Lesson 2. Topic: “Digits of adverbs”

Lesson objectives:

Consolidating the ability to find adverbs and determine their meaning;

Systematization of students’ knowledge about the meaning of adverbs, familiarization with semantic groups of adverbs;

Formation of the ability to determine whether an adverb belongs to a particular semantic group:

Lesson type: lesson to consolidate knowledge, skills and abilities.

Equipment:

Interdisciplinary connections: connection with computer science, history, literature.

Lesson topic:“Love and know the Russian language.”

DURING THE CLASSES

Exercise. Write down the sentence, make it complete parsing. Find an adverb in the sentence and talk about it as a part of speech.

Study hard, live together (M. Gorky).

2. Checking homework.

Exercise. Listen to the poem, write down the adverbs, and ask questions about them.

It's no merit to be white
Not dignity - fair-haired,
It's very difficult to be brave
It's very easy to be a coward.
Who did not betray Russia
For your own glory
He knows: it's hard to be brave.
Knows: just to be weak.
He knows: it’s hard to live big.
It’s easier to live carefully.
Kindness is difficult and difficult,
And it’s not difficult for the unkind.

(P. Panchenko)

Conclusion: While writing out adverbs and asking questions about them, you noticed that according to their meaning, adverbs can be divided into several categories. We'll talk about this in today's lesson.

II. Consolidation of new material.

1. Reading the material in the textbook “Meaning groups of adverbs.”

– But why does the adverb have so many different questions?

2. The teacher reads a fairy tale about the semantic groups of adverbs.

Exercise. While the teacher reads the fairy tale, students write down all the semantic groups of adverbs.

On the main square of the city, all dialects have already managed to divide into interest groups. Led each group questions.

Here is a group of adverbs-travelers led by questions Where? Where? where? - they named themselves Adverbs of place.

Here Adverbs of time led by questions When? since when? How long?

Questions Why? from what? came with the curious Adverbs of reason, and questions For what? For what? led Adverbs of purpose.

Last to appear Adverbs of manner with questions How? how?

Question How? came forward, looked around and asked:

– Are all the adverbs here? I see that adverbs of place, time, reason have arrived...

“We are here too,” responded the adverbs of purpose and mode of action.

- I do not see Adverbs of measure and degree.

- Why aren’t they there?

– When will they appear?

-Where did they stay? – questions rained down from the audience.

- Without them we cannot understand how much good we work and in what degree children have learned the laws of our country.

There were latecomers here Adverbs of measure and degree with questions How many? in what degree? to what extent? how much?

When fully assembled, the adverbs decided that each group would be called a category by meaning, or semantic group, there would be six groups, and adverbs would be distributed into groups questions.

1. Compile a table “Semantic groups of adverbs.”

Exercise. Fill out the table by writing the correct questions and category for the adverbs.

2. Precautionary dictation.

Exercise. Determine which semantic group the adverbs belong to.

1. Beautifully, timidly, in a good way, heroically, by heart, on foot - way of action.

2. Out of spite, on purpose, on purpose, finally - goals.

3. From above, from the side, to the right, to the side, to the left, close, not far - places.

4. Little, plenty, twice, too much, very, very, too – measures and degrees.

5. Tomorrow, a long time ago, always, long ago, from a young age, soon, immediately - time.

6. Spontaneously, rashly, involuntarily, out of spite, blindly - causes.

3. Selection of synonyms for adverbs.

Exercise. Find synonyms for these adverbs and write them down.

Diligently - diligently.

Close - nearby.

Inspired - emotionally.

Artfully - masterfully.

Affectionately – gently.

IV. Creative tasks.

V. Tasks of increased difficulty.

1. Speak correctly.

Exercise. How to say: borrowed or mutually?

Answer. The correct form is borrowed, derived from a noun loan.

Answer: below.

Answer: around.

VII. Summing up the lesson, homework.

Lesson 3. Topic: “Degrees of comparison of adverbs”

Lesson objectives:

Familiarization with the formation of comparative and superlative degrees of adverbs, with the syntactic role of adverbs in comparative degree;

Formation of the ability to form, find and distinguish between degrees of comparison of adverbs;

Formation of the ability to distinguish the comparative degree of an adjective and an adverb, to form degrees of comparison of adverbs;

To instill in students an interest in learning the Russian language.

Lesson type:

Equipment:

1) cards with individual tasks;

2) presentation materials made in PowerPoint.

Interdisciplinary connections:

Lesson topic: “Love and know the Russian language.”

DURING THE CLASSES

I. Message of the topic, purpose of the lesson.

1. Individual task, proposal analysis.

Exercise. Write down the sentence, do a full syntactic analysis. Find an adverb in the sentence and talk about it as a part of speech.

Study hard, live together. (M. Gorky)

2. Linguistic warm-up.

Exercise. Continue the line, taking into account the rank of the adverb.

Below, ... (places).

Tomorrow, ... (time).

Hot, ... (mode of action).

I'll go blind, ... (reasons).

Out of spite, ... (goals).

Very, ... (measures and degrees).

1. Degrees of comparison of adverbs. Working with the textbook.

Although adverbs are unchangeable words, there is one exception. Adverbs of manner of action on O (as well as qualitative adjectives from which these adverbs were formed) have degrees of comparison: comparative And excellent.

For example:

Beautiful dance - initial form;

dance more beautiful(more Beautiful)- comparative;

more beautiful everyone– superlative degree.

Thus, adverbs of manner on O, formed from qualitative adjectives, vary according to degrees of comparison.

Comparative adverb degree denotes a more (less) high degree of manifestation of a characteristic: fly high – fly higher (fly higher).

Like an adjective, an adverb has two comparative forms: simple And composite.

The simple form is formed using suffixes:

-ee(s): run fast - faster (faster);

-e: shout loudly - louder;

-she: wake up early - earlier.

Compound form of comparative degree is formed from a combination initial form adverbs with words more (less):

run more (less) fast;

scream more (less) loud.

Superlative adverbs It has only composite form: comparative adverb + words everyone, everything:

run faster everyone;

love more Total.

Simple forms adverbs with suffixes -eyshe, -ayshe are found extremely rarely, mainly in archaic phrases like submissively Yeshe please, below Aishe I bow etc.

Comparative forms of adverbs and qualitative adjectives the same in pronunciation and spelling:

Now the friend's face has become more fun (adjective).

The sun is shining in spring more fun (adverb).

2. Consolidation of new material.

Exercise. Make verb phrases with these words. Write down these phrases, forming degrees of comparison of adverbs.

Sample:

look strictly - more strictly (more strictly) - more strictly than anyone else.

Smarter - smarter (more intelligent) - smarter than everyone else.

Colder – colder (colder) – coldest.

Hot – hotter (hotter) – hottest.

Sweet – sweeter (more sweet) – sweetest of all.

Interesting - more interesting (more interesting) - most interesting.

Joyfully - more joyfully (more joyfully) - most joyfully.

3. Take note! Theoretical material.

In order not to confuse similar forms of these parts of speech, it is necessary to take into account that:

4. Consolidation of new material.

Exercise. Read N. Yazykov’s poem expressively. Are the highlighted words an adverb or an adjective?

My friend! What could it be mile (adjective)

Priceless native land?

The sun seems to be there lighter (adjective),

There more joyful (adjective) golden spring,

Cooler (adjective) light wind,

More fragrant (adjective) flowers, hills there greener (adjective),

There sweeter (adverb) the stream gurgles,

There the nightingale sings more sonorous (adverb),

Everything there can delight us,

Everybody there Wonderful (adjective), everybody there cute (adjective).

III. Training exercises.

1. Comparative and superlative degrees.

Exercise. In accordance with the theoretical material of this lesson, fill out the table.

Degrees of comparison of adverbs

	comparative		excellent
	simple	composite	simple	composite
sadly
Interesting
loudly
low
strictly

2. Adjective or adverb?

Exercise. Determine in which phrases the highlighted words are short adjectives, and in which ones - by adverbs.

Take off high– adverb.

Said loud– adverb.

Canvas Beautiful- adjective.

Draws Beautiful– adverb.

Building high- adjective.

Movement fast- adjective.

Sailed fast– adverb.

Sound loud- adjective.

Morning chilly- adjective.

Met chilly– adverb.

3. Comparative or superior?

Exercise. Determine in which phrases adverbs are used in the comparative degree and in which - in the superlative degree.

Running faster is comparative.

Running the fastest is excellent.

To love more is comparative.

To love more than anything is excellent.

Laugh louder – comparative.

4. Test on the topic “Degrees of comparison of adverbs.”

1. Adverbs do not have the following degree of comparison:

1) simple comparative;

2) simple excellent;

3) composite comparative;

4) excellent composition.

2. The simple comparative degree of adverbs is formed using:

1) endings;

2) word-forming suffixes;

3) formative suffixes;

4) consoles.

3. Indicate the suffixes that are not involved in the formation of the simple comparative degree of adverbs:

1) -enn-, -onn-;

2) -her(s);

4) -she.

4. The compound comparative degree of adverbs is formed using the words:

1) most, most;

2) most, least;

3) everyone, everything;

4)more, less.

