(1 option)
A.S. Pushkin in 1822 wrote “Song of prophetic Oleg”, which is based on a historical event. Pushkin himself called his work “Song...”, emphasizing the connection with the oral folk art and pointing out an important feature of the work - the desire to glorify “the affairs of bygone years, the traditions of deep antiquity.”
The writer’s position is revealed through the use of various artistic and expressive means in the songs: epithets (“prophetic Oleg”, “formidable armor”, “on a bright brow”, etc.), metaphors (“you know no wounds”, “years
They lurk in the darkness”, etc.), comparisons (“a grave serpent…like a black ribbon”), personifications (“a crafty dagger”, “circular buckets, foaming, hissing”, etc.). To convey the flavor of the era and create the atmosphere of that time, outdated syntactic and stylistic constructions are used:
Here comes the mighty Oleg from the yard,
Igor and old guests are with him,
And they see - on a hill, on the banks of the Dnieper,
Noble bones lie...
The text contains a lot of archaisms and Old Slavonicisms: “at the mournful funeral funeral”, “you will stain the feather grass under the ax”, “and the cold and the flogging will do nothing to him”, etc.
Portraying the characters in the song, A.S. Pushkin pays special attention
Some specific trait of the hero. For example, Prince Oleg is “prophetic”, since on the one hand his fate is known, notified, on the other hand it is predetermined, and indeed, it is not in the power of the prince to change it.
The magician plays in the work the role of a wise old man, independent of worldly life, therefore he is “submissive to Perun... alone, a messenger of the covenants of the future.” Oleg's horse is both his best comrades during difficult battles and a symbol of death, from which the prince is destined to die:
Your horse is not afraid of dangerous work...
Then he rushes across the battlefield.
And the cold and slashing are nothing to him...
But you will receive death from your horse.
“The Song of the Prophetic Oleg” by A.S. Pushkin was written in amphibrachium. Amphibrachic verses are distinguished by smoother intonation compared to other ones poetic meters, and therefore this size is used, as a rule, when narrating in lyric-epic genres.
The noted artistic features allow us to attribute the work of A.S. Pushkin’s “Song of the Prophetic Oleg” to the best examples of artistic creativity.
(Option 2)
The chronicle does not give an idea of the character of the people described. The chronicler is called upon to be objective, he lists facts, but a work of art is subjective, since this is the author’s point of view on an event or the personality of the hero. The text may not contain a direct author's description of the character, but the means that the author chooses to create his work already tell a lot to the attentive reader.
The vocabulary used by Pushkin helps us to immerse ourselves in the world of the era described: “now”, “gathering”, “magi”, “lord”, “gate”, “head”, “enemy”, “cutting”, “reposed”, “ feast." Historical authenticity of what is happening is given by well-known facts from Oleg’s life (the fight against the “unreasonable Khazars”, “the shield on the gates of Constantinople”). Solemnity is created with the help of the rhythm chosen by the author of the song: “How the prophetic Oleg is now gathering // To take revenge on the foolish Khazars...”. The spaces of the warrior prince and the magician are contrasted: one is always in the open, the other comes out to the prince from the dark forest, and Oleg himself goes to meet his fate: “And Oleg drove up to the wise old man.”
The fourth part of the text is occupied by the text of the prediction, which suggests that even the number of lines can tell us the significance for the author of a particular detail. The song has two talking characters - Oleg and the magician. Prophetic Oleg addresses the sorcerer, the horse (living and dead), and the squad. Even the thoughts of the prince are known to us thanks to the author: “What is fortune telling? // Magician, you lying, crazy old man! // I should despise your prediction!” The song contains many appeals (“magician, favorite of the gods”, “my comrade, my faithful servant”, “youth-friends”, “lonely friend”...), characterizing the attitude of the main character towards the one with whom he is speaking.
The work is small in volume and eventful, but still, when describing the grave, the author devoted two lines to the steppe landscape: “the rain washes them, the dust covers them, and the wind stirs the feather grass over them.” Epithets, as always, color the text: the forest is “dark”, the village is “light”, the sea is “blue”, the stirrup is “gilded”, the curls are “white”, the snake’s ribbon is “black”. Twice in the text of the song the scene of the feast is repeated, together with Oleg and already without him, “the fighters remember the days gone by and the battles where they fought together.” The word “remember” has two meanings: to say goodbye (to celebrate a wake) and to remember.
