August 14, 2013 was a new milestone in the history of nuclear energy for the Smolensk region. It was on this day that the first exploration well for the future was drilled near the village of Bogdanovo in the Roslavl district, the construction of which the residents of the region have been talking about in recent years.

The order to start work on the construction of the second Smolensk nuclear power plant was the general director of the corporation "ROSATOM" Sergey Kiriyenko. The site of the proposed construction of the station is located seven kilometers from the current Smolensk nuclear power plant.

Double edged stick

Residents of the Smolensk region, to be honest, are still wary of new construction, as well as the fact that the power units of the current nuclear power plant are already exhausting their resources. This, of course, cannot but disturb the population, the so-called "double-edged sword" comes out. Recall that also in December 2012 Rostekhnadzor of Russia issued a license to extend the life of power unit No. 1 with the declared technical parameters until December 25, 2022.

In order to work beyond the stipulated time, this power unit was reconstructed and modernized. And in 2011, it was carefully examined by IAEA experts, who, in turn, confirmed its operational safety. At the moment, of the three power units of the Smolensk NPP, power units No. 1, with an extended service life, and No. 3, whose service life expires in 2020, are in operation. Power unit No. 2 is under scheduled overhaul. True, there are no comments on the operation of the equipment.

Without magic

It should be noted that other specific sites for the construction of Smolensk NPP-2 are also being considered at this stage. Among them: Kholmets in the Roslavl region and Podmostki in the Pochinkovsky region. The very construction of a new nuclear power plant should start in three years, in 2016. Before this period, it is just necessary to carry out both survey and all design work.

The launch of the first power unit of Smolensk NPP-2 is scheduled for 2022. “We have been waiting for this event for a long time. The drilling of the first exploration well is in fact the first peg on the site where Smolensk NPP-2 will be located,” the director of the nuclear power plant Andrey Petrov, employees of the public information center of Smolensk NPP, convey the words.

In turn, as Evgeny Romanov, General Director of Rosenergoatom Concern OJSC, noted during his visit to the Smolensk NPP, there should certainly be a NPP-2, but the construction itself “does not begin by magic”. “As three units of the Smolensk NPP are retired, we must introduce an adequate amount of replacement capacities,” the general director noted then. - All work of the preparatory period must be carried out. Therefore, by the time we decide that construction should start, we should be in high readiness so that we can do it almost instantly.”

By the way

The Smolensk region itself is “tied” to the construction of NPP-2 on its territory, because even now the operating nuclear power plant accounts for about 80 percent of the installed capacity of all power plants in our region. In addition, it is one of the main sources of tax revenues for the budget revenues of the Smolensk region and Desnogorsk itself.

NPP comment

Ivan Navnychko, Deputy Manager of the Desnogorsk Design and Survey Branch of OJSC Atomenergoproekt:

“The construction of Smolensk NPP-2 is necessary so that over time it will replace the existing nuclear power plant. After all, the first has already worked out its resource, but, as you know, the necessary license was obtained to extend its service life. The same applies to the other two power units of the nuclear power plant.

At this stage, work on the Smolensk NPP-2 is reduced to finally determining the location of the future facility. Of all the points under consideration, Pyatidvorok is the most suitable, since, so to speak, the place here is drier and its location is most convenient - only seven kilometers from the current nuclear power plant. At subsequent stages, the next issues will be resolved, including those related to the project of the station. For now we are talking about the VVER-TOI project, as well as at the Novovoronezh NPP. But, apparently, it will be its improved version.

For the Smolensk region as a whole, the construction of the Smolensk NPP-2 is an important project. Firstly, these are new jobs for people, because it is no secret that now many local residents are leaving Desnogorsk and nearby settlements in search of earnings in the same Moscow. It's tax deductions."

"I'm not saying that everything will explode, but how will it work..."

Andrey Ozharovsky, engineer-physicist, expert of the ecological association "Bellona":

“It is clear that we need to prepare and do something, because the power units of the Smolensk NPP are already reaching their 30-year expected service life. I think it is wrong that other options were not analyzed, and the construction of NPP-2 was proposed as a non-alternative project.

Indeed, in the same Europe, a number of countries have already abandoned nuclear energy. I was wondering when the public hearings on this project and I was told that it should be in September. Public hearings are good, but not when it turns out that the decision has essentially already been made. Citizens should receive all necessary information.