5. In what variants do all phrases contain adverbs in the comparative degree?

1) He rose higher and drew more beautifully;

2) rose above everyone else, drew more beautifully, did it faster, threw it further;

3) screams louder, spoke longer, rises higher, colors less brightly;

4) sang loudly, drew more beautifully, rose higher.

6. Which sentence contains an adverb in the comparative degree?

1) Children laugh merrily on the street.

3) In the photo, Boris's face is more cheerful.

4) Today the ensemble sang more cheerfully and louder.

7. Indicate sentences that contain comparative adverbs.

1) The bell rang louder and more insistently.

2) Day by day her eyes became sadder.

3) And silently he saddles his horse, his gaze blazing more terrible.

4) I have never met a meaner person.

8. Which word is not an adverb in the comparative degree?

1) Or rather;

2) easier;

9. Which sentences contain an adverb of comparative degree?

1) It's always harder to tell the truth about yourself.

2) This task is more difficult than the previous ones.

3) Deciding to take a serious action is more difficult than promising something.

4) Those who are mastering new routes have the hardest time.

10. Compound superlative adverbs indicate that the attribute:

1) manifests itself to a greater extent;

2) manifests itself to the greatest (smallest) extent;

3) does not always appear;

4) is present in significant quantities.

11. Compound superlative adverbs are formed using:

1) suffixes -aysh-, -eysh- from adverb;

2) words very, too from adverb;

3) words everyone, everything and comparative adverbs;

4) words everyone and adverbs.

IV. A task of increased difficulty.

Word form higher.

Question. What part of speech is the word form higher in examples:

1) The bell tower is higher than the church.

2) Is the bell tower located higher than the church?

Answer:

In both examples the element higher is an unchangeable word form with the meaning of comparative degree. But in order to decide which part of speech it belongs to, one should, firstly, determine which original form it corresponds to, and secondly, pay attention to its syntactic function in the utterance.

In the first example, the word form higher plays the role of a nominal part compound predicate; its starting point is the positive degree of the adjective high (cf.: The bell tower is high; The bell tower is taller than the church). In the second example higher – this is a circumstance, and this word form correlates with the adverb high (cf.: The bell tower is located high; The bell tower is located higher than the church). Thus, in the first example higher – adjective, in the second – adverb.

V. Creative tasks.

1. Write a story.

Exercise. Find and underline phrases containing adverbs in the comparative and superlative degrees. Come up with and write a story on the topic of school life, using as many of these phrases with adverbs as possible.

He greeted everyone loudest; I really didn’t want to; didn't know well; thought instantly; started it up cheerfully; trotting; already angry; you just knock it down; read by heart; shouted loudly; read now; perfectly understood; looked carefully; looked even more carefully; I remembered right away.

Exercise. Remember everything you have learned about degrees of comparison of adverbs, compose and write down a dialogue - an argument between two boys who went on a trip.

VI. Entertaining material to the lesson.

1. Rebus.

Exercise. Solve the puzzles and determine the parts of speech of the riddle words.

Answer: inside.

Answer: behind.

Lesson 4. Topic: “Word formation. Formation of adverbs"

Lesson objectives:

Familiarization with different ways of forming adverbs;

Formation of the ability to form adverbs from other parts of speech;

Formation of the ability to distinguish between word formation methods;

To instill in students an interest in learning the Russian language.

Lesson type: lesson explaining new material.

Equipment:

1) cards with individual tasks;

2) presentation materials made in PowerPoint.

Interdisciplinary connections: connection with computer science, history, literature.

Lesson topic: “Love and know the Russian language.”

DURING THE CLASSES

I. Message of the topic, purpose of the lesson.

1. Individual task, proposal analysis.

Exercise. What are adverbs formed from? Write the words from which these adverbs are derived.

Sample: artistic - artistic.

Pevuche – (singing);

skillfully – (skillful);

aching – (aching);

artificially – (artificial);

defiantly – (defiant).

2. Linguistic warm-up.

Exercise. Give an example with an error in the formation of the word form:

1) with twenty-five rubles;

2) no complaints;

3) worst of all;

4) don’t put notebooks here.

1) in both bags;

3) put it down;

4) more beautiful.

1) five hundred paces;

2) five kilograms;

3) more beautiful;

4) lie down on the mat.

II. Explanation of new material.

Working with a textbook or presentation materials made in PowerPoint.

The most common ways to form adverbs are as follows:

1) suffixal: fast - fast O, creative - creative And;

2) prefix-suffixal: dry - before dry A, wrong side - on inside out y;

3) prefix: Fine - Not ok, where - neither Where;

4) addition different types:

addition of words: barely, barely - barely;

addition with first element semi-: reclining;

addition with the addition of a suffix or prefix and suffix: walk by - passing by ohm; gender, strength - V half strength s.

Consolidating new material

Exercise. Determine the method of forming adverbs:

1) four times– (suffixal);

2) before dark– (prefix-suffixal);

3) for tomorrow– (prefix);

4) a long time ago– (word addition).

III. Training exercises.

Method of forming adverbs.

Exercise 1. Determine the method of forming these adverbs:

away – (prefix-suffixal);

slowly – (suffixal);

softly – (suffixal);

quickly-quickly – (word addition);

quieter – (suffixal);

once – (suffixal).

Task 2. Determine the method of forming adverbs. Match these adverbs (left column) with their method of formation (right column).

Word formation "chains".

Task 3. Restore word-formation chains:

indescribable – (indescribable – describe) – write;

madly – ​​(mad – smart) – mind;

infinitely – (endless – finite) – end;

varied – (varied) – different + image.

Text analysis.

Task 4. Insert the missing letters, open the brackets, and add the missing punctuation marks. Find adverbs in the text and determine their category. Do morphological analysis adverbs smoothly.

He began to sing.

A (crystal) clear, sonorous and unusually strong tenor rang in the room. There was something magically passionate in the very timbre of this bright, metallic voice.

Smoothly and tenderly, chesty, hot, trembling sounds flowed one after another. They flowed freely with noble restraint, sounded simple and modest, as if he did not want to reveal the depths of feeling, but it, like a flame, itself broke through and beat from the singer’s chest overflowing with hot, passionate sounds.

He sang about the longing of love. These sounds breathed soft fire and tears.

(S.G. Skitalets)

Prefixal method of word formation.

Task 5. Prove that these adverbs are formed prefixed way.

Sample entry: not + little – a lot.

Out of nowhere, nowhere, ignorance, everywhere, frivolous, unfair, never, once, from now on, from everywhere, tomorrow, illegible, forever, nowhere, nowhere, forever, not far away, restless.

Adverb as part of speech.

Task 6. Rewrite the text, add missing punctuation marks. Underline the adverbs as parts of the sentence. Perform morphological analysis of adverbs indescribable And higher.

And at night the forest took on an indescribably eerie, fairytale-like appearance: its wall grew higher and in its depths, red furry animals darted madly between the black trunks.

The figures of fire flowed in infinite variety between the black trunks and the dance of these figures was tireless.

(M. Gorky)

Test on the topic “Word formation of adverbs”.

1. Adverbs from adjectives are formed:

1) using attachments;

2) using suffixes;

3) using connecting vowels.

2. Adverbs from nouns can be formed:

1) using a suffix -O;

2) using a suffix -And;

3) using a suffix -ohm;

3. Adverbs can be formed:

1) from all independent parts of speech;

2) only from adjectives;

3) from adjectives, nouns and numerals.

4. Adverbs cannot be formed:

1) adding the basics;

2) transition from one part of speech to another;

3) prefix-suffix method;

4) can be formed in any of these ways.

5. Indicate the correct version of word-formation parsing:

1) left – left (from an adjective in a prefix-suffix way);

2) left - left(in a prefix-suffixal way from an adverb).

6. Determine how the adverb is formed almost:

2) from the verb honor;

3) from a noun reading matter.

IV. Creative tasks.

Restore the text.

Exercise 1. Instead of blanks, use appropriate adverbs.

It was noon, ______ the sun was burning. A black cloud appeared on the horizon, ______ moving from west to east. _______ wind started to blow. The young birch tree ______ trembled. The gusty wind intensified. Lightning flashed in the distance, ________ the first clap of thunder sounded. Hurrying to take cover, _______ birds rushed about.

Words to insert: unbearable, merciless, slow, leisurely, suddenly, intermittently, helplessly, frightened, dull, chaotic, anxious.

Let's remember phraseological units.

Task 2. Replace these phraseological units (stable phrases) with adverbs.

We select adverbs.

Task 3. Select appropriate adverbs and insert them into the text.

Words to insert: to the top, as before, around, cheerfully, furiously, completely, continuously, from above.

Timoshka with one jerk found himself next to her (Dasha) and, struggling with _______ falling _______ streams of water, ________ shook himself off several times, then sat down and looked at _______ the wet Dasha. The rain _________ rustled in the leaves of the apple tree, _________ everything ________ was boiling with rain, the trees stood heavy, filled with ________ water.

(P. Proskurin)

Using this text, write down the adverbs formed:

1) by prefix method – ...;

2) in a suffix way – ...;

3) in a prefix-suffix way – ... .

V. Entertaining material for the lesson.

1. Puzzles.

Exercise. Solve the puzzles and determine the parts of speech of the riddle words.

Answer: about.

Answer: nearby.

