1. The child should smile broadly and place a wide spread tongue between the teeth - only its extended tip should lie on the lower teeth. Make sure that the child does not bite his tongue with his upper teeth.
2. Ask the child to blow on the very tip of the tongue, so that a chill is felt on it. Let the child put his hand to his mouth and feel the exhalation on it.
3. While the child blows on the tip of the tongue, you place a toothpick on it along its midline, lightly press it on the tongue, forming a “groove” along which air will be “blown out” in the future. The toothpick should fit about two centimeters into the child's mouth. If the tongue will dodge, stick it deeper.
4. When you press the tongue with a toothpick, an indistinct "lisping" whistle begins to be heard.
5. After that, the child should bring the teeth together so that only a toothpick is placed between them (you do not need to bite it), and the tongue remains behind the teeth (inside). The child should continue to blow on the tip of the tongue, the exhalation should be felt between the teeth. During the convergence of the teeth, the whistle cannot be interrupted.
6. While the child is “whistling”, you press harder or, conversely, weaker on his tongue with a toothpick, moving it deep into the mouth or, conversely, touching it to the very tip of the tongue. Thus, you are looking for the position in which the sound [s] will sound the most correct.
7. When such a position is found, you train in it a whistling sound, which can be called a “mosquito whistle”.
8. At the moment when the sound [s] sounds right, you will need to carefully remove the toothpick from the child's mouth. For a while, the sound will continue by inertia.
9. You need to use this technique until the child learns to independently put the tongue in the right place and whistle like a “mosquito”.
10. After that, proceed to the pronunciation of syllables (according to the pictures).
11. If a child in a syllable loses the articulation of a sound, pronounce syllables with him for a while with a toothpick.
12. When the sound is pronounced correctly, tell the child what sound he pronounces.

Setting the sound [C] from the correct [C]

Ask the child to follow you in imitation to pronounce the sound [s "]. Look into his mouth and see where he has the tip of his tongue.
1. The tip of the tongue may rest against the base of the upper incisors or against the upper incisors. In this case, start giving the child the sound [s] (see below).
2. The tip of the tongue may rest against the lower incisors. Then first you have to teach the child to pronounce this sound when top position language.

Setting the sound [s "] with the upper position of the tongue.

Lean the tip of the tongue against the upper incisors and in this position pronounce the sound [s "]. Open your mouth slightly so that your articulation can be seen by the child. Ask the child to pronounce the sound [s"] in the same way as you.
Since the child already knows how to pronounce this sound, this task will not cause much difficulty for him, since he will check the correctness of his pronunciation by ear.

1. Let the child pull the “upper lingual” sound [s "]. You need to put your palm to your mouth (slightly from below) in order to feel the exhaled stream of air on it (slightly cool). Lips should be stretched into a smile.
2. During a long pronunciation of a soft sound [s "] (carefully following the air stream in the palm of your hand), the child should gradually round his lips and, in the end, stretch them into a tube, as when pronouncing the vowel [y] (only leaving a wider hole). You silently show the child how to change the shape of the lips, and he repeats this after you. The sound [s "] will sound more solid.
Make sure that the child, while rounding his lips, does not open his mouth wide at the same time, in extreme cases he can be allowed to put the upper incisors on the lower ones.
3. The child must always follow the air stream falling into the palm of his hand. Give him this instruction: “You should gradually stretch your lips forward, but the trickle of air should still fall on the palm. It will become more and more warm, and in the end you will have to make it hot.”
4. As a result, the child will get a solid sound [s]. If you notice that he is trying to maintain the softness of the pronunciation (it should disappear automatically with the rounding of the lips), tell him that his task now is not to pronounce the sound [s"], but to make a hot stream of air in the palm of your hand.
5. Tell your child that when he utters a sound with his lips stretched out into a smile, a skinny, small mosquito “squeaks” in his mouth, and the trickle of air turns out to be cool. And when he pulls his lips into a tube, then a fat, well-fed mosquito “squeaks”, and the trickle of air from this becomes hot.
6. In the end, invite the child to immediately "squeak with a fat mosquito." If this is difficult, let him say (in the picture) the syllable [su] (the child's lips are already in a suitable position). This syllable should pronounce "fat mosquito".
7. If the correct or almost correct sound [s] is heard, it will be necessary to push the lips forward, as when pronouncing the vowel [s] (so that the upper and lower incisors are visible). The teeth must remain closed. Show your child how to do it. The pronunciation of the sound from this will become more accurate. You can (in the picture) pronounce the syllable [sy].
8. To clarify the pronunciation, you can offer the child to press the tongue more tightly to the upper teeth.
9. In the future, fix the sound in the syllables [sa], [sy], [se], [so], [su] (“teach a fat mosquito to talk”).
10. When the child correctly pronounces the sound [s], tell him what sound he pronounces.

