Nikolai Fedorovich Gikalo was born on March 8 (according to the new style - 20) March 1897 in the city of Odessa. In 1915 he graduated from the Tiflis military paramedic school, after which he was sent to the front.

After Gikalo took an active part in the establishment of Soviet power in the North Caucasus, he was the chairman of the Grozny city committee of the RCP (b) and the city executive committee, from May 1918 he served as head of the city garrison. In August-November of the same year, he led the defense of Grozny from the White Cossack formations, for which he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of the RSFSR by Order of the Revolutionary Military Council.

Since 1919, Gikalo served as a member of the Caucasian Regional Committee of the RCP (b). Under his leadership, partisan formations were created and operated in the Terek region and Dagestan, which fought with the General's Volunteer Army. After the establishment of Soviet power in the North Caucasus in 1920, Gikalo became the commander of the troops - the military commissar of the Terek region. After graduation civil war he worked for the party and Soviet positions in the Caucasus and Central Asia. In 1929-1930, Gikalo served as the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (b), first of the Uzbek and then of the Azerbaijan SSR.

In 1931, Gikalo was transferred to work in Moscow, where he took the post of secretary of the Moscow regional and city committees of the CPSU (b). In 1932 he was sent to Minsk, where he became the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (b) of Belarus. He made a great contribution to the development of the Byelorussian SSR - during the years of his leadership of the republic, agriculture was also carried out, the first five-year plan was successfully completed and the second five-year plan started, great success was achieved in the development of science and culture. With his support, the construction of many important facilities in the capital of Belarus was carried out, including: the Government House, the Opera and Ballet Theatre, the House of Officers, the Palace of Pioneers. During his work as the leader of Belarus, Gikalo was elected a member of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and a candidate member of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks.

At the same time, Gikalo was one of the active conductors of Stalin's policy in the Byelorussian SSR. He carried out a large purge of party organizations, replacing people in many posts with those with whom he worked in Central Asia and the Caucasus. According to his instructions, repressions were carried out against Belarusian party and Soviet workers, cultural and scientific figures. During the years of leadership of the republic by Nikolai Fedorovich Gikalo, the number of members of the CP (b) of Belarus has almost halved.

In January 1937, Gikalo was dismissed from the post of First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (b) of Belarus and sent to work as the first secretary of the Kharkov City Committee of the Communist Party (b) of Ukraine. On October 11 of the same year, he was arrested on charges of espionage, the creation of terrorist groups and a Trotskyist organization in Belarus. On April 25, 1938, the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR sentenced Gikalo to capital punishment - execution. The sentence was carried out on the same day. The ashes of Gikalo were buried at the Kommunarka training ground near Moscow. By the decision of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR of August 10, 1955, he was posthumously rehabilitated.

Predecessor: Konstantin Veniaminovich Gay Successor: Vasily Fomich Sharangovich

First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan

5th of August - Predecessor: Levon Isaevich Mirzoyan Successor: Vladimir Ivanovich Polonsky

First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan

- Predecessor: Kupriyan Osipovich Kirkizh Successor: Isaac Abramovich Zelensky Birth: March 8 (20)(1897-03-20 )
Odessa, Russian Empire Death: 25th of April(1938-04-25 ) (41 years old) The consignment: VKP(b) (since 1917) Awards:

Nikolai Fyodorovich Gikalo(March 8 (20), 1897, Odessa - April 25, 1938) - Soviet statesman and party leader, participant in the Civil War. Member of the Communist Party since 1917.

Biography

Ukrainian by nationality. He graduated from the Tiflis military paramedic school (1915). Member of the First World War, awarded the St. George Cross.

In 1918-1927 he was at party work in the Caucasus. In 1927-1928 he was a member of the Central Asian Bureau of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. In 1929-30 secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (b) of Uzbekistan, then secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (b) of Azerbaijan (from August 5, 1929 to August 1930).

Since 1937, the first secretary of the Kharkov regional committee and city committee of the Communist Party (b) of Ukraine.

He was awarded the Order of Lenin and the Order of the Red Banner.

Wife - Chizhova Natalya Evgenievna (1897-1968)

Memory

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Notes

Literature

• Morozova O. M. Nikolai Fedorovich Gikalo // Questions of History. 2011. No. 9. S. 37-57.