LITERATURE

1. Volina V.V. Fun grammar. M.: Knowledge, 1995.

2. Goryunova G.G., Lobanovskaya Z.D., Dolzhenko O.A. Adverb and eloquence. Workshop on the Russian language. St. Petersburg: Paritet, 2004.

3. Norman B.Y. Russian language in problems and answers. For competitions, quizzes and self-education. Minsk: New Knowledge LLC, 2004.

4. Russian proverbs and sayings / Ed. V. Anikina. M.: Fiction, 1998.

5. Solovyova N.N. Russian language in tasks and games. Notebook for creative works. 7th grade.
M.: Continent-Alpha, 2004.

A.I. GRISCHENKO,
Moscow

By value adverbs can be separated by two ranks: adverbial and attributive. Adverbs of adverbs denote manner of action, time, place, reason, purpose ( walk, walk in the evening, walk far etc.).

Determinative adverbs denote the measure and degree, the quality of an action (double, increase slightly, etc.).

224. Write down phrases with highlighted adverbs in this order: adverbial adverbs with the meaning of a) manner of action; b) duration of action. Write the questions they answer above the adverbs.

1. Fight for the right cause boldly. 2. He who stands for a just cause will always win. 3. Stand together for peace - there will (not) be war. 4. He stands firm in his word, to whom the word is dear. (Proverbs) 5. Where fast, noisy waters were recently free, today pedestrians passed, carts with goods passed. (N. Nekrasov) 6. I got up early, bitter, (didn’t) eat at home, (didn’t) take it with me, plowed the arable land until nightfall, at night I riveted a scythe, in the morning I went to mow. (N. Nekrasov)

Modus operandi:
How?
how
Time:
When?
since when?
How long?

225. Write about how you complete your homework assignments. Use adverbs first, carefully, tentatively, correctly, then, secondly, orally. Write the questions they answer above the adverbs.

226. Write it down using missing commas. Underline the adverbs as parts of the sentence. Above the adverbs that indicate the place of action, write questions. Choose words with the same root for the highlighted word.

1. A small thundercloud quickly rushed over our heads straight to the clouds... which withered... grew every minute and covered... already half of the sky on the right side. The rain was already pouring down there; a dull, ominous noise and fresh humidity rushed from there. 2. Soon a cloud covered us. Serpentine, dazzling lightning flashed and instantly followed by separated deafening thunderclaps. 3. Suddenly a storm came.

(S. Aksakov)

Place:
Where? Where?
where?

227. Analyze the phrases. First, write down those in which adverbial adverbs indicate the time, reason, purpose of the action; then with attributive adverbs denoting the measure and degree of action; then the rest of the phrases. Above the adverbs write the questions they answer. Write a sentence with a phrase that can be used to describe a person's gait.

Be present sometimes, appear immediately, wake up by chance, warm up slowly, (not) make out when you are asleep, offend in the heat of the moment, stride wildly, try three times, get very excited, walk until dark, grow for a long time, settle down nearby, stop here , stumble blindly, break out of spite, train little, double the load, change slightly, let the disease go too far, completely recover, break on purpose, do a lot.

Cause:
Why?
Target:
For what?
Measure:
How many? for how long?
at what time?
in what degree?
to what extent?

228. Identify and write down phrases that contain adverbs. Above the adverbs write their semantic category - obst, or def. Write down the words with gaps and with brackets, indicating the conditions for choosing the inserted spellings.

1. The silence saturated with pine resin was everywhere (in front: to the left and to the right and behind him. 2. One day, somehow imperceptibly, for two hours in a row he collected the last mushrooms. 3. The grosbeak sat on the very the top of the head.. ate and sparkled very thinly, and very tenderly, and very sad(?) 4. There was a smell of something heavy(n, nn) ​​in the air, and (from) this a lively uneasiness arose everywhere 5. The sky was washed clean by all the rains, and through the strong dark tops it was damp and blue. 6. The blue rooks (not) screamed: they waddled calmly, preening themselves (not) in a hurry.

(S. Sergeev-Tsensky)

Among the adverbs there are demonstrative ones: here, there, here, there, then etc., unspecified: somewhere, somewhere, somewhere, somewhere etc., interrogative: where, where, when, why etc., negative: nowhere, nowhere, nowhere and etc.

229. Read the humorous poetic lines of S. Marshak. How many adverbs are there in them? Which ones would you classify as uncertain? What do they mean and how are they formed? What words does the poet use in this poem?

Someday and somewhere
Together with a friend
We sing a song in a low voice
Let's sing in two voices.
About the first number
Which once brought us to school.

230. Write it off. Underline the highlighted adverbs as parts of the sentence. Choose words that are close in meaning to them. Label the morphemes in which the letters are inserted.

1. Vorone somewhere God sent a piece...to the cheese. 2. The neighbor invited the neighbor to have a meal, but there was a different intention here: the owner loved music and invited the neighbor to listen to the singers. 3. I will stay here boldly. 4. It often happens (?) that we see both work and wisdom there, where you just have to guess (?) and just get down to business (?) 5. I sweated and sweated, but finally I got tired, fell behind the chest and couldn’t figure out how to open it. 6. Where did his prophetic gift go? 7. Once upon a time, in the old days, Leo and Leopard fought a long war.

(I. Krylov)

231. Which speech error admits the hero of V. Tokareva’s story? Write the text in corrected form.

Borka loves the word reverse: “my socks are torn again” or “you’re doing everything the other way around.”

232. Identify and indicate which adverbs are used to connect the sentences. Explain the spelling of the missing letters.

1. There is a green hill in a wild grove, near a ravine. There is always(?) but shade. (A. Blok) 2. You could see a village with a rickety bell tower. That's where the compass showed it was where we should go. 3. And the wind, and the rain, and the darkness over the cold desert of water. Here life died before spring, the gardens were empty before spring. (I. Bunin)

233. What is depicted in I. Popov’s painting “First Snow”? Write about it in a first-person story. Imagine that you saw through the window how everything around was transformed because the first snow fell.

Possible start:

When I woke up, I felt some kind of change: the room was especially light. He jumped up and immediately ran to the window. I was amazed that our street, sidewalks and pavements, roofs of houses - everything was already covered with the purest snow...

Classes of adverbs by meaning

Discharge	Questions	Examples
	How? how?
measures and degrees
	Where? Where? where?
	Why? from what?

Degrees of comparison of adverbs

Form Comparative degree	Simple (formed using suffixes)	Composite
Comparative	EE (HEY), E, ​​SHE	MORE/LESS + adv. in n. f.
Excellent	AYSHE, EYSHE (rarely used)

Classes of adverbs by meaning

Discharge	Questions	Examples
adverbs of image and manner of action	How? how?	good, bad, fast, slow, loud, quiet, excellent, brilliant, wonderful, ironic, hastily, intensely, closely, on horseback, in a line, lying down, wading, swimming, manually, aloud, bass, whisper, quietly, waddle, inside out, like summer, like morning, like a girl, like Russian, fun, ugly, sad, beautiful, melodious, slow, like that.
measures and degrees	to what extent? in what degree? how much? How many?	a lot, a little, approximately, almost, twice, three times, twice, five times, in two, three times, a little, very, completely, extremely, excessively, plenty, to the full; very, too, a lot, much, absolutely, completely, too, extremely, unusually, very, completely, so much, twice, barely, barely, barely, a little, several, a drop (colloquial), tiny (colloquial) )
	Where? Where? where?	where, here, there, everywhere, below, nowhere, in the distance, some where, where, there, here, left, down, somewhere, from, from afar, from within, from there, near, far, nearby, next to, in front, at home, forest, road, around, above, from afar, here, everywhere, nowhere from here
	When? how long? since when? How long?	when, before, now, first, tomorrow, everyday, daily, years, old, long ago, soon, first, then, yesterday, afternoon, night, morning, evening, winter, spring, long ago, soon, before, the day before, on time, always, sometimes, now, today, immediately, long ago, first, already
	For what? For what? for what purpose?	why, then, out of spite, on purpose, out of laughter, intentionally, for show, out of spite, borrowed, borrowed, in vain, in revenge, in ridicule, as a joke
	Why? from what?	rashly, involuntarily, half asleep, out of malice, because of, therefore, therefore, for a reason, blindly, willy-nilly, accidentally, casually, by chance, accidentally, by hearsay, foolishly, stupidly, half-awake, rashly

denotes the state of the environment/person, is a tale. in impersonal proposal

(warm, cold, painful, quiet, fun, early, funny, convenient, afraid, ashamed, ashamed, possible, necessary, time, time, hunting, reluctance, laziness, leisure, sin, pity, shame, beyond the power, unable to ).

Degrees of comparison of adverbs

Form Comparative degree	Simple (formed using suffixes)	Composite (formed using special words)
Comparative	EE (HEY), E, ​​SHE stronger, smarter, hotter, longer, better, worse	MORE/LESS + adv. in n. f. higher, less quickly, more unexpectedly
Excellent	AYSHE, EYSHE (rarely used) most humbly, most deeply, most humbly, most severely	1)MOST/LEAST + adv. in n.f. 2) adv. in simple compare + TOTAL/ALL most interesting, least fun, most beautiful, quietest, best

Adverb categories

An adverb is a developing part of speech. Linguists studying Old Russian language, they claim that adverbs were present in ancient Russian writings. Even then, their first groups and subgroups were outlined according to methods of formation and morphological meanings.