Sound setting [C] from interdental sound [C]

If the child pronounces the sound [s] interdentally (that is, his tongue sticks out between his teeth), ask him to pronounce this sound and see how he does it.
1. A "groove" may go along the child's tongue, the "outlet" of which will be visible to you upon examination. It is through this "groove" that the air stream should be supplied.
If the child has just such a pronunciation, when working on the sound [s], you can pronounce it aloud, call the sound by its proper name. You will immediately need to invite the child to pronounce the sound [s] (interdental), and in the future, simply explain and show him how best to “remove” the tongue behind the teeth (see below).
2. The tongue can lie between the teeth in a solid mass, no "groove" is formed along it, the air leaves the child's mouth, simply flowing around it.
3. The sound [s] can be pronounced in some other way (not interdentally).
In the last two cases, the child will first need to put the “correct” interdental pronunciation of the sound [s]. You cannot pronounce the sound [s] out loud.

Statement of interdental sound [s].

1. Let the child stick out a very wide tongue between the teeth. The tip of the tongue should be at the level of the incisors or slightly protrude forward. The lips should be strongly stretched into a smile. It is desirable (if possible) that the child slightly bite the tongue on both sides of the sides with the molars.
2. In this position, let him blow into the very middle of his palm, "making" the stream of air as cold as possible. You can put a piece of cotton wool on your palm and blow it off. The cotton wool should be about ten centimeters from the child's mouth. Trying to blow it off, he will create a "groove" in the middle line of the tongue. The release of air will be accompanied by an indistinct whistling sound. Make sure that the child's lips are constantly in a smile and do not participate in articulation. At first, the upper lip can be held with a finger.
3. Show the child in the mirror his “groove”, explain that air is flowing through it, draw his attention to the fact that a whistle is heard. Tell him that a big mosquito whistles in such a “rough voice”, and now you and he will learn to whistle thinly like a small one whistles.

The final setting of the sound [s].

1. The child must, without stopping “whistling” and looking in the mirror (so that his “groove” does not disappear), slowly remove his tongue behind the upper incisors, as if “stroking” them with his tongue until he is leaning against their inner side. Show him how to do this, avoiding the full pronunciation of the sound [s] (almost only with a slight noise blowing air out of your mouth).
2. When the child's tongue is on the inside of the upper teeth, an almost correct sound [s] will be heard. After that (according to your show), the child should cover his mouth in the form of a correct bite, a full-fledged sound [s] will be heard.
3. Draw the attention of the child to this sound, tell him that this is how a small mosquito should “whistle”.
4. In the future, "train" your mosquito to pronounce syllables (from the pictures).
5. After the child learns to pronounce syllables without difficulty, tell him what sound he has learned to pronounce.

