Black chicken, or underground inhabitants. Black Hen, or Underground Inhabitants (collection) What is pluralism

“I give you my word of honor that I will never talk about you to anyone,” Alyosha interrupted him. “Now I remember what I read in a book about gnomes who live underground. They write that in a certain city a shoemaker became very rich at the very a short time, so that no one understood where his wealth came from. Finally, they somehow found out that he sewed boots and shoes for the dwarves, who paid him very dearly for it.

“Perhaps that is true,” replied the minister.

“But,” Alyosha said to him, “explain to me, dear Chernushka, why, as a minister, you appear in the world in the form of a chicken and what connection do you have with the old Dutch women?”

Chernushka, wishing to satisfy his curiosity, began to tell him many things in detail, but at the very beginning of her story Alyosha's eyes closed, and he fell sound asleep.

When he woke up the next morning, he lay in his bed. For a long time he could not come to his senses and did not know what to do ...

Blackie and minister, king and knights, Dutch women and rats - all this was mixed up in his head, and he forcibly put everything he had seen the previous night in order in his mind. Remembering that the king had given him a hemp seed, he hastily rushed to his dress and indeed found in his pocket a piece of paper in which a hemp seed was wrapped. We shall see, he thought, whether the king will keep his word! Classes start tomorrow, and I haven’t had time to learn all my lessons yet.”

The historical lesson especially bothered him: he was asked to memorize several pages from Shrek world history* and he didn't know a single word yet!

Monday came, boarders arrived, and classes began. From ten o'clock to twelve o'clock the landlord himself taught history. Alyosha's heart was beating violently... While his turn came, he felt several times the piece of paper with the hemp seed in his pocket... Finally he was called. With trepidation, he approached the teacher, opened his mouth, still not knowing what to say, and ... unmistakably, without stopping, said the given. The teacher praised him very much; Alyosha, however, did not accept his praise with the pleasure he had previously felt on such occasions. An inner voice told him that he did not deserve this praise, because this lesson did not cost him any work.

For several weeks the teachers could not praise Alyosha. He knew all the lessons, without exception, perfectly, all the translations from one language to another were without errors, so that one could not be surprised at his extraordinary success. Alyosha was inwardly ashamed of these praises: he was ashamed that they set him up as an example to his comrades, when he did not deserve it at all.

During this time, Chernushka did not come to him, despite the fact that Alyosha, especially in the first weeks after receiving the hemp seed, did not miss almost a single day without calling her when he went to bed. At first he was very sad about it, but then he calmed down with the thought that she was probably busy with important business in her rank. Subsequently, the praises with which everyone showered him, so occupied him that he rarely thought about her.

Meanwhile, the rumor about his extraordinary abilities soon spread throughout the whole of St. Petersburg. The director of the schools himself came several times to the boarding school and admired Alyosha. The teacher carried him in his arms, for through him the boarding house entered into glory. Parents came from all over the city and molested him so that he would take their children to himself, in the hope that they would be the same scientists as Alyosha. Soon the boarding house was so full that there was no room for new boarders, and the teacher and the teacher began to think about renting a house, much more spacious than the one in which they lived.

Alyosha, as I said above, was at first ashamed of praises, feeling that he did not deserve them at all, but little by little he began to get used to them, and finally his vanity reached the point that he accepted, without blushing, the praises that he was showered with. . He began to think a lot about himself, put on airs in front of other boys and imagined that he was much better and smarter than all of them. Alyosha's temperament from this completely deteriorated: from a kind, sweet and modest boy, he became proud and disobedient. His conscience often reproached him for this, and an inner voice told him: “Alyosha, don’t be proud! Do not ascribe to yourself that which does not belong to you; thank fate for giving you advantages against other children, but do not think that you are better than them. If you do not correct yourself, then no one will love you, and then, with all your learning, you will be the most unfortunate child!

Sometimes he took the intention to improve, but, unfortunately, pride was so strong in him that he drowned out the voice of conscience, and he grew worse day by day, and day by day his comrades loved him less.

Moreover, Alyosha became a terrible rascal. Having no need to repeat the lessons that were assigned to him, he, at the time when other children were preparing for classes, was engaged in pranks, and this idleness spoiled his temper even more. Finally, everyone was so fed up with his bad temper that the teacher seriously began to think about the means for correcting such a bad boy and for this he gave him lessons twice and three times more than others; but that didn't help at all. Alyosha did not study at all, but nevertheless he knew the lesson from beginning to end, without the slightest mistake.