Adverbs in sentences often fulfill syntactic role circumstances. According to the lexical meaning, two groups are distinguished: adverbial and attributive categories of adverbs.

Determinative adverbs

These adverbs denote quantitative and qualitative characteristics of an action, state and other characteristics. The categories of adverbs are divided into three subgroups:

1. Quantitative adverbs. They indicate the degree of quality and the measure of action, answer the questions: to what extent? How many? (examples - little, doubly, a little, full, before dark, a lot, almost).
2. Qualitative adverbs. They are formed from qualitative adjectives, determine the quality of a characteristic or object, answer the question how? (examples – weak, modest, fast, dark, slow)
3. The image and degree of action. An adverb characterizes how actions are performed and answers the questions: how? How? (examples - to pieces, blindly, on the sly, by touch)

Adverbs of adverbs

The adverbial categories of adverbs describe target, temporal, causal and spatial relationships. Divided into 4 groups:

1. Adverbs of place. They point to the place of action and answer the questions: where? where? Where? (examples - right, left, above, here, everywhere, there, there).
2. Adverbs of time. They indicate the time of action, answer the questions: since when? How long? When? (examples - today, yesterday, constantly, sometimes, daily, summer, spring, so far).
3. Adverbs of purpose. They indicate the purpose of the action, that is, why this action is being performed, and answer the question: for what purpose? For what? (examples - for show, out of spite, by accident, by chance, deliberately, on purpose).
4. Adverbs of reason. The reason why actions occur is indicated and the question is answered: why? (examples - because, in the heat of the moment, out of malice, out of stupidity, for nothing, blindly).

Adverbs also relate to others independent parts speech - adjectives, nouns, verbs, pronouns, numerals and gerunds.

Adverbs are formed in several ways:

1. Merging prepositions with independent part speech with a simultaneous rethinking of the case form and turning it into several separate words.
2. Repetition of words with the addition of prepositional prefixes (for example, on-) to the form of an adverb (example - dry-dry). Repetition of the same word in different case forms (examples - white-white, black-black). They also use repetition of words with synonymous meanings (examples: tightly, tightly, kindly).
3. Transition from one part of speech to another. Thus, it is widespread to rethink the gerund through the loss of specific and temporal meanings (examples - lying, standing, reluctantly, immediately).
4. Formation of adverbs by adding suffixes to the base of the adjective and present participle (examples - melodiously, widely, threateningly, friendly). This method also applies to cardinal numbers (once, twice).
5. Suffix-prefix method. Adverbs are formed from pronouns and adjectives using two suffixes -mu- and -mu-. The prefix in- is also added (examples: in the old way, in the spring way, in the new way, in the good way, in English).
6. Adverbs can also be formed from set expressions, which are used in the form of circumstances (examples - just a stone's throw away, carelessly, upside down, bright and early, in a hurry).

This – the main ways of forming adverbs.

Spelling adverbs

One of the most difficult sections is the spelling rules that govern the various categories of adverbs. However, the spelling of most of them just needs to be memorized.

Adverbs perform one of the important functions of speech: they complement grammatical basis and clarify spoken or written phrases.

Linguists include the morphological features of this part of speech as the invariability of adverbs, that is, the absence of several forms of changes in numbers and cases and the presence of some word-forming suffixes.

Adverb.

Exercise 1 . Find an adverb. Determine what parts of speech the remaining highlighted words are.

1. 1. « Good welcome, my son! - he said with a smile to Ruslan. - Already I've been here for twenty years one in the darkness of the old life I wither; but finally I waited for the day for a long time what I foresaw." 2. Along the banks of the Dnieper happy ones fly in the swirling dust; are already hiding in the distance ; there are no riders it is seen more 3. It already happened late And dark; angrily The rain beat against the window, and the wind blew, howling sadly. (From the work of A. Pushkin.) ,

II. 1. Since early morning All the sky was covered with rain clouds; was quiet , not hot and boring , as happens on gray cloudy days, when over the field for a long time the clouds are already hanging, you're waiting for the rain, but that's all No . (A. Chekhov.) 2. No deeper , No sweeter the peace that the forest sends us, motionless, standing fearlessly under cold winter skies. (N. Nekrasov.) 3. B rooms was stuffy , and dust swirled in the streets and hats were torn off. All day I was thirsty, and Gurov often went into the pavilion. (A. Chekhov .) 4. I'm already over fifty for a long time passed, and with a stronger voice and everyone clearer I... (S. Mikhalkov.) 5. If with out of employment will become sad myself myself confident and quickly appoints - either to the military, or to justice, or somehow still a minister. (V. Mayakovsky.)

Exercise 2. Find the word on which the highlighted adverb depends and indicate the meaning of the adverb (1. Denotes a sign of an action; 2. Denotes a sign of an object; 3. Denotes a sign of a feature called an adjective or participle; lV. Sign of a sign called an adverb or gerund)

1. 1. And old Bulba little by little got excited. 2. All three riders rode silently . 3. One poor mother did not sleep. She leaned to the head of her dear sons, who were lying rya house . 4. She combed their young ones with a comb, carelessly disheveled curls and wet them with tears... 5. And the tears stopped in the wrinkles that changed her once upon a time beautiful face. 6. Ostap was considered Always one of the best comrades. 7. Moreover, there was nothing scary in his features: he was Very good-looking. 8. Old Taras was thinking about the past: his youth passed before him, his summers, his past years, about which almost The Cossack always cries. 9. Once... a driver with a strange mustache sitting on a box gave him a rather whipping properly whip 10. Soon the entire Polish southwest became a prey to fear. 11. Everything rose and ran away in this discordant amazing carefree age. (From the work of N. Gogol.)

II. 1. Two old birch trees near the house of Alexander Fedorovich, a bird cherry tree near the Nikolai-Petrovs, willows in front of each house, dense linden trees growing in a ring around the church - can you really imagine that some day was no other way that the village looked different, but it was, but it looked different. (V. Soloukhin.) 2. Of course you can again plunge into the fabulous and melodious sea of ​​your native language... (I. Stadnyuk.) 3. Arrival home the holidays turned into a holiday. (A. Koptyaeva.) 4. Father loved potatoes peasant style . (A. Perventsev.)

Exercise 3. Expand the brackets by selecting correct writing; determine which part of speech the highlighted word forms belong to: 1) to an adverb; 2) to a noun. Indicate syncretic phenomena.

1. Later in autumn sometimes it’s just like early in the spring: there is white snow, there is white earth. Only in the spring the thawed patches smell of earth, and in autumn- snow. This certainly happens: we get used to the snow in winter, and in spring the earth smells to us, and in summer let's sniff the ground, and later in autumn it smells like snow to us (Prishv.). 2. At dinner he [Petr Sergeich] ate a lot, said nonsense and assured that when in winter eat fresh cucumbers, your mouth smells in the spring(Ch.). 3. [Prishvin] was very angry with me for writing the book" Meshcherskaya side"and thereby attracted the close and destructive (unfortunately) attention of people to the Meshchersky forests with its inevitable grave consequences - crowds of tourists trampling In the end) these once fresh places. (Paust.). 4. In (secret) women envied Nastya - and her braids, heavy, light brown, with a fashionable tint, and large eyes, and especially long black eyelashes (Paust.). 5. Harry held the device in (secret)(A.N.T.). 6. Since then, the feeling of life has become dulled, and much of what once attracted and inspired, frightened and tormented, excited and pleased, now seemed insignificant and uninteresting, and sometimes and completely insignificant and pathetic (K.V.). 7. One day, in the dark sometimes, over rocks, along a steep bank. Our knight rode over the river (P.). 8. (At first I was looking for activity in my youth, a full life; the noise of everyday life beckoned me (Hertz.). 9. (At first in Moscow she [Mavra Ilyinichna] was carried in her arms and was considered a special recommendation for social significance to go to the countess; but little by little her bilious tongue and unbearable arrogance weaned almost everyone away from her house (Hertz.).

Exercise 4. Determine what part of speech the highlighted word forms are: 1) adverb; 2) short adjective.

1. He only loves the sun boldly who has a sense of life forever who's speaking cunning does not double, whose thought is clear, whose directly a word whose spirit is free and open (Ax.). 2. Pisarev had an irritable but concentrated character; his outward expression was quiet, calm And Cold even when he was choking from internal excitement (Ax.). 3. Levinson shuddered and straightened up, and something hurt And sweet rang in him (A.F.). 4. Thunder struck and, drowning out the human noise, solemnly,regal rolled in the air (Gonch.). 5. Most of all I was afraid of becoming infected with a stale and helpless tongue. He ruthlessly And fast spread in those years. The fact that I'm almost unconsciously pushed away from myself and forgot the deformities of the language, obviously, and helped me later become a writer (Paust.). 6. I don’t know if she [Tanya] had an influence on me Fine in all senses. Despite her many true and wonderful virtues, Melenkov’s cousin was not freed from strained “sentimentality”... (Hertz.). 7. Glinsky gratefully nodded his head and silently walked towards the opposite colonnade (Iv. S.). 8. He, Vladimir Svyatoslavovich Glinsky, is a lawyer by training, not only Fine knows the laws, but also knows how to skillfully invent them the way he needs them (Iv. S.). 9. The evening reaps the fruits of the morning's foolishness. This is not the first time I’ve thought about this, bitterly Major Rukatov (Iv. S.) is annoyed with himself.

