All stars, even the smallest ones, were counted. Why does a person need stars in the sky. Find sentences with punctuation errors

Question: The number of stars visible in the sky with the naked eye seems to be innumerable. In fact, there are not so many of them. At the same time in our field of view, as scientists say, there are no more than three thousand stars, because we see half of the firmament. The stars are the same suns. They seem to us as brilliant dots, distant from the Earth at boundless distances. Even in ancient times, people noticed that some groups of bright stars form different shapes. By dividing the entire sky into constellations, astronomers made star maps. All stars, even the smallest, were assigned to one constellation or another. And the location of the stars in the constellations, and their distance from each other seem to be unchanged. This is explained by the fact that astronomical science appeared relatively recently. The stars during this time have not yet had time to change their apparent position in the sky. They move at great speeds in different directions, but they are so far from us that we do not notice this movement. According to scientists, it will be possible to notice it only after tens of thousands of years. SELECT THE PARTICIPIAL TURNS

The number of stars visible in the sky with the naked eye seems to be innumerable. In fact, there are not so many of them. At the same time in our field of view, as scientists say, there are no more than three thousand stars, because we see half of the firmament. The stars are the same suns. They seem to us as brilliant dots, distant from the Earth at boundless distances. Even in ancient times, people noticed that some groups of bright stars form different shapes. By dividing the entire sky into constellations, astronomers made star maps. All stars, even the smallest, were assigned to one constellation or another. And the location of the stars in the constellations, and their distance from each other seem to be unchanged. This is explained by the fact that astronomical science appeared relatively recently. The stars during this time have not yet had time to change their apparent position in the sky. They move at great speeds in different directions, but they are so far from us that we do not notice this movement. According to scientists, it will be possible to notice it only after tens of thousands of years. SELECT THE PARTICIPIAL TURNS

Answers:

/ Visible in the sky with a simple glance /, / distant from the Earth at immense distances /. /~~~~~~~~~/

Stars visible to the eye

We have heard more than once that there are trillions of stars in the Universe alone. But there is a nuance - not all of them are visible to a person. It's all about the brilliance, or - dim luminaries near look brighter than very powerful ones in the distance. The smaller the magnitude, the better the star is visible - but there is a limit beyond which even the most keen eye will not distinguish the star. The bar for the human eye is magnitude +7. The specific value fluctuates between +6 and +8 depending on the visual acuity and the darkness of the sky.

As a result, out of the entire vast number of stars, a person can see in the sky ... only 6000! But this is also an approximate number. As we already know celestial sphere It is divided into two hemispheres, in each of which up to 3000 stars are visible. Moreover, some of the stars are near the horizon, where it is very difficult to observe them - they are hidden by a dense one. And we also need to make allowances for reality, where there is no perfectly even horizon. It is constantly complicated by trees, buildings, hills and other irregularities in the landscape, reducing the amount at the same time visible stars up to 2500.

An interesting fact - all these obstacles lead to the fact that large observatories are built in the mountains, at a distance from the settlements. There the atmosphere is not so dense, and the horizon on the highest mountain is more accessible. Mountains near the sea or ocean are especially popular: the water surface is probably the only flat horizon in the world.

But even this number is available under ideal observing conditions - that is, on a dark, moonless night. In summer, the sky near the edges is brighter than in winter, and any city lamp creates a flare. in the middle big city the number of stars in the heavens drops immediately to 200-300. Consequently, the best view of the stars opens only in winter, at a distance of more than 5 kilometers from any locality or illuminated road.

Stars in a telescope, or the total number of stars in the sky

However, humanity has long found a way to circumvent the limitations of their own vision. Many powerful telescopes on Earth and in space daily push the visible boundaries of space, discovering new stars and galaxies. Even the most ordinary binoculars make it possible to see an additional 200,000 stars. A cheap one opens 10 times more luminaries!

Of course, we cannot see all the stars in the universe. The center of our galaxy is an insurmountable barrier that closes part of milky way, and the clouds space dust absorbs all rays except infrared. And although astronomers struggle with this - so, the telescope will penetrate those obstacles that were previously considered insurmountable - the universe remains limited. At least in appearance - the maximum distance we can look at is 45.7 billion light years.

Let's sum up the final score. There are approximately 100 to 400 billion stars in our galaxy. According to the telescope, about 100 billion galaxies have now been found, and it is believed that another 100 billion will be found soon. Our galaxy is traditionally considered average in terms of the number of stars it can contain - there are objects both larger and smaller.