One day the teacher, not knowing what to do with him, asked him to memorize twenty pages by the next morning and hoped that he would at least be quieter that day.

Where! Our Alyosha did not even think about the lesson! That day he purposely played more naughty than usual, and the teacher threatened him in vain with punishment if he did not know the lesson the next morning. Alyosha inwardly laughed at these threats, being sure that the hemp seed would certainly help him.

719. Followers of Pythagoras

All the mathematicians with whom I had to communicate at school and after school were sloppy people, weak-willed and quite brilliant. So the statement that Pythagorean pants are supposedly equal in all directions is hardly absolutely accurate. Perhaps this was the case with Pythagoras himself, but his followers probably forgot about this and paid little attention to their appearance. And yet there was one mathematician in our school who was different from all the others. (F. Iskander.)

(71 words. Introductory words with the meaning of uncertainty.)

Exercise Write down the service words, distributing them into columns in accordance with part-of-speech attribution. What role do they play in the text?

Educational dictation

720. Apple of discord

All the gods of Olympus feasted at a luxurious wedding. Only one goddess of discord, Eris, did not participate in the fun: she was not invited to the feast. She wandered alone near the cave where the gods had fun, holding a grudge deep in her heart. Eris came up with how to take revenge on the gods, how to quarrel them. She took Golden Apple and wrote on it: "To the most beautiful." The invisible Eris quietly approached the banquet table and threw the apple.

The gods saw the apple and read the inscription. But which of the goddesses is the most beautiful? Immediately a dispute arose between three of them: the wife of Zeus Hera, the warrior Athena and the goddess of love Aphrodite. None of them wanted to give in to their opponent. They turned to the king of the gods and people Zeus and demanded to resolve their dispute. (According to N. Kuhn.)

(109 words. Prefixes. Unpronounceable consonants. Suffixes of adjectives and verbs.)

Exercise Write down the service words, distributing them into the appropriate parts of speech. What is the meaning of the phraseological unit with which this text is named?

Reference. Apple of discord - reason for the quarrel.

Test dictation

721. Picnic

On Wednesday, already at four o'clock, the station was packed with picnic participants. Everyone felt fun and at ease. The arrival of Vasily Terentyevich this time ended as happily as no one even dared to expect. No thunder or lightning followed, no one was asked to leave the service, and even, on the contrary, there were rumors about an increase in the salary of most employees in the near future. In addition, the picnic promised to be very entertaining... Clear and warm weather, firmly established during the last week, could not interfere with the trip. (A. Kuprin.)

(79 words. Not and neither.Homogeneous Members.)

Exercise Write down all the service parts of speech, distributing them into groups: prepositions, conjunctions and particles.

Prepositions

Educational dictations

722. Enmity

Dogs did not like crows, considered their appearance at their bowl an act of aggression and immediately rushed to protect their food. But a crow rushing towards the dogs led them aside, and they pursued it with loud barking.

When the woodpecker, far visible due to its motley red-black-white coloring, approached the dog bowl, the dogs did not make any noise, and proudly looking around, he simply climbed into the dog bowl and felt very calm. (According to N. Tikhonov.)

(69 words. Prefixes. Possessive adjective. Verb suffixes. homogeneous members.)

Exercise Write in two columns - non-derivative and derivative prepositions. What part of speech are derived prepositions derived from?

723. Magic gift

For several weeks the teachers could not praise Alyosha. He knew all the lessons perfectly, all the translations from one language to another were without errors, so that one could not help marveling at his extraordinary success. Alyosha was inwardly ashamed of these praises. He was ashamed that they set him up as an example to his comrades, when he did not deserve it at all.

During this time, Chernushka did not come to him, despite the fact that Alyosha, especially in the first weeks after receiving hemp seeds, did not miss almost a single day without calling her. At first he was very sad about it, but then he calmed down, thinking that she was probably busy with important matters. Subsequently, the praises with which everyone showered him, so occupied him that he rarely thought about her. (According to A. Pogorelsky.)

(117 words. Prefixes. Not with different parts of speech. vowels at the end of adverbs.)

Exercise Underline derivative prepositions and explain their spelling.

Test dictations

724. Hot day

The path went along high coastal cliff, meandering in the shade of centuries-old olive trees. Sea sometimes flickered between the trees, and then it seemed that, leaving into the distance it rises at the same time up calm mighty wall. And its color was even bluer, even thicker in the patterned cuts, among silvery green foliage. In grass, bushes of dogwood and wild rose hips, in vineyards and on trees - everywhere cicadas were flooded, the air trembled with their ringing, monotonous, unceasing cry. The day turned out to be hot, windless, and the heated earth burned the soles of the feet. (A. Kuprin.)