The second thing that is interesting in this story is what will actually be built. There is an option that this is VVER-1200, which was abandoned at the Kaliningrad NPP at one time. In the Smolensk region, I think, they will offer an even more interesting option, the so-called VVER-TOI. I can say that neither one nor the second project has been implemented in practice before and they did not exist in nature. As an engineer, I can't help but worry about how this will all work. It turns out that the Smolensk region will become a kind of testing ground for an untested project in practice. I'm not saying that everything will explode, but it's not clear how it will work and whether it will be.

Two hands for!

Vladimir Tsyganok, Associate Professor, Department of Ecology, Smolensky state university, Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, specialist in man-made systems and environmental risks, expert of the Federal Industrial Safety Expertise System:

“The construction of a new nuclear power plant will only benefit the Smolensk region: more energy will be sold - more deductions will go to the budget, new jobs will appear. Impact on environment- only thermal. So I - with both hands "for"!

No deviation from normal radiation background not observed in the Smolensk region. There is not a single fact that would indicate some kind of radiation hazard. In addition to rumors and speculation of the townsfolk. Roshydromet official data are published regularly and have a high level of reliability. , and after that they rechecked everything again, all approaches to security, made sure that everything was fine, but also tightened control even more. The monitoring system in the surveillance zone around the nuclear power plant continuously generates a data stream and sends it not only to the plant itself, but also to Rosatom and the IAEA - online, to the international level. Nobody is hiding anything, and there is nothing to be afraid of.

In fact, in the Smolensk region, in the foreground, completely different ecological problems- the problem of domestic waste disposal and deterioration of water treatment facilities. And the construction of a nuclear power plant is better to build five nuclear power plants in the region than one waste incineration plant. I can say this with complete, 100% certainty and knowledge of the matter.

The only one real risk associated with a nuclear power plant is the threat of large-scale military operations: that is, roughly speaking, if a war breaks out and the plant is bombed. But this is beyond the horizon of assessed risks, no one is insured against this.”

Smolensk NPP is the city-forming, leading enterprise of the region, the largest in the fuel and energy balance of the region. Annually, the station produces an average of 20 billion kWh of electricity, which is more than 80% of the total amount generated by the energy enterprises of the Smolensk region.

Smolensk NPP operates three power units with RBMK-1000. The first stage belongs to the second generation of nuclear power plants with RBMK-1000 reactors, the second stage - to the third.

Smolensk NPP was repeatedly recognized as the winner of the industry competition "The Best NPP of Russia" (in 1992 and 1993), in 1999 it entered the top three.

In 2000, the nuclear power plant took first place in the competition "Russian Organization of High Social Efficiency"; in 2006 it was awarded the title of "Best NPP in Russia" in an industry competition in the field of safety culture;

in 2007 - the first among Russian nuclear power plants to receive international certificate compliance of the quality management system with the ISO 9001:2000 standard and was recognized as the best NPP in Russia in terms of ensuring social safety and work with personnel.

In 2009, SNPP received a certificate of compliance of the environmental management system with the requirements of the national standard GOST R ISO 14001-2007 and was recognized as the best NPP in Russia in the field of "Physical Protection".

In 2011, Smolensk NPP became the winner in the competition "Best NPP in Russia" based on the results of 2010 and was recognized as the best NPP in terms of safety culture. As part of the implementation of the program to extend the service life of the Smolensk NPP, a major overhaul and modernization of power unit No. 1 was carried out.

In 2011, Smolensk NPP: confirmed the compliance of the occupational safety and health management system with the international standard OHSAS 18001:2007, as well as the compliance of the environmental management system with the national standard GOST R ISO 14001-2007; recognized as the Concern's best plant in the field of safety culture; received a "Certificate of Trust in the Employer" based on the results of an audit by the State Labor Inspectorate for the Smolensk Region.

The nuclear power plant is located in the Smolensk region, the distance to the satellite city (the city of Desnogorsk) is 3 km; to the regional center (city of Smolensk) - 150 km.

Installed electric power — 3000 MW.

Smolensk NPP, news:

Photo of Smolensk NPP:

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SMOLENSK NPP

Location: near the city of Desnogorsk (Smolensk region)
Reactor type: RBMK-1000
Number of power units: 3

Smolensk NPP is the city-forming leading enterprise of the region, the largest in the fuel and energy balance of the region. Annually, the station produces an average of 20 billion kWh of electricity, which is more than 75% of the total amount of electricity generated by the energy enterprises of the Smolensk region. The SPP operates three power units with RBMK-1000 reactors. The first stage belongs to the second generation of nuclear power plants with RBMK-1000 reactors, the second - to the third.

