov 3rd began active military service in July 1791: he was enlisted as a captain in the 2nd bombardment battalion. Without a doubt, such an appointment took place under the patronage of his father: Tuchkov Sr. wanted to see his sons as artillerymen.
Paul I, who reigned for a short historical period, favored the Tuchkovs. In 1798, Pavel Tuchkov was transferred to the Life Guards Artillery Battalion and at the age of twenty he complained of the rank of colonel.
P.A. Tuchkov. Artist J. Doe
In October 1810, he was already a major general with the appointment of the chief of the 1st Artillery Regiment (that remained only ten months). In June 1803 he received patronage of the 9th artillery regiment. And after another five months, he resigns for family reasons (“by request”).
Major General P.A. Tuchkov returned to service in March 1807, no longer as an artilleryman: Emperor Alexander I favorably appointed him chief of the Wilmanstrand Musketeer Regiment and commander of the 1st Brigade of the 17th Infantry Division, which was being formed in Tver.
The Russo-Swedish War of 1808-1809 became a baptism of fire for a man in general's epaulettes. Pavel Tuchkov passed the exam for combat maturity with dignity. He commanded a cover detachment (then an infantry brigade), drove the Swedes out of a fortified position near the village of Kuskoske, occupied Tavastgus, cleared the Kamito-Stremsky Strait from the enemy for the unhindered passage of the Russian rowing flotilla, captured Sando Island, repelled an enemy landing on Kimito Island, capturing part of it. Then he participated in the pursuit of the retreating royal troops to Uleaborg and on an expedition to the Aland Islands.
In all these military affairs, as if in the “side”, there is a “special case” on the island of Kimito. There, the Swedes, unexpectedly landing troops, tried to capture the commander-in-chief of the active army, Count Buxgevden, and the duty general of the army headquarters, P.P. Konovnitsyn.
The award to Pavel Alekseevich for military affairs in 1808 was immediately the Order of St. Anna of the highest, 1st degree with a crown. The award was granted "for courage and diligence" in the war with Sweden, which gave him fame as a military leader.
When the peace treaty was signed, the infantry brigade of Major General Tuchkov participated in the construction of the Dinaburg fortress until the end of 1811. It was erected on the right elevated bank of the Western Dvina River at the confluence of the Shunitsa River in the Vitebsk province. Only in 1810, 5 regiments, 6 reserve and one garrison battalions, 2 pioneer (sapper) companies and 200 artillery horses with carts were employed in earthworks in 1810 alone.
After the installation of 85 different-caliber guns (cannons, unicorns and mortars) delivered from Riga, Revel and Kronstadt, the Dinaburg fortress received the status of a 1st class fortress. The sovereign was pleased with the progress of the work, as well as their performers.
From July 1, 1812, P.A. Tuchkov 3rd commanded a brigade of the 17th Infantry Division of General Olsufiev of the 3rd 2nd Army Corps of General Baggovud. The brigade consisted of the Wilmanstrand and Brest infantry regiments (4 battalions).
From the beginning of the Napoleonic invasion great army within Russia, the regiments of Tuchkov 3rd had to participate in a variety of affairs. They defended the bridge across the Viliya River near the town of Orzhishki, destroyed food and fodder stocks in warehouses in Koltynyany, Sventsyansky district, Vilna province, and covered the withdrawal of the 1st Western Army from the Drissky camp.
All the way from state border to Smolensk, Major General P.A. Tuchkov had to act in the rearguard. With this task, he and his brigade coped very successfully, although the pursuers tried their best to cut off and exterminate at least part of the Russian rearguard troops.
On August 7, the rearguard detachment of Tuchkov on the 3rd, having blocked the Moscow road at Valutina Gora, fought a stubborn battle with the French for eight hours. Of these, four hours were spent covering the withdrawal of the 1st Western Army across the Dnieper. The rearguard had to fight first with the main forces of the corps of Marshal Ney, and then with the vanguards of Marshals Murat and Junot, who had approached the battlefield.
In the evening, when it was already getting dark, Tuchkov personally led the Yekaterinoslav Grenadier Regiment in a counterattack. However, a bullet hit the horse's neck, causing it to rise on its hind legs and fall to the ground. The general, who managed to jump off his horse, stood up with a gun at the head of the counterattacking column and led the grenadiers forward. In the ensuing hand-to-hand fight, he received a bayonet wound in the right side, and then he was struck several saber blows to the head.
The bleeding general was taken prisoner by the French. He was introduced to the King of Naples, Marshal Joham Murat. The French officer Etienne, who delivered the "noble" prisoner, was awarded the Order of the Legion of Honor. Then Pavel Alekseevich was introduced to Napoleon himself: the captive politely but decisively refused to write a letter to his sovereign. In parting, the French emperor said to Tuchkov:
“Your captivity cannot dishonor you ... As you were taken prisoner, they take only those who are in front, but not those who remain behind.”
After an hour-long conversation with Bonaparte, the wounded Russian general was sent under escort in a road carriage to France, where he was kept in the cities of Metz, Soissons and Rennes. Already on the road, he learned about the death of his brothers - Alexander and Nikolai. Nothing is known about his life in captivity.
The situation in Tuchkov's captivity was undoubtedly influenced by the fact that Barclay de Tolly, having learned about what had happened, immediately sent an officer to the enemy camp as a truce in order to find out the fate of the captured general.
Tuchkov III was released from captivity in the spring of 1814. Emperor Alexander I "at the meeting treated the old warrior kindly and immediately granted him (six months) leave." In 1815, he already commanded the 8th Infantry Division, participated in the 2nd campaign of the Russian army in France. Four years later, he retired "with a uniform due to illness."
Having ascended the throne, Emperor Nicholas I returned P.A. Tuchkov for service. On the day of his coronation, he granted combat general rank of Privy Councilor and appointed honorary guardian of the Moscow Board of Trustees.
In 1828, Pavel Alekseevich became a senator, in 1838 - a member of the State Council, the next year - chairman of the Commission of petitions submitted to the highest name, and manager of the Moscow Treasury. In 1840 he was promoted to actual Privy Councilor. In addition to the Order of St. Anna of the 1st degree, the hero of the Patriotic War had the Orders of St. Andrew the First-Called, St. Alexander Nevsky, St. Vladimir 1st degree, St. George 4th degree, the White Eagle and St. John of Jerusalem.
Major General and Active Privy Councilor P.A. Tuchkov was buried with military honors at the Lazarevsky cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra in St. Petersburg. He left behind memoirs "My memories of 1812".
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