Exercise 5 Indicate which part of speech the adverb is adjacent to

1. It's in French absolutely could express himself and wrote; He danced the mazurka easily and bowed at ease. (A. Pushkin.) 2. The prince stood up, hastily took off his cloak and remained in a fairly decent and deftly a tailored, albeit shabby, suit. (F. Dostoevsky.) 3.For a long time nurtured a terrible intention secretly an evil old man in his soul. (A. Pushkin.) 4. These know-it-all gentlemen sometimes meet, even enough often, in a well-known social stratum. (F. Dostoevsky.) 5. After a walk on horseback tea, jam, crackers and butter seemed very tasty. (A. Chekhov.) 6. Terrible think silently full, he wandered. (A. Pushkin.) 7. Strong Always the powerless is to blame. (I. Krylov.) 8. This work, Vanya, was scary huge - too big for one person. (N. Nekrasov.) 9. And the little chest Just opened. (I. Krylov.) 10. But one day some kind of beetle flew into the world. He flew up too much close to the fire and, of course, burned his wings. (F. Krivin.) 11. Riding step bored her. (M. Gorky.) 12. Lermontov stands in place with his side to Martynov, covering this side with his hand with a raised but directed up with a pistol. (S. Sergeev-Tsensky.) 13. Here now , when the danger for the patient has passed, for real hands trembled. (V. Polevoy.) 14.Never I have never seen a stove maker who would work like that slowly and thoughtfully . (V. Soloukhin.)

Exercise 6 . Determine the syntactic function of the highlighted words (1. Circumstance; 2. Definition; 3. Part of the predicate; 4. Subject).

1. A rich tax farmer lived in a luxurious mansion and ate sweet, tasty drank. (I. Krylov.) 2. With Kochubey the fearless Iskra at the same time . (A. Pushkin.) 3. And storms he doesn't care . (M. Lermontov.) 4. The city will be founded here out of spite arrogant neighbor. (A. Pushkin.) 5. Wake up: smash the vices boldly . (N. Nekrasov.) 6. In steel, a little bulging fun and cunning madness played in his eyes. (K. Fedin.) 7. Good godfather Always clashes with godfather. (D. Poor.) 8. The race leaves, the race comes, but the earth remains forever , and the traces of humanity remain on it forever. (G. Nikolaeva.) 9. Nothing can ever separate us, separate us forever, to life apart accustom. (N. Brown.) 10. Build again, in our own way, like a man , like no one had ever built a rich, well-fed state - it was tempting. (E. Permitin.) 11. Here it is, one of those from which our present one grew Already . (A. Levina.) 12. But it was empty on the crippled steamer, only the guns were clicking lazier and lazier on the sides, and from somewhere below smelled of smoke. (G. Nikolaeva.) 13. The ship was slowly sinking, the holds already were flooded with water. (G. Nikolaeva.) 14. Make way, Butyrsky shaft! Look how he walks: the guy has a heroic step, proud eyebrows taking off . (V. Livshits.) 15. And laughter is for people for future use . (A. Tvardovsky.)

Exercise 7 . Determine the category of the highlighted adverbs by meaning (1. Qualitative (image and method of action); 2. Quantitative (measures and degrees); 3. Comparative-like (an image or method of action is characterized by comparison or likening)).

1. 1. It was a month high And It's clear illuminated the surroundings. (N. Turgenev.) 2.Motley a patterned scarf blossomed in the fields of dawn. (V. Kharitonov.) 3. Nature didn’t offend me with her hearing, I can like a nightingale whistle (V. Bokov.) 4. And childish Blink suddenly extended his palm. (A. Tvardovsky.) 5. The prince is there in passing captivates the formidable king. (A. Pushkin.) 6. Teacher Elkina reveals the alphabet. Repeats slowly, repeats kindly . (E. Yevtushenko.) 7. Aglaya slightly shook the prince’s hand and left... (F. Dostoevsky.) 8. Dolgov’s short neck was pulled into his shoulders and arms no-boxer slightly bent at the elbows. (N. Gorbachev.) 9. The state farm agronomist treated us first not at all no more cordial than an accountant: no, that’s all. (V. Soloukhin.) 10. Lieutenant excitedly And fast he said something vigorously gesticulated. (G. Nikolaeva.) 11. The son cannot look calmly on the mother's grief. (N. Nekrasov.) 12. I will remain this way - in love with the word, aurally And to the touch to those who take it. (N. Brown.).

P. 1. I want to make you shine again the most majestic word is party. (V. Mayakovsky.) 2. In the name of the party, we move mountains, drawing our strength from it, and stake had to meet enemies, we to death stood in battle. (M. Isakovsky.) 3. Happiness in working hands boldly take it, man. (V. Kharitonov.) 4. And I have an order: here too in our own way, in a communist way serve. (N. Gorbache8.) 5. Petrograd lived in these January days tense, excited, angry, furious . (A. Tolstoy.)

6. Like a rocket hit the spot. (N. Gorbachev)

Exercise 8 . Find adverbs in the sentences, distribute them into semantic categories: 1. Definitive: 1) qualitative; 2) quantitative; 3) image and method of action; 4) comparative and likening; 5) adverbs of compatibility; P. Circumstantial: 1) places; 2) time, 3) reasons; 4) goals.

1. The white, almost transparent petals of the snowdrop, crumpled after winter sleep, straightened out in the sun and trembled (Paust.). 2. On the branches of the vine, fluffy buds - “lambs” (Paust.) - sat closely together, like tiny sparrows with yellow breasts. 3. My fascination with the geography of Russia was in flux: then I voraciously read everything I could get my hands on about Belarus, then about the Trans-Caspian steppes, and at one time I became fascinated by the North, reading Maximov’s strict and leisurely book “A Year in the North” and descriptions of northern monasteries (Paust .). 4. The wave either lifted him [Levin] up or threw him down with such speed and force that it was breathtaking, but now he did not feel fear, because, firstly, he was busy with his survival suit, and secondly, he completely trusted the crew on the boat, which was with him all the time, above him, so close to him that he did not worry, and so far away as not to hit him with either the side or the oar (Yu.G.). 5. The first day of the war took the Sintsovs by surprise, like millions of other families (Sim.). 6. Shalentyev, blinded by the snowstorm, chose a comfortable position, raised his collar and, pulling his hat down deeper, began to feel his way down the snow-filled steps; Soon he managed to move a little away from home... (Ex.). 7. The next day, Shalentyev again tried to persuade his father-in-law to go to Moscow, and he, starting to get seriously angry, now flatly refused (Pr.). 8. The forester again invited the guest into the house, but he, quite like an old man, wanted to sit on a bench... under the old, royal oak tree (Ex.). 9. All around stretched a flat, slightly rising small plateau towards the nearby sea, completely dotted with intricately weathered rocks, half destroyed (Prov.). 10. In the distance, at the end of the alley, penetrating the park, the first streaks of sunlight burned like streams of rose syrup (Dud.). 11. Above, the dew has fallen from the bushes and below under the bushes it shines only in the bosom of such a leaf, where it never dries out (Prishv.). 12. I knew exactly where the nest was, and I was very surprised how close the birds allowed me (Prishv.). 13. They are playing Grieg behind the wall, And from the spiritual pity that I have known you for so long, I repeat myself very often (Black). 14. I covered my eyes with my palm every minute from the bright tornado, But I was doused with water and the thunderstorm whipped me with a backhand (Black). 15. A bullet will pierce my chest. I’ll fall, arms outstretched, into a hot, fragrant mow of July and spicy grass (Black). 16. Dank rain brought cold damp clouds from afar, And for the third day there was fog in the window... (Black. ). 17. I would like to remind the ignorant, not out of anger, of a very ancient opinion that if the head is empty, then the head of the mind will not be given a place (Kr.). 18. Bobrov wandered aimlessly between the empty factory buildings and, as sometimes happens during particularly strong mental shocks, talked to himself out loud (Kupr.). 19. The driver of the truck brotherly shared some crackers with Sintsov and pulled out a bottle of warm, sweet lemon juice from under the seat (Sim.). 20. Maslennikov nodded to the two soldiers waiting for him, the three of them came out from behind the cover (Sim.). 21. The enemy was probably four times stronger, if we count the accumulation of his reserves, barely visible through binoculars (A.N.T.). 22. The soldiers jumped over the palisade and, in the heat of the moment, without fear of fire from the walls, captured many Narva residents (A.N.T.). 23. A downpour poured down and caught the old woman on her way home, blindly she fell into a puddle (M.G). 24. They led an elephant through the streets. Apparently, for show (Kr.). 25. Left two wide open doors. In one of them you can see a telegraph machine and a lamp with a green cap, in the other - a small room, half occupied by a dark closet (Ch.). 26. Asking your own quick questions, he [Shmakov] funny, like a bird, put his white head on his left shoulder and through his glasses looked at Sintsov with attentive goodwill (Sim.). 27. For a moment, joy flared up in Ryabovich’s chest, but he immediately extinguished it, went to bed and, in spite of his fate, as if wanting to annoy her, did not go to the general (Ch.). 28. Anna threw off her dress and slid into the green water, kicked her legs, swimming like a dog (O.K.). 29. A policeman and two belted civilians with rifles were on duty at a grocery store with one window cracked in half and the other completely knocked out (Sim.). 30. Face young man It was, however, pleasant, thin and dry, but colorless, and now it’s even blue-chilled (Dast.). 31. Dick walked [Alenka] out the gate, looked after him carefully and for a long time, then returned to his canopy (Ex.). 32. Misha continued his journey on the motorcycle, already accurately navigating with the help topographic map on the ground (Iv. S .). 33. It seemed to Misha that life around him had suddenly ended, plunging him into disgusting silence (Iv. S .).

