Ra ... pisses from the desire of ra .. to get into writing?

Then let's start.

Prefixes on -з and -с

In our language, the morphological principle of spelling operates, which is based on the fact that all morphemes are usually written in the same way. A morpheme is a part of a word that has some meaning: it changes the word form (ending), forms a new word (prefix or suffix), or contains the main lexical meaning(root). In accordance with this principle, the spelling of consonants and vowels in prefixes is determined by the following rule:

Prefixes are always written the same way, and their spelling does not depend on how they are pronounced.

You can see examples below.

This is how prefixes are usually written, but not the prefix ras- and raz-. The spelling rule for this case is peculiar, the so-called phonetic: how it is heard is how it is written. This rule applies to all prefixes that end with the letters -з or -с.

raz-, ras-: to part, to open;

from-, is-: pour out, eradicate;

voz-, vos-: rise, ascending;

vz-, sun-: weigh, open;

bez-, bes-: sinless, artless;

down-, down-: overthrow, descend;

through-, interlaced: extreme, interlaced.

Rule for -З and -С

The spelling of prefixes on s-s, raz-, ras-, including, is determined by the rule:

Letter h written before consonants voiced, letter with written before consonants deaf.

Now it does not hurt to remember what we call voiced consonants and what are deaf:

Voiced consonants	voiceless consonants
This is how the prefix ras- and raz- is written, the rule is indicated by highlighting
pity provoke exhausted smash cut	straighten defocus roll trumpet expand quarrel diverge disengage cleft

So, from all of the above, confirmation of the phonetic principle of writing a prefix with -c and -z at the end follows.

Prefixes on -з and -с must be distinguished from the prefix s-

The main difference between the prefix - from the prefixes on -з and -с in that с- consists of one letter and is always written the same way, and there must be some letters before -з and -с.

Make - undress, dump - scatter, squeeze - get hold of, burn - kindle, compress - unclench, flavor - got rich, conspiracy - conversation, save - disassemble, twist - develop, perish - unbend, rake - rake.

Words without prefixes

Prefix with- and prefixes on - s and -s (the spelling rule given above) should not be confused with words without prefixes: building, here, health, vision, zgi (no zgi not to be seen).

The letter z is written at the beginning of these words.

Prefixes raz-, ras-, rose-, ros- have vowel alternation

There is another difficulty that the prefix ras- and raz- can present. The spelling rule for prefixes on -з and -с is not the only one. There is another spelling in this prefix.

The spelling of vowels in the prefix raz-, ras- - rose-, ros- is represented by an alternating morpheme and does not follow the generally accepted rule. How do you spell raz-, ras-, rose-, ros-? For this spelling, there is a special rule: without stress we write times-(ras-), and in shock position we will write roses-(ros-): distribute - handed out, pour - bottling, play - draw, paint - painting, draw - stroke.

Let's repeat what we learned

At the beginning of our research, we asked ourselves:

Ra ... pisses from the desire of ra .. to get into writing?

Let's get back to him.

How are prefixes written in -з and -с? The spelling rule -з and -с at the end of prefixes makes it possible to make the following reasoning:

In the word "bursting" - the prefix ras-, because after the prefix there is a deaf consonant sound - [p].

In the word "understand" - the prefix raz-, as follows after it a voiced consonant - [b].

The rule about the alternation of o / a in the prefix ras- - ros-, raz- - ras- is used in the argument:

In the words “burst” and “understand” an unstressed prefix, which means you need to write the letter “A” in these words.

Test

So, we have received knowledge about how the prefix ras- and raz- is written, the spelling rule has been learned and worked out. It's time to move on to the practical part and complete the test.

From these sentences from A. Green's work, write out the words that have prefixes with studied spellings.

1) Many years will pass, and one fairy tale will blossom, which will be remembered for a long time. One day when you're big sea ​​distance sparkling scarlet sail. A ship with scarlet sails, cutting through the waves, will sail straight to the shore. There will be a crowd of people on the shore, and you will be there. The ship will approach to the sound of beautiful music, and a boat will sail from it, all in carpets, flowers and gold. A handsome prince will stand in the boat, he will stretch out his hands to you and say: "Hello, Assol! I dreamed about you in a dream, and now I came for you." You will sit in a boat with him and sail far, far away to a magical land where the sun wakes up. And the stars will descend from heaven to see you and congratulate you on your arrival.