(78 words. Unstressed vowels in roots. Adjective suffixes. Compound adjectives. Homogeneous members with a generalizing word. Complex sentences.)

Exercise What part of speech are the underlined words? Name their morphological features.

725. Preparing gifts

Almost a month after we moved to Moscow, I sat on top of my grandmother's house, at a large table and wrote poetry. A drawing teacher was sitting opposite me and finally straightening the head of some Turk in a turban, drawn with a black pencil. Volodya, with his neck stretched out, stood behind the teacher and looked over his shoulder. This head was Volodya's first work, and today, on the day of the grandmother's angel, it was supposed to be presented to her. (L. Tolstoy.)

(66 words. Vowels after hissing. nn in passive participles.)

Exercise Underline derivative prepositions with nouns. In what case are nouns used? Compare combinations on top of the house and behind the teacher which one has a preposition? Choose a synonym for the word behind.

Educational dictations

726. Animal fish

Fish animals differ from fish living near the surface in that they live at great depths, that is, they are deep-sea. They often lack a swim bladder, or it is very small. Their buoyancy is provided mainly by fat. Most of these fish, or animals, have large mouths that allow them to capture and filter a significant amount of water. Animals living permanently at great depths are often deprived of organs of vision, and therefore they cannot see, but they have organs adapted to enable them to navigate and search for food. In addition, organisms living deep under water are often colorless or dirty gray in color. This helps them to be invisible to their enemies.

(102 words. Vowels in roots. Compound adjectives. Brief Communions. Participle turns.)

Exercise Write out derivative prepositions with nouns attached to them. What cases of nouns are they used with? Indicate what parts of speech they are formed from.

727. New acquaintances

Vasya met the prisoners only this summer, thanks to the fact that there was no supervision over him. Until that time, he was very afraid of them and, running into the upper garden, tried to sneak past them at a respectful distance and always at a run. Then he considered all these people in gray hats, digging earth in the garden or carrying sand in wheelbarrows, capable of all sorts of villainy, even ready, as Nanny Agafya assured him a long time ago, when he was capricious, to take the boy away and then fry him and eat him, although if only he were an admiral's son. These words of the nanny at one time made a deep impression on Vasya, despite the fact that he did not hear their confirmation from anyone. (According to K. Stanyukovich.)

(110 words. Prefixes. Case endings nouns. The vowel before the suffix -l- in verbs. Participle suffixes. Participle turns.)

Exercise Underline derivative prepositions. Choose the homonyms from which the prepositions are formed. Come up with sentences with homonyms and graphically indicate their syntactic function.

728. Hunting season

The edges turn yellow, and the leaves with a quiet, sad rustle fall on the light green winters, on the dirt of the rutted forest road. The brother, looking like a Circassian in his sheepskin hat, stands in the middle of the yard and looks first at the sky, then at the dogs. He cheerfully slaps his whip and turns to Masha. His black eyes sparkle with glee. Masha's face from under the scarf thrown over her head seems so sad and sweet in her anxiously attentive expression, with which she looks either at her brother or at the sky. Dogs, sensing the approach of the hunting season, every morning squeal at the porch and ask for the fields, among which the farm was assured. He is all hidden in the trees, only the white chimney of the house and the windows with white frames look out from behind the thick, still green lilac. (By P. Romanov.)

(106 words b and b. Compound adjectives. Participle suffixes. Personal endings of verbs. homogeneous members.)

Exercise Match the prepositions in the text with synonyms from the following: between, near, about, beside. Compare them. Is there any (semantic or stylistic) difference between synonymous prepositions?

Control dictation

729. Menshikov Tower

During the time when Peter the Great ruled Russia, the name of Alexander Danilovich Menshikov was known to everyone, despite the fact that he was not distinguished by either noble family or wealth. In Moscow, Menshikov decided to build a temple of unprecedented height towards the sun, three meters higher than the bell tower of Ivan the Great. The temple was not at all like the old Moscow churches. In one of the tiers there was an English tower clock that struck every quarter of an hour. They called this church the Menshikov Tower.

However, on June 14, 1723, the church burned down due to a lightning strike. In Moscow, they decided about the fire that this was a punishment and a warning to the high-rising temporary worker about the impending fall. It must be borne in mind that later the prediction came true. Soon Menshikov was stripped of all titles and wealth and exiled.

