Antsiferov, Nikolai
Nikolai Stepanovich Antsiferov(10/28/1930, Makeevka - 10/16/1964, Moscow) - Soviet poet. He headed the poetry department of the Moscow magazine. Author of many poems about miners.
Biography
Born in the family of a miner, in Makeevka.
He began publishing in 1952.
The first creative mentor of Nikolai Stepanovich was the writer Anatoly Martynov. Graduated from evening school; then he entered the Moscow Literary Institute named after A.M. Gorky.
The poetry of Nikolai Antsiferov was highly appreciated by Jean Paul Sartre.
Looks the village half asleep
For more than a decade
And sees nothing but
Miner's joys and troubles.
Not all of Antsiferov's poems were censored: the poem "Nakhalovka", created in the early 1950s, offered by Antsiferov to all literary publications, was published only in 1991. It talks about a mining village forgotten by God and the bosses, past which " car dealers roll into communism". In one of the episodes of the poem, the director successfully uses the shacks of modern miners as scenery for a film about the pre-revolutionary Donbass. According to Antsiferov, the episode was based on a real fact.
Quotes
In that hungry forty-seven
Me, hungry, seventeen,
Bread went to get a hump ...
I work like a noble
I only work lying down.
Do not find better jobs
This honor is not for everyone.
This is only in our slaughter:
Only lying down - neither stand up nor sit down.
When I come out of the ground
So I smile at the sun
As if with him
I have not seen a hundred thousand years and winters.
And suddenly I saw
Coming out of the ground...
- Did you hear? Just think about it! -
The grandmothers gasp. - Well well!
I otchubuchi Antsiferov Kolka!
He brought his wife from Moscow...
... All week for every reason
The viewing headquarters chattered:
- Young walked on water ...
- Do not look askance at the local women ...
As a result, about the Muscovite
Problem solved:
“There are Muscovites - inveterate birds.
There are - suitable for wives.
Ministry of Education and Science
Donetsk People's Republic
Lesson presentation
Nikolay Antsiferov - singer of Donbass
Completed by: Marchenko L.Z., DOSH №69
Donetsk 2016
Donbas singer.
Target : to acquaint students with the biography and work of N. Antsiferov, who sang in his works the courage and greatness of the people of the mining profession, creating the wealth and beauty of their native land;
to cultivate respect for the people of the mining profession, love for work, pride in these courageous people;
to develop the reading interests of students, to enrich their horizons with knowledge of the literature of their native land.
Leading: ... everything I wrote is only about miners, miners...
They write about Donbass in geography,
That Donbass is the land of coal and metal.
Right. But for complete biography
It is very dry, very little.
It seems there is a song about Donbass,
Spoil heaps and copra are sung.
It's true, there are. I agree.
These are just outward signs.
Well, where are the people? They are not visible...
That's why I'm sad and sorry...
I want to talk about fellow countrymen.
Maybe it will turn out clumsily
Still
Miner
About the miners
How I can,
To tell
I have the right.
Leading: "" Silence. Underground. Two thousand men don't cough, they don't creak their chairs. In a minute they will laugh, admire, wave their hands, but - listen, listen, listen, so as not to utter a letter of something so familiar, their own, miner's ... And thirty minutes will fly by like one breath, and the director will look at his watch, and the dispatcher will shout that he will not stop the shaft and the cage, and the miners will chant: “Read more! Let's get the prey! Let's catch up! ”- so with his simple and at the same time heartfelt poems, N. Antsiferov aroused the interest of the miners in himself and his poems.""
Reader:
Brake
Let me explain, at least dryly,
What is "brake":
Black loaf bread,
Lenten piece of bacon...
In a tight coal mine
And darkness, and dust, in the dirt,
Glad for a moment's break
Suddenly hearing: "Brake!"
Relief, ooh-ah,
The blood beats harder in the temples.
Shirts are put on
Get "brakes".
In general, the conversation flows
With proletarian frankness:
After a delicious lunch
According to the law of Archimedes,
A smoke break with a nap ... -
... We braked - and on the road.
And there is no fatigue.
Like again, by God,
You are born into the world.
In our region there is a proverb
Very close to the truth
There is no bread without a crust
And the miner - without brakes.
Leading: For the first time, N. Antsiferov's poems were published on the pages of the Komsomolets Donbassa newspaper in 1952. According to his friend, Donetsk journalist A. Martynov, in his poems "there are a lot of rude, but very well-aimed and accurate miner's words and expressions." It is these rude, but very well-aimed and accurate miner's words and expressions that give a special, unique miner's smell to his poems.
Nikolai Antsiferov wrote about simple everyday things in such soulful, spiritual words that, for example, ordinary coal dust was sung in his poems as a healing healing balm for strong and courageous people.
Reader:
coal dust
Is it useful or harmful?
Let the doctors think about it.
Even in diapers, we learned
That the dust, of course, is not grub.