They remembered Oleg’s prophetic vision in the 19th century, and they still remember it now.
Please help! Answer questions on literature, grade 6! Ballad Song about the prophetic Oleg.1. How does Pushkin portray the magician? What epithets express the author’s attitude towards him? How does A.S. Pushkin’s “Song of the Prophetic Oleg” differ from the chronicle legend?
2. Read the dialogue between Oleg and the magician in their faces. Think about how to convey Oleg’s confidence in his strength and power and the pride and dignity that sound in the magician’s answer.
3. What descriptions of the heroes and individual words of the ballad help the reader to be imbued with the spirit of distant antiquity and “see” our ancestors?
in his Tsaregrad armor, the Prince rides across the field on a faithful horse. From the dark forest, towards him, comes an inspired magician, an old man obedient to Perun alone, a messenger of the covenants of the future, who has spent the whole century in prayers and fortune-telling. And Oleg drove up to the wise old man. “Tell me, magician, favorite of the gods, What will happen to me in life? And soon, to the joy of my neighbors-enemies, will I be covered with earth at Mogilnaya? Reveal to me the whole truth, do not be afraid of me: You will take a horse as a reward for anyone.” “The Magi are not afraid of powerful rulers, And they do not need a princely gift; Their prophetic language is truthful and free and friendly with the will of heaven. The coming years lurk in darkness; But I see your lot on your bright brow. Now remember my word: Glory to the Warrior is joy; Your name is glorified by victory; Your shield is on the gates of Constantinople; Both the waves and the land are submissive to you; The enemy is jealous of such a wondrous fate. And the deceptive wave of the blue sea In the hours of fatal bad weather, And the sling, and the arrow, and the crafty dagger The years spare the winner... Under the formidable armor you know no wounds; An invisible guardian has been given to the mighty. Your horse is not afraid of dangerous work; He, sensing the master's will, now stands quietly under the arrows of enemies, now rushes across the battlefield. And the cold and the slashing are nothing to him... But you will accept death from your horse.” Oleg grinned, but his forehead and gaze were darkened with thought. In silence, leaning his hand on the saddle, he dismounts from his horse, gloomy; And a faithful friend is stroked and patted on the neck with a farewell hand. “Farewell, my comrade, my faithful servant, The time has come for us to part; Now rest! No foot will ever step into your gilded stirrup. Farewell, be comforted - and remember me. You, fellow youths, take a horse, Cover it with a blanket, a shaggy carpet, Take it to my meadow by the bridle; Bathe; feed with selected grain; Give me spring water to drink.” And the youths immediately departed with the horse, and they brought another horse to the prince. The prophetic Oleg feasts with his retinue at the merry clink of a glass. And their curls are white as morning snow Above the glorious head of the mound... They remember days gone by And the battles where they fought together. “Where is my friend? - said Oleg. - Tell me, where is my zealous horse? Are you healthy? Is his running still as easy? Is he still the same stormy, playful person?” And he listens to the answer: on a steep hill, he has long fallen into deep sleep. Mighty Oleg bowed his head and thought: “What is fortune telling? Magician, you lying, crazy old man! I would despise your prediction! My horse would still carry me.” And he wants to see the horse's bones. Here the mighty Oleg rides from the courtyard, With him Igor and the old guests, And they see - on a hill, near the bank of the Dnieper, Noble bones lie; The rain washes them, the dust covers them, and the wind stirs the feather grass above them. The prince quietly stepped on the horse’s skull and said: “Sleep, lonely friend! Your old master outlived you: At the funeral feast, which is already not far away, It’s not you who will stain the feather grass under the ax and water my ashes with hot blood! So this is where my destruction was hidden! The bone threatened me with death!” From dead head Meanwhile, the grave snake, hissing, crawled out; How black ribbon, wrapped itself around his legs, And the stung prince suddenly cried out. The circular ladles, foaming, hiss at the mournful funeral of Oleg; Prince Igor and Olga are sitting on a hill; The squad is feasting on the shore; The fighters remember the days gone by and the battles where they fought together. 1). Prepare a detailed answer to the questions: what did the magician tell about the life of the prince?, compare the texts of the ballad and the chronicle. , what do you see as the difference and what do they have in common? 2). How is the relationship between the “mighty ruler” and the “wise old man” revealed in their dialogue? What can you say about each of them and who do you think is more attractive? Whose side is the author on? help me please
According to various legends, he was buried near Staraya Ladoga. As the locals say, one of the ancient hills is the grave of the famous prince. Why "prophetic"? So he was called for his brilliant quality of foreseeing the situation. It was especially evident when, having unfurled the sails and put the ships on wheels, he reached his intended goal, one might say, quickly. It’s not for nothing that Pushkin’s ballad “Song of the Prophetic Oleg” school curriculum comes after studying “The Tale of Bygone Years” - this makes it possible to compare two identical events described by different sources.