(118 words. Uppercase letter. Unpronounceable consonants. Case endings of nouns. Adjective suffixes. I'm not with different parts of speech. Derivative prepositions. homogeneous members. Complex sentences.)

Unions

Educational dictations

730. In Yalta

Chekhov yearned for Moscow, for the north. In addition to the sea and the winter quiet Yalta, it seemed that there was nothing left in life. Somewhere very far away, beyond Kharkov, beyond Kursk and Orel, snow lay, the lights of impoverished villages blinked blindly into a gray snowstorm; she seemed sweet and close to the heart, much closer to the cypresses and the sweet seaside air. This air often gave me headaches. Everything seemed lovely: forests, streams, and haystacks in deserted evening fields, lonely, illuminated by a muddy moon, as if forever forgotten by man.

Sick Levitan asked Chekhov for a piece of cardboard and in half an hour sketched an evening field with haystacks on it with oil paints ... Chekhov inserted this sketch into the fireplace and often looked at it while working. (According to K. Paustovsky.)

(113 words. Case endings of nouns. Adjective suffixes. Homogeneous members after the generalizing word.)

Exercise Underline the coordinating conjunctions. What do they connect: homogeneous members or sentences?

731. Plyos

Levitan was looking for a place for sketches, but there were no good places. He frowned more and more and complained of fatigue. The shores floated slowly, monotonously, pleasing neither with picturesque villages, nor with thoughtful and smooth turns. Finally, in Plyos, Levitan saw from the deck an old small church, cut from pine ridges. She blackened in the green sky, and the first star burned above her, shimmering and shining. In this church, in the silence of the evening, in the melodious voices of women selling milk on the pier, Levitan felt so much peace that he immediately decided to stay in Plyos. From that moment began a bright period in his life. The small town was silent and deserted. The silence was broken only by the ringing of bells and the lowing of the herd, and at night - the beaters of the watchmen. On the street slopes and ravines the burdock blossomed and the quinoa grew. (K. Paustovsky.)

(125 words. Prefixes. Letters k and nn. Verb suffixes. Not and neither. homogeneous members. Incomplete offer.)

Exercise Underline the coordinating conjunctions. What do they connect? What semantic relations (connective, adversative, etc.) do these unions express?

Test dictation

732. Alarm

The chest breathes calmly, and a terrible anxiety finds in the soul. The imagination flies and flies like a bird, and everything moves so clearly and stands before your eyes. The heart will suddenly tremble and beat, passionately rush forward, then irretrievably drown in memories. All life unfolds easily and quickly, like a scroll. Man owns all his past, all his feelings, strength, all his soul. And nothing interferes around: there is no sun, no wind, no noise ... (According to I. Turgenev.)

(69 words. Unpronounceable consonants. Personal endings of verbs. Homogeneous members with a generalizing word.)

Exercise Underline the coordinating conjunctions. Which of them have synonyms?

Educational dictations

733. Acquaintance with the stars

Before Seryozha did not pay attention to the stars, they did not interest him, because he did not know that they had names. But mom showed him Milky Way, Sirius, Ursa Major and red Mars. Seryozha wanted to know all the names, but his mother did not remember them, but she showed him the mountains on the moon, and he seemed to touch the stars. (According to V. Panova.)

(56 words. Capital letter in astronomical names. Complex sentences.)

Exercise Underline the writing with one line, and with two - subordinating conjunctions. Explain the origin of the union but. What is its function and value? What union can replace it in the text?

734. Self-education

Once the thought occurred to me that happiness does not depend on external causes, but on our attitude towards them. A person who is accustomed to endure suffering cannot be unhappy. And in order to accustom myself to work, despite the terrible pain, I held Tatishchev’s lexicons in outstretched hands for five minutes or went into the closet and lashed my bare back painfully with a rope, so that tears involuntarily appeared in my eyes. (L. Tolstoy.)

(66 words. Prefix at-. Not. homogeneous members.)

Exercise Underline the coordinating conjunctions with one line, and the subordinating conjunctions with two. What semantic relations express those and other conjunctions? Reference. Lexiqbn(obsolete) - dictionary.

Selective dictation

735. Truce

Once, during Maslenitsa, Nekhlyudov was so busy with various pleasures that although he called on us several times a day, he never spoke to me. This offended me, so that he again seemed to me a proud and unpleasant person. I was only waiting for an opportunity to show him that I did not value his company in the least and that I had no special affection for him.