But breathing it underground,
We don't think about it at all.
What - ah! - what kind of dust is bad,
What will happen to us later.
From the dust we are scary as hell.
But there are no health complaints.
I don't know exactly how old
But we will live
Until death.
Leading: After reading Antsifer's poems, the miners always have one question:Where can I get a book?, it is impossible to get it for any money. “I remember at one of the Gorlovka mines,” recalls Anatoly Martynov, who personally knew N. Antsiferov, “after the meeting, we showed a small collection of the poet"" Favorites"" publishing houses"" Donbass"". The director of the mine, on parole, begged her until the morning. As it turned out later, at night he raised poetic anxiety typists of five nearby mines and they reprinted the collection in dozens of copies. In the morning there was a holiday in the mines - on all the outfits they read the poems of the poet-countryman.
Reader:
In mine
Mine, comrades, not the subway
And not a resort in the Caucasus ...
For a thousand meters
to the Earth in the gut
We climb to work.
Somewhere above us tartarara,
Hell over us somewhere.
There is no chill here
No heat here
It's neither winter nor summer here,
Here, from the dust, the dough in the mouth,
Here half-naked, shining, in sweat,
Chumazy, blackener than a black man.
It's just us and the bowels.
The breed at the top
The breed below
Breed left and right.
Rock-sandstone machines gnaw
Special alloy cutters.
Iron and stone. Who will win?!
Often there are curiosities:
Melts, crying, the metal will "win",
Shedding iron tears.
There are no incisors, and there is no time.
We are standing. For a change - no place ..
There's tobacco and dinner up there,
And I have a fiancee.
Up there, spring and accordion,
There are songs and dances.
And here - the foreman spits on his palms:
And - a few words in Donbass.
(These words cannot be typed
And talk in front of the girls.)
There are reasons to go home:
Vlipli, the song is sung.
For this they will not be threatened with prison,
They won't get fired for it.
Well, they break it. And shame is not smoke,
Which eats out the eyes ...
But we won't leave, but we won't give up,
After all, we are miners.
Leading:
Antsiferov Nikolai Stepanovich - poet-citizen. The poet-miner of the difficult post-war period, who does not hide the severity of underground labor, proudly and with humor sings of the greatness of the work of miners. He was born in 1930 in a hereditary mining family.
Reader:
From childhood
Darker than coal
He came home from work.
“Don’t smear the child,” said the mother.
And I was burning to tears then hunting
father
So dirty
To embrace.
My dad let me lather my back.
I did it with great joy,
But I was only half happy
And, as if in a circus, I asked to be killed.
I so wanted to visit the drifts!
But I heard bad news
That I'm only a quarter of a man
What do I need to eat two pounds of salt.
I became an enemy of confectionery
(Salted the stew with the father on a par)
And marked his height seven times a week
Scratching a nail on the wall.
Leading: Nikolai grew up at the Makeevka mine"" Sofia"". Like all miners, he called her with an emphasis on" about". Donbass, its people, the hard work of a miner, a very specific, but well-known and beloved by the poet world, sounds in almost every poem by Antsiferov, who became a singer of the mining region. “He was a kind of plenipotentiary of a young tribe of knights of underground labor and spoke in poetry on their behalf,” wrote S. Smirnov. “The poems of Nikolai Antsiferov are like pieces of anthracite, in which hardness and flame, weight and energy are concentrated ...”
Reader:
The beginning of the biography
I wanted to buy " forefather ".
" prakharya " – creaky boots.
To speak in conscience,
To be an excellent (at that time) type,
Shafts accordion to.
To release pants-trousers.
So that the cap does not climb on the forehead.
So that at the dance - my girls.
So that he could with a guitar chord
Sing on equal terms with enviable chic
About the unknown port of Vanino
instead of the ancient
""
Gop with a closure
"".
To ... But you never know ""to""...
Oh, accordion bootlegs!
At the flea market, a goon huckster
He killed with a word-bullet "thousand"!
A thousand - a fortune -
I am unable to get it.
After all, in America to die
The rich aunt could not die:
see pedigree-
No, it never was, and never will be.
You won't find my relatives there.
And to steal ... I was afraid to steal.
I knew how clever you are,
But for this native power
Do not stroke, catching, on the head.
AT "" forefather "", "" forefather "", "" forefather ""
My philosophy has gone...
sucked my anchors
Unforgettable mine "" Sofia "".
"" Lie in the bowels of the earth, -
claimed who was not in the mine, -
A thousand meters long rubles,
In a thousand grams of crusty bread "".
So far no ruble
I don't like worship.
And then not for a long ruble
(Long ruble, by the way gossip)
in that hungry forty-seven
Me, hungry, seventeen
Bread went to get the hump.
I blew half a thousand days
Falling into the underground vaults ...
Still I "" forefather "" did not buy,
Because they are out of fashion.