2) She lived in a drowsiness of security. But the strange attachment to the son was probably one of the inclinations that are vaguely felt, leaving the will inactive. Cold and impregnable, Lillian Gray, left alone with her son, became just a mother, talking in an affectionate voice about all sorts of trifles of the heart, all the power of which is not in the sense, but in the feeling. She absolutely could not refuse him anything and forgave everything.

3) At the age of fourteen, Arthur secretly left the house. Soon a schooner left the port, taking away the cabin boy with the appearance of a girl dressed for a masquerade. That cabin boy was Gray. During the year, Arthur wrapped his possessions, consisting of patent leather boots and thin cambric linen, on a cake, and squandered the rest in cards. He drank, choking, vodka, with a beating heart at the bath, he jumped head down from the side of the ship into the depths of the sea. He gradually lost everything, except for his strange soul, flying and striving. He lost the weakness and grace of his body, becoming broad in bone and strong in muscle, his noble pallor was replaced by a dark tan, his movements disappeared, giving way to the confident precision of a working hand. Speech has lost fluidity, has become precise and short.

The captain of the schooner, a stern sailor, once seeing how skillfully Arthur knits a sail on a yardarm, called him to his cabin and said, opening a tattered book:

Listen carefully. We begin to make a captain out of a puppy.

4) She went ashore and, waiting for dawn, worried and timid, quite seriously peered into the horizon, waiting for the appearance of scarlet sails. These moments were the happiest for her among the gray everyday life, and it was difficult for her to refuse them, although they separated her from all other people, making her a laughing stock and an outcast. Loneliness weighed heavily on her, and that pained wrinkle had already laid down on her lips, which nothing could erase, only joyful animation.

5) Assol hurried to the sea. Sometimes the roofs of houses or sheds hid from her a white ship and scarlet sails. Then Assol, fearing the disappearance of the vision, hurried with all her might, and only when she again saw the scarlet sails, she stopped, breathing a sigh of relief. As soon as Assol appeared in the crowd, everyone fell silent and parted in front of her in fear, and she was left alone in the void, confused, happy and ashamed. With cheeks no less scarlet than the sails, from which she did not take her eyes off, she helplessly stretched out her hands towards the wonderful tall ship. From the excitement, the brilliance of the water and the radiance of scarlet silk, the girl could no longer distinguish what was moving: herself, the ship or the boat that had separated from the ship.

check yourself

1) Blossom, dissecting, ascending.

2) Inactive, talking.

3) Lost, opened, frayed.

4) Dawn, immensely, blot out.

5) Sighing, confused, helpless, discern.

Spelling of prefixes ending in Z and S

1. In prefixes ending in З and С, the spelling of the final consonant depends on the pronunciation: before voiceless consonants they pronounce [s] and write “s”, and before voiced consonants and vowels they pronounce [з] and write “з”.
Consider examples:
RAS-SAW, UNDER-TO EDUCATE, UNDER-WAKE.
In the same way as the prefix RAZ- (RAS-), the spelling of the prefixes IZ- (IS-), WHO- (VOS-), WITHOUT- (BES-), NIZ- (NIS-), VZ- (VS-) is checked , WHO- (VOS-), etc.

2. Please note: the prefix C- belongs to the group of prefixes that are always written the same way, it does not change depending on the sounds after it.
Compare: C-DO, C-THROW.

3. In addition, you need to remember that the words HERE, HERE, BUILDING, HEALTH, HELLO always begin with the letter "Z".