The first time he wanted to talk to me again after Maslenitsa, I said that I needed to prepare my lessons and left. But a quarter of an hour later someone opened the door to the classroom, and Nekhlyudov came up to me. "Am I disturbing you?" - he said. “No,” I replied, even though I wanted to say that I really had a business. (L. Tolstoy.)

(116 words. Not and neither with different parts of speech. Direct speech.)

Exercise Write the subordinating conjunctions in two columns: simple and compound. What semantic relationships do they express between parts of complex sentences? Explain the origin of unions what and to.

Particles

Educational dictations

736. Magic gift

Tell me what do you want? continued the king. If I can, I will certainly fulfill your request.
- Speak boldly, Alyosha! the minister whispered in his ear.
Alyosha thought about it and did not know what to wish for. If they had given him more time, he might have thought of something good; but as it seemed impolite to him to keep the king waiting, he hastened to reply.
- I would like, - he said, - that, without studying, I always knew my lesson, no matter what I was asked.
“I didn’t think you were such a lazy person,” replied the king, shaking his head. - But there is nothing to do, I must fulfill my promise.

He waved his hand, and the page brought up a golden dish, on which lay one hemp seed. (A. Pogorelsky.)

(109 words. Suffix -ets. indefinite pronouns. Not with different parts of speech. Infinitive. Complex sentences. Skills of recording direct speech without quotes.)

Exercise Underline the particles, indicate their rank by value.

737. About V. Gilyarovsky

Each time needs its own chronicler, not only in the field of historical events, but also a chronicler of everyday life. To fully understand at least Leo Tolstoy or Chekhov, we must know the life of that time. Even Pushkin's poetry acquires its full brilliance only for those who know the life of Pushkin's time. Therefore, the works of such a writer as Gilyarovsky, a chronicler of everyday life and a commentator of his time, are so valuable to us. (K. Paustovsky.)

(62 words. Uppercase letter. Case endings and suffixes of nouns with the meaning of the agent.)

Exercise Underline the particles and explain their spelling. What meaning do they give to the words in the text?

Not and neither with different parts of speech

Educational dictations

738. Language of Russia

You will never fade
You won't get cold even for a moment.
I bow to you in Russian
The language of my great-grandfathers.
(A. Markov.)

(17 words. Personal endings of verbs. Adverb. appeal.)

Exercise What parts of speech are particles used with? not and neither! Are these particles the same?

739. Desert

The desert is yellow and blue. Hot sand burns through the soles. In the desert, everything is unusual and incomprehensible. Torrential rain that dries before reaching the ground. Trees under which there is no shade. Good weather is not called sunny and dry, but cloudy and rainy. The umbrella protects here not from the rain, but from the sun. You go. Streams of sand fall asleep behind your trail. (According to N. Sladkov.)

(56 words. double consonants. Personal endings of verbs. Dash between main members.)

Exercise

740. What is pluralism?

The search for truth is always a choice from many options. The wider the choice, the more difficult it is to do this, but the more accurate it is. Pluralism is the plurality, the diversity of opinions. However, not everything is simple here. To tolerate an opinion that is fundamentally the opposite of yours is not for everyone. Moreover, it is not possible to defend one's opinion if the forces are unequal. Try to approach a well-known bully and a strong man at school, tell him that he is wrong. After all, he nakostylyaet and will remain with his. It is clear that this is not pluralism at all, but autocracy, arbitrariness and forced unanimity. (From the almanac "I want to know everything.")

(90 words. Difficult words. A dash in a simple sentence.)

Exercise Designate and explain the spelling "Not with different parts of speech."

741. Far from home

But I lost weight not only because of homesickness. In addition, I was constantly malnourished. In the autumn, while Uncle Vanya was carrying bread on his lorry to the grain farm, which was not far from the regional center, food was sent to me quite often. But the problem is that I missed it. There was nothing there but bread and potatoes, and occasionally her mother stuffed cottage cheese into a jar, which she took from someone for something: she did not keep a cow. They bring it - it seems a lot, you'll miss it in two days - it's empty. (V. Rasputin.)

(76 words. Compound nouns. indefinite pronouns. Personal endings of verbs.)

Exercise Underline the particles, determine their rank by value, and explain the spelling.

742. Unusual dispatcher

The hand crane Vasily Ivanovich enjoyed the greatest love and respect in the aviation detachment. It is important, like a dispatcher, he walked around the airfield. One might have thought that not a single plane could depart without Vasily Ivanovich.