Leading: Barely hit ten"" Sofia"" the fascists came. Preserved at
N. Antsiferova yellowed photograph taken by a sergeant major as a warning"" Russian pigs"". For the fact that a hungry boy wanted to pull off an overcoat in a German kitchen in order to exchange it for barley, a severe punishment was coming. The Nazis made a dinner party; set the table for two"" persons"", one of which was a hungry 12-year-old Kolka Antsiferov, and the other was a German shepherd.
Reader:
Dinner party
Twenty plus photographs.
A snapshot of the past...
I am hugging a shepherd
I sit at the table.
The table is neither edge nor end.
The table is set for two people.
The boy, the shepherd - a napkin,
By the knife
Two filled cups.
(I hold the cup alone,
like a toast I pronounce:
"" It's a great honor for me
Have a drink with you, your honor "". )
"" Your honor is a dog's face, -
Tilt your head to the side,
Proudly looking proudly
Skal's teeth, into the lens.
The boy has no face
The table is set for two persons ...
This is how it really was:
The Fritz drank, the Fritz ate,
Fritz sincerely noisy.
Fritz sweated great,
Fritz threw off their overcoats.
"" Why not steal them?
I will have a holiday
For an overcoat of a viper suit -
One hundred glasses of barley "".
It is easy and simple to take an overcoat,
How to steal the globe of the earth ...
A little taller than me
The dog grew up in front of me.
He is a forceful gait
is approaching me.
At the tailed fascist
What do you know on your mind?
Pokes on the cheek quietly
Sticky black nose - shotgun.
Kiss climbs dog
Or is the dog going to fight?
Mystery of the son of a bitch
Disturbed to tears
Man is a friend of a dog, -
As among people, however,
There are dogs among dogs "".
And smearing tears
I say: "" What is zeen zee ?
If a friend stop threatening
If not, let's gnaw "".
...
Fritz drunk in chorus,
write a verdict.
They call me a thief.
What the hell am I, a thief?
Half my country was stolen
And talk about morality
From physical violence
I am saved by the photographer:
The table is laid for two persons:
On the left is me, the dog is on the right.
Click. Ready. Danke shen…
And when it went differently
The life that drove the thugs away
I fed stray dogs,
did not feed the captured Fritz.
Leading: The horrors of the fascist occupation, suffered in childhood, left an indelible mark on the poet's heart.In a cycle"" Shakhtarchata"", in a completely autobiographical cycle about the occupation, there is not a word of fiction, there were in fact both a dinner party and executions.
Reader:
Execution
I did not watch the shooting in the cinema,
I was present at the execution.
I was not the only one who watched the execution,
All fourth grade watched.
On what, not knowing, affairs
Under the tutelage of a foreign soldier
The teacher brought us
Like I used to take you to the movies.
Buds swelled in the city garden,
Indifferent to the news
Dirty stone angels
They scoffed at the new authorities.
The officer. Young man,
Ideal appearance racial,
Tasted Rostov "" Kazbek "",
Tossing a coin in the palm of your hand.
Offered us to briefcases
(In order not to catch a cold), sat down
Caution - the ground is damp!
Wishing to live for a hundred years,
Gently took out a gun...
The prisoners were taken out of the barn.
He shot without a misfire bastard.
After every one they killed
We were shoved a gun at random:
"" Bitte! Bitte, you! Beat you! ""
And with perseverance stubborn
Explained how to pull the trigger.
This was extracurricular lesson,
Provided by the new program.
There were no volunteers to shoot,
The girls choked with tears.
Moved below the cap.
The girls hugged the boys.
He playfully fawned,
Smiling naively holy:
"" Freunde Kinder, their liege ""
(I love you guys friends).
And the girls, as their own daughters,
Gently wiped away tears with a handkerchief ...
and fired again one at a time.
Buds burst on the trees.
They threatened him with fists
Dirty stone angels.
Leading: In 1943, Makiivka was liberated, and a gang of miners went to the mining school. With them and the future poet. After college, Nikolai is an underground electrician at the same mine"" Sofia"". Gone are the years of mining at the native mine-breadwinner. Every day at five in the morning into the lava. According to the memoirs of A. Martynov, in life Antsiferov Nikolai Stepanovich was "impulsive," clockwork ", desperate and a little reckless." Such and main character his verses. "A merry fellow, a hard worker, crafty and cocky - his lyrical hero. Of the hardest work, he can say: "I work like a noble, / I only work lying down."
Reader:
nobleman
I work like a noble
I only work lying down.
Do not find better jobs
This honor is not for everyone.
This is only in our slaughter:
Only lying down - neither stand up nor sit down.
I lie on my back like a gentleman.
My friend is nearby, a stubborn guy.
"Let's push!" -
And in the hands of a shovel
Everything is faster and more fun.
Only coal is not cotton wool at all:
A little stronger and heavier.
Oh, and coal feather bed!
Do not tell about it in verses.
Squirming like a ballerina
But the shovel plays in the hands.