An exercise

1. In the middle of the forest, on a cleared and worked clearing, the lonely estate of Khorya rose up. (I. S. Turgenev, "Notes of a hunter")
2. The door swung open completely noiselessly, and a young beautiful woman in a white apron and a lace cap appeared before the dog and the master. (M. A. Bulgakov, “Heart of a Dog”)
3. The officer, excited by the wine, the game and the laughter of his comrades, considered himself severely offended and, in a rage, grabbed a copper shandal from the table and let it in Silvio ... (A. S. Pushkin, "Shot")
4. I _ grabbed the papers and quickly took them away, fearing that the staff captain would not repent. (M. Yu. Lermontov, "A Hero of Our Time")
5. Try to look at the lightning, when, breaking up the clouds as black as coal, it unbearably trembles with a whole flood of brilliance. (N. V. Gogol, "Rome")
6. Returning to the drawing room, the three of them sat down: the old men remembered the old times and the anecdotes of their service, and Alexei pondered what role he should play in the presence of Liza. (A.S. Pushkin, "The young lady-peasant")
7. The centurion sat almost motionless in his room; the same hopeless sadness that he had met before on his face remained in him to this day. (N. V. Gogol, "Viy")
8. Crossing himself and muttering something, a sad little man flew by, without a hat, with a completely crazy face, and a scratched bald head and in completely wet pants. (M. A. Bulgakov, The Master and Margarita)
9. ... How unspeakably magnificent and clear the day becomes when the light finally triumphs and the last waves of warmed fog either roll and spread like tablecloths, or twist and disappear in the blue, gently shining heights ... (I. S. Turgenev, “ Hunter's Notes
10. We sat down at the table; the host was exceedingly in good spirits, and soon his cheerfulness became general; the corks clapped every minute, the glasses foamed and hissed incessantly, and with all possible zeal we wished the departing man a good journey and every good. (A. S. Pushkin, "Shot")
11. He broke off and again stared at me with the same bulging eyes and with the same long, convulsive, meaninglessly questioning smile, moving more and more. (F. M. Dostoevsky, "Teenager")
12. The sight of his collapsing yard, the sight of a greatly changed, dried up and strangely quiet, slightly crazy mother, did not make any impression on him. (I. A. Bunin, "Merry Yard")
13. Curiosity began to bother me, and I hoped that the punch would solve the language of my old acquaintance. (A. S. Pushkin, "The Stationmaster")
14. All day the undertaker rode from Razgulay to the Nikitsky Gates and back; By evening he managed everything and went home on foot, letting go of his driver. (A.S. Pushkin, The Undertaker)
15. As soon as the countess leaves, her people will probably leave, the porter will remain in the hallway, but he usually goes to his closet. (A.S. Pushkin, The Queen of Spades)
16. Elena was alone and therefore did not _ keep herself and talked in an undertone, then in silence, barely moving her lips ... (M. A. Bulgakov, "White Guard")
17. Someone's eyes, black, black, and moles on the right cheek, matte, vaguely _ flashed in the sleepy darkness. (M. A. Bulgakov, The White Guard)
18. Many residents of St. Petersburg, who spent their childhood in a different climate, are subject to a strange influence - the sky of today. (M. Yu. Lermontov, "Princess Ligovskaya")
19. What were his intentions, fears and hopes, only God knows, but, apparently, he was ready to take a decisive step, to give a new direction to his life. (M. Yu. Lermontov, "Princess Ligovskaya")
20. Finally, the door opened, and he walked slowly up the wide stairs. (M. Yu. Lermontov, "Princess Ligovskaya")
21. Only one office can sometimes reveal home secrets, but the office is as impenetrable to outside visitors as the heart ... (M. Yu. Lermontov, "Princess Ligovskaya")
22. It’s strange, thought Pechorin, getting into the sleigh, there was a time when I read all the movements of thought on her face as mistakenly as my own manuscript, but now I don’t understand her, I don’t understand at all. (M. Yu. Lermontov, "Princess Ligovskaya")
23. These _ data, which at first glance only surprise you like everything great, over time _ become precious for you when you remember that _ here our education developed and grew ... (M. Yu. Lermontov, “Princess Ligovskaya")
24. At the _ chopped tree, on the ground, the forester was busy; he held the thief under him and twisted his hands behind his back with a sash. (I. S. Turgenev, "Notes of a hunter")
25. With one turn, Biryuk pulled the sash from the peasant's elbows, grabbed him by the scruff of the neck, pulled his cap over his eyes, opened the door and pushed him out. (I. S. Turgenev, "Notes of a hunter")

The exercise was prepared by N. V. Solovieva and B. A. Panov (“League of Schools”).

rule

It's about about prefixes from- (is-), without- (bes-), times- (ras-), voz- (sun-), vz- (sun-), bottom- (nis-), through- (through-). It is believed that with the letters Z and C we have different spellings of the same prefixes. Indeed: OUT and IS have the same meaning: outward movement. And since there is one meaning, then there is one prefix.

At the end of the prefix is ​​written W if the root or following prefix starts with vowel or voiced consonant. Before voiceless consonant spelled With. The easiest formula to remember is: deaf with deaf, voiced with voice. Although this formulation is slightly incorrect with scientific point terms are used, but it is easy to remember and convenient to apply when writing.