AT 2010 As a result of safe and reliable operation of power units, modernization and introduction of advanced production technologies, preparedness and professionalism of the personnel, Smolensk NPP was recognized as a leader in the corporate competitions "Best NPP in Russia by the end of the year" and "Best NPP in Russia in terms of safety culture".

AT 2011 Smolensk NPP became the winner in the competition "The Best NPP of Russia" based on the results of 2010 and was recognized as the best NPP in terms of safety culture. As part of the implementation of the program to extend the life of the Smolensk NPP, a major overhaul and modernization of power unit No. 1 was carried out.the Certificate of acceptance into operation of the 1st launch complex of KP RAO was signed. In addition, Mr.A group of highly qualified experts in the field of nuclear safety of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) conducted an OSART mission at the Smolensk NPP to verify the compliance of the plant's safe operation with international standards. Based on the results of the audit, a positive assessment was given and a number of positive practices recommended for implementation at nuclear power plants of the world were noted: high operational reliability of power units, professional training of personnel, and others.
AT 2013 SNPP became the owner of the international environmental certificate and the golden sign "International Ecologists Initiative 100% eco quality", confirming the environmental friendliness of the enterprise. In the same month, Smolensk NPP was awarded the main prize of international ecologists "Global Eco Brand" in the nomination "Leader of Socially and Environmentally Responsible Business".

AT 2016 Smolensk NPP was included in the number of exemplary RPS enterprises in the industry and received the status of "Enterprise - RPS Leader". As well asfor reliability and safety, was recognized as the leader in the corporate competition "The Best NPP in Russia in terms of safety culture"; Smolensk NPP "Best NPP in Russia" according to the results of the 2015 traditional industry competition. In the same year bAn important decision was made - Rostekhnadzor issued licenses, and at the government level a corresponding order was issued to locate two VVER-TOI power units in the Smolensk region, replacing the capacities of existing units that are to be decommissioned.

In 2017, Smolensk NPP was recognized as an environmentally exemplary organization by Rosenergoatom Concern JSC, becoming the winner of the All-Russian competition "Health and Safety", held with the support of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation in two categories at once: "Development and implementation of highly efficient labor protection management systems ” and “Development of measuring instruments, methods, techniques and technologies for assessing working conditions”.

The distance to the satellite city (Desnogorsk) is 3 km, to the regional center (Smolensk) - 150 km.

OPERATING POWER UNITS OF SMOLENSK NPP

Smolensk NPP is located in the south of the Smolensk region, 3 km from the city of Desnogorsk. At the moment, its total installed capacity is 3,000 MW, and its thermal capacity is 9,600 MW. At the same time, it accounts for more than 80% of the total amount of energy produced in the region. For example, last year it generated 24,182.2 million kWh of electricity. Like other nuclear power plants in our country (there are ten in total), it operates as part of Rosenergoatom Concern JSC, and accounts for about 13% of the concern's total energy output. So the station is not small, but how interesting it is, I'll show you now.

I like to start my acquaintance with any enterprise with history, because it's no secret whoever remembers it has a future. In this regard, the nuclear scientists are great, they built large, spacious, beautiful and very informative information centers in each region of their presence. Here visitors can get acquainted in great detail with the history, and with the present, and even the future of the power plant, as well as understand how everything works and is arranged there. Here in the city of Desnogorsk, of course, there is one, and the first thing we do is go there.

And it all started like this. On September 26, 1966, the Council of Ministers of the USSR adopted Resolution No. 800/252 on the construction of the Smolensk NPP. In 1971, its construction began. Thanks to the nuclear power plant, the village of Desnogorsk first appeared on the map of our country, which then grew into a city. By the way, it was on February 24, 1974 that it was officially registered as a settlement, and according to the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of January 31, 1989, it became a city.

Moving on, 1978 was marked by the blocking of the Desna River, after which the filling of the Desnogorsk reservoir began. On December 25, 1982, an act was signed on the acceptance of power unit No. 1 of the Smolensk NPP for commercial operation. From May 31, 1985, power unit No. 2 began to help him. In our country, the trinity is always held in high esteem, and here we went along this path, putting power unit No. 3 into operation on January 30, 1990. True, they also planned to build a fourth one, the construction of which was started in the fall of 1984, but in December 1993 it was stopped.

