Exists infinite set forms. The shape is the outer outline of an object.
The study of forms can be started from early childhood, drawing the attention of your child to the world around us, which consists of figures (a plate is round, a TV is rectangular).
From the age of two, the baby should know three simple shapes - a circle, a square, a triangle. At first, he should just show them when you ask for it. And at the age of three, already call them independently and distinguish a circle from an oval, a square from a rectangle.
The more exercises for fixing the forms will be performed by the child, the more new figures he will remember.
The future first-grader should know all the simple geometric shapes and be able to make applications from them.
What do we call a geometric figure?
A geometric figure is a standard by which you can determine the shape of an object or its parts.
The figures are divided into two groups: flat figures, three-dimensional figures.
We call plane figures those figures that are located in the same plane. These include circle, oval, triangle, quadrangle (rectangle, square, trapezoid, rhombus, parallelogram) and all kinds of polygons.
Volumetric figures include: sphere, cube, cylinder, cone, pyramid. These are the shapes that have height, width and depth.
Follow two simple tips when explaining geometric shapes:
- Patience. What seems simple and logical to us, adults, will seem simply incomprehensible to a child.
- Try drawing shapes with your child.
- A game. Start learning shapes in a playful way. Good exercises for fixing and studying flat shapes are applications from geometric shapes. For volumetric ones, you can use ready-made purchased games, as well as choose applications where you can cut and glue a three-dimensional shape.
Raisa Balandina
"Volumetric Geometric Shapes"
Synopsis of GCD in preparatory group on the topic:
« Volumetric geometric shapes» .
Tasks:
Practice counting within 20 forward and backward
To consolidate knowledge about the sequence of days of the week, seasons
Consolidate children's ideas about geometric shapes
NOD classes.
Guys, look, this morning I went to Kindergarten and met the postman. He gave me this interesting letter. It was sent by Pinocchio. He already goes to school. Here, what is he writing:
"Dear Guys! In order to study well at school, you need to know a lot, be able to, think, guess. And also solve unusual tasks, perform tasks for ingenuity and ingenuity. So I was given such tasks, but I find it difficult to complete them. Help me please".
Guys, let's help Pinocchio.
1 task. Answer the questions:
What season is it now? (Spring)
name the spring months
What month is it now? (March)
How many days in a week? (seven)
Name them;
What day of the week is today? (Tuesday)
What Thursday is the count? (fourth)
What day of the week was yesterday?
What day of the week will be tomorrow?
2 task.
Guys, Pinocchio, can't complete the next task. Let's help him:
What is the account like? (forward and reverse)
Count from 10 to 20;
Count back from 20;
Name a number less than fifteen;
Name the neighbor 11 and 14;
Compare the numbers 16 and 18;
Compare the numbers 15 and 15;
3 task.
caregiver: And now we will work with the card sent by Pinocchio. You must tell where and how figures.
caregiver: - Where is the rectangle?
Child: - The rectangle is in the middle.
caregiver: - Where is the oval?
Child:- The oval is to the right of the rectangle
caregiver: - Where is the circle?
Child:- The circle is at the bottom, below the rectangle
caregiver: - Where is the square?
Child:- The square is to the left of the rectangle
caregiver: - Where is the triangle?
Child: - The triangle is on top, above the rectangle.
Fizminutka.
Worked guys.
Now it's all about charging!
We stomp our feet so many times (showing number 6)
Clap our hands so many times (showing the number 10)
We will swear so many times (showing number 7)
We'll bend over now (showing number 4)
We will jump just as much (showing number 8)
Hey count! Game and only.
4 task.
On the table in front of the children are voluminous geometric figures(ball, cube, cylinder, cone)
- Next task: Children what is it? What kind figures? How many? Which figure comes first? Second? Third? Which is the last one?
caregiver: Guys, do you know what geometric shapes can be drawn, draw in a notebook, cut out of colored paper. And they can also be laid out from counting sticks. And not just one, but several. Let's try.
A) - count three sticks and make a triangle
Count two more sticks and make another triangle
How many triangles did you get? (two)
How many sticks did you count?
B) - count four sticks and make a square.
Count out three more sticks and make another square
Which figure you got? (rectangle)
How many quadrangles did you get? (three)
How many polygons did you get? (three)
name them (two squares and one polygon)
Which are divided into geometric figures? (volumetric and flat)
How do they differ from each other? (flat ones can be placed on a plane, but volumetric ones cannot).
We have now laid out on the table three-dimensional or flat figures?
And now we will make from sticks and plasticine figure, which consists of several ... why? You will learn, guessing the riddle:
Three peaks are visible in it,
Three corners, three sides
Even a preschooler knows him
After all figure -(triangle).
Guys what's the name figure, which consists of several triangles? (pyramid)
Let's make a pyramid out of plasticine and counting sticks.
5 task.
Guys, Pinocchio says that you are already tired - let's play. This game is a test "True False"- we will help to correct the mistakes that Pinocchio specifically left here and there.