The variability of consonants in these prefixes is due to pronunciation. Before deaf consonants, [C] is pronounced and written With, and before voiced consonants and vowels, [Z] is pronounced and written Z. The sound at the end of the prefix is ​​deafened or voiced under the influence of neighboring consonants or vowels.

The rule cannot be used if you do not know which letters represent voiceless consonants and which letters represent voiced consonants. Many people think that the letter C stands for a voiced sound. Indeed, it sounds louder than the rest of the deaf consonants, but is considered deaf. Repeat this stuff.

voiced

b

in

G

d

well

h

th

l

m

n

R

deaf

P

f

to

t

w

with

X

c

h

sch

Examples

cloudless (before a vowel.);

useless (before the deaf);

ruthless (before voiced);

unpack (before deaf)

crush (before voiced);

scratch (before the deaf);

product (before voiced);

ignite (before the deaf);

make (before voiced);

fall down (before the deaf);

fall down (before voiced);

Remember the spelling of words in which errors often occur:

too

disappear

and from under the forehead

from the bottom

on the sly

worldview

worldAcceptance

lifeless

ruthless

tasteless

and scratch

When and why did the rule originate?

But Lomonosov wrote "it seems to me", leaving native speakers freedom of choice, and besides, he himself did not always adhere to the principle put forward. Therefore, almost until the end of the 19th century, the rule was advisory in nature and people wrote prefixes without any rules, as they heard, "arbitrarily." And the tradition of writing C in cases of stunning and Z in cases of voicing consonants has developed by itself. But when developing the first spelling rules, philologists of the 19th century introduced a restriction: "Prefixes without- and through- are always written through z: careless, measureless, through-band. The rest of the prefixes (raz-, from-, voz- and others) keep z before with and voiced consonants, and before the deaf they accept with: story, rise, to forbid, to get rid of, to spread, to proceed, to raise up. As you can see, remembering in which prefixes and in what cases it is necessary to write Z has become much more difficult. It was necessary to write not as it is heard, but differently. In this version, the rule did not last long. The reform of the Russian language in 1918 greatly simplified it.

Regarding the spelling of the prefix without- (without-) disputes have not stopped for almost a hundred years, since the reform. It was then that it was customary to write this prefix on the basis of the phonetic principle (deaf with deaf, voiced with voiced). Before the reform, there was only one option - without. The rest of the prefixes ending in Z and S, by that time in most cases it was already customary to write the way we write them now.

The controversy was caused by the coincidence of the prefix bez- and noun demon. Opponents of the reform believe that demons have been let into the language, which will surely destroy Orthodoxy, and possibly the entire Russian people.

During the same reform, the spelling of the prefix through- (through-) also changed. Before the reform, there was only one version of the prefix and the word too it was written like this: "too much".

The rule acquired legal force, like all other rules of Russian spelling, in 1956. In the rulebook, it reads like this: " In prefixes without-, voz-, vz-, from-, bottom-, times-, roses-, through- (through-) in front of deaf k, p, s, t, f, x, c, h, w, u written with instead of z, for example: useless, educate, plow, bite, overthrow, scatter, painting, striped, but: tasteless, mediocre, take a nap, excite, save, etc. " And it is this wording that can be used in appeals.

What to look out for

• There is no single prefix in Russian W, there is only a prefix C, which is written always equally before voiced and deaf consonants. Made, Escaped, Moved, Rake. Consider a couple of wordsWith beat - raWbeat(in the first word the prefix With, in the second prefix ends with W, since the root begins with a voiced consonant).
• In words Building, Here, Health, no Zgi(not visible) letter W is part of the root. These words are not exceptions and have nothing to do with this rule at all, but it is better to remember them so as not to confuse them with words with prefixes when writing.
• Pay attention to the spelling of words in which there are doubled consonants z or s at the junction of the prefix and the root. If the root starts with Z or S, at the junction of the prefix and the root is written 33 or SS.
• The prefix may not be at the beginning of a word. Here are examples. In the word Miro WHO vision prefix WHO appeared in front of the second root. This does not prevent the rule regarding prefixes from being applied. She never ceases to be a prefix. Thus, a double letter appears W in the middle of a word (voz - prefix, zren - root). Transfer. Some write in this word W, assuming that perez- this is a prefix and the choice of a letter is influenced by voiced D. But such a prefix does not exist. This word has two prefixes: pere and s.
• A consonant sound can be deafened or voiced not in a prefix, but in the root, and, of course, the rule regarding prefixes does not affect the choice of a letter. For example, in the words close, inferior W is part of the root, so before the voiceless K and Sh we still write W. You can make a mistake in fishing nearby, having accepted near for an attachment. It is obvious that the root sid. Butnear is not an attachment. This is the first root. See more
• Foreign prefixes dis- and dez- are always written the same way, the neighboring letter does not affect the choice of Z or C: imbalance, disharmonious, disqualification, dysgraphia, disinfection. Foreign prefixes and combinations DEZ (DE) -, DIZ (S) -, EKZ (EX) - end in - Z only before vowels: deactivation, disassociation, disjunction, exalted - BUT! decapitalization, devaluation, dysbacteriosis, discrimination, experiment