Exercise 9 . Distinguish between qualitative and quantitative adverbs. Determine which of them can take the form of a comparative degree.

1. Insarov... the facial expression remained the same, but his features cruel changed (T.). 2. Now it suddenly became obvious to him that he had acted cruel that Anochka will certainly reproach him for insensitivity (Fed.). 3. There was heaven absolutely clear, no clouds were floating from anywhere, a slight breeze did not bother us at all (Ars.). 4. He's in French absolutely could express himself and wrote, danced the mazurka easily and bowed at ease (P.). 5. Nekhlyudov, with the passion of his nature, completely surrendered to this new life, approved by everyone around him and absolutely drowned out the voice within me that demanded something else (L.T.). 6. The boy sniffled in embarrassment and disbelief, but realized that there was nothing terrible, but everything, on the contrary, was turning out terrible cheerfully, he wrinkled his nose so that his nose turned up, and began to burst into mischief and thinness (A.F.). 7. - After all, he seems to be a rich man?.. - Yes, rich, although he dresses terrible and rides a racing droshky like a clerk (T.). 8. Unbearable I want to turn a dream into action, a dream into reality (Kupr.). 9. I can’t resist saying a few words about this eccentric; I am terribly interested in the biographies of all the people I meet (Hertz.). 10. It was floating in the air, and the day promised to be unbearable hot (Cupr.). 11. He was Amazing good-looking, with beautiful dark eyes, dark blond, thin and slender (Dost.). 12. The creators of the park, searching for clues to the local nature, found all the local springs and Amazing they were used (V.Ch.). 13. The moon has risen strongly crimson and gloomy, the stars also frowned (Ch.). 14. The story of a young official strongly touched me (P.). 15. Steppe places, as they should really be called, are wonderful good in the spring for their luxurious, fresh vegetation (Ax.). 16. In the gardens in front of the houses there were white and wonderful the flowers smelled (A.N.T.). 17. The Genevan was a man Great educated, knew Latin well, was a good botanist. (Hertz.). 18. Sovremennik was given censor Krylov - a man scary cowardly, who was simply a martyr when Nekrasov begged him to omit the passages he had crossed out in the article, as a result of which nonsense came out (Pan.).

Exercise 10. Establish a group of highlighted adverbial adverbs (1. Places; 2. Time; 3. Reasons; 4. Purposes).

1. 1. Moscow waited in vain for guests all the time ... 2. Souls with deep sadness strive boldly into the distance does not interfere with the leader of Ukraine. 3. Then Peter's sonorous voice was inspired from above... 4. To oh-where Cossacks are prancing. 5. And where is Mazepa? Where is the villain? Where Did Judas flee in fear? 6. For what Is the king not among the guests? Why is the traitor not on the chopping block? 7. That's why at the cheerful hour the royal thicket is full and the Neva is far shaken by heavy gunfire. 8. A there Even people nest in the mountains. 9. For what does the blackamoor love Desdemona as the moon loves the darkness of the night? 10. Then , that there is no law to the wind and the eagle and the heart of a maiden. eleven. For what , As a Tula assessor, am I not lying in paralysis? 12. For what I don't feel it in my shoulder though rheumatism? 13. An old demon came out of the sea: « For what Are you, Balda, intruding on us?” 14. His forehead in advance crackles. (From the production. A. Pushkin.)

2. 1. I am both a kind worker and a hunter of singing and dancing. from a young age was. (N. Nekrasov.) 2.All around honey dew slides into silver... (S. Yesenin.) 3. After all, everyone stumbled in the heat of the moment, walking towards the light, through the windbreaks. (A. Petrovichev.) 4. Us from native land in the distance Always melancholy takes over. (V. Kharitonov.) 5.One the familiar feeling of heaviness. (G. Nikolaeva.) 6. For some reason, these apples were the most delicious to eat. in a bite with black bread. (V. Soloukhin.) 7. You probably don’t have enough reason to understand - and even a fool will understand! - that the one who is dearest to everyone is the one who expensive pays. (D. Poor.) 8. Connoisseurs have arrived. The elephant opened the picture. Who stood up further, who came up closer .(S. Mikhalkov.) 9. Friends, there is no need to be timid! Let's glorify our flock and louder nine sisters, let's raise the music and form our own choir! (N. Krylov.)

Exercise 11 . Establish from which part of speech the highlighted adverbs are formed (1. From the name of a noun; 2. from the name of an adjective; 3. from a pronoun; 4. from verb forms; 5. from an adverb; 6. from a numeral name).

1. 1. One day In the cold winter season I came out of the forest; it was severely frosty. 2. It’s bittersweet to return home without mother: dear kids rhyme roared. 3. In our swampy, low-lying region five times There would be more game if they didn’t catch it with nets, if they didn’t crush it with snares. 4. Nine of us We’ve been digging, we’ve worked until midday, we want to have breakfast. (From the production.. N. Nekrasova.)

2. 1. Yesterday and day before yesterday the sun was still showing. (V. Ovechkin.) 2. Masha should have forever leave the parental home. (A. Pushkin.) 3. Startsev stopped restless heart beat. (A. Chekhov.) 4. Going right - the song starts, left - tells a fairy tale. (A. Pushkin.) 5. Grandmother, very old, still plump and ugly, she wrapped her arms around Nadya and cried for a long time, pressing her face to her shoulder, and could not tear herself away. (A. Chekhov.) 6. Stepan silently looked at his wife. (M. Gorky.) 7. Yes, there are words that burn like flames, that drill into the distance and down to the bottom, their replacement with words can be tantamount to treason. (A. Tvardovsky.) 8.When the work in hand is difficult, Then and breathe easily. (V. Kharitonov.) 9.Here the factory multitude flows, here it is tempered in Lenin’s forge. (V. Mayakovsky.) 10. Which here temporary? Get off! Your time is up. (V. Mayakovsky.)

Exercise 12 . Select a row in which all adverbs are formed from nouns. Determine the ways of forming adverbs in other series.

1. From the outside, from time immemorial, at first, in vain, from afar, incessantly, confidently, ardently, completely, like a shepherd.

2. By heart, in spring, in summer, imperiously, brotherly, once, again, mixed up, with your own eyes, on the alert, waddle, confidently.

3. Up, up, skipping, in winter, completely, on time, furtively, running, early in the morning, without restraint, involuntarily, in a hurry.

4. In pursuit, in the dark, contrary, obliquely, stealthily, ford, sideways, gallop, secretly, entirely, sideways, confidently, openly, somewhere.

Exercise 13 . Select a row in which all adverbs are formed only from adjectives. Determine the ways of forming adverbs in other series.

1. Little by little, in vain, briefly, some, for a reason, slightly, blindly, measuredly, four of us, somewhere, ahead.

2. For a long time, a little, a lot, more than once, not once, up, in the distance, today, in the heat of the moment, in Mayakov style, alive.

3. From a young age, drunk, dark, forever, in our way, in a friendly way, in a wolf way, soon, here, there, here.

4. Suddenly, masterfully, monthly, blindly, as before, kindly, forever, idle, recklessly, haughtily, impetuously.

Exercise 14. Determine in which series of words all adverbs are formed from verbs or verb forms.

1. In advance, reluctantly, lying, swarming, subsequently, now, at the same time.

2. Walking, playfully, sneaking, deliberately, oppressively, arrogantly.

3. Almost, slightly, invigorating, stunning, not in vain, regretful.

4. Captivating, amazing, wary, confident, windy, scared, skillful, roaring.

Exercise 15. Find out in which series of words all adverbs are formed from numerals. Indicate from which parts of speech the adverbs in other rows are formed.

1. Double, half, quadruple, completely, first, five, third.

2. Once, for the first time, together, alone, eight, secondly.

3. Twice, five, two, three, at once, first, only.

4. Three times, twice, four times, in two, three times, secondary, little by little, at exorbitant prices.

Exercise 16. Determine in which row all adverbs are formed from adverbs. Indicate from which parts of speech the adverbs in other rows are formed.

1. Therefore, so-so, in reality, ford, not at all.

2. Therefore, a lot, someday, somewhere, to the full, to the ground.

3. Forever, the day after tomorrow, until now, the day before yesterday, somehow.

4. Barely, in my own way, from time to time, from time to time, a lot.

Exercise 17. Determine the ways of formation of the highlighted adverbs. (1. Separation of one of the forms from noun words and its transition into adverbs; 2. Severance and rethinking of individual verbal forms; 3. Merger of significant words; 4. Merger of prepositions with significant words; 5. Formation using affixes). Perform a complete morphological analysis of each adverb.