If you hear what you think is right, clap your hands, if you hear something that is not right, shake your head
The sun rises in the morning; (right)
In the morning you need to do exercises; (right)
You can not wash in the morning; (wrong)
The moon shines bright during the day; (wrong)
In the morning the children go to kindergarten; (right)
At night people dine; (wrong)
In the evening the whole family gathers at home; (right)
There are 7 days in a week; (right)
Monday is followed by Wednesday; (wrong)
After Saturday comes Sunday; (right)
Before Friday is Thursday; (right)
There are 5 seasons in total; (wrong)
Spring comes after summer; (wrong).
8 task. And now Pinocchio has prepared a graphic dictation for you. You must draw one of the signs (spring events).
Children, put the pencil on the highlighted point and draw in the cells.
Look at and compare your drawing with the sample.
Well done boys!
Summary of the lesson.
So you completed all the tasks of Pinocchio. What have we learned today? What tasks did you do? What tasks were difficult?
Pinocchio thanks you for your help.
In today's article, I would like to talk about how easy and fun it is to study geometric shapes with a baby, and why in general in such early age load the child with geometry. What games will be interesting for a baby from 1 year old, and what materials you will need for classes - read about all this in the article. In addition, here you will find some useful materials for download.
Why study geometric shapes with a toddler?
- The study of geometric shapes is useful for general development baby, expanding his knowledge of the world around him. If you introduce a child to forms at an early age, it will be much easier for him at school.
Geometric shapes are found everywhere, they can be seen in most of the objects around us: a round ball, a rectangular table, etc. Analyzing the similarity of surrounding objects with geometric shapes, the child wonderfully trains associative and spatial thinking.
Many interesting educational games are based on the ability to distinguish geometric shapes. This is construction, games with, mosaic, mathematical tablet, etc. Therefore, the study of forms at such an early age will contribute to the further successful development of the child.
So, games for learning and consolidating knowledge about geometric shapes :
1. We name geometric shapes always and everywhere
If during games or reading books you come across any figure, be sure to pay attention to the baby and name it (“Look, the ball looks like a circle, and the cube looks like a square”). Even if it seems to you that the child is still unlikely to remember the names of the figures, pronounce them anyway, and they will certainly be deposited in his head. You can do this for up to a year. At first, point only to the main shapes (square, circle, triangle), then, when you realize that the baby has mastered them, start studying other shapes.
2. Playing Geometric Lotto
For the first lessons with the baby, it is better to use the loto, where there are only 3-4 figures. When the baby has mastered such a game well, gradually complicate the task. It is also useful for the first time to make all the pieces on the playing field of the same color and size. In this case, the child will focus on only one sign - the form, while other characteristics will neither distract nor prompt him.
You can impose on the playing field both cards with the image of figures, and three-dimensional figures. Good for this purpose Gyenes blocks (Ozone, KoroBoom), figurines from the sorter, insert frame.
Well, the most troublesome option is to purchase ready-made loto with geometric shapes.
3. Playing with the sorter
Around the age of 1 year, the child begins to notice that the figure he has chosen sorter (Ozone, labyrinth, My shop) can not be pushed into every hole. Therefore, during the game, it is necessary to focus on this: “So, here we have a circle - it doesn’t fit here, it doesn’t fit here, but where does it fit?”. At first, turning the figure at the right angle can be difficult for the baby, but it's not scary, it's a matter of practice. Most importantly, do not forget to pronounce the names of the figures all the time during the exciting process of “pushing through”, and the child will quietly remember them all.
Important! When choosing a sorter, pay attention to the fact that all the main geometric shapes are presented there, and not just hearts and crescents.
4. Playing with the frame insert
It will take such insert frame, which shows all the main figures. At its core, the game is similar to a sorter.
Here is another interesting shape recognition game - "" ( labyrinth, My shop). Despite the fact that the age on it is 3-5 years old, it will be of interest to a child of 2 years old and even a little earlier.
9. Learning forms from Doman cards
In fact, I believe that this method of studying forms is the most effective. If you are engaged in, the child will very quickly remember all the figures, and you will spend a minimum of effort on this. However, it should be noted that in order for the knowledge gained from Doman's cards to be deposited in the baby's head, they need to be fixed through other games (see above). Otherwise, the child will quickly forget everything that you showed him. Therefore, I recommend starting to look at Doman's cards with geometric shapes at about the age of 1 year, since at this time the baby becomes interested in sorters, insert frames, drawing, appliqué, etc. And, having studied the forms from the pictures, he will be able to use the knowledge gained in these games. By the way, you can buy Geometric Shapes cards, but buy HERE.
You can read about our experience in studying figures using Doman's cards.