Used pedagogical technologies : technology problem learning, development of critical thinking

The purpose of the lesson: Familiarization with the spelling of prefixes RAZ- and RAS-

Lesson objectives:

Educational::

1. Identify selection conditions vowels in attachments;

2. To form the skill of writing prefixes once- / race-;

3. Repeat morphemic parsing words;

4. Develop the ability to formulate a definition of concepts;

5. Enrich vocabulary students;

6. Improve spelling and skills.

Developing:

1. Implementation of a system-activity approach;

2. Development of attention;

3. Formation of UUD (personal, regulatory, cognitive):

4. development of the ability to formulate and prove one's point of view;

5. development of skills to analyze, compare, generalize;

6. develop the ability to apply new knowledge;

7. development of creative, speech abilities of students;

8. formation of logical skills;

9. development of the ability to rely on what is already known, on one's own subjective experience;

10. development of the ability to formulate a problem.

Educational:

1. Raising interest and respect for the native language;

2. Education of a value attitude to the word;

3. Development of communicative UUD:

4. Creation of a favorable atmosphere of support and interest, respect and cooperation.

Lesson type: learning new material

Forms of student work: frontal, individual, group.

Required technical equipment: computer, multimedia projector, DER used in the lesson.

During the classes

The bell rang loudly
Lesson starts
Our ears are on top,
The eyes are well open.
We listen, we remember
We don't waste a minute.

We came here to study
Don't be lazy, work hard
We work diligently
We listen carefully.

Every day, always, everywhere
In the classroom, in the game,
Feel free to speak clearly
And we sit quietly.

I am glad to see you in a good mood, and I hope that we will work very amicably and actively today.

2. Updating knowledge

- Today we have an unusual lesson. Today you will acquire knowledge and evaluate yourself. And I will help if needed. Well, let's start our lesson with a repetition of the studied material. Let's check how good your knowledge on the topic "Morfemics" is. To do this, we will conduct a small game "Believe - do not believe." I will read the statements, if you agree, put “1” in the appropriate cell, if not - “0”.

1. A section of the science of language that studies parts of a word - the basis.

2. The significant part of the word is a morpheme.

3. The basis is a part of a word without an ending.

4. Ending - a morpheme after the root, forming new words.

5. Root - home significant part the words.

6. Words with the same root are called single-root.

7. Prefix - a morpheme in front of the root, forming new words.

Now let's check your answers. Did everyone complete the task? We evaluate the work according to the criteria. You all have criteria. If you didn’t make a single mistake, put “5” in the “Achievement List”, if you have 1-2 mistakes - “4”, whoever made 3-4 mistakes - “3”, but who has more than 4 mistakes, that respectively receives only 2 .

3. Setting a learning goal.

Guys, in the morning I found a sheet of text on my desktop. Only bad luck: I could not read it - some letters disappeared somewhere. Let's try to read together.

1. In the middle of the forest, on a ra..cleaned and ra..worked glade, in ..the lonely estate of Khorya rose. (I. S. Turgenev, "Notes of a hunter")
2. The door completely ..noisily opened ..slammed, and a young beautiful woman in a white apron and a lace cap appeared before the dog and the master. (M. A. Bulgakov, “Heart of a Dog”)
3. The officer, excited by the wine, the game and the laughter of his comrades, considered himself severely offended and, in a rage ... grabbed a copper shandal from the table and let it in Silvio ... (A. S. Pushkin, "Shot")
4. I ... grabbed the papers and quickly took them away, fearing that the staff captain would not repent .. repent. (M. Yu. Lermontov, "A Hero of Our Time")
5. Try to ... look at the lightning, when, ra ... cutting black, like coal, clouds, it does not ... tolerably tremble with a whole flood of brilliance. (N. V. Gogol, "Rome")
6. In ... returning to the living room, the three of them sat down: the old men in ... remembered the old time and the anecdotes of their service, and Alexey ra ... thought about what role he should play in the presence of Lisa. (A.S. Pushkin, "The young lady-peasant")

What do all the words with missing letters have in common? (missing the letters z-s).