Setting the sound [C] on inspiration

1. Let the child, with his mouth slightly open, place a flat wide tongue at the bottom of the mouth so that it is in contact with the lower teeth along the entire perimeter. Show him this articulation. Then he should close (but not clench) his teeth in the form of a regular bite and pull his lips into a smile.
2. In this position, after exhalation (shoulders should be lowered), the child should “suck in” very little air into himself, so little that he “hit” the very tip of the tongue and felt cold on it. As a result, a more or less intelligible, very quiet sound [s] will be heard.
3. If the sound [s] does not work out (just a “sob” can be heard), then the child took a too deep breath. You can even notice how his chest has risen. Tell him that he should not inhale, but only "draw in" a little bit of air through his teeth to "cool" the tip of his tongue. Show him how to do it, so that he understands to what extent he must perform an imperceptible action.
4. After that, tell the child to “blow out” the same air that he feels as a chill on the tip of his tongue (because it has not warmed up yet) through his teeth. Let it “blow off” it from the tip of the tongue and “strain” through the teeth. Lips should remain in a wide smile. As a result, the child will make a quiet sound [s].
5. In the future, let him pronounce the sound [s] while inhaling and exhaling (as if “chasing” the same tiny portion of air back and forth). Make sure he doesn't get out of breath, let him rest. The chest and shoulders should be lowered, lips extended into a smile. When you inhale, the air should exactly fall on the tip of the tongue and immediately “blow off” also from the tip of the tongue. You can invite the child to blow off the "feeling of chill" from the tip of the tongue.
6. When the sound [s] is stable enough, pay attention to the child that he gets a thin whistle, like a “little mosquito”. Let it “whistle” longer on the exhale.
7. Then you need to “whistle” only on the exhale - intermittently, with pauses (“a mosquito, they say, will whistle, then it will think a little, then it will whistle again”).
8. After that, proceed to the pronunciation of the syllables [sa], [se], [sy]. [co], [su] (according to the pictures). Tell your child that your "mosquito will learn to talk."
9. When the sound [s] comes out unmistakably from the child, tell him what sound he pronounces.

Setting the sound "C" side.

It is better to start setting the sound with practicing the reference sounds: [I], [F]. When the child begins to pronounce the sound correctly [I], ask to blow a breeze through the tongue, the sound [C] is heard.
Another way of setting: from the interdental sound [C]. This method helps to keep the lateral edges of the tongue in the same position. The child is asked to bite the tip of the tongue and at the same time pass the air stream over the tongue.

I talked about how to prepare for setting the sound R. After the articulatory apparatus is ready, you can start setting the sound. There are different ways to set R, each of them is good in its own way, so you can try all at once, in turn or at the same time.

The most reliable - from the "fungus". Tongue stick to the sky and blow on the tip of the tongue, there are a lot of variations: blow TSS, DZZ, JJ, TSHSH, just T or D. If the tongue falls down, hold it with probes or just index fingers in the region of the molars. Or just hold the probe between the teeth, preventing the jaws from closing. The method is very simple and reliable. The good thing is that the sound will always be perfect and correct.

Usually at the beginning you get a ratchet - DRRR, which is easy to process and turn into R. But it is also the longest in time, because learning how to make a fungus does not always work out quickly if the child has problems with tone or bite. This is the only way to correct an incorrectly articulated sound: side, throat, one-beat. But you need to keep in mind that if the fungus is performed incorrectly, the tongue does not stick to the sky, but simply rises up or wraps back, then the sound will not work. Or the baby does not blow on the tip of the tongue, it does not come out either.

We start the "motor"

This is the most famous and popular way. A wide tongue, like a "sail", lift up, resting on the alveoli. Run along its middle part with a ball probe or finger. Vibrate and say DDDDD or fricative DZZZZ.
The exhalation should be strong enough, and the tongue should be wide, of course, it should be sufficiently developed, with a narrow and thick sound it is very difficult to deliver. As, however, with a weak exhalation.

calling sound

The most popular is to evoke sound. This method is sufficiently described, for example, in children's literature, when a child, trying to imitate the growl of a tiger cub or the cawing of a crow, finally learns to speak R. It turns out cheap and cheerful, without the participation of a speech therapist. But there are a lot of pitfalls, often in this way, forcing the child to growl, pronounce words with this sound or speak tongue twisters, parents achieve a defective sound, the baby burrs in some exotic way, which is then difficult to wean.

Chatterbox

From "talker". The child quickly, quickly runs his tongue across the sky back and forth, this exercise has several names, in addition to the chatterbox, there is also a “turkey”. At the same time, it is possible to publish different sounds, if for setting R, then RYA-RYA or something similar to BRL-BRL. It is often possible in this way to cause a single-strike P or Pb, which is then strengthened and strengthened, turning into PPRR or DRRRRR.