10. Watch educational cartoons
And, of course, watching cartoons on the theme "Geometric shapes" does not hurt, now you can find a lot of them on the Internet. Here are some of them:
Instead of a conclusion
Very often, the process of teaching a child geometric shapes (and not only shapes) is perceived by parents solely as a constant examination of the child, i.e. they show the child a couple of times, for example, a square, and in the future, the training comes down to the question “Tell me, what kind of figure is this?”. This approach is extremely wrong. Firstly, because, like any person, a child does not like it too much when they arrange a knowledge test for him, and this only discourages him from studying. Secondly, before asking a kid about something, he needs to explain and show it a lot of times!
Therefore, try to keep screening questions to a minimum. Just repeat and repeat the information you are learning, be it the names of shapes or something else. Do this while playing and talking with your baby. And the fact that the child has learned everything, you will soon see for yourself without unnecessary checks.
Little kids are ready to learn anywhere and anytime. Their young brain is able to capture, analyze and remember as much information as it is difficult even for an adult. What parents should teach their kids has generally accepted age limits.
Children should learn the basic geometric shapes and their names at the age of 3 to 5 years.
Since all children are multi-educational, these boundaries are only conditionally accepted in our country.
Geometry is the science of shapes, sizes and arrangement of figures in space. It may seem that this is difficult for babies. However, the subjects of this science are all around us. That is why having basic knowledge in this area is important for both children and adults.
To captivate children in the study of geometry, you can resort to funny pictures. In addition, it would be nice to have aids that the child can touch, feel, circle, color, recognize with his eyes closed. The main principle of any activity with children is to keep their attention and develop a craving for the subject using game techniques and a relaxed, fun environment.
The combination of several means of perception will do the job very quickly. Use our mini-manual to teach your child to distinguish geometric shapes, to know their names.
The circle is the very first of all figures. In nature around us, much is round: our planet, the sun, the moon, the core of a flower, many fruits and vegetables, the pupils of the eyes. A volumetric circle is a ball (ball, ball)
It is better to start studying the shape of a circle with a child by looking at drawings, and then reinforce the theory with practice by letting the child hold something round in his hands.
A square is a figure in which all sides have the same height and width. Square objects - cubes, boxes, house, window, pillow, stool, etc.
It is very simple to build all sorts of houses from square cubes. Drawing a square is easier to do on a piece of paper in a cage.
A rectangle is a relative of a square, which differs in that it has the same opposite sides. Just like a square, a rectangle is all equal to 90 degrees.
You can find many items that have the shape of a rectangle: cabinets, appliances, doors, furniture.
In nature, mountains and some trees have the shape of a triangle. From the immediate environment of the kids, one can cite as an example the triangular roof of the house, various road signs.
Some ancient structures, such as temples and pyramids, were built in the shape of a triangle.
An oval is a circle that is elongated on both sides. For example, an oval shape is possessed by: an egg, nuts, many vegetables and fruits, a human face, galaxies, etc.
An oval in volume is called an ellipse. Even the Earth is flattened from the poles - ellipsoidal.
Rhombus
A rhombus is the same square, only elongated, that is, it has two obtuse angles and a pair of sharp ones.
You can study a rhombus with the help of visual aids - a drawn picture or a three-dimensional object.
Memorization techniques
Geometric shapes are easy to remember by name. Learning them for children can be turned into a game by applying the following ideas:
- Buy a children's picture book that contains fun and colorful drawings of figures and their analogies from the outside world.
- Cut out more figures from multi-colored cardboard, laminate them with adhesive tape and use them as a constructor - a lot of interesting combinations can be laid out by combining different figures.
- Buy a ruler with holes in the shape of a circle, square, triangle and others - for children who are already friends with pencils, drawing with such a ruler is an interesting activity.
You can come up with many opportunities to teach kids to know the names of geometric shapes. All methods are good: drawings, toys, observation of surrounding objects. Start small, gradually complicating the information and tasks. You will not feel how time flies, and the baby will surely please you with success in the near future.
Geometry is a branch of mathematics that studies shapes and their properties.
The geometry that is studied at school is called Euclidean, after the ancient Greek scientist Euclid (3rd century BC).
The study of geometry begins with planimetry. Planimetry- This is a branch of geometry in which figures are studied, all parts of which are in the same plane.
Geometric figures
There are many material objects in the world around us. different forms and sizes: residential buildings, machine parts, books, decorations, toys, etc.
In geometry, instead of the word object, they say a geometric figure. Geometric figure(or short: figure) is a mental image of a real object, in which only the shape and dimensions are stored, and only they are taken into account.
Geometric shapes are divided into flat And spatial. In planimetry, only plane figures are considered. flat geometric figure is called such, all points of which lie on the same plane. An idea of such a figure is given by any drawing made on a sheet of paper.
Geometric shapes are very diverse, for example, a triangle, a square, a circle, etc.:
A part of any geometric figure (except for a point) is also a geometric figure. The union of several geometric shapes will also be a geometric figure. In the figure below, the left figure is made up of a square and four triangles, while the right figure is made up of a circle and parts of a circle.