I. 1. I'll get down to business casually . I'll count every nerve. (M. Borisova.) 2. There is something for us - it’s worth taking a closer look into the distance . (V. Kharitonov.) 3. Ruslan was languishing silently , and having lost both meaning and memory. (A. Pushkin.) 4. Buchinsky lived in the mines happily u, he ate four times a day, and in good weather he liked to wander around the mine. (D. Mamin-Sibiryak.) 5. And during the day, And at night The scientist cat keeps walking around the chain. (A. Pushkin.)

2. 1. At the end of January our regimentfirst stepped onto enemy soil. (R. Aronova.) 2. There is weak, pathetic patience. In it the complete downtroddenness of nature, in it slavish obedience, the stupidity of Russia is the essence at all not like that. (V. Vvtushenko.) 3. Today, he says, it’s too early to get up. A day after tomorrow - late! (V. Mayakovsky.) 4. Better power good leave... (V. Mayakovsky.) 5. And as they fell together, so together non-party guys with commissars are lying in a row. (V. Yevtushenko.) 6. And, holding the stubborn reins of all the elements in his hand, Lenin sees the years of fertility, sees our years in the distance . (N. Brown.) 7. Do everything to help people for real felt cared for. (IN. Azhaev.) 8.Today We are not at the parade, we are on the way to communism. (V. Kharitonov.) 9. We will conquer the planet of Dreams, in reality see everything you dream about. (V. Kharitonov.)

Exercise 18. Find forms of degrees of comparison of adverbs and characterize them.

1. I just looked at the eggs, and the birds, afraid of the human eye, hastened to hide them away (Prishv.). 2. I know one tree in the forest: for how many years it has been fighting for its life, trying to grow higher, to escape from the hands of those who break it (Prishv.). 3. The richest of people are not those who received a lot, but those who gave themselves to people more generously than anyone else (Leon.). 4. During the prolonged evening feast... The Sergunovs discussed their duties in detail (Yu.N.). 5. The sun, thorns, nuts, honey The shadow of every tree smells. Nature triumphs, shines - The day has been blissful for longer than a century (Black). 6. Jealousy is a passion that specifically, greedily seeks what hurts the most (Dud.). 7. The path winds patternedly around the trees and then falls to the left to the ravine, and then rises higher, to the right, to the top of a gentle slope overgrown with birch and aspen groves (O.K.). 8. There are eight bulls in the carriage, some of them turn around, look at people and wave their tails, others try to lie down or sit more comfortably (Ch.). 9. In the city, we felt more strongly the wall that was between us: I am noble and rich, and he is poor, he is not even a nobleman... (Ch.). 10. The frost knocked on the window even more angrily, and the wind sang about something in the chimney (Ch.). 11. It seemed to him [Sintsov] that if he had not made this decision earlier and had not told Serpilin about it, he would now have chickened out and left (Sim.). 12. Due to a lack of artillery and shells, fewer tanks were burned than in previous days, but still nine of them were burned in different places (Sim.). 13. Looking forward to the start, Sintsov stood not far from the banner and talked with the person whom he least expected to meet here (Sim.). 14. Usually, of all the notches in Avtonomov’s character, the most difficult for Grekov was to put up with his merciless sentences to people (Kal.). 15. The count loved me and sincerely insisted on becoming my friend, but I did not have anything resembling friendship for him and did not even love him; It would therefore be more honest to renounce his friendship directly, once and for all, than to go to him and be a hypocrite (Ch.). 16.[Sergey Vasilievich] told very funny stories from folk life, he laughed loudest of all, the wicker country furniture moved under him and seemed like straw (V.Ch.).

Exercise 19. Distinguish between the comparative forms of adjectives and adverbs.

1. I have heard enough writers talk (generally fair) about the fact that the more difficult a book is to write, the more thoughtful and strong it is (Paust.). 2. After Meshchera, I began to write differently - simpler, more restrained, began to avoid flashy things and understood the power and poetry of the most unassuming souls and the most seemingly inconspicuous things - for example, the breeze carrying the smell of smoke over the pasture and shaking the red plumes of dry horse sorrel (Paust.). 3. The fields are emptying, and as this happens, the days get shorter and people go to bed earlier in the village, but the stars in the sky are brighter (Prishv.). 4. And in cruel loneliness, her passion burns stronger, And her heart speaks louder about distant Onegin (P.). 5. Rudeness and insults always hurt us deeper than we would like (K.V.). 6. Anna Sergeevna also came in. She sat down in the third row, and when Gurov looked at her, his heart sank, and he clearly understood that for him now in the whole wide world there was no one closer, dearer and more important than a person(Ch.). 7. Nadezhda, without undressing, sat down on a chair and threw back her head. Her face was a little pale, and therefore her smoothly combed hair seemed even darker (B.Sh.). 8. The dawn expanded, covering the sky above the forest, now in a different way, sweeping and more generous, gilding the infrequent islands of oaks and maples on top (Prov.). 9. There is nothing more dismal than the sight of drying up dirty rivers, clearings, burnt areas, all these wastelands brought to life by the ignorance, carelessness and greed of man... (Paust.). 10. Without saying anything, Petya looked at the sky every time, at the peaks of the mountains protruding from the darkness, with each new minute crashing sharper and closer into the brightening sky and uncontrollably attracting them to themselves... (Ex.). 11. But, like wine, sadness days gone by In my soul, the older I am, the stronger (P.). 12. I think that everything happened because we had not yet gotten to know each other well and looked at many very important things easily, at least much easier than we should have (G.). 13. A writer may need to temporarily distance himself from an object he saw close up in order to better embrace it (G.). 14. Zinochka’s face seemed stern, colder, as if more marbled, and her eyes looked strangely, straight into my face, and I give you my word of honor that even among hounds, when they drive out a wolf, I have never seen such striking, destroying eyes ( Ch.). 15. But God helped - the murmur became lower, And soon, by the force of things, We found ourselves in Paris, and the Russian Tsar was the head of the Tsars (P.).

Exercise 20. Determine the function of which adverbs (or pronouns-adverbs) the highlighted phraseological units serve.

1. Sintsov, on Serpilin’s instructions, just today asked Khoryshev about Baranov, and Khoryshev answered him displeasedly that Baranov was fighting neither shaky nor shaky(Sim.). 2..Bayukov began to twist in sequence pockets and sprinkle crumbs into the palm of the shag stuck in the seams (Sim.). Z. Sintsov wrote from dictation, and Karaulov, standing behind him like a Cossack, occasionally screwed up various expressions at the Germans (Sim.). 4. A student at a medical school in one of the cities Central Asia Mikhailova first time, just like everyone else, was overcome by memories (Paust.). 5. “It’s stupid that the ship was late and arrived at night,” thought Kuzmin. “Why did Bashilov, his neighbor in the ward, when he learned that Kuzmin would be passing by Navolok, asked him to give the letter to his wife without fail?” from hand to hand"(Paust.). 6. Having placed his suitcase and overcoat next to the driver and settled down in the back seat,... Zvyagintsev every now and then turned his head, trying to make out the streets along which they were passing (Chuck.). 7. Valitsky did not know that his letters... were not handed over to the marshal at all, day and night busy with urgent matters (Chuck). -8. Occasionally Patrolmen who had taken refuge for a while ran out of the entrances of houses with the intention of blocking the path of the Emka rushing through the center of the pavement (Chak.). 9. Syromukov got along with himself on the fact that Sooner or later, but it will still rain here (KV.). 10. Lominadze feels like a fish in water in the foundry yard of the blast furnace, on the podium, at the presidium table, at the chessboard in the ITR club (Avd.). 11. Here, in the thick black darkness here and there glimpses of moonlight appeared as sharp spots (Ch.). 12. Having sketched out a plan of the area and asked the coachmen who were taken with us about the situation in which Olga was found, we drove back, feeling slurping not salty(Ch.). 13. The good thing about fishing is that it leaves us Tet-a-tet with nature, at any time of the day, at any time of the year and in any weather (Paust.). 14. Maltsev did not immediately get used to the front-line situation; death did not frighten him, but he was afraid that he would not be able to properly to fight, he will not find words capable of lifting up the fighters: he was a bookish and uncommunicative man (I.E.). 15. Alexei Abramovich’s marriage life began to flow like clockwork, at all the carriage parties, his quadruplets and the brilliant carriage and the couple bursting with happiness in this carriage appeared (Hertz.). 16. During these five years Lyubonka began to feel and understand things about which good people often don't realize to the grave... (Hertz.). 17. I wish I could give up all this, take her (Alenka) and leave wherever your eyes look, to the bank of some bright, quiet river... (Ex.). 18. Sokoltsev saw that Pekarev was exhausted until the last, but at the same time, by vague signs, he felt that Pekarev was stone calm, this to some extent calmed Sokoltsev (Pr.).

Exercise 21. Analyze the facts of substantive use of adverbs. What's it like lexical meaning of these word forms, syntactic function?