Let's take advantage known numbers and count the number of stars in the sky together. We have 100 billion galaxies, each containing 100-400 billion stars. Multiply 10 11 by 10 11 - you get 10 22 stars, 10000000000000000000000 stars in the sky. And that's just the bare minimum! If there are more galaxies or stars, the number will increase by orders of magnitude.

Because of all these conventions and inaccuracies, astronomers rarely undertake to give an accurate estimate of the number of stars in the sky. There are simply too many of them, and not everything can be clearly seen and separated from the rest. Especially in distant galaxies - often they themselves look like one dim star.

CONTROL AND MEASURING MATERIALS

Input control dictation

1. The number of stars visible in the sky with the naked eye seems to be innumerable. 2. In fact, there are not so many of them. 3. At the same time, according to scientists, there are no more than three thousand stars in our field of vision, because we see half of the firmament.

4. Stars are the same suns. 5. They seem to us as brilliant dots, distant from the Earth at boundless distances.

6. Even in ancient times, people noticed that some groups of bright stars form different shapes. 7. Dividing the entire sky into constellations, astronomers compiled star maps. 8. All stars, even the smallest ones, were assigned to one constellation or another.

9. And the location of the stars in the constellations, and their distance from each other, seem unchanged. 10. This is explained by the fact that astronomical science appeared relatively recently. 11. The stars during this time have not yet had time to change their apparent position in the sky. 12. They move at great speeds in different directions, but they are so far from us that we do not notice this movement. 13. According to scientists, it will be possible to notice it only after tens of thousands of years. (156 words)

The text is taken from the book "Russian language lessons in grade 8" (final control dictation) Author G.A. Bogdanov. Moscow, Enlightenment, 2000. (p. 174)

Grammar tasks.

1 option.

1. From sentence 1, write out a word with unchecked unstressed vowels in the root.

2. From sentences 4-8, write out all the words in which the spelling of the prefix depends on the deafness / sonority of the sound indicated by the letter following the prefix.

3. From sentence 3-5, write out the sacrament with two nn.

4. Replace the phrase Russian woman,

5. Write down the grammatical basis of sentence 1.

6. Write out sentence(s) from sentences 6-9 with isolated circumstance(s).(s)

7. among sentences 2-8, find a sentence with an introductory construction

8. Specify quantity grammar basics in sentence 12.

Grammar tasks.

Option 2.

1. From sentence 7, write out a word with unchecked unstressed vowels in the root.

2. From sentences 9-13, write down all the words in which the spelling of the prefix depends on the deafness / sonority of the sound indicated by the letter following the prefix.

3. From sentence 3-5 write out a verb whose spelling of the suffix depends on the conjugation.

4. Replace the phrase brocade, built on the basis of coordination, a synonymous phrase with a connection management

5. Write down the grammatical basis of sentence 5.

6. write out sentence(s) from sentences 1-5 with separate definitions

7. Among sentences 10-13, find a sentence with an introductory construction

8. Indicate the number of grammatical bases in sentence 3.

1 quarter (grade 9) CONTROL DICTION

(with a grammar task on the topic "Compound sentences")

I option

"The Tale of Igor's Campaign" fit on just a few pages of an ancient manuscript, but for two centuries the people of Russia, tormented by princely strife and attacks by nomads, remembered him, quoting wise patriotic lines by heart.

By the time of Igor's campaign, who secretly led his squads to the Don and imprudently lost his army, the honor of a commander, Russia broke up into several independent principalities. The feuds of the princes turned into bloody wars, and the nomadic tribes of the Polovtsy, constantly raiding Russian lands, cut off the ancient route “from the Varangians to the Greeks” 1 and disrupted the economic ties of Russia with the southern and eastern lands. Their raids were accompanied by the destruction of cities and the capture of residents, but the princes, who had lost their sense of patriotism, were not able to deliver a decisive blow to the Polovtsians due to continuous rivalry.

Chroniclers, as a rule, only recorded events, and only a few of them dared to evaluate the individual actions of the princes. But not one of the ancient Russian scribes, like the author of The Lay..., has risen to the height of wise historical generalizations. The poem was gradually, however, forgotten, and only in late XVIII century, after the discovery of the only surviving list, it sounded with renewed vigor. (166 words)

(According to B. Rybakov.)

CONTROL DICTION

Option 2

Through a thicket of bird cherry we make our way to the shore. The end of June, and she had just dressed in spring. Ledum is burning with a belated lilac color, and the birch, not believing the summer, stands naked.