Once the pilot Ermakov flew over the forests. Unexpectedly, the motor became capricious, and we had to descend into the swamp. He managed to land safely between the trees without damaging the car. The pilot reacted calmly to his failure. He knew very well that his comrades would not leave him and would certainly soon find him. There were few provisions with him, but there was a hunting rifle and cartridges. He was not afraid to die.

Wandering through the swamp, he once caught a crane. It was a long-legged, already fledged chick that could not fly. (According to I. Sokolov-Mikitov.)

(105 words. Nn in adjectives and adverbs. b in verbs. Participle and participial phrases.)

Exercise Explain the spelling Not and not with different parts of speech.

Test dictation

743. Witness of the past

We often say "the times of Chekhov" or "the times of Tolstoy". But the air of this recent time, its coloration, its character, composed of innumerable features - all this is almost lost to us. The new generation can no longer feel Chekhov's time as something completely concrete.

Nothing, of course, can give such an accurate sense of the past as a meeting with a living witness to it. Especially with such a peculiar and talented witness as Vladimir Alekseevich Gilyarovsky was - a man of indomitable energy and indomitable kindness.

He was a cheerful and tireless worker. All his life he worked, and in any work he brought real Russian ingenuity, quickness of mind, even some daring. There must have been not a single phenomenon that did not seem to him deadly curious and deserving close attention. (TO. Paustovsky.)

(111 words. Adjective suffixes. Case endings of nouns. Brief Communions. Introductory phrase. homogeneous members. Complex sentences.)

Exercise Explain spelling "Not to none different parts of speech.

Hyphenating Particles

Educational dictations

744. Sick cheetah

It's easy to say - to feed a sick animal. Someone who, but I knew well how difficult it is to do. Try to give something if he not only does not eat, but does not even get up. And if you do not take any measures, the cheetah may die. Then the thought came to my mind: what if I just enter the cage and try to feed him with my hands? I had some inner conviction that the beast would not touch me. And yet, before entering the cheetah's cage, I made some preparations. (According to V. Chaplina.)

(82 words. Not with different parts of speech. indefinite pronouns. Complex sentences.)

Exercise Explain the spelling "Hyphen spelling of particles." With the words of what parts of speech they are used and what shade of meaning they bring (semantic or stylistic)?

745. Family heirloom

At the same time, the sound of a droshky, the noise of a suburban train, and military music could be heard from the street. And suddenly, among all this hubbub, some terribly familiar hissing sounded, something clicked, started, and one after another, transparent spring sounds began to beat clearly, as if counting something. What is it? Excuse me, but it's a clock! The same famous table clock, which, as the family legend said, dad won at the Allegri lottery.

How could Petya forget about them? Well, yes, of course they are! They were counting down the time. They "beat"! But the boy did not have time to count how many. In any case, something a lot: either ten, or eleven. (V. Kataev.)

(97 words. Prefixes. Letters nn in adjectives. Imperative form. Interrogative and exclamatory sentences.)

Exercise Designate the spelling "The spelling of the particle is something." Find words in the text that are homonymous with this particle and indicate what part of speech they are.

Reference.
Relic - a thing kept as a memory of the past.
Allegri- Lottery with immediate distribution of winnings.

Creative dictation

746. Folk wisdom

Going to bed, Vasya said to his mother in a happy, tired, half-asleep voice:
- You know, mom, I love these turtles so much!
“It turns out that an old friend is no better than two new ones ...” the mother remarked, covering her son with a blanket.

There are words that seem simple and harmless, which, once said at the right time, again and again appear in your memory and do not let you live. In the end, Masha is not even a friend to him, Vasya, but just an old, decrepit turtle, and he does not want to think about her at all. And yet he thinks not about what a fine fellow he is, that he managed to get two funny kids with whom it will be so interesting to play tomorrow, but all about the same useless Mashka. I think it's unsettling... (Yu. Nagibin.)

(109 words. Prefixes. Personal endings of verbs. Dialog.)

Exercise Highlight the particles in the text and explain their spelling. What proverb did Vasya's mother remember? How do you understand it? Is she fair? Write a short essay confirming or refuting this proverb.