Links

• Biographies: , ,

see also

M. B. Huseynov (1920) V. I. Naneishvili (1920) E. D. Stasova (1920) V. E. Dumbadze (1920) G. N. Kaminsky (1920-21) S. M. Kirov (1921- 25) R. A. Akhundov (1925-26) L. I. Mirzoyan (1926-29) N. F. Gikalo(1929-30) V. I. Polonsky (1930-33) R. G. Rubenov (1933) M. A. Bagirov (1933-53) M. A. Yakubov (1953-54) I. D. Mustafaev (1954 -59) V. Yu. Akhundov (1959-69) G. A. Aliev (1969-82) K. M. Bagirov (1982-88) The count was the first to stand up and, sighing loudly, began to be baptized on the icon. Everyone did the same. Then the count began to embrace Mavra Kuzminishna and Vassilich, who remained in Moscow, and, while they caught his hand and kissed him on the shoulder, lightly patted them on the back, saying something indistinct, affectionately soothing. The countess went into the figurative room, and Sonya found her there on her knees in front of the remaining icons scattered along the wall. (The most expensive images, according to family legends, were taken with them.) On the porch and in the yard, people leaving with daggers and sabers with which Petya armed them, with trousers tucked into boots and tightly belted with belts and sashes, said goodbye to those who remained. As always on departures, much was forgotten and not properly arranged, and for quite a long time two guides stood on both sides of the open door and the steps of the carriage, preparing to help the countess, while the girls ran with pillows, bundles from home to carriages, and a carriage , and the chaise, and back. - Everyone will forget their age! the countess said. "You know I can't sit like this." - And Dunyasha, clenching her teeth and not answering, with an expression of reproach on her face, rushed into the carriage to remake the seat. Ah, this people! said the Count, shaking his head. The old coachman Yefim, with whom the countess alone dared to ride, sitting high on her goats, did not even look back at what was being done behind him. He knew with thirty years of experience that it would not be soon before he would be told “God bless!” and that when they say, they will stop him two more times and send for forgotten things, and after that they will stop him again, and the countess herself will lean out of his window and ask him, by Christ God, to drive more carefully on the slopes. He knew this and therefore more patiently than his horses (especially the left red one - Sokol, who kicked and, chewing, sorted out the bit) expected what would happen. At last they all sat down; the steps gathered and threw themselves into the carriage, the door slammed shut, they sent for the casket, the countess leaned out and said that she must. Then Yefim slowly took off his hat from his head and began to make the sign of the cross. The postilion and all the people did the same. - With God! said Yefim, putting on his hat. - Pull it out! - Postilion touched. The right drawbar fell into the yoke, the high springs crunched, and the body swayed. The footman jumped on the goats on the move. The carriage shook as it left the yard onto the shaking pavement, the other carriages shook in the same way, and the train moved up the street. In the carriages, the carriage and the britzka, everyone was baptized at the church, which was opposite. The people who remained in Moscow walked on both sides of the carriages, seeing them off. Natasha rarely experienced such a joyful feeling as the one she now experienced, sitting in the carriage next to the countess and looking at the walls of abandoned, alarmed Moscow slowly moving past her. From time to time she leaned out of the carriage window and looked back and forth at the long train of wounded that preceded them. Almost ahead of everyone she could see the closed top of Prince Andrei's carriage. She did not know who was in it, and every time, thinking about the area of ​​\u200b\u200bher convoy, she looked for this carriage with her eyes. She knew that she was ahead of everyone. In Kudrin, from Nikitskaya, from Presnya, from Podnovinsky, several trains of the same type as the Rostov train had arrived, and carriages and carts were already traveling along Sadovaya in two rows. Driving around the Sukharev Tower, Natasha, curiously and quickly examining the people riding and walking, suddenly cried out with joy and surprise: - Fathers! Mom, Sonya, look, it's him! - Who? Who? - Look, by God, Bezukhov! - said Natasha, leaning out the window of the carriage and looking at a tall, fat man in a coachman's caftan, obviously a well-dressed gentleman in gait and posture, who, next to a yellow, beardless old man in a frieze overcoat, approached under the arch of the Sukharev Tower. - By God, Bezukhov, in a caftan, with some old boy! By God, - said Natasha, - look, look! - No, it's not him. Is it possible, such nonsense. - Mom, - Natasha shouted, - I'll give you a head to cut off, that it's him! I assure you. Stop, stop! she shouted to the coachman; but the coachman could not stop, because more carts and carriages drove out of Meshchanskaya, and they shouted at the Rostovs to move off and not detain others.