Rest for a minute or two!
Rest when idle.
The family man talks about bread
The bachelor speaks of love.
But a couple of minutes will fly by -
And my partner is right there.
Whispers: “Kolya, come on, come on!
We got together, do not lag behind!
The skin on the back dances again.
I answer my friend: “Yes!”
I work like a noble
This honor is not for everyone.
Leading: PAfter the publication of the first poems, N. Antsiferov was urged to go to work in a newspaper, he did not understand how it was possible to leave his guys, his brigade, he was afraid that the miners would condemn him, consider him a dude who ran away for easy bread. And although he agreed, for a whole year in the editorial office he was tormented by doubts. And the mine went up. After a year of work in the editorial office, he returned to his native brigade.
Reader:
My inspiration
I can't write
In unusual conditions
If everything is at hand
And no need.
I'm sure I'll get stuck
At the very first word, I
Squeeze the throat with a noose
Silence and peace.
...After the change will not be
Dry miners.
I won't be afraid
Falls in a dream.
I won't hear the underground
Such a saying
From which sometimes
Even the charcoal turned red.
And there will be no friends
Young, angular,
The price of those who know bread,
Understanding work.
And there will be no unwritten
holiday date -
For enthusiastic screams:
- They give a pay! ..
And without it I
I will be superfluous in the world.
Before life I will remain
In unpaid debt.
I was born to the noise
Carts and cages,
Therefore, without a mine
I can't live.
Leading: Now he combined work with studies at night school. And after the tenth grade he said goodbye to the mine forever. Literary fame came to the recent Makeevka miner quickly and quite early. He was admitted to the Literary Institute. Gorky in Moscow. Moscow accepted Antsiferov immediately. Nikolai Aseev and Yaroslav Smelyakov spoke warmly about the talented singer of the working outskirts. Alexander Tvardovsky; the godfather of the poet was Sergei Smirnov, who had a deep personal friendship with the poet. The miner's poet became the darling of literary Moscow. At a literary evening in the columned hall of the House of the Unions, presented to the public for the first time, Antsiferov said:"" You expect something from me, and everything that I wrote is only about miners, about miners, about miners, about miners ..."" He did not change this theme until the end of his life.
Reader:
On this house
This house will not be attached
Memorial Square.
The passer-by will not be thrown into awe
Reminder that once upon a time
Here lived a miner:
Words and dates.
What a drama!
I don't pretend to be a miner
To spend marble
To such nonsense.
And there is nothing to complain about it.
The miner is not a master of complaining.
We don't need to be immortalized
And don't forget
It would not hurt!..
Leading: As S. Smirnov noted, “the truth, young passion and natural simplicity sounded in Antsiferov's poems. They sparkled with humor. There was a colloquial intonation and aphorism in them - integral features of juicy folk speech.
Reader:
Stepanych
Well, what kind of Stepanych am I, tell me,
If I'm twenty years old today!
But in our village every resident
Shouts to me: "" Hello Stepanich! "".
And strangers might think
That people laugh at me.
I assure you - no irony,
It's just that the guy is broken.
In the club after the shift, in the evenings
I spin like a squirrel in a wheel.
The real highlight of the program:
Talker, dancer, entertainer.
It's hard even in the mine without me,
Let's say stop the car without me -
Help me out, girlfriend shovel,
Light up tomorrow!
It's not nice to stay overnight
If a wife and tea are waiting at home.
That's why I hear: "" Stepanych!
Locksmith, friend, Stepanych, help me out! ""
Therefore, praise from the team.
And quite often on weekends
At the kiosk where the beer is raging
I hear: "" Stepanych, one at a time!
And my own father, who has seen so much
In your lifetime of any adversity,
Calls me Kolka at home,
Under the ground Stepanych calls.
Leading:
Antsiferov Nikolai Stepanovich died in the prime of his talent. It happened on December 16, 1964 in the thirty-fourth year of life. Like the waste heap from his poem "Pedestal", he only climbed to the top, managed to look at the new horizon, but did not have time to tell about what he saw. He would have to write and write... It is even difficult to imagine what kind of crystal would have formed in our poetry from the talent of Nikolai Antsiferov. But even what he has done in his short life rightfully allows us to call him the best miner's singer of our time.
Homework. Composition - reasoning "How the greatness of the people of the miner's profession is revealed in the work of N. Antsiferov."
Video materials are used in the lesson.
Bibliography.
Books by Nikolai Antsiferov
1.Give me time... Stalino, 1956;
2. Silence is not golden. Stalino, 1960;
3.Gift. M., 1961;
4.Random guest. M., 1964;
5. Selected lyrics. M., 1965;
6. Favorites. Donetsk, 1966;
7. Miner's light bulb, M., 1977.
8. Martynov A. A word about a friend // Antsiferov N. Miner's light bulb. M., 1977. S. 5-8;
9. Petrovsky M. Responsibility of the hero // Youth. 1961. No. 12. P. 91-92;
10. Smelyakov Ya. Young poetry of the new time // Moscow. 1962. No. 12. P. 219;
11. Smirnov S. From the compiler // Antsiferov N. Selected lyrics. M., 1965. S.3-4;
12. Lazarev V. Sun and salt // Young Guard. 1966. No. 12. P. 292.
Nikolai Stepanovich Antsiferov
Antsiferov Nikolai Stepanovich - poet.