Control dictations

747. Kalinich

Kalinich was a man of the most merry, most meek disposition, sang incessantly in an undertone, looked carelessly in all directions, spoke a little through his nose, smiling, screwed up his light blue eyes, and often took his thin, wedge-shaped beard with his hand. He walked slowly, but with large steps, slightly propped up by a long and thin stick. During the day, he spoke to me more than once, served me without servility, but watched the master as if he were a child. When the unbearable midday heat forced us to seek shelter, he led us to his apiary, in the very depths of the forest. Kalinych opened for us a hut, hung with bunches of dry fragrant herbs, laid us down on fresh hay, and he himself went to cut out our honeycombs. (According to I. Turgenev.)

(105 words. Roots with alternating vowels. double consonants. Prefixes. Difficult words. official words.)

748. After the earthquake

From the raid, the city of Messina looked Sicilian beautiful, tempting, but for a moment Petya felt something disturbing in the location and number of houses. There were far fewer of them than there might have been. Between them, some dead spaces were guessed, hidden in disorderly thickets. Only when they landed on the pier did Petya see that more than half of the city was ruins.

Then he suddenly remembered the words that three years ago the whole world repeated with horror: the Messinian earthquake.

The destruction of the city and the deaths of tens of thousands of people took place within a few minutes and left behind neither fortress towers, nor marble colonnades, nothing but miserable fragments of apartment partitions with shreds of wallpaper, shingles, broken glass and twisted iron beds, now overgrown with dereza and nightshade . It was the first ruined city that Petya saw. (B. Kataev.)

(119 words. Prefixes. Adjective suffixes. Hyphenated spelling of pronouns and adverbs. Service parts of speech.)

Reference.
Boxthorn - steppe shrub plant.
Nightshade - herbaceous plant with white flowers or green berries.

Creative dictation (for all official parts of speech)

749. On a hot afternoon

We sat in the shade, but it was stuffy even in the shade. The heavy, sultry air seemed to freeze. The hot face looked longingly for the wind, but there was no wind. The sun was beating down from the blue, darkened sky. Directly in front of us, on the other bank, an oat field turned yellow, in some places overgrown with wormwood, and at least one ear stirred. A little lower, a peasant horse stood in the river up to its knees and lazily fanned its tail. From time to time a large fish surfaced under an overhanging bush, blew bubbles and quietly sank to the bottom, leaving behind a slight swell. Grasshoppers crackled in the rusty grass... We sat motionless, overwhelmed by the heat. Suddenly behind us, in the ravine, there was a noise: someone was descending to the source. (I. Turgenev.)

(105 words. Prefixes. Suffixes of nouns and adjectives. Adverbs. Not.)

Exercise Write out the service parts of speech in three columns: prepositions, conjunctions, particles. What part of speech words can they be homonymous with?

Interjection

Educational dictation

750. Tea room

The house where the tea room was located is perhaps an exception. Nothing new is seen in it. We rushed to the door, but, alas, it was locked from the inside. Then, in desperation, I climbed through the open window and saw an empty room covered with newspapers. A woman was standing on a stool and with a large brush she was moving along the ceiling. (V. Soloukhin.)

(46 words)

Exercise Underline the interjection, indicate for what purpose it is used in the text. Give more interjections expressing different emotions

Meanwhile, the rumor about his extraordinary abilities soon spread throughout the whole of St. Petersburg. The director of the schools himself came several times to the boarding school and admired Alyosha. The teacher carried him in his arms, because through him the boarding house entered into glory. Parents came from all over the city and molested him so that he would take their children to himself, in the hope that they would also be scientists like Alyosha.

Soon the boarding house was so full that there was no room for new boarders, and the teacher and the teacher began to think about renting a house, much more spacious than the one in which they lived.

Alyosha, as I said above, at first was ashamed of praises, feeling that he did not deserve them at all, but little by little he began to get used to them, and finally his pride reached the point that he accepted, without blushing, the praises that he was showered with. . He began to think a lot about himself, put on airs in front of other boys and imagined that he was much better and smarter than all of them. Alyosha's temperament from this completely deteriorated: from a kind, sweet and modest boy, he became proud and disobedient. His conscience often reproached him for this, and an inner voice told him: “Alyosha, don’t be proud! Do not ascribe to yourself that which does not belong to you; thank fate for giving you advantages against other children, but do not think that you are better than them. If you do not correct yourself, then no one will love you, and then, with all your learning, you will be the most unfortunate child!”

Sometimes he took the intention to improve, but, unfortunately, pride was so strong in him that it drowned out the voice of conscience, and he grew worse day by day, and day by day his comrades loved him less.