Taiga, seeing the expanse of Baikal, rolls towards it along the hills with tiers of greenery and freezes at the very water. Having felt the water with their roots, the larches, birches and pines changed their minds about swimming, stopped, and the taiga presses in from behind, it cannot stop. That is why fallen giant trees lie on the shore, blocking the road to the lake.

It's amazing to see April and June here at once. Behind the back are the smells of summer, and on Lake Baikal - just like the Volga in flood. The same boundless expanse of water, the same ice floes in herds.

Baikal opens late, and until the end of May they rush on the water

ice herds. In June they land on the shore and here, by the boulder,

slowly settle down, frightening the animals at the watering place with an unexpected rustle.

Clean as a tear, the water of Baikal does not tolerate garbage, and in stormy weather it throws the wreckage of boats and snags onto the shore. Not a speck in the water!

The distant blue hills merge with the sunset stripes, and the evening haze slowly covers them. (165 words)

The text is taken from the book “Russian language lessons in grade 9:” Author G.A. Bogdanov. Moscow, Enlightenment, 2008. (p. 116)

Tests

Ioption

A. Compound sentences can be allied, compound, compound.

B. Simple sentences can be combined into complex ones with

using intonation and conjunctions or allied words.

B. Simple sentences can be combined into complex ones with the help of intonation (without conjunctions and allied words).

2. Union linking parts of a complex sentence
It was already the spring month of March, but at night the trees cracked from the cold, as in December, is an...

A. subordinating
B. connective

B. separating
G. adversarial

3. What unions connect parts of a compound sentence, which indicates the alternation of phenomena, the possibility of one phenomenon from two or more?

A. and yes(in meaning i), neither- neither, too

B. or (il), either, then ~ then, not that - not that

b. ah but yes(meaning but) however, but

From the linden alley, spinning and overtaking each other, yellow round leaves flew and, getting wet, lay down on the wet grass of the meadow.

A. simple

B. compound

B. complex
G. unionless

5. Find a compound among these sentences.

A. I was completely at a loss, not understanding what was happening, and, standing in one place, looked senselessly towards the departing person.

B. I don’t want to think about anything, or thoughts and memories wander, muddy, unclear, like a dream.

B. Gathering the last remnants of our strength, we dragged ourselves to the station, but before reaching it about two hundred paces, we sat down to rest on the sleepers.

A. The smile was weak, barely noticeable, and despite the smile, the stern expression of the eyes did not change.

B. There were people ahead and therefore I had nothing to fear.

In offer The trees have shed their leaves, and no bird calls can be heard. insert a common minor term and write down the resulting sentence.

Read the sentence It snowed and... Continue it twice by adding: a) a homogeneous predicate; b) a simple sentence.

Write down a sentence A cloud came up and a strong wind blew, inserting a separate turnover after the union And.

10. Attach the last simple sentence to the previous union And. Write down the offer you received

A warm front was approaching, the clouds could not withstand its onslaught, they cracked, snow fell from them.

11. Indicate the sentence, the structure of which corresponds to the scheme (punctuation marks are not placed):

[impersonal], And[two-part].

A. On earth in the sky and everywhere around it was calm and nothing foreshadowed bad weather.

B. Each flower looked like a familiar poppy and they smelled like spring.

Q. A kiosk was opened on the square and newspapers and magazines are now sold there.

12. Write down sentences with punctuation

A, I did not make him wait for a minute, immediately sat down on
horse and we rode out the gates of the fortress.

B. A lingering cry of an unsleeping bird is heard from the forest, or an indefinite sound similar to someone's voice is heard.

D. Trees that have shed their summer attire, clouds floating low above the ground, drizzling cold rain, ordinary pictures of late autumn, and they are dear to my heart.

a) [two-part], And[impersonal];

b) [impersonal], [but... two-part];

c) [impersonal], And[impersonal].

Complete the offer They listened to my story with indifference, and therefore ..., pointing to a consequence.

Tests

on the topic "Compound sentence"

Option 2

1. Which of the following statements are correct?

A. Simple sentences, combined into a complex one in meaning, have intonational completeness.

B. Complex sentences are allied and non-union.

B. Allied complex sentences are compound and complex.

2. Read the sentence Head hurt, mind
it was clear and distinct. Simple sentences are combined in it into a complex one with the help of ...

A. subordinating union
B. allied word

B. coordinating union
G. intonation

3. What unions connect parts of a compound sentence in which one phenomenon is opposed to another?
A. and yes(in meaning i), neither- neither, too

B. or (il), or, that - that, not that- not that

b. ah but yes(in meaning but), however, but

4. Define the type of offer Squeezed by black thickets and lit up ahead by a locomotive, the road looks like an endless tunnel.