What part of the word is missing letters? (in attachments)

Try to formulate the topic of the lesson. (Spelling of prefixes times- and races-).

Correctly. Today in the lesson we will talk about the spelling of the prefixes RAZ- and RAS-. Write down the date and the topic of the lesson.

Guys, could you fill in the missing letters correctly? (No)

What do you need to know to write these words correctly? (rule)

You're right. So what is the purpose of our lesson? What should we learn for the lesson, what skills should we master?(to learn how to write words with such prefixes correctly, under what condition it is necessary to write once, and when ras-.)

We must learn to identify right choice writing prefix. On your table are cards with the words ra .. limit, ra .. wake up, ra .. say, ra .. get away, ra .. look, ra .. rage, ra .. lead, ra .. make laugh. Try to distribute them into 2 columns, words that are written with the prefix ONE-, and in the second column ONE-.

Well done, now let's try to formulate the rule with you. (then turn to the textbook on p.58)

Reasoning algorithm
Z or S?
Look at the next consonant after the prefix
if voiced write Z if deaf write C
without - demon
who - sun
times - races
Conclusion: what determines the spelling Z, S at the end of prefixes? (from the voicedness and deafness of the consonant following the prefix)

Have we formulated the rule correctly? (Yes)

We managed to learn something new about consoles? (yes)

What prefixes did you learn about?

Let's continue to learn new things about the prefixes of races, times.

An exercise in spelling prefixes times- and races.

Insert missing letters, select prefixes. (with explanation at the blackboard)

Ra ... torment, ra ... carry, ra ... throw, ra ... scare, ra ... get dressed.

Make a conclusion.

Suggest if the same rule will apply to the prefixes from-\is-, without-\bes-, voz-\vs-

Work with proverbs and sayings.WITHOUT or WITHOUT?
-P recite proverbs. How do you understand the meaning of these sayings? What proverbs do you know?
A tree without birds is a fruitless tree.
The strong always have... the strong is to blame.
A fool will condemn, a smart one will judge.
Write off the proverbs, graphically indicating the choice of spelling.
!!! Explain the spelling of the letters SS in the words powerless, judge.
Conclusion: at the junction of the prefix and the root, two SS and ZZ are written, if one of them refers to the prefix, and the other to the root.

Well done boys! And now we have to meet the heroes of Pushkin's fairy tales. Now I will read excerpts from fairy tales known to you, and you try to guess which fairy tale the passage is from, find a word for the studied spelling ...
Boil, raise a howl,
Will rush to the empty shore

2. But the princess is young,
blooming silently,
Meanwhile, she grew and grew.
Rose and flourished.

3. Suddenly there was a slight ringing,
And in the eyes of the whole capital
The cockerel fluttered from the knitting needle

4. “Have mercy, empress fish!
More than ever, the old woman freaked out ... "

5. The devil got scared, yes to his grandfather,
Talk about Baldova victory

Well done. I am very glad that you know Pushkin's fairy tales so well.

Our next task is to solve tests
Mark the correct answer:
1. Word with a prefix without-
a) be..marginal
b) without .. numerical
c) painless
d) be.. noisy

2. The word with the prefix ras-
a) ra .. become
b) ra..think
c) ra..give
d) ra .. to say

3. The word with the prefix bes-
a) be..joyful
b) be.. noisy
c) be..cherished
d) be.. careless

4. The word with the prefix raz-
a) ra .. made noise
b) ra .. crevice
c) ra .. screw
d) ra..clear

Group work.
Group 1 - form adjectives from these words

1. Sky without stars (starless)
2. Entrance without a fee (free)
3. Desert without water (anhydrous)
4. Road without end (endless)
5. child without help (helpless)
6. Colorless liquid (colorless)
7. Crying without a sound (silent)
8. Movement without noise (silent)
9. Chocolate without taste (tasteless)

Group 2 - add prefixes to the verbs times- (ras-), vz- (sun-), from- (is-).
Beat, throw, run, watch, edit