Born into a family of hereditary miners. Since 1947, after graduating from the mining vocational school, he worked as an electrician. In the early 1950s, he worked for about a year in the Komsomolets Donbassa newspaper and studied at night school. Graduated from the Literary Institute. A.M. Gorky (1962). After that, he remained in the capital - he was in charge of the poetry department in the Moscow magazine.
As a friend of the poet, a Donetsk journalist A. Martynov, recalled, Antsiferov brought to the editorial office of Komsomolets Donbass, where his poems were first published in 1952, “a lot of rough, but very well-aimed and accurate miner’s words and expressions. Subsequently, the unique mine smell of his poems was formed from them ... ”(Martynov A. - P. 6). Antsiferov came to literature with his own theme, which he defined very precisely in his debut book “Give me time ...” (1956): “I want to talk about fellow countrymen. / Maybe it will turn out clumsily, / Still / A miner about miners, / How can I, / Say / I have the right ... "Donbass, its people, hard miner's work, a very specific, but well-known and beloved by the poet world, sounds in almost every poem by Antsiferov, who became the singer of the mining region. “He was a kind of plenipotentiary of a young tribe of knights of underground labor and spoke in poetry on their behalf,” wrote S. Smirnov. “The poems of Nikolai Antsiferov are like pieces of anthracite, in which hardness and flame, weight and energy are concentrated ...” (Smirnov C. - C.4).
Literary fame came to the recent Makeevka miner quickly and quite early. N. Aseev, Y. Smelyakov, A. Tvardovsky spoke warmly about the talented singer of the working outskirts. N. Rubtsov became a close friend of Antsiferov.
Antsiferov wrote about simple, everyday things, but he found details and situations that raise everyday life to the heights of poetry. This happens when he tells readers about coal dust (“Coal Dust”) and when he talks about the moment the miners return from underground after their shift (“I am glad for the sun ...”). “The significance and interest of his poetry lies in the fact that it is saturated with the material of the mining region, its people, its industrial landscapes ...” (Smelyakov Y. - S. 219).
According to the memoirs of A. Martynov, in life Antsiferov was "impulsive," clockwork ", desperate and a little reckless" (Martynov A. - P. 8). This is the main character of his poems. “Merry, hard worker, crafty and cocky - his lyrical hero. Of the hardest work, he can say: "I work like a noble, / I only work lying down." You have to be mentally healthy to say so. Antsiferov's poems breathe with the authenticity of working life. They have a natural ovary. They are solidly crafted. And their rude kindness is genuine ... ”- wrote V. Lazarev in a review of the book“ A Gift ”(1961) (p. 292). The cited poem "The Nobleman" from his second book "Silence is not gold" (1960) became, in fact, Antsiferov's calling card - anthological, most frequently published. The reason for such a “free” work of his hero, the poet explains further: “... You can’t find a better job, / This honor is not for everyone. / This is only in our slaughter: / Only lying down - neither stand up nor sit down ... "
However, not everyone liked this character. M. Petrovsky caustically, sarcastically spoke about the lyrical hero of Antsiferov's poetry. According to the critic, the main character of Antsiferov's poems - a young miner - was invented by the author, too positive, exemplary: “breaks with all the shortcomings: he drinks exclusively non-alcoholic (“grabbed fruit water”), does not play gambling(“In my Komsomol life, there were no games of chance in my life”), and if during the day at work he quarrels with the foreman, then jokingly and not for long (“Well, in the evening, near the club, they saw us hugging us”) ... ”(Petrovsky M .- P.91). The critic, however, ignores the context of the lines, does not catch the soft irony with which the poet talks about his hero. For example, the anecdotal nature of the reason that forced him to come to the mine: the boy wanted to buy boots with a creak - “praharya”, so he went to work - “In the “praharya”, “praharya”, “praharya” / My philosophy resisted ... / Sucked my anchors / Unforgettable mine "Sofia"" ("The Beginning of the Biography").
As S. Smirnov noted, in Antsiferov's poems “truth, young passion and natural simplicity sounded. They sparkled with humor. They contained colloquial intonation and aphorism - integral elements of rich folk speech ... ”(Smirnov S. - P.3).
Not all of Antsiferov's poems were censored: the poem "Nakhalovka", created in the early 1950s, offered by Antsiferov to all literary publications, was published only in 1991. In it we are talking about a mining village forgotten by God and the bosses, past which “dealers are driving to communism in cars.” In one of the episodes of the poem, the director successfully uses the shacks of modern miners as scenery for a film about the pre-revolutionary Donbass. According to Antsiferov, the episode was based on a real fact.