A. simple

B. compound

B. complex
G. unionless

5. Find a compound among these sentences.

A. It's funny to say, we got lost in the familiar forest for more than an hour and returned, as they say, empty-handed.

B. There were no more disputes, but on the contrary, after dinner everyone was in the best mood.

B. Polar bears seem to have disappeared soon if there was no ban on hunting them.

6. Find a sentence with a punctuation error.

A. In the hut, singing, the maiden spins, and, winter friend of the nights, a torch crackles in front of her.

B. But then the first wave ran through the rye and across the main field, the wind blew and dust swirled in the air.

B. The nightingales sing their spring songs, dandelions are still preserved in quiet places and, perhaps, the land is whitening somewhere. During the day a light breeze blew and snow fell
7. Offered During the day a light breeze blew and snow fell omit the common minor term and write down the resulting sentence.

Read the sentence Dad filled up the car with gas and... Continue it twice by adding: a) a homogeneous predicate; b) a simple sentence.

9. Indicate the sentence, the structure of which corresponds to the scheme (punctuation marks are not placed):

[impersonal], and [impersonal].

B. They announced the end of the lunch break and started weeding beets.

10. Write down sentences using punctuation marks.

A. The boys were sitting at the table with their heads bowed and uttering words in a whisper, apparently doing some kind of work, and I tried not to disturb them.

B. The wind tore the leaves from the trees and strewn the paths of the garden with a multi-colored carpet.

V. It was getting dark and the people were returning from the fields. D. His kind eyes shone with a clear light and his thin face seemed beautiful.

11. Write down the sentence by inserting a separate turnover after the union s.

By evening, the sky cleared of clouds, and the night promised to be cold.

12. Attach the last sentence to the previous union And. Write down the offer you received.

The young peals are thundering, now the rain has splashed, the dust is flying, rain pearls have hung, the sun is golden threads.

13. Think up and write down sentences whose structure corresponds to the schemes:

a) [impersonal], [but... two-part];

b) [two-part], [also... two-part];

c) [indefinite-personal], And[two-part].

14. Complete the offer Clouds covered the sky, and from this ..., pointing to a consequence.

(grade 9. 2 quarter)

CONTROL DICTION

(Option 1)

Nipper

Kusaka rushed about in the footsteps of the people who left for a long time, ran to the station and - wet, dirty - returned back. Here she did what no one, however, saw: she went up to the terrace and, rising on her hind legs, scratched with her claws. The rooms were empty, and no one answered Kusaka.

Partial rain began, and the darkness of the autumn night began to approach from everywhere. Quickly and dully he filled the empty dacha; noiselessly it crawled out of the bushes and, together with the rain, poured from the inhospitable sky. On the terrace, from which the canvas was removed, which made it seem strangely empty, the light for a long time sadly illuminated the traces of dirty feet, but he soon gave way too.

And, when there was no longer any doubt that night had come, the dog howled plaintively. A ringing note, sharp as despair, burst into the monotonous sound of rain, cutting through the darkness, rushing over the bare fields.

And to those who heard it, it seemed that the hopelessly dark night itself was groaning and rushing towards the light, and longed for warmth, for a bright fire, for a loving heart.

Grammar tasks.

1 option.

2) The rooms were empty and no one answered Kusak

Option 2.

Produce full parsing sentences and construct their schemes.

one). It seemed to Kusaka: the hopelessly dark night itself was groaning and rushing towards the light, he longed for warmth, for a bright fire, for a loving heart.

2). A partial rain began, and the darkness of the autumn night began to approach from everywhere.

The text is taken from the book “Russian language lessons in grade 9:” Author G.A. Bogdanov. Moscow, Enlightenment, 2001. (p. 116)

(grade 9. 3 quarter)

TEST

(Option 2)

Nipper

Biter for a long time m..was traipsing in the footsteps of the departed ..those people, she reached the station and - pr..soaked dirty - rushed ..brotherly. Here she pr..did something that n..who, however, did not see, went up to the terrace and so on. The rooms were empty and no one answered Kusaka.

It began to rain frequently, and from everywhere the darkness of the autumn night began to move. Quickly and muffledly, he filled the empty cottage, noiselessly he crawled out of the bushes and, together with the wait, poured from the (un)friendly sky. On the ter.as.e with whom there was a dream of that p.Rusina, which made her to..fill the country. About the empty light for a long time still p.ch.ryal traces of dirty feet, but he soon gave way too.