Individual approach

In general, when staging, I use a physiological approach - I carefully observe what the child does better and what abilities develop faster. If the children already know how to make a ratchet - “shoot like a machine gun”, then we set it from DR. Sometimes, when performing articulatory gymnastics, a single-hit P is immediately obtained (without a long vibration). It remains only to achieve a long vibration.

With dysarthria

Setting the sound P in dysarthria is complicated by a weak palatal curtain, dystonia of the tongue and increasing salivation. Careful study of the voice is required. But if there is no adenoiditis, the sound is set relatively quickly, sometimes even before whistling and hissing. Over time, the child learns to swallow saliva, chewing a douche helps. Sometimes you have to massage the soft palate a little, this procedure is unpleasant, but very effective.

Setting soft and hard sound

It happens that it is required to set the sound P soft from hard, which is set faster. And the soft Pb causes difficulty, is not pronounced at all, or, for example, PY is pronounced as PYA. In this case, you must continue to do gymnastics (fungus, sail, painter). To differentiate the pronunciation of P and iotated, explaining to the child the difference in the position of the tongue.

Sometimes, on the contrary, it is necessary to set up a hard P from a soft P (Pb). If soft Pb is single-impact, then it is necessary to achieve long-term vibration, first Ppppb, translating it into PPP. Strengthen the tip of the tongue with a massage and increase its sensitivity (suck the tip to upper lip, alveoli, "clapping like a squirrel"). Then work out the difference between the pronunciation of soft Pb and hard P in syllables and words.

This concludes the article, in the following materials I will talk about how to fix an isolated sound and how to automate it in words, phrases and sentences. Read, subscribe to updates, write comments, share with friends and acquaintances in social networks.

Speech plays an important role in every person's life. Inconvenience and difficulty in communication can be caused by various speech defects. Therefore, it is so important to notice the wrong pronunciation in your child in a timely manner and begin to act. Setting the sound "C" is not particularly difficult. With the right exercises and regular exercise, you can quickly achieve success. How to do it?

Setting sounds in speech therapy is a special process, which is the development of the skill of pronunciation of a particular letter. It is important for a child to learn how to reproduce sound in any form, depending on the word, the combination of letters in it.

Often, speech therapists are faced with a speech disorder precisely when playing whistling sounds in children. There are two types of such defects:

1. sigmatism;
2. parasigmatism.

In the first case, the baby distorts the pronunciation right sound"C" or "Sh", and in the second - generally changes them to other sounds.

Therefore, it is so important to notice a speech disorder in a child in time and begin to instill the skill of correctly reproducing letters. Such pathologies can also negatively affect nervous system children, lead to the following diseases:

• Dysgraphia. It is a variety of violations. writing when a child involuntarily swaps letters while writing, replaces them with other letters, and so on.
• Dyslexia. This pathology does not allow the child to read normally, making it difficult to link letters into a single text.
• Dyslalia. With this disease, children have serious defects in the pronunciation of certain sounds.

Thus, there is no doubt that the production of sounds is important and obligatory. Parents should be patient and choose for their kids effective methods speech development, divided into certain stages, from simple to complex.

Preparatory activities

The production of whistling sounds first of all begins with the training of the child's breathing. He must be able to release an air jet with force. To do this, you can ask him to take air into his mouth and blow hard through the tube from his lips. You can use cotton wool or something else light, put it on a flat surface and blow it off to some distance. Or you can come up with a competition to see who can blow off the ball of cotton next. So the child will be more interesting to complete the task.

It is also good to carry out various exercises that develop the respiratory process. You can perform the following tasks:

• "Harmonic". Stand up straight, put your hands on your stomach with your palms, inhale deeply through the nasal cavity and hold your breath for a couple of seconds. Then exhale through your mouth. This exercise will help you exhale with intensification, learn how to correctly direct the stream of air.
• "Breeze". Pull out the lips with a tube, take in air and blow hard through it. In this case, it is necessary to put a palm in front of the mouth, which should feel a sharp cool stream of air.
• "Storm". Take any vial with a narrow neck. Bring to the lower lip and blow. The characteristic noise will indicate the correct direction of the air jet.

After performing breathing exercises, you will need articulation of sound. It helps a person to train the muscle tissues of the speech apparatus, develop skills correct location organs during the pronunciation of a particular sound.