D.V.Korzhov
Used materials of the book: Russian literature of the XX century. Prose writers, poets, playwrights. Biobibliographic dictionary. Volume 1. p. 98-99.
Read further:
Russian writers and poets(biographical guide).
Compositions:
Give me time... Stalino, 1956;
Silence is not golden. Stalino, 1960;
Present. M., 1961;
Random guest. M., 1964;
Selected lyrics. M., 1965;
Favorites. Donetsk, 1966;
Miner's light bulb, M., 1977.
Literature:
Martynov A. A word about a friend // Antsiferov N. Miner's light bulb. M., 1977. S. 5-8;
Petrovsky M. Responsibility of the hero // Youth. 1961. No. 12. S.91-92;
Smelyakov Y. Young poetry of the new time // Moscow. 1962. No. 12. S.219;
Smirnov S. From the compiler // Antsiferov N. Selected lyrics. M., 1965. S.3-4;
Lazarev V. Sun and salt // Young Guard. 1966. No. 12. P.292.
Biographical dictionary, vols. 1-4
Father - Rev. schools of agriculture and horticulture. In 1904 A. entered the 1st Kyiv gymnasium. In 1908 he moved to St. Petersburg, where in 1909 he passed the final exams at the Vvedensky gymnasium as an external student. In the autumn of the same year he entered St. Petersburg. un-t, ist.-philol. faculty., studied in the seminar of I. M. Grevs. At the same time he lectured on history at a working university at the Obukhov plant. In 1910, together with A. A. Gisetti, he founded a training circle at the Hermitage. guides for a working audience (existed before the start of the First World War). In 1911 he lived in Paris, where he got acquainted with the monuments of art. In 1915, A. graduated from the un-t and was left at the department. universal history. In 1916 he passed the master's degree. exam. In the same year, on April 14, he entered the volunteer hospital in the Rossika Department, and from September 1. joined the staff of this department. Here served ml. pom. b-rya until March 16, 1920, was dismissed on his own. petition.
In 1921-24 he worked in the Humanitarian Department. Excursus, in-ta, to the method, and ist. sections, led a number of seminaries on urban studies, prepared leaders of excursions around Petrograd and the suburbs. In the same period, he actively collaborated in excursions, sections at the Museum Department. Petrogubpolitprosveta. Member since 1921 island "Old Petersburg", where he also led the seminaries for the study of St. Petersburg. After the liquidation of Excursus, in-ta (1924) becomes scientific. collaborator Petrograd Department Center, Bureau of Local Lore at the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Here in 1927 he headed Excursus, commission.
In the 1910s and 20s, he did a lot of ped work. Activities: taught in wives. gymnasium N. N. Zverskoy (1915-16), Chernyaevsky real school (1915-18), school at the Tenishevsky school (1918-25), Second ped. in-te (1919-26), Institute of Art History (1925-29), collaborated in the journal. "Ped. thought" (1918-24) and "Excursion, business" (1921-23). In 1927 he was a member of the local historian, conferences, spoke with lectures. about the local method in the study of monuments lit. and in ist. science. Scientific A.'s works cover mainly issues of urban studies and digression, cases, in which he acted as one of the leading theorists. In this region he was engaged in arr. the development of lit. and historical cultural excursions. More than 100 books belong to his pen. and art., written in 1917-58.
From 1918 to 1925 A. was a member. religious-philosophical mug "Resurrection". In the spring of 1929, he was arrested in connection with the case of this circle and sentenced to three years in Solovki, and in 1930, as a result of the investigation in the case of the Academy of Sciences, in particular, the Center, the Bureau of Local Lore, was sentenced to another two years, which he served on construction of the White Sea-Baltic Canal. In the autumn of 1933 he was released. From 1934 A. lived in Moscow, where in 1934-35 he was in charge of the Water Department. Museum of Public Utilities (now - the Museum of the History and Reconstruction of Moscow). In 1936 he began working in the State. lit. museum. In the spring of 1937 he was again arrested and sentenced to eight years, sent to the Ussuri camp. Released in 1939 and restored to Lit. Museum, where he worked until 1956 as an accountant. secret and head. otd. Prepared a number of exhibitions, ate. Russian poets and writers: A. S. Pushkin, A. I. Herzen, A. S. Griboedov, N. V. Gogol, M. Yu. Lermontov, F. I. Tyutchev and others. Participated in the creation of memorial museums A. And Herzen, I. S. Turgenev, F. M. Dostoevsky, A. P. Chekhov.
Member since 1943 Union of Owls writers. In 1944 he defended the world literature at the Institute. cand. dis. "Problems of Urbanism in Russian Fiction".
He was buried in Moscow at the Vagankovsky cemetery.