History of creation
Why does Pushkin even turn to such distant events? An analysis of “The Song of the Prophetic Oleg” cannot be carried out without delving into the poet’s goals.
Pushkin's freedom-loving poems served as a reason for Alexander I to send the poet into exile to the south by decree of Alexander I. He visits many ancient cities, including Kyiv. Here the poet became interested in one of the ancient mounds. Local residents claimed that this was the grave of someone who died a very mysterious death.
Pushkin studies the works of Karamzin, where he retells the plot of “The Tale of Bygone Years” about the death of the glorious ruler.
This is how his “Song of the Prophetic Oleg” was born. The year it was written is 1822.
We should not forget that Pushkin was a true connoisseur of history. His works about “things long ago” days gone by" are very numerous. In Oleg, he saw, first of all, a hero capable of uniting Rus' and raising patriotic feelings.
Legend and plot
Any literary work of a historical nature is based, first of all, on historical facts. However, the vision of a writer or poet may differ from the original source: he can bring his own assessment, give life to events, even embellish them somewhere.
The plot of Pushkin’s ballad is similar to that which represents During the next campaign, a sorcerer, a magician, turns to the Grand Duke, the prophetic Oleg. He predicts that the master will meet death from his beloved horse, with whom he fought many battles.
Oleg immediately orders his faithful friend to be taken away, but orders that he be well looked after.
Next we see Oleg, already gray-haired. During the feast, he remembers his faithful friend - the horse. He is informed that the animal has died. Oleg decides to visit the resting place of his faithful friend and ask for forgiveness. The prince comes to the bones of the horse, is sad and lamented. At this time, a snake crawls out of the skull and inflicts a fatal bite.
The work ends with Oleg's funeral.
Features of the genre
If you carry out genre analysis“Songs about the prophetic Oleg”, it will become clear that, by its definition, this is a poetic work based on some historical or other event. Often the plot is fantastic.
Another feature of the ballad is the dramatic nature of the events depicted and the unexpected ending. Pushkin embodied all this in his work. “The Song of the Prophetic Oleg” contains a lot of fantastic things, starting with the old magician, his prophecy and ending with the death of the prince.
The poet himself, immediately reading about this event, saw in it a plot for his future work. He wrote about this to Alexander Bestuzhev, noting “a lot of poetry” in the story of the death of the famous prince.
Subjects
Let's consider what the “Song of the Prophetic Oleg” represents at the semantic level. The theme of the work does not fit into any one concept. Pushkin raises various topics:
Idea
Analysis of the “Song of the Prophetic Oleg” is impossible without an ideological outline. What does Pushkin want to say with his work? First of all, about the predetermination of what happens to a person. No matter how hard we try to push away evil rock, it will still overtake us.
Yes, Oleg was able to delay the moment of death by moving his horse away from him and not contacting him. However, death still overtakes the prince. Thus, Pushkin is trying to reveal a very important philosophical problem that great minds have thought about. Fate and freedom: how are these concepts related? Does a person really choose his own destiny (Oleg sends his horse away) or is it impossible to deceive fate (the death of the prince), as Pushkin believes? “The Song of the Prophetic Oleg” clearly answers: everything that happens to people and is destined for them from above cannot be changed. The poet was convinced of this.