Nothing lasts forever and our safety comes first. No matter how good our Smolensk NPP is, and it has a certain service life, therefore, power engineers are already thinking about the next generations today. In December 2012, the Director General of Rosatom State Corporation Sergey Kiriyenko signed an order to start work on the construction of the second stage of the Smolensk NPP (Smolensk NPP-2). She will become a replacement station. At Smolensk NPP-2, the project will install two power units of a new generation with improved reactor plants of the V-510 type (Project VVER-TOI), with an electric capacity of 1255 MW each and a thermal one of 3312 MW. These new reactors will be an order of magnitude more reliable in terms of all safety standards and meet the most insane IAEA requirements. And their service life will be already 60 years. In November 2014, survey work for the construction of Smolensk NPP-2 was completed. Now the first two power units are being designed, which should be put into operation in 2024 and 2026, respectively. As they are commissioned, most likely by 2027, the operating power unit No. 1 of the Smolensk NPP will be decommissioned. But let's not get ahead of ourselves. If they ever call me to this construction site, I will definitely show and tell you everything in detail.

10. Hurray, here she is a beauty, immediately awe is everywhere, in short, she got it :)

Smolensk NPP operates three power units with RBMK-1000 single-loop uranium-graphite channel reactors. The electrical capacity of each such power unit is 1 GW, and the thermal capacity is 3.2 GW.

Smolensk NPP sends all the generated energy to the unified energy system of Russia, with which it is connected by six power lines with voltage electric current 330 kV (Roslavl-1, 2), 500 kV (Kaluga, Mikhailov), 750 kV (Novo-Bryansk, Belorusskaya).

13. Lenin is alive here too, and the panel is really cool

14. And here are those who need to be equal

15. I will not repeat how we went through everything here. We were dressed, special socks, boots, bathrobes, caps, gloves, ear plugs and helmets, everything was as it should be. We went through various security systems. Control at all stages at Rosatom is severe and the same everywhere. But what I really liked and what I was really pleasantly surprised with was the fact that here we were shown and allowed much more. It is not for nothing that Smolensk NPP was repeatedly recognized among the winners in various competitions among energy enterprises of the nuclear industry, even the world, for example, in 2011 according to the OSART version of the IAEA. In fact, before my eyes, the information transparency of the company as a whole is being transformed, and this is very cool, I’m afraid to jinx it, we’ll check it at the next nuclear power plant.

16. Block control panel. It is from here that control and management of all processes at the station is carried out.

21. More than 4,000 people work at SNPP.

23. Central hall of RBMK-1000 Smolensk NPP

For fans of statistics I fix. The first power unit with an RBMK-1000 type reactor was launched in 1973 at the Leningrad NPP (we were there last time). Its thermal power is 3200 MW, electric power is 1000 MW. The moderator here is graphite, and the coolant is water. The reactor itself is located in a reinforced concrete shaft and is a system of channels with fuel assemblies installed in them. The number of technological channels is 1661, the number of control and protection rods is 211. The reactor is loaded with 200 tons of uranium. And the average fuel burnup is 22.6 MW*day/kg.

25. Unloading machine, which reloads the fuel cartridges.

27. Well, I again got to the next dose of radiation :)

29. Fuel ready for loading into the reactor

32. One fuel assembly weighs about 130 kg, its length is 7 meters. It serves for 1.5-2 years.

39. Main circulation pumps designed to create coolant circulation in the NPP primary circuit.

40. And this is the machine room of the Smolensk NPP, its length is 600 m.

41. Each power unit has two turbine generators. Here they are located for all three power units. The power of one such turbogenerator is 500 MW, and it weighs as much as 1,200 tons.

Actually, the process of obtaining the necessary energy is as follows. There is a controlled chain reaction that takes place in the reactor core: fuel - uranium dioxide U235 - is divided by thermal neutrons. As a result, a great amount heat, which is converted into electricity with the help of separators, steam generators and turbines. That is, at first, nuclear energy passes into thermal energy, thermal energy at the next stage into mechanical energy, and that energy already into electrical energy.

44. At the end of our program, we looked into the External Radiation Monitoring Laboratory, there was no sensation, we will live and live happily ever after!

45. Thanks a lot to the entire press office Rosenergoatom Concern OJSC and personally to Artyom aoshpakov Shpakov for organizing this trip!