Op.: An incomprehensible city: Petersburg in the poetry of A. Blok // About Alexander Blok: Sat. Art. Pg., 1921; Petersburg of Dostoevsky: Experience lit. excursions // Excursion, business. 1921. No. 2/3; Soul of Petersburg (Pg., 1922); Petersburg of Dostoevsky (Pg., 1923); Reality and myth of Petersburg (Pg., 1924); Ways of studying the city as a social organism: Experience of the complex approach (L., 1925); City as an exponent of changing cultures: Pictures and characteristics (L., 1926, co-authored with T. N. Antsiferova); Modern cities(L., 1926, co-authored with T. N. Antsiferova); Theory and practice of literary excursions (L., 1926); Theory and practice of excursions in social science (L., 1926); Children's Village (M.; L., 1927, co-authored with O. M. Ryndina); City Life (L., 1927, co-authored with T. N. Antsiferova); Environs of Leningrad: Guide (M.; L., 1927); How to study your city: In terms of school. works (M.; L., 1929); Pushkin in Tsarskoye Selo: Lit. a walk through Detskoye Selo (L., 1929); A. I. Herzen (1812-1870): Essay on life and work (M., 1946); Suburbs of Leningrad: (Pushkin, Pavlovsk, Petrodvorets) (M., 1946); I. S. Turgenev (1818-1883) (M., 1948); Moscow (M., 1948, co-authored with S. V. Bakhrushin and others); Moscow Pushkin (M., 1950); Petersburg Pushkin (M., 1950); Pushkin in Tsarskoye Selo (Moscow, 1950); Herzen A. I. Past and thoughts / Note. N. P. Antsiferova (M., 1958); Incomprehensible city (L., 1991); From thoughts about the past: Memories (M., 1992).
Lit.: Rostov A. "The Case of the Academy of Sciences" // Renaissance (Paris). 1958. Tetr. 81; Antsifer readings: Materials and abstract. conf. (December 20-22, 1989) L., 1989; Konechny A. M., Kumpan K. A. Petersburg in the life and works of N. P. Antsiferov // Antsiferov N. P. An incomprehensible city ...; Dobkin A. I. [Foreword]// Antsiferov N. P. From thoughts...
Arch.: Arch. RNB. F. 1., op. 1, 1917, No. 129; 1920, no. 31.
Iconography: Antsifer readings...; Antsiferov N. P. From thoughts ...; Incomprehensible city.
1889, 30 July. - Born into a noble family in the estate of Sofiyivka, Umansky district, Kyiv province. Father - Pavel Grigoryevich Antsiferov (1851-1897), teacher at the School of Agriculture and Horticulture. Mother - Ekaterina Maksimovna Antsiferova (nee Petrova; 1853-1933).
1891. - Appointment of the father as director of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden. Family moving to the Crimea.
1899. - Moving to Kyiv. Home education.
1907. - Acquaintance with the Oberuchev family.
1909. - Passing exams for the gymnasium course as an external student at the Vvedensky gymnasium in St. Petersburg. Admission to the Faculty of History and Philology of St. Petersburg University.
1914. - Marriage. Wife - Tatyana Nikolaevna Antsiferova (nee Oberucheva; 1889-1929), historian.
1915. - Graduated from Petrograd University with a degree in Medieval history. Work at the department as an assistant with his teacher, Professor Ivan Mikhailovich Grevs. Preparation for master's exams. Teaching in a private women's gymnasium N.N. Yavorskaya, in the real school of A.S. Chernyaev, at the Tenishevsky School.
Birth of daughter Natalia (1915-1919).
1918-1925. — Participation in religious and philosophical circles of A.A. Meyer "Tuesday" and "Resurrection", in the publication of the magazine "Free Voices".
Since 1919 - Head of the Department of History of the Middle Ages at the Second Petrograd Pedagogical Institute.
1920. - Collaboration in the museum department of the People's Commissariat of Education, in the Central Bureau of Local History (CBK). Leading tour guide seminars.
1921, summer. - Birth of son Sergei.
1921-1924. — Teaching at the Petrograd Excursion Institute. Preparation and publication of the books The Incomprehensible City (Petersburg in A. Blok's Poetry) (1921), The Soul of Petersburg (1922), Dostoevsky's Petersburg (1923), The True Story and the Myth of Petersburg (1924).
1924. - Birth of daughter Tatyana.
1925-1928. – Trips as a representative of the Central Bureau of Local Lore to Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Tula, Ryazan, Kursk, Vitebsk, Tver, Kaluga, Smolensk and other cities for examination local history work on the ground and instructing local historians. Participation in the Third All-Russian Conference on Local History. Election as a full member of the Central Bureau of Local Lore (December 1927).
1928, December. - The news of the arrest of Alexander Alexandrovich Meyer and his wife Ksenia Anatolyevna Polovtseva, Lev Vasilyevich Pumpyansky (Lev Meerovich Pumpyan).