Artistic and expressive means
Let us analyze the “Song of the Prophetic Oleg” based on the means of expression used. Pushkin gave the legend from The Tale of Bygone Years his own vision, revived it, and made it sparkle with all its facets. At the same time, he conveyed the verbal flavor of Rus' in the 10th century.
Even the name itself is already poetic. "Song" is a method of worship that dates back to ancient times. Folklore works that came to us through the centuries immediately come to mind.
To convey the flavor of that era, special syntactic constructions are used in the speech; the poet’s speech is replete with archaisms (“trizna”) and archaic phrases (“feather grass”).
The text in Pushkin contains many apt epithets, which he carefully worked on (the poet's drafts remain). Thus, the original epithet “proud” as applied to the old sorcerer was replaced by “wise”. This is really so, because Oleg is proud and arrogant, and the magician is calm and majestic. Let us also indicate the most striking epithets: “glorious head of the mound”, “inspired magician”, “prophetic Oleg”. Metaphors are also abundant in the ballad: “the years are hidden in the darkness”, personifications: “the buckets are making noise.”
The poem is written in an even and calm amphibrach, characteristic of lyric-epic works. It slowly tells the story of the sad fate of Prince Oleg.
The literary heritage of the 19th century includes the work of A. S. Pushkin, who, significantly ahead of his time, created poems and poems that are interesting to this day. The poet often touched on historical topics, comparing events and phenomena of the distant past with what was happening before his eyes. Let's consider the genre of Pushkin's "Songs about the Prophetic Oleg", one of the most significant works in which history comes to life.
Creation
Work on the work lasted for a year, and it was written in 1822. Pushkin’s “Song of the Prophetic Oleg” had a real basis: the poet turned to ancient Russian chronicles, in which a plot related to one of the Kyiv princes was retold in detail.
This was a difficult time in the poet’s life:
- In 1820 he was sent to Chisinau, the first of his exiles.
- The Ovid Lodge, which he joined, was dissolved by the emperor, and soon there was a ban on the activities of Masonic lodges in general.
Pushkin felt that freedom was becoming more and more limited, so he turned to the historical past of the country, wanting to find in it the answer to the questions that tormented him.
Plot Features
Pushkin uses the plot of the chronicle, giving it a special poetic sound. According to the original source, Prince Oleg managed to glorify his name with a victorious campaign against Byzantium, after which he earned the nickname Prophetic, that is, looking into the future, able to predict.
“The Tale of Bygone Years” characterizes him as a brave warrior, a wise ruler, a decisive military leader who makes unconventional decisions. In his work, the great poet pays little attention to the description of the heroic campaigns of the prince; he focuses on a single episode - Oleg’s conversation with the magician and death.
The genre of Pushkin’s “Songs about the Prophetic Oleg” is ballad. To prove this thesis, it is necessary to consider the features of this genre.
Specifics of the ballad
What features are inherent literary works, which are ballads in their genre specificity?
- First of all, this is a poetic form.
- The plot of such a text is based on some heroic or mysterious event, taken from legends or folklore.
- The plot is built according to a certain plan: it begins with a beginning, followed by a climax and, finally, a denouement.
- The text contains both the feelings of the author and the experiences of his characters.
Often in such works one can trace the motif of mysticism, mystery, and fate. The key characters of the ballads appear as strong, integral characters and personalities. It can be noted that such texts combined the features of a song and a story about a heroic event.
Genre of the work
Based on the above features, let’s consider whether the genre of Pushkin’s “Songs about the Prophetic Oleg” is really a ballad.
- The work is written in poetic form and is lyrical-epic.
- The key character is a real historical figure, Prince Oleg, whose story is described in a reliable source, The Tale of Bygone Years. There is a mention of events that actually happened (for example, Oleg’s campaign against Constantinople). At the same time, the death of the prince “by his horse” is more fictitious than reliable, but the author of the chronicle believes in what he describes. This already proves the fact that the genre of Pushkin’s “Songs about the Prophetic Oleg” is truly a ballad.
- Further, an element of mystery is also present in the work. The prince talks with a sorcerer, a fortuneteller (a magician, as the poet calls him), asks him to look into the future, to predict the cause of his death.
- The key character in the text is the prince - an undoubtedly heroic figure, a brave warrior and wise ruler.
These features allow us to be convinced that the genre of Pushkin’s “Song of the Prophetic Oleg” is truly a ballad. By calling his work a “song,” the poet emphasizes its closeness to folklore sources, which is also inherent in the texts of this genre.
Types of ballads
In literary criticism, several types of ballads are distinguished:
- Historical (telling about some heroic event or famous historical figure, more often - real).
- Family and everyday life (they talk about some special events in the life of ordinary people).
- Scary (the plot is a description mystical phenomenon, actions of otherworldly forces).
- Robbers (an example of such a work is the ballad about Robin Hood, the people's defender and intercessor).
- Tragic (the characters in such works suffer misfortunes).
Based on this classification, it should be noted that Pushkin’s poem in question, “Song of the Prophetic Oleg,” is a historical ballad by genre.
Construction Features
Another proof of the genre of the text is that it is written in a ballad stanza. The peculiarity of this stanza is that a different number of feet is used in even and odd verses.
In Pushkin, this specificity is obvious; lines with 3 and 4 feet alternate, that is, the poet really used a ballad stanza.
All this allows us to conclude that the genre of Pushkin’s “Songs about the Prophetic Oleg” is a ballad. For lyric-epic texts (which include ballads), the meter of amphibrach verse, characterized by even intonation, was often used. It was to this size that the poet turned.
Means of expression
In order to tell readers about Prince Oleg, the poet uses a whole range of artistic means:
- Epithets (prophetic Oleg, unreasonable Khazars, violent raid, fatal bad weather).
- Metaphors (years spare the winner).
- Comparisons (snake “like a black ribbon”, curls are white “like morning snow”)
- Personifications (noble bones lie, the rains wash, the wind stirs).
All these techniques allow you to create a text that is easy to read and understand, but at the same time expressive and lyrical. To best help the reader immerse himself in the world of a bygone era, Pushkin actively uses archaic words(fuss, poleaxe, slaughter) and outdated syntactic constructions.
Similar means were often used by other ballad authors, for example, Zhukovsky. In the work “Svetlana” one can find figurative epithets, personifications, and metaphors.
Subjects
Let's analyze the theme of Pushkin's "Songs about the Prophetic Oleg", the genre of which is defined as a ballad. The work clearly contains the theme of fate, fate, which a person cannot deceive. It would seem that Oleg is a powerful prince, smart and far-sighted, his shield is “at the gates of Constantinople”, his enemy is jealous of his fate, but this hero could not resist the will of fate. By giving up his beloved horse, he may have delayed the inevitable, or he may have acted exactly as was required of him.
In any case, even Grand Duke failed to emerge victorious from the battle with fate, let alone an ordinary person.
Other the most important topic, which is set in Pushkin’s “Song of the Prophetic Oleg” (its genre is defined as a ballad), is the relationship between the poet and the authorities. The magician who predicted the prince’s fate refused the gifts offered by Oleg and said that “the magi are not afraid of mighty rulers” because they always tell the truth. The old man with whom the mighty prince was talking is characterized by Pushkin as “submissive to Perun alone.” A magician does not bow to a person who personifies power. Likewise, a poet should not be afraid to tell the truth, even if it is displeasing to the rulers. Let us remember that at the time of writing the text, Pushkin is in exile, he is offended, considers himself misunderstood, these reflections resulted in a poetic text on a historical theme in the answer of a magician full of proud dignity.
The fact that the sorcerer’s prediction turned out to be true proves that truth will always win.
Character Confrontation
In “Song of the Prophetic Oleg” by Pushkin, the genre of which is ballad, there is a contrast between two heroes:
- Prophetic Oleg is a smart, brave and courageous warrior. It is not for nothing that the prince was given this epithet; he is truly so wise that he can predict the actions of his opponents. Confident, empowered.
- A magician is a sorcerer, a person who is given the ability to open the door to the future. This character is not afraid to look into the eyes of a powerful ruler and tell him the truth.
And in the end, it is the predictor who turns out to be right. Both heroes evoke sympathy, but it is the magician who personifies the poet, endowed with a special gift, who in Pushkin’s contemporary time turns out to be misunderstood and persecuted.
We looked at Pushkin's "Song of the Prophetic Oleg". We also determined what genre the poet chose to express his oppressive thoughts - this is the ballad genre.