To produce a hard “C” or a soft sound “Sh”, you can use the following tasks:

• "Naughty language". You need to smile, open your mouth a little. Position the tongue on the lower lip and slap it with your lips, pronouncing the syllable "pi" several times. Do this for one breath, and then fix the tongue in a passive state on the lip for a few seconds.
  At the same time, you can easily exhale the air. It is necessary to ensure that the lower lip is not tucked in and not stretched over the jaw from below. Also, the sides of the speech organ should touch the corners of the oral cavity.
• "Crap". You need to open your mouth, smile. On the lower lip, place the front of the tongue and fix it in this state for a few seconds. In this case, you can not strain your lips, stretch them widely, tuck or pull on the lower jaw. Also, do not stick out your tongue too much, it should cover only the lip, and its sides should touch the corners of the mouth.
• "Mountain". You need to open your mouth and smile. Then, with the wide tip of the speech organ, rest against the tubercles that are behind the lower jaw. Next, you should raise the middle part of the tongue until it touches the upper incisors, and then lower it. When performing the exercise, you need to look so that the tip of the tongue does not come off the tubercles, and all other organs of the speech apparatus remain motionless.

First you need to conduct simple classes, then gradually add tasks more difficult. The main thing is to do this regularly and with the desire to succeed in staging whistling sounds. You can find more detailed information about articulation exercises in our article -.

In order for the pronunciation of the sound “C” to be correct, it is necessary to control the position of the organs of the speech apparatus, as well as the breathing process during the reproduction of the letter.

After preparing the organs, you can go directly to the exercises.

Setting sound through imitation

Imitation is the easiest and preferred way of producing sound. Children like to repeat after adults, animals, so using this exercise to set the sound “C” will interest them.

To do this, you need to sit down with the baby in front of the mirror and show him the correct position and movement of the speech organs during pronunciation solid sound"C" and its mitigation. Then ask him to repeat the same. You can also ask the child to show how the wind blows, how the pump pumps up the wheel, and so on.

How to put sound mechanically?

Techniques for setting sounds include a mechanical method. To do this, you need to do the following:

1. Smile broadly, place a wide tongue between your teeth. At the same time, its tip should be only on mandible. It is necessary to control that the baby does not press the organ with his upper teeth.
2. Then ask the baby to blow on the tip of the tongue so that it feels cool. You can bring your hand to the mouth and feel the exhaled air stream.
3. While the baby is blowing on the tip of the tongue, it is necessary to put a toothpick on its midline, pressing a little on it. Thus, a “groove” is formed, along which a stream of air will then go. Insert a toothpick about 2 cm.
4. Ask the child to blow. During this, an indistinct hissing whistle will be heard. Then you need to close the jaws so that only a toothpick is placed between them, and the tongue remains inside. You also need to continue to blow on the tip of the tongue, the jet should be interdental. When the jaws close, a whistle is formed that cannot be interrupted.
5. While the baby is whistling, you need to press the tongue with a toothpick different strength move it back and forth. This will allow you to determine at what position the sound "C" sounds right.
6. Once this position is established, you can further train pronunciation. At the time when the child correctly says the letter "C", you need to slowly pull the toothpick out of the baby's mouth.
7. For a certain period of time, it will continue to correctly reproduce whistling sounds without this device, but then it may go astray again. Therefore, it is necessary to train in this way until the child himself can correctly set the desired position of the speech organs.
8. You can consolidate the result of this exercise using the pronunciation of syllables and words. If it is more difficult for a child to reproduce a sound as part of a word, then the mechanical method can again be used.

Staging from other sounds

You can put the correct pronunciation of the sound "C" from other sounds. Among them, such letters as "Sh" and "C" are used. When setting the pronunciation from "Sh", you must perform the following steps.