1929, beginning. - Speech by local historian V.A. Fedorov at a meeting of the Central Bank with criticism of Antsiferov's book "The Soul of Petersburg" and with the demand "to dissociate ourselves from this work as anti-Marxist." Refusal of the meeting participants to support this proposal.
1929, April. - Call to the GPU on Gorokhovaya. Farewell to the family and I.M. Graves. Interrogation by senior investigator Alexander (Albert) Robertovich Stromin. Arrest in the case of the circle "Resurrection". Direction to the House of Preliminary Detention. Conclusion on the 3rd category in cell No. 22. Composition of prisoners and their occupations. Work to put the prison library in order.
Meetings with medievalist historian Vsevolod Vladimirovich Bakhtin, siriologist Anatoly Pavlovich Alyavdin, Byzantine scholar and historian of church law Vladimir Nikolaevich Beneshevich, lawyer, professor Sergei Semenovich Abramovich-Baranovsky, historian Alexander Ivanovich Zaozersky, naval engineer Boris Mikhailovich Nazarov.
Transfer to the cell "Tairov Lane". Work as a potato peeler, janitor. Date with family in Detskoye Selo. Sentence: 3 years in the Solovetsky camps.
1929, August 11 - 1930, June. — Stage on the Solovki. Kemsky transit point. Bag unloading work. Appointment as secretary of the Dorstroyotdel in Kemi. Head of department Balmashev. Conditions of detention of prisoners. Friendship with V.V. Bakhtin. Typhoid.
Arrest on a false denunciation. The accusation of "organizing Caers". Confinement to the cell. Interrogation. Transfer to Vegeraksha. Meeting with philologist, Church historian Ivan Mikhailovich Andreevsky and lawyer, member of the World Student Christian Union Avenir Petrovich Obnovlensky. News of the death of his wife (September 29, 1929). Sentence: an increase of one year to three years of the previous term.
1930, summer - 1931. - Sending to Leningrad to a prison on Shpalernaya for investigation in the "case of the Academy of Sciences." Consequence. Interrogations. Investigator A.R. Stromin. Rejection of false evidence. Dates with mother and children. Meetings with co-workers: A.A. Meyer, Georgy Alexandrovich Stern, Pavel Petrovich Babenchikov, Sergey Ivanovich Tkhorzhevsky, Sergey Vladimirovich Bakhrushin, Georgy Eduardovich Petri, Boris Evgenievich Degen-Kovalevsky. Transfer to the cell of prison workers. Work as a polisher, a peddler of porridge and boiling water. Sentence: 5 years in labor camp, plus term of pre-trial detention.
1931. - Direction to camp No. 1 of the Bear Mountain (SLON) for the construction of the White Sea-Baltic Canal. Conditions of detention in the camp. Work as head of the newspaper expedition. Enrollment as a junior collector to the geobase. Organization of collection courses. Conducting classes. Upon completion of the courses - transfer to a barrack for administrative and technical personnel outside the zone. Appointment as head of the Museum of Construction. Camp date with my son. Attending lectures by A.F. Losev in the club for GPU employees.
1933, spring. - Getting a vacation. Permission to move to a private house on Divya Gora to A.S. Petrovsky. Arrival of children. Visit to the Museum of S.M. Kirov and F.D. Bear.
1933, autumn. - Release from Belbaltlag in connection with the completion of the construction of the canal and its opening. Return to Leningrad.
1934. - Moving to Moscow. The appointment of the head of the water department in the Communal Museum (Museum of Moscow). Renting a room on the street. Pyatnitskaya.
Marriage. Wife - Sofya Alexandrovna Antsiferova (nee Garelina, local historian, theater historian; 1899-1964). The beginning of work on the books “Around Herzen” and “Chronicle of the life and work of A.I. Herzen" for the publishing house "Academia".
1936-1937. — Work in the State literary museum. Compilation of guidebooks for the Moscow region.
1937, autumn. — New arrest. Butyrskaya and Taganskaya prisons. Stage to the Far East.
1937-1939, end. - Stay in the Ussuri camp. Review of the case. Liberation. Return to Moscow.
1939-1956. — Work in the State Literary Museum. Preparation of articles, brochures, publications about Herzen, Turgenev, Lermontov, etc., on literary local history and museum business.
1941-1943. - Beginning of the Great Patriotic War. News of the death of a son besieged Leningrad(1942), about the deportation of his daughter by the Germans to Germany from Detskoye Selo. Performances in military units with lectures on history (1942-1943). Admission to the Union of Writers (1943).
1944. - Defense of the candidate's dissertation "The Problem of Urbanism in Fiction" at IMLI.
1945-1954. - Work on memories. The beginning of the transfer of the archive to the Department of Manuscripts of the State Public Library. M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin.
1956. - Retirement. Moving to a separate apartment.
1958, October 2. - N.P. died. Antsiferov. He was buried at the Vagankovsky cemetery in Moscow.
* information beyond the scope of memories is in italics