1. ... After all, it is known that nothing is easier than seeing objects from afar the way we want to see them; because you, in this beautiful distance, live completely alien to it, in yourself, within yourself, or in the monotony of a circle, equally tuned in with you and powerless to resist your influence on it (VG. Belinsky to N.V. Gogol). 2. Perhaps the essence of life is insidious, But the eternal path will not be closed by you, - Let tomorrow be worse than yesterday, There is no need for loud and unnecessary speech, only a stupid game will make you laugh, Your path is planned long before you (Ex.). 3. - Here, Evstigneev, we have finished loading the archive. And you said we won’t finish it until tomorrow! - [Yelkin] shouted cheerfully, running past the policeman and not paying attention to Sintsov (Sim.). 4. And then suddenly, from a vague distance, something like a pain point will appear in the chest, which hurts and annoys until something today unnoticeably heals it (V.Ch.).

What are the categories of adverbs?

Anna yayyyy

1) image and method of action
2) measures of degree
3) places
4) time
5)reasons
6)goals
Here! We wrote this in the reference book at school! I can write more examples, do you need them? If you have any questions about Russian, write!

Astar_ta

and also very complete information on this topic - http://www.durov.com/study/1117363463-134.html

Anna Grishko

According to their meaning, adverbs can be attributive and adverbial.
Determinative adverbs can refer not only to a verb, but also to an adverb, a noun, a word of the state category, characterizing them with different sides. Among the attributive adverbs the following stand out: 1) qualitative adverbs indicating qualitative sign; 2) adverbs of measure and degree; 3) adverbs of image or method of action.
Groups of qualifying adverbs and expressed meanings Examples
1. Qualitative adverbs express a characteristic or assessment of an action or attribute. Sad, strange, monstrous, scary, fast, right.
2. Quantitative adverbs determine the measure or degree of manifestation of an action or attribute. A lot, a little, a little, doubly, triple, three times, six times, very, very, completely, absolutely.
3. Adverbs of image and method of action indicate the method of performing the action. Run, gallop, walk, swim, shuffle, idle, supine, for sure.
Adverbial adverbs most often refer to the verb and characterize the time, place, purpose, and reason for the action. The composition of adverbial adverbs includes: 1) adverbs of place, 2) adverbs of time, 3) adverbs of reason, 4) adverbs of purpose.
Groups of adverbial adverbs and expressed meanings Examples
1. Adverbs of place indicate the place where an action takes place. Far, close, back, from a distance, towards, from the side.
2. Adverbs of time indicate the time of action. Yesterday, today, tomorrow, during the day, at night, in the morning, in the spring, sometimes, now.
3. Adverbs of reason indicate the reason for an action. In the heat of the moment, foolishly, drunk, blindly, involuntarily, not without reason.
4. Adverbs of purpose indicate the purpose of performing an action. Specifically, on purpose, out of spite, in defiance, as a joke, intentionally.
IN quantitatively the language is dominated by attributive adverbs. Then come the adverbs of place and time. The composition of the adverbs of cause and especially of purpose is very small.

Antonina Makhankova

According to their meaning, adverbs can be attributive and adverbial.
Determinative adverbs can refer not only to a verb, but also to an adverb, a noun, or a word of a state category, characterizing them from different sides. Among the attributive adverbs, the following stand out: 1) qualitative adverbs, indicating a qualitative attribute; 2) adverbs of measure and degree; 3) adverbs of image or method of action.
Groups of qualifying adverbs and expressed meanings Examples
1. Qualitative adverbs express a characteristic or assessment of an action or attribute. Sad, strange, monstrous, scary, fast, right.
2. Quantitative adverbs determine the measure or degree of manifestation of an action or attribute. A lot, a little, a little, doubly, triple, three times, six times, very, very, completely, absolutely.
3. Adverbs of image and method of action indicate the method of performing the action. Run, gallop, walk, swim, shuffle, idle, supine, for sure.
Adverbial adverbs most often refer to the verb and characterize the time, place, purpose, and reason for the action. The composition of adverbial adverbs includes: 1) adverbs of place, 2) adverbs of time, 3) adverbs of reason, 4) adverbs of purpose.
Groups of adverbial adverbs and expressed meanings Examples
1. Adverbs of place indicate the place where an action takes place. Far, close, back, from a distance, towards, from the side.
2. Adverbs of time indicate the time of action. Yesterday, today, tomorrow, during the day, at night, in the morning, in the spring, sometimes, now.
3. Adverbs of reason indicate the reason for an action. In the heat of the moment, foolishly, drunk, blindly, involuntarily, not without reason.
4. Adverbs of purpose indicate the purpose of performing an action. Specifically, on purpose, out of spite, in defiance, as a joke, intentionally.
Quantitatively, the language is dominated by attributive adverbs. Then come the adverbs of place and time. The composition of the adverbs of cause and especially of purpose is very small.

Russian language test on the topic "Adverb". 7th grade.

Option I

1.Adverb is

A) part of speech denoting the action of an object

B) part of speech denoting an attribute of an object by action

C) part of speech denoting a sign of action

2.According to the meaning, adverbs can be divided into two categories: (specify which ones)

3. Specify the adverb:

A) rye B) wasteland C) wide open D) eat.

4. Adverbs:

A) vary in numbers; B) change by person; B) do not change.

5. From what word is the adverb difficult formed?

A) difficult B) labor C) toil D) difficulty

A) blind B) intelligent C) local D) hasty

A) completely quiet B) the work is completely

9. Determine the category of adverbs: out of spite, for show, on purpose

10. Determine the category of the adverb in the sentence: “The sweet clatter of hooves on the end dry pavement at midnight”

11. Match:

1. To act (not) stupidly 3. Not at all (not) interesting

2. Speak (not) sincerely 4. Write (not) carelessly

A) Together B) Separately

A) tightly...; before dark...; dry...

B) for a long time...; full...; reference...

13. In what chain of words is NN written?

A) unhindered...oh, enchanted...oh, deliberate...oh

B) without a trace, beautiful... oh, famous...

A) (according to) our B) (in) short C) (according to) your instructions

15. Find a case of hyphenation

A) (c) third, this is wrong B) (c) third rows laughed

16. How are these adverbs written: (barely)(barely), (strongly)(firmly), (exactly)(in)(exactly)?

A) together B) separately C) with a hyphen

18. Write out the adverbs from the sentence: At first we didn’t talk about anything, but the next day we started vying with each other to discuss what happened.

19. Make sentences with pairs of words: on time - during

Russian language test on the topic "Adverb". 7th grade.

Option II

1. An adverb is an independent part of speech that means:

A) a sign of an object

B) a sign of action

C) a sign of an object by action

2. According to their meaning, adverbs can be divided into two categories: (specify which ones)

3. Specify the adverb:

A) tremble B) help C) backhand D) hide.

4. Adverbs:

A) change by person;

B) vary in numbers;

B) do not change.

5. From what word is the adverb empty formed?

A) emptiness B) empty C) emptying D) wasteland

6. Determine which adjective does not form an adverb.

A) dense B) generous C) peasant D) slow

7. Indicate the word that names the sign of the action:

A) waddling B) waddling

8. Find a word that names a sign of a sign:

A) fits harmoniously B) harmoniously developed

9. Determine the category of adverbs: immediately, early, the day before

A) place B) time C) reasons D) goals

10. Determine the category of the adverb in the sentence: “The cat quietly gobbled up half the sausage when it got to the bowl.”

A) measures and degrees B) mode of action

11. Match the combined-separate spelling NOT with the adverb

1) The apple (not) falls far from the tree.

2) (It’s not) hard to take, but it’s hard to give.

3) What you have (un)truth will not be used for future use

4) (Not) for service, but for friendship

A) Together B) Separately

12. Indicate adverbs with the letter O at the end:

A) direction...; simply…; left...

B) yellow...; white...; reference...

13. In which chain of words is one N written?

A) accidental...oh, slow...oh, solemn...oh

B) mercilessly... oh, strong... oh, reverently... oh.

14. Find cases of using a hyphen:

A) (more) more B) (royally C) (in) my opinion

15. Find a case of continuous writing:

A) (c) hard-boiled eggs B) (c) hard-boiled mess

16. Find a sentence with an adverb written together:

A) If the earth rots in April, it means that May will sow in time.

B) Don’t talk (while) eating - you’ll cause trouble!

17. Replace each of the phraseological units with one word (adverb)

A) at the top of your lungs B) at the top of your lungs C) at your best D) carelessly E) far away G) under Tsar Pea H) a teaspoon per hour

I) out of hand K) like dead L) from time to time M) at your fingertips.

18. Write down the adverbs from the sentence: The days are still warm and gentle like autumn, but at night it is cold and the earth rings loudly under your feet.

19. Make sentences with pairs of words: towards – to meet

20. Explain the meaning of the word in vain, choosing adverbs for it - synonyms.

Answers:

Option I		Option II
Job number	Correct answer	Job number	Correct answer
	Definitive Circumstantial		Definitive Circumstantial
	1A, 2A, 3B, 4A		1A, 2B, 3A, 4B
	A) loud B) quickly D) reluctantly D) far K) tightly M) close		A) loud B) quickly D) reluctantly D) far K) tightly M) close
	At first, vying with each other