• Ask the baby to start pulling the sound “Sh”, and at the same time, slowly move the tongue forward. The speech organ itself cannot be torn off from the palate, the upper and lower incisors should be parallel to each other.
• The occurrence of intermittent pronunciation indicates that the child has torn off the tongue from the palate, which cannot be done. Then it is necessary that he opens his mouth and continues the initial sound production session.
• With the incisors open, a soft “Sh” sound will be heard first, then a fuzzy whistling sound, and then the correct pronunciation of the “S” sound. Then you should be asked to close your mouth and try to pronounce a sound with closed incisors.
• Let the baby try to find the position of the tongue in which the sound “C” is the most correct. As soon as the pronunciation is correct, you need to fix it. To make it more interesting for the child, we can say that a mosquito squeaks like this, and the baby will imitate him.

You can also put a whistling sound using the letter "C". True, this option is used much less often, but it does not hurt to know it.

• The baby needs to pronounce the sound “C” for a long time and drawl. In this case, the sound "C" will be clearly audible. The most important thing is for the baby to hear and be able to take into account this letter.
• In case of difficulties with the pronunciation of an isolated "S", you can first practice using the letter combination "CS".
• The result is also important to consolidate. This requires regular repetition of syllables, words, tongue twisters.

What methods exist for sigmatism?

Children who suffer from sigmatism and parasigmatism can also be taught correct pronunciation. To do this, it is necessary to select speech therapy exercises for sound that are suitable in a particular case.

Interdental sigmatism

Setting the sound with such a violation is to demonstrate to the baby how the organs of speech are correctly located during the pronunciation of the sound "C". If a child fails to imitate an adult, then they perform a staging with mechanical assistance.

Lateral sigmatism

In this case, it will be necessary to prepare the organs of speech in order to activate the activity of the muscle tissues of the sides of the tongue. As a result, the baby should be able to raise the sides until they are in full contact with the side teeth.

Then you can resort to an exercise in which you need to blow on the front of the speech organ, then on its tip, and then, hiding the tongue behind the jaw.

Nasal sigmatism

Such children need to perform the following exercise. It is necessary to reproduce the letter “F” for a long time and drawlingly. Insert the wide tip of the tongue between the lower lip and upper incisors and blow on it, pronouncing the sound “Ф” and slowly removing the organ by the lower incisors.

Dental parasigmatism

Sound production in this speech disorder is performed only by demonstrating the correct location of the organs. There is also an emphasis on tactile sensations. The child brings his hand to his mouth, if the air flow is correct, then cold is felt. You can set the sound from the soft "S".

It should be remembered that classes should not be stopped as soon as the child was able to correctly reproduce the sound, even if there is no longer a violation. The set pronunciation must be fixed with the help of poems, tongue twisters, stories and other works.

Thus, the production of sounds is very important for human speech. Therefore, if there are difficulties with reproducing this letter, you should definitely contact a specialist and perform exercises regularly.

Articles and Lifehacks

All novice users, when typing a message, cannot find where the hard sign is in the iPhone. And, really, if you look closely at the keyboard, you can see almost all the letters, except for this one.

Then most people start to write words with a double apostrophe, misspelled words or use the AutoCorrect function, but all this can be avoided. After all, a solid sign is still available in the Apple smartphone, it's just hidden to save space on the display.

How to find a solid mark

To find the required character when sending a message or writing a note, do the following:

1. Press the button with the soft sign and hold it.
2. Now, without lifting your finger, select the letter you were looking for in the window that appears.
3. To write capital letter b, before delay soft mark press the arrow key.

At first it will seem a little complicated and not convenient, but over time you will bring this skill to automatism and stop paying attention to it when sending SMS.

For those who are not used to finding a hard character on the American keyboard, smart people have created several keypad options that can only be installed with a jailbreak - access to the file system.

If it was not possible to find a solid sign

• When the first iPhone was released in 2007, almost all users were faced with the fact that the characters on the keyboard are much smaller than they actually are. And many simply did not understand where to look for a solid sign, the letter Yo and other signs.
• The developers explained that to find some signs you need to use the touchscreen. At the same time, it was promised that in future versions the possibility of placing all letters on the main keyboard would be considered.
• The iPhone 3G came out, followed by the 3GS, but the situation didn't change, and Kommersant was still hidden. The owners of the fourth generation of the iPhone were sure that the fifth would certainly come out with all the letters, but this did not happen.

Now that the release of the sixth version is just around the corner, many have already gotten used to it and have stopped asking how to find a solid sign.