Moreover, Alyosha became a terrible rascal. Having no need to repeat the lessons that were assigned to him, at the time when other children were preparing for classes, he was engaged in pranks, and this idleness spoiled his temper even more.

Finally, everyone was so fed up with his bad temper that the teacher seriously began to think about the means for correcting such a bad boy and for this he gave him lessons twice and three times more than others; but that didn't help at all. Alyosha did not study at all, but nevertheless he knew the lesson from beginning to end, without the slightest mistake.

One day the teacher, not knowing what to do with him, asked him to memorize twenty pages by the next morning and hoped that he would at least be quieter that day.

The next day, at the appointed hour, the teacher picked up the book from which the lesson was given to Alyosha, called him to him and ordered him to say the assignment. All the children turned their attention to Alyosha with curiosity, and the teacher himself did not know what to think when Alyosha, despite the fact that he had not repeated the lesson at all the day before, boldly got up from the bench and went up to him. Alyosha had no doubt that this time too he would succeed in demonstrating his extraordinary ability; he opened his mouth ... and could not utter a word!

- Why are you silent? the teacher told him. - Speak a lesson.

Alyosha blushed, then turned pale, blushed again, began to wrinkle his hands, tears welled up in his eyes from fear ... All in vain! He could not utter a single word, because, hoping for a hemp seed, he did not even look at the book.

What does this mean, Alyosha? the teacher shouted. Why don't you want to talk?

Alyosha himself did not know what to attribute such strangeness to, put his hand into his pocket to feel the seed ... But how to describe his despair when he did not find it! Tears flowed like hail from his eyes ... He wept bitterly, and yet he could not say a word.

Meanwhile, the teacher was losing patience. Accustomed to the fact that Alyosha always answered accurately and without stammering, he considered it impossible that Alyosha did not know at least the beginning of the lesson, and therefore attributed the silence to his obstinacy.

“Go to the bedroom,” he said, “and stay there until you know the lesson perfectly.

They took Alyosha to the lower floor, gave him a book, and locked the door with a key.

As soon as he was left alone, he began to look everywhere for a hemp seed. He fumbled for a long time in his pockets, crawled on the floor, looked under the bed, sorted out the blanket, pillow, sheets - all in vain! Nowhere was there a trace of the kind grain! He tried to remember where he might have lost it, and finally became convinced that he had dropped it some day before, while playing in the yard. But how to find it? He was locked in a room, and even if they had been allowed to go out into the yard, this would probably have served nothing, for he knew that chickens were tasty for hemp and its grain, it’s true that one of them managed to peck ! Desperate to find him, he decided to call Chernushka to his aid.

- Dear Chernushka! he said. Dear Minister! Please come to me and give me another seed! I'll be more careful in the future...

But no one answered his requests, and he finally sat down on a chair and again began to weep bitterly.

Meanwhile it was time for dinner; The door opened and the teacher entered.

Do you know the lesson now? he asked Alyosha.

Alyosha, sobbing loudly, was forced to say that he did not know.

- Well, then stay here until you learn! - said the teacher, ordered to give him a glass of water and a piece of rye bread and left him alone again.

Alyosha began to repeat by heart, but nothing entered his head. He had long lost the habit of studying, and how to get twenty printed pages out of it! No matter how much he worked, no matter how much he strained his memory, but when evening came, he did not know more than two or three pages, and even that was bad. When it was time for the other children to go to bed, all his comrades rushed into the room at once, and the teacher came with them again.

- Alyosha, do you know the lesson? - he asked. And poor Alyosha answered through tears:

I only know two pages.

- So, apparently, tomorrow you will have to sit here on bread and water, - said the teacher, wished the other children a good sleep and left.

Alyosha stayed with his comrades. Then, when he was a kind and modest child, everyone loved him, and if he happened to be punished, then everyone pitied him, and this served him as a consolation. But now no one paid any attention to him: everyone looked at him with contempt and did not say a word to him.

He decided himself to start a conversation with one boy, with whom he had been very friendly in the old days, but he turned away from him without answering. Alyosha turned to another, but the other did not want to talk to him either, and even pushed him away from him when he spoke to him again. Here the unfortunate Alyosha felt that he deserved such treatment from his comrades. Shedding tears, he lay down in his bed, but could not sleep at all.

For a long time he lay in this way and with sorrow recalled the past happy days. All the children already enjoyed a sweet dream, only he could fall asleep! “And Chernushka left me,” Alyosha thought, and tears again flowed from his eyes.