And when there were already (not) opinions that the night had fallen, the dog was sorry, but howled. A howl, sharp as a note of desperation, burst into the m.notonic sound of rain, cutting through the darkness, rushed over the bare fields.

And to the one who heard him, he screamed that he groaned and rushed towards the light itself, translucently..dark night. and cold body in warmth to a bright fire to a loving heart

Grammar tasks.

1 option.

Perform a complete syntactic analysis of sentences and build their schemes.

1) Here, however, no one saw Kusaka: she went up to the terrace and, rising on her hind legs, scratched with her claws.

2) The rooms were empty and no one answered Kusaka

Option 2.

Perform a complete syntactic analysis of sentences and build their schemes.

1). It seemed to Kusaka: the hopelessly dark night itself was groaning and rushing towards the light, he wanted to be warm, to a bright fire, to a loving heart

2),A partial rain began, and the darkness of the autumn night began to approach from everywhere.

Test tasks on the topic "Complexly subordinate sentences"

Ioption

A. Complex sentences can be allied, compound, complex.

B. Simple sentences can be combined into complex ones using intonation and conjunctions or allied words.

B. Simple sentences can be combined into complex ones with the help of intonation (without conjunctions and allied words).

2. Union linking parts complex sentence: “It was already the spring month of March, but at night the trees cracked from the cold, as in December,” is ...

A. Subordinating.
B. Connective.

B. Divider.
G. Opposite.

3. What unions connect parts of a compound sentence, which indicates the alternation of phenomena, the possibility of one phenomenon from two or more?

B. Or (il), or, this, not that.

B. However, ah, but, yes (in the meaning of BUT), but, the same.

4. Determine the type of sentence: “From the linden alley, spinning and overtaking each other, yellow round leaves flew and, getting wet, lay down on the wet grass of the meadow.”

A. Simple.

B. Compound.

B. Complex.
G. Bessoyuznoye.

5. Find a compound among these sentences.

A. I was completely at a loss, not understanding what was happening, and, standing in one place, looked senselessly towards the departing person.

B. I didn’t want to think about anything, or thoughts and memories wander, muddy, unclear, like a dream.

B. Gathering the last remnants of our strength, we dragged ourselves to the station, but before reaching it about two hundred paces, we sat down to rest on the sleepers.

6. Find sentences with a punctuation error.

A. The smile was weak, barely noticeable, and despite the smile, the stern expression of the eyes changed.

B. In September, the forest is rarer and lighter, and bird voices are quieter.

B. There were people ahead and therefore I had nothing to fear.

In the sentence: “The trees have shed their leaves, and bird voices are not heard,” insert a common minor term and write down the resulting sentence.

Read the sentence: “It snowed and...”, continue it twice, adding:

9. Write down the sentence: “A cloud approached and a strong wind blew”, inserting a separate turn after the union I.

10. Attach the last simple sentence to the previous union I. Write down the received sentence.

A warm front is approaching, the clouds could not withstand its onslaught, cracked, snow fell from them

11. Indicate the sentence (punctuation marks are not placed in them), the structure of which corresponds to the scheme:

[impersonal], and [two-part].

A. On earth in the sky and everywhere around it was calm and nothing foreshadowed bad weather.
B. Each flower looked like a familiar poppy and they smelled like spring.

B. A kiosk has been opened on the square and newspapers and magazines are now sold there.

12. Write down sentences using punctuation marks.

A. I did not make him wait for a minute; I immediately got on my horse and we rode out the gates of the fortress.

B. It was getting dark and the river cold was on the side.

B. A lingering cry of an unsleeping bird is heard from the forest, or an indefinite sound similar to someone's voice is heard.

D. Trees that have thrown off their summer clothes, clouds floating low above the ground, drizzling cold rain, ordinary pictures of deep autumn, dear to my heart.

13. Come up with and write down sentences whose structure matches the diagrams.

A. [two-part], and [impersonal].

B. [impersonal], and [however ... two-part].

B. [impersonal], and [impersonal].

14. Complete the sentence: "They listened to my story with indifference, and therefore ...", indicating the consequence.

Test tasks on the topic "Complexly subordinate sentences"

IIoption

1. Which of the following statements are correct?

A. Simple sentences, combined into a complex one in meaning, have intonational completeness.

B. Complex sentences are allied and non-union.

B. Allied complex sentences are compound and complex.

2. Read the sentence: "My head hurt, but my consciousness was clear, distinct." Simple sentences are combined in it into a complex one with the help of:

A. subordinating union;
B. union word;

B. writing union;
G. intonation.

3. What unions connect parts of a compound sentence in which one phenomenon is opposed to another?

A. Also, and, yes (in the meaning of AND), no-no.
B. Either (il), or, this, not that - not that.

B. However, ah, but, yes (meaning but), but, same.

4. Determine the type of proposal: "Closed in black thickets and lit in front of a steam locomotive, the road looks like an endless tunnel."

A. Simple.

B. Compound.

B. Complex.
G. Bessoyuznoye.

5. Find a compound among these sentences.

A. It's funny to say, we got lost in the familiar forest for more than an hour and returned, as they say, empty-handed.

B. There were no more disputes, but on the contrary, after dinner everyone was in the best mood.

B. Polar bears seem to have disappeared soon if there was no ban on hunting them.

6.Find a sentence with a punctuation error.

A. In the hut, singing, the maiden spins, and, winter friend of the nights, a torch crackles in front of her . B. But then the first wave ran through the rye and across the main field, the wind blew and dust swirled in the air.

V. Nightingales sing their spring songs, dandelions are still preserved in quiet places and, perhaps, a lily of the valley is whitening somewhere.

7. In the sentence “A light breeze blew and snow fell during the day,” omit the common secondary term and write down the sentence received.

8. Read the sentence: "Father filled up the car with gasoline and ...". Continue it twice by adding:

a) homogeneous predicate; b) a simple sentence.

9. Indicate the sentence (punctuation marks are not placed), the structure of which corresponds to the scheme: [impersonal], and [impersonal].

A. The sky is overcast with clouds and there is no end in sight to the rain.
B. They announced the end of the lunch break and started weeding beets.

B. It was getting dark and we wandered through the forest for a long time.

10. Write down sentences using punctuation marks.

A. The boys were sitting at the table with their heads bowed and, speaking in whispers, apparently doing some kind of work, and I tried not to disturb them.
B. The wind tore the leaves from the trees and strewn the paths of the garden with a multi-colored carpet.

B. It was already evening and the people were returning from the fields.
D. His kind eyes shone with a clear light and his thin face seemed beautiful.

Write down the sentence by inserting a separate turnover after the union And: "By evening, the sky cleared of clouds, and the night promised to be cold."

Attach the last sentence to the previous union I. Write down the received sentence.

The young peals are thundering, now the rain has splashed, the dust is flying, rain pearls have hung, the sun is golden threads.

13. Think up and write down sentences whose structure corresponds to the scheme.

A. [impersonal], [but ... two-part].

B. [two-part], [also ... two-part].

B. [indefinitely personal], and [two-part].

14. Complete the sentence: "The clouds covered the sky, and from this ...", indicating the consequence.

Grade 9 4 quarter

Test work on the topic "Complexly subordinate sentences"

K-1. Write out complex sentences with conjunctionswho, what, placing punctuation marks.

I. 1. Who would dare to look for a tender girl in this majestic hall in this careless legislator? 2. Look greetly at the hour of separation at the one who with a proud soul (not) is afraid of neither people nor flour, who will die for the honor of his native country. 3. He who lives without sorrow and anger does not love his Fatherland. 4. Anyone who has seen at least once this region and this expanse is almost birch_ each leg is happy to kiss. 5. Who was sitting on the bench, who was looking at the street Tolya sang Boris was silent Nikolai kicked with his foot.

II. 1. Such wonderful weather as happens rarely in April. And the crows are screaming
(according to) spring stubbornly and passionately. The black grouse muttered and someone in the village sang for the whole district. 2. What a (un) ordinary picture appeared to our eyes.

K-2. Write off the sentences, punctuating and indicating the means of communication between the parts (unions or allied words).

Read more serious books where the language is stricter and more disciplined than in fiction.

The gaze embraced only the expanse of the earth Where it is crowded only for emptiness. And he entered the forest thicket Where (n_) where to hide in the bushes.

And suddenly, in the rays of the morning sun, I saw a bronze sculpture of Yaroslavna: she stood on a ledge from which the Putivl distances covered with haze opened up. In those days when all the impressions of life were new to me Then some evil genius Began to secretly visit me. I looked in the direction where they could come to me.

I didn’t want to return from that paradise on earth where, by the will of fate, we ended up completely (un)expectedly.

.K-3. Write the sentences by inserting the wordwhich the in the right way. Set up punctuation marks. Specify the type of the subordinate clause and the means of communication between the parts. Make diagrams of complex sentences

It is quite natural_but the feeling of sadness in every person is forced to work from devoted his life to his beloved work.

We must not forget that first person began to need you.

Love for people is, after all, the wings of a person rises above everything.

Many of the people I barely knew supported me in difficult times. |

You can’t even think about anything and only dream about your dog coming, the only (apparently) being you are attached to.

Lanskoy came out with, as always, an invariably "haughty figure", however, he contained a rather kind heart.

K-4. Correct the mistakes in complex sentences. Specify unions or allied words. Make diagrams of complex sentences and determine the types of subordinate clauses.

1. When the competition ended due to fatigue, I could hardly stand on my feet. 2. One hundred hot summers on the windowsill when the cacti bloomed. 3. When the leaves blossomed, grasshoppers chirped in the trees in the grass. 4. I had a tool for cutting out np and help, which solved the problem. 5. I did not learn the rule on the basis of which the problem was solved. 6. From afar we saw our house on the roof of which a weather vane was spinning. 7. We went on a tour during which I learned a lot.

K-5. Read the text. Title it. Write a sentence that contains the main idea. Connect simple sentences into complex ones. Write with punctuation marks. Indicate the way the parts of the sentence are connected (conjunctions or allied words). Build schemes of complex sentences. Specify the types of subordinate clauses.

At least twice a year, books in the home library should be cleaned with a brush or rag. Dust and dampness are the enemies of a book. If dampness appears in the bookcases, the books should be wiped with a dry cloth. The cabinets should be left open. Then they will be well ventilated.

K-6. Read the text. Combine, where possible, simple sentences into subordinate ones. Write with punctuation marks. Specify a contact method intl du parts of a complex sentence (unions or allied words). Make diagrams of radiant complex sentences. Determine the type of subordinate clauses.

Moscow University was founded on the initiative of M. V. Lomonosov, the great Russian scientist. It has always been the center of Russian science and education. The university has 23 faculties. The system of institutions of Moscow State University includes four scientific (research) institutes, educational (scientific) stations, an astronomical observatory, a botanical library, a publishing house and a printing house.

K-7. Read the article. Title it. Insert punctuation marks. When writing off, combine, where possible, simple sentences into complex ones. parts of complex sentences are connected (by unions or allied words

Make diagrams of complex sentences. Write down in one sentence what a summary is.

There is always a main idea in the text. But she does not live there alone. If the books had only the main idea, then probably they would consist of only one heading. You can compare a book to a car. In the car, the main part is the motor. But if there are no other wheels of the steering wheel, there will still be no brakes on the car. So (same) in the text, in addition to the main one, there are also other important thoughts on the problem of “subtopics”. If you find them and retell them, it will turn out brief retelling and if you write a summary.

K-8. Read the text and write down its main idea. Rearrange, where possible, simple sentences, combining them into complex ones. Write with punctuation marks. Indicate the method of connection between the parts of a complex sentence (conjunctions or allied words). Make diagrams of complex sentences. Specify the types of subordinate clauses.

Memory is different. There is a memory of feelings. Joys and sorrows are stored in it. There is a memory of the mind. She keeps the thoughtful, understandable. You can remember the taste of the melon you ate a month ago because you have a memory for taste sensations. And there is also a memory for zap_khi.

Different types of memory help people in everything. But in order to (would) they (really) help them out, you need to take care to train and develop

K-9. Read the text. Write down its main idea. When copying, combine, where possible, simple sentences into complex ones. Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the method of connection between the parts of a complex sentence (conjunctions or allied words). Make diagrams of complex sentences. Specify the type of the subordinate clause.

The sugar juice from the maple (c) was first discovered by lazy women. So says the old legend (of the North American Indians in the Iroquois. Such housewives, in order not to go to a separate spring for clean water, cut the bark of a nearby tall maple and collected full pots of juice. These women completely (un)expectedly became famous as skillful cooks. All their dishes were tasty and sweet.

Most sugar is found in sugar maple sap. It is also called sugar tree. The sugar content in the juice_ of such maple reaches 3%.

K-10. Read the proposed text and its main idea, formulated below. Is she faithful? If not, correct it and add it. Combine, where possible, simple sentences into complex ones. When writing, add punctuation marks. Determine the means of communication between parts of a complex sentence (unions or allied words). Make diagrams of complex sentences. Determine the type of subordinate clauses.

It is hard to imagine that such a simple and (necessary) procedure as washing the face has its own curious history. In the 18th century, for example, a special prescription from a doctor was (necessary). With it, it was possible to force the French king Louis XV to wash. In France, in those days, it was believed that after washing with water, the face becomes rougher and more sensitive to cold and tans strongly in summer.

You need to follow the doctor's orders.

K-11. Write down sentences by punctuating and inserting unions or allied words instead of gaps.

1. After dinner, chairs with large backs were placed in rows in the large hall.

they began to gather for a meeting, the visiting Kiziveter was supposed to preach. 2. Praskovya Fedorovna Mikhel was the most attractive, smart, brilliant girl of that circle, Ivan Ilyich rotated. 3. Either sorting through the impressions of decay of the past battle, or joyfully imagining impressions, he makes the news of victory, remembering the farewell to the commander-in-chief and comrades, Prince Andrei jumped in the mail cart, experiencing the feeling of a man who has been waiting for a long time and (at) the end has reached the beginning of the desired happiness. 4. Prince Andrei, not only after his journey, but also after his campaign during

he was deprived of all the comforts of cleanliness and elegance, he experienced a pleasant feeling of relaxation among those luxurious living conditions he had been accustomed to from childhood.

K-12. Edit the text, eliminating the erroneous repetition of the allied word. Set up punctuation marks.

Only the desired sign that is used in practice gets a name. Mushroom pickers give a name only to those mushrooms that they collect from (not) edible (same) which (n_) who (not) take does not always have a name. The transfer of a mushroom that was not previously eaten to the edible class is due to the fact that it acquires a name. The word as if (as if) grows with a cognizable object.

K-13. Edit the text, eliminating the unjustified repetition of the allied word. Set up punctuation marks.

LONGEVITY OF FLOWERS

What do you know about the lifespan of the flowers that grow (in) around our houses in our gardens and parks?

A peony bush in one place can live 16-20 years. For decades, s_reni and jasmine bushes live. A variety of iris is known which was bred more than a hundred years ago. He multiplied all these years and his life (not) stopped until now.

About the (un)usual longevity_ of rose bushes that seem so fragile and (un)durable, legends can be told. IN Yasnaya Polyan _ preserved rose bushes that bloomed during the life of Leo Tolstoy. In Germany, a rose bush is known that lives 500 years.

K-14. Write by correcting punctuation errors. Specify the type of the subordinate clause.

1. The art of the artist grows together with the people he depicts. 2. Only by creating can we get all the happiness that free labor gives. 3. There is courage which, the danger itself generates. 4. Danger - always exists for those who are afraid of it. 5. The happiest person is the one who gives happiness to the greatest number of people. 6. In those who do not have love for their native country, those in their hearts are crippled beggars. 7. A deceitful face will hide everything that an insidious heart has conceived. 8. Education is not in the amount of knowledge, but in full understanding and skillful recognition of all that you know.

K-15. Write off, placing punctuation marks and coordinating allied words.

1. I nested under a tree near which the boughs began not above the ground and therefore could protect me from the rain and, admiring the surrounding view, fell asleep to myself with a serene sleep that was familiar to some hunters. 2. Muromsky, as an educated European, rode up to his opponent and politely greeted him. Berestov answered with the same (same) zeal with which a chained bear bows to the masters at the order of his leader.

K-16. From each pair of simple sentences, make a complex subordinate clause with a definitive clause. Determine, where possible, the number, gender and case of the allied word. Underline the word in the main clause that is replaced by the allied one in the subordinate clause.

The ancient Greeks knew oil well. They used it not so much as a food product but as a cream for skin and hair.

Jasmine petals are added to some varieties of green tea in China. They give the drink a special taste and aroma.

Tea for Tibetans is (not) a drink, but food is something (in) a kind of soup. It is boiled in cauldrons and served in flat bowls with salt, butter and milk.

Some Alaskans from the Kwakiutl tribe like to eat snow. It is whipped until “heavy cream” is mixed with fish oil, molasses and raw berries

It would seem that a person does not have to see the stars in the sky - it is quite possible to live without them. There are many different objects and phenomena in space, but we do not notice them without special equipment. Why does our eye see stars, and not two, not two hundred and not billions, but several thousand? Is there a reasonable explanation for this?

One of the unforgettable experiences in the life of every person is a clear night sky, in the black depths of which thousands of lights shine - stars. They are so beautiful that there is no desire to even think - why do we see them? “Well, how else? - you will be surprised. “How can you not see the stars?” It's even possible! The brightness of the stars is extremely low. Even in the brightest among them, it is close to the sensitivity threshold of our vision. If this threshold were a little higher, there would not be a single star in the sky. And at the same time, our daytime vision would practically not lose its quality. During the day, we simply would not notice a change in our vision. Nevertheless evolution for some reason gave us the ability to see the stars. But why? Not for the same to some of us studied astronomy …

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