The initial form of the verb hung. What is the initial form? Morphological features of the verb

Morphology deals with the form of a word. Changed words have forms. One of the forms is called the initial one. Initial is the form in which the word is given in dictionaries.

For nouns the initial form is singular, I.p., for example: school, class, night .

For adjectives- singular, m.p., for example: blue, winter, fox .

For numerals initial form are:
for quantitative - I.p., for example: ten, one hundred ,
for ordinals - singular, m.r., I.p., for example: second, hundredth .

Note:

For verbs* the initial form is the indefinite form of the verb (=infinitive), for example: smile , think , play .

Note:

For the sacraments initial form the verb is defined differently.

It depends on the interpretation of the nature of the sacrament.

If participles are defined as a special form of the verb, then the initial form will be the indefinite form of the verb, for example: smile, build.
If participles are defined as independent part speech, then the initial form is considered to be singular, m.r., I.p., for example: smiling, built. For more on the nature of the sacrament, see

Found morphological analyzes "hanging" - 1

Option number 1 "hanging" - Verb

Part of speech:
Part of speech of the word hung - Verb
Morphological features:
- Initial form: hang over
- Permanent signs: perfect form, intransitive, irrevocable
- Irregular signs: past tense, singular, feminine gender, indicative
The syntactic role of the word "hanging" in the sentence: depends on the context of the sentence.
Word forms: hung hung hung hung hung hung hung hung hung hung hung hung hung hung hung hung hung hung hung hung hung hung hung hung hung hung hung hung hung hung

Morphological analysis of the word "hanging"

Full morphological analysis of the word "hanging": Part of speech, initial form, morphological features and word forms.

The direction of the science of language, where the word is studied only as a part of speech, is called morphology. Do morphological analysis- means to characterize the word as a part of speech: to give a description of its semantic meaning, grammatical properties and the role that the word performs in the sentence corresponding to it.

Morphological analysis of the word "hanging" compiled according to the dictionary.

There may be several morphological analyzes of this word, since the same word in Russian is often found as various parts speech. Therefore, choose the analysis of exactly the part of speech that is indicated in your assignment. Good luck in your studies!

See also other dictionaries:

The composition of the word hung: the root in the word, the suffix, the prefix and the ending .... Morphemic parsing words hung over the composition

The stress in the word hung: which syllable is stressed and how ... The word "hanging" is correctly spelled as ... The stress in the word hung

In this lesson, you will remember what a verb is, learn the features of the indefinite form of the verb, its syntactic role in the sentence, consolidate the knowledge gained.

In the present tense verb, it is necessary to indicate the person, the attitude of the speaker to the action, if I perform the action I - i do, if you - you are doing.

The verb category exists in all languages, but not all languages behave in the same way. For example, in the Russian verb everything is obvious - there is time (present, future, past). But in Arabic there is no time, that is, we cannot determine time by the form of the verb. To do this, you need to use the words of another part of speech, for example today, now etc. More information can be found at the link in additional materials.

But the verb also has the most uninformative form. According to it, neither gender, nor number, nor person, nor tense, nor inclination can be determined. This form is called indefinite verb form , it is the dictionary for the verb and the initial form in morphological analysis. According to the indefinite form of the verb, we can determine only constant features: aspect, transitivity, conjugation (not always).

Indefinite form of the verb (infinitive)- this is such a form of the verb, according to which we can determine only constant signs (reflexivity, aspect, transitivity).

For example:

go road(Fig. 2) is a transitive verb, it controls a noun in the accusative case, without a preposition. We defined it in an indefinite form.

Rice. 2. Children cross the road ()Go - the verb is intransitive, this is also understandable by the indefinite form.

To study - the verb is reflexive, because it has a suffix -sya.

Teach - irrevocable verb(Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. The boy is learning lessons ()

News (what to do?) - imperfect species.

take away (what to do?) - perfect view.

But in none of these verbs can we determine either the time, or the person, or the number.

The indefinite form of the verb is usually formed with the help of suffixes - ti And - be. For example:

sing- suffix -th(Fig. 4)

Rice. 4. Children sing ()

row- suffix -ti

wash your face- suffix -th who stands before -sya

But sometimes the infinitive ends with -whose, which arose from the combination - to or -G from -ti. Verb cut formed like this: shearing + ti - haircut(existed for a long time). Here's another example: baking + ti - pekti, and from the word pekti arose bake.

Suffixes -ti, -th And -whose in some textbooks and in some theories it is usually distinguished as an ending. In general, this is logical, because they form the form of a word and are not included in the stem. But we know that the infinitive is an invariable form of the verb, that there is a formative suffix in Russian, which is also not included in the stem, for example, the suffix -l.

Formative suffixes -th And -l-

bake(suffix -who-) - baked(suffix -l-)

try(suffix -th) - tried(suffix -l-)

Infinitive is the dictionary form. That is, if you need to look up words in the dictionary fled, I'm going, looks, you will not find them in this form. You will have to put them in the indefinite form:

run away

look

Therefore, foreigners also need to be able to put the verb in an indefinite form in order to find out its translation.

Let's see how this helps us deal with the verb conjugation rule. We need to learn how the verb is written:

continue ... t

To do this, put it in the initial form:

proceed

Look: before the suffix -th spelled -And-, means the verb in IIconjugation and at the end we write And - continue And T.

But actually it is not. The error came out because we initially put the verb in the wrong initial form. You need to remember very well that the aspect of the verb is a constant feature. And if in personal form we have an imperfect view ( what is he doing?), then in the indefinite form there must also be an imperfect form:

continue (what to do?).

And from an indefinite form proceed (what to do?) of the perfect aspect, the personal form of the perfect aspect is also formed - will continue (what will he do?).

Difficulty can be associated not only with the form of the verb, but also with its meaning. For example, take the verb running and put it in indefinite form - run away(but not run). Although both of these verbs are imperfective ( what to do?), but their values are different. run is a single action run- repetitive (personal form from him will be - running around). The same with the words:

approve - approve, but not approve b. From the word approve we form a shape approve.

visits - visit, but not come in, from which the personal form - comes in.

Care must be taken to preserve the suffix of the stem and the meaning of the verb.

In additional materials there are tasks. Be sure to practice whether you can put the verb in the indefinite form correctly.

This is the first difficulty that we have with the indefinite form of the verb. The second difficulty is that, even if you correctly put the verb in the indefinite form, you still need to know how it is written. Consider a list of verbs to remember:

-yat verbs:sow, sow, bayat, melt, winnow, cherish, repent, start, bark, toil, bleat, find fault, smell, tease, hope, bow, cough.

verb in -it:glue.

With the advent electronic dictionaries difficulties for foreigners became much less. Electronic dictionaries recognize the form of the verb and immediately determine its meaning. But you need to know that the basis of all electronic dictionaries is the manual work of one person - Andrey Anatolievich Zaliznyak(Fig. 5). He made up « grammar dictionary Russian language".

Rice. 5. A.A. Zaliznyak ()

Just imagine what a great job he did. Collected all forms of all words of the Russian language. Then he classified them according to the ways of inflection and created a dictionary so accurate and correct that it can be used in programming. It was the electronic version of this dictionary that formed the basis of most modern computer programs working with Russian morphology, a spelling check system (what is underlined in red in Word) and machine translation, automatic referencing.

ABOUT syntactic role the infinitive must be spoken separately, because it is really unusual. The infinitive behaves in a sentence quite surprisingly. He behaves like normal nouns And adjectives, i.e. acts in a completely unusual role for the verb.

The infinitive often plays the role subject(which is quite unusual for a verb).

Or as an addition:

asked(about what?) give away - addition. We even pose a case question, which is not at all natural for a verb.

Or as a circumstance:

Came(why?) discuss - purpose circumstance.

The definition of infinitives can also be:

A wish(which?) express .

The predicate infinitive can also be:

Warn - is a predicate.

Verb is an independent part of speech that indicates the action of an object and answers questions what to do? what to do?.

The meaning of the action and process of the Russian verb is expressed in the categories of aspect, mood, time (in the indicative mood), person (in the present and future tenses and in the imperative mood), number, and in the past tense and in the conditional mood - in the form of gender.

In addition, the verb has such properties as reflexivity and transitivity.

In a sentence, the verb is primarily characterized by the role of the predicate, but it can also perform other syntactic functions (subject, object, definition and circumstance).

Bibliography

Razumovskaya M.M., Lvova S.I. and others. Russian language. 7th grade. Textbook. - 13th ed. - M.: Bustard, 2009.
Baranov M.T., Ladyzhenskaya T.A. and others. Russian language. 7th grade. Textbook. - 34th ed. - M.: Education, 2012.
Russian language. Practice. 7th grade. Ed. S.N. Pimenova - 19th ed. - M.: Bustard, 2012.
Lvova S.I., Lvov V.V. Russian language. 7th grade. In 3 hours - 8th ed. - M.: Mnemosyne, 2012.