Grozny, Peoples' Friendship Square

Hero biography:

Nikolai Gikalo

In the center of the monument is a Russian revolutionary, a staunch party worker and leader of the masses Nikolai Gikalo. He is depicted in a coat, without a headdress, he has papers in his hand, his gaze is directed forward.

Nikolai Gikalo was an active fighter for Soviet power in the North Caucasus, in 1918 - 1920 he led the Grozny Bolsheviks, was the Chairman of the Grozny Soviet, commander of the Grozny Red Army and the defense of Grozny during the Hundred Days battles, led partisan movement in the Terek region, later he was the party leader of the North Caucasus Territory, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, Belarus.

Aslanbek Sheripov

On the left side of the monument is a Chechen revolutionary Aslanbek Sheripov. He is depicted in a cloak and hat. The directed look, the position of the cloak convey the temperament of the people's tribune, the leader of the Chechen poor, the look is directed forward.

Aslambek Sheripov was one of the leaders of the struggle for Soviet power in the North Caucasus, organized and commanded the Chechen Red Army, and in 1918 was a member of the Terek People's Council. Killed in battle.

Gapur Akhriev

On the right side of the monument, the Ingush revolutionary Gapur Akhriev is depicted. He is depicted in a Circassian coat, without a headdress. A focused look, a calm face express the image of a strong-willed and purposeful leader of the Ingush poor, the look is directed forward.

Gapur Akhriev was one of the leaders of the struggle for Soviet power in the North Caucasus, in 1918 he was appointed People's Commissar for Nationalities and Control of the Terek People's Council.

Information:

The monument is located in the city of Grozny on the square of Friendship of Peoples. Three-figured monument. The figures are made in full height from blocks of gray granite of the Korninsky deposit (Zhytomyr region, Ukrainian SSR, USSR). From the chest area and further down the figures are merged and not detailed.

For the first time, the idea of ​​erecting a monument to the fighters of the revolution - the heroes of the Hundred Day Battles for Grozny was announced in a resolution of the Bureau of the Chechen-Ingush Regional Committee of the CPSU and the Organizing Committee for the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic dated October 12, 1957. In subsequent years, several projects of the monument were considered.

On February 3, 1967, the bureau of the Chechen-Ingush regional committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic adopted a resolution on the construction of a monument to the heroes of the Civil War - the fighters of the revolution. The project of the sculptor Ivan Bekichev and the architect Zinovy ​​Berkovich was taken as the basis.

The construction of the monument was carried out by the Mobile Mechanized Column No. 921 "Chechingselstroy".

On March 13, 1990, the monument was recognized as an object cultural heritage and placed under state protection.

Such streets are probably not beautiful.

And here it is, Gikalo Street, like this: like a mother's unloved child, like a forty-year-old girl who is desperate to find a groom. But the very center, it would seem, build and rejoice. But something doesn't.

I was always surprised: here it is, the turn to Gikalo Street, bright, major, in Belarusian neat, clean, just a candy wrapper.

And here it is - the street. Honestly, when you read advertisements about the "quiet center", "cozy courtyards", "comfortable urban architecture" - and this is how this street is characterized - you think: is it really it?

Or is this dullness, this coldness, these ugly angles and sloppy lines - just a phantom, urban haze, an evil mirage?

How bad they feel, how scared they are with each other - the street and its hero, the houses - and their evil genius, the city - and Nikolai Gikalo.

He came to us from Moscow in January 1932. By this time, Nikolai Fedorovich Gikalo was one of the most significant figures in the party: an unbending Bolshevik, an uncompromising leader, an iron manager.

Yes, it is under him that the Opera House, the House of Officers, the House of Government, the House of Pioneers are being built in Minsk at a compressed pace and with record methods - Nikolai Fedorovich is a great lover of art and a patron of all kinds of sciences.

Do you remember these houses? Gray hulks in the middle of the melancholy, drowned in the romantic greenery of provincial Minsk?

Culture and art entered the republic with the heavy tread of the best of Stalin's dogs.

He was the most faithful of the loyal Stalinists, Nikolai Fedorovich Gikalo, a Ukrainian by birth, a party worker from the Caucasus, the first secretary of the Central Committee of the CP (b) of Uzbekistan, the first secretary of the Central Committee of the CP (b) of Azerbaijan, from now on - and our hero.

Do you feel the highest party logic?

In the fiercest struggle with the eternally recalcitrant Chechens and irresponsible Basmachi, the hand that was supposed to eventually restore order in the northwestern region was strengthened and filled with steel.