Reflection of activity. (summarizing the lesson)

E.A. Makovey, teacher of the Russian language, secondary school No. 1 in Adygeysk,
A.I. Arkhipova, Professor of the Kuban State University

§ 2. Spelling prefixes

Prefix, prefix (from lat. praefixus"attached in front") - part of the word before the root. In Russian words, there can be from 1 to 3 prefixes before the root: tremble, join, open-open. Most Russian prefixes coincide in form and partly in meaning with prepositions (roadless - without a road, verbal - from the verb, from below, from under the brows - from under the forehead), particles (not appearing - not to appear). Among the prefixes of the Russian language there are a number of borrowed ones: a in the meaning of "not", anti - "against", archi - "very", counter - "against", pan - "all", sub - "under", trans - "through" and etc.

2.1. Spelling of invariable prefixes
Most of the prefixes in Russian are invariable, i.e. regardless of the sound in one position or another, they are written in the same way. The spelling of such prefixes should be memorized. See the list of invariable prefixes in the table:

	called out, stop, sediment, go numb
	reach, reach, guess
	belief, courtyard, cut, rely
	boil, gap, trick, grow
	In a special sense: (meaning of kinship) great-grandmother, proto-language
	attack, cover, overtake
	ask, prisoner, pick up, score
OVER- (OVER-)	bite, crack, inscribe, tear
POD- (POD-)	melt, undermine, suggest, wait
OT- (OTO-)	give away, rest, push back, open
OB-(OBO-)	cut off, grind off, wipe off, bypass
B- (VO-)	relish, sew, cling to, involve
PREV-	chairman, predecessor, predetermine
RE-	humus, overflow, skew
C- (CO-)	move go astray save surrender make friends do bend over	No prefix in words: here, local, building, health, never mind and single roots.

2.2. Spelling of prefixes on ... s - ... s
In Russian, there are prefixes in which letters alternate W and With :
WITHOUT- / WITHOUT-, TIME- / RAS-, WHO- / VOS- (VZ- / VS-), FROM- / IS-, BOTTOM- / NIS-, THROUGH- / THROUGH- (THROUGH- / CHES-)

In .. click; along .. walking; ..make; ra.. burn.

The choice of consonant is carried out according to the following rule:

2.3. Spelling prefixes PRE- and PRI-

Words starting with pre- and at-, have different origins in Russian.
Some came from Latin. In these words, the Latin prefix prae- became part of the Russian root (president, presidium, presumption, predicate, reward, claim, applicant, prefect, precedent, preparation, presentation). The Russian language also borrowed Latin words with a root starting with at (priority, privilege, private).
Others are of Old Slavonic origin. They are characterized by the Slavic prefix pre-, which is often included in the modern root (obstacle, repose, advantage, beautiful). In the language, these words retain their book character.
Finally, many words pre- and at- are of Russian origin.

It is clear that it is impossible to draw up a clear rule for all cases. Therefore, the spelling rule proposed below is suitable mainly for words in which the meaning of the prefix is ​​​​clearly guessed.

Let's remember some cases:

shape, shine disregard bride's dowry aisle of the temple radio susceptible gatekeeper pretend window arrive at the train arrival stick on the door lay your head on your shoulder bow at the door look after an orphan get down to business impregnable bastion visiting doctor make an effort downsize (slightly downsize) put a chair stumble inapplicable technique endure hardships come up with questions to be present at the meeting

betray a friend, dreams bury ancient legend limit of patience head successor the continuity of generations misrepresentation, vicissitudes of fate turn ideas into reality stay on vacation residence squabble over trifles bow your head in respect inflexible man, advanced age, bow down to talent despise cowards break the law criminal is of lasting importance immutable law downplay (significantly reduce) to die (to die) stumbling block indispensable condition endure hardship, change incessant, incessant

2.4. Spelling of vowels in prefixes NE- and NI- in
indefinite and negative pronouns,
pronominal negative adverbs.

Note.The rule applies to words of other parts of speech if they are formed from negative pronouns and adverbs: doing nothing, worthless, worthless, worthless, in a draw.

2.5. Spelling of consonants at the junction of the prefix and the root.

Retelling + tale = retelling (-s-)
race + skaz = story (-ss-)
race + quarrel = quarrel (-ss-)

Remember:calculation (race + even), but: calculate (race + count);
countless (dev + s + even).

In words tear apart, tear apart, ruin write one 3.