They just smashed an organization that never existed here (so what if it didn’t exist? They smashed it as if it existed), they just sent out hundreds of various counter-revolutionaries along with their petty-bourgeois junk - books, manuscripts and abstracts of university lectures, just escorted out and counter-revolutionary offspring in the person of their enemy wives and no less enemy children. And I needed iron Man who will complete the great building.

H ikolay Gikalo with his wife Natalya at the opening of the Government House in Minsk

Who, if not Gikalo?

And he took it. Gikalo was very active, very enterprising, he could not wait, he had to do everything quickly, efficiently and for centuries. There are such people. Nails would be made from these people - there would be no stronger nails in the world.

Today, Nikolai Fedorovich Gikalo is known as the creator of the personality cult of Stalin in our country, the organizer and ideological inspirer of mass political repressions, the ancestor of those processes that ended in the most terrible action in the history of mankind on the birthday of the Komsomol - mass shooting Belarusian intelligentsia on October 29, 1937 in the internal prison of the NKVD, when 108 major figures of Belarusian science and culture were destroyed in one night.

Here you are, Belarusians, opera and ballet, the house of officers and the house of pioneers. Gray concrete - and forever.

How did it happen?

The technology is well known today. To begin with, Gikalo brought to the republic his team of lower and middle leaders, whom he knew from the Caucasus and Central Asia: Belarusian leaders were transferred to other republics, arrested, and slowly removed to meaningless positions. So now there is no parochialism, nepotism, any "brotherhood" and other counter-revolutionary nonsense.

Following the cult, which was growing tangibly and rapidly in Moscow, a local, specific princely cult began to be created: factories, newspapers and steamships, pioneer squads and Komsomol primary organizations began to be called after Gikalo.

“Our wise leader”, “unshakable Bolshevik”, “father of the Belarusian people”, Gikalo met festive demonstrations and manifestations, at which his portraits were massively carried. This is how the background was created.

And then - just a guide. The pace of collectivization was forcibly accelerated, orders one more harshly than the other flew to the regions. Plans for the dispossessed, mass dispatches of peasants to Siberia, mass arrests of railway workers for the refusal of one conscientious one to take the dispossessed in winter to a half-station - these are all personal orders of Comrade Gikalo, the great builder of the House of Pioneers and a great lover of opera.

The same is true in factories. Endless party purges, endless expulsions from the party with the corresponding organizational conclusions. And the republic was oh so bad! Clean and clean, send and send!

In a memorandum addressed to N. Yezhov, Gikalo writes:

“We now have a number of enterprises where the number of those expelled exceeds the number of Communists in the enterprises. In this regard, the Central Committee of the CP(b)B raises the question of deporting up to 1,000 people from Belarus to the rear republics and regions of the most dangerous enemies who are expelled from the party, and deporting the majority of those expelled from the border regions to the rear areas of the republic.

Nikolai Gikalo (right) and his unnamed workmate in Grozny

And this is the softest of Gikalo's notes - about eviction. If things are bad - you need to watch! For everyone! It was Gikalo who personally ordered and in many cases led the collection of incriminating evidence on all (absolutely all!) Middle and top managers of Belarus.

Directors of factories, factories, schools, theaters, circles, folk choirs and pioneer squads - from now on, everyone had personal compromising information. They might not have let him into business - he lay until his hour, slowly and surely, as is usual in the domestic bureaucracy, replenished with papers, notes, overheard conversations ... People lived, and daddies grew up. For everyone.

Gikalo's signature is on all documents according to which people were expelled from the party, fired from their jobs, arrested and persecuted. It was under him, on his personal initiative and under his leadership, that the flywheel of repressions of 1937 gained momentum - until March 18, Gikalo gave order after order on arrests, surveillance, and investigation.

And in March it was suddenly removed. They sent him to Kharkov to lead only the city committee. Stopped at full speed.

What did he think?

In the heat of the ebullient Chekist work, he somehow did not notice how he had put together a Trotskyist national-fascist organization in Minsk. Surprised, citizen Gikalo? We, too! But people - people confess! Dozens! Hundred! You, they say, were in charge of them!

He himself will sign everything - after torture, for which masters were found in Kharkov. Was, organized, planned, wanted. Everyone will sign. He knew better than anyone else that there was no way out. At all. He was shot on April 25, 1937.

The usual story.

That's just us, then she - for what?

VELVET: Anna